i 



\^ 



'^ > 




MARTIN COUNTY 



IN THE 



WORLD WAR 



1917-1919 



To the Heroic Men of Martin County, Minn- 
esota, who gave their lives upon the 
field of battle or through disease 
in the righteous cause of 

Liberty, Justice and Equality 

This volume is affectionately and 
reverently dedicated. 



Compiled by 

ARTHUR M. NELSON 

Formerly Major A. G. D. 



Published by 

SENTINEL PUBLISHING COMPANY 

Fairmont, Minnesota 

iqio 



■'^f-' 

^(o^^ 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Publishers' Foreword ■'• 

Portrait of Pros. Wilson 4 

CHAPTER I: 

IntroiliK'tion 5 6 



CHAPTER II: 

The Declaration of War. . 

CHAPERT III: 

The Call to the Colors. . . . 
Mobilizing the Man Power. 



CH.XPTER IV: 

Martin County Men and Women in the Service. 
Honoring the Men Who Fought 



CHAPTER V: 

Martin County Public Safety Association 

Portraits of War Board Members. . . .' 

Co. B, 6th Battalion Minnesota Home Guard. 

Motor Reserve Corps 

War Time National Guard 

Legal Advisory Board 

Women's Work in the War 



CHAPTER YI: Financing the War 

The Liberty Loans 

Savings and Thrift Stamps. . . . 



s 





HI 


12 


^^ 


IS 


IS 


ly 


20 


25 


26 


.?5 


.^6 


37 


,?7 


.?S 


,?S 


40 


to 


41 


41 


4,5 


44 


40 


-16 


47 



CHAPTER VII: 

The Red Cross 4 7 5,S 

CHAPTER VIII: Welfare Work- 
Young Men's Christian Association 56 

Knights of Columbus 56 

Young Women's Christian Association 57 

CHAPTER IX: 

America First Association 57 59 

CHAPTER X: 

Food Conservation and Production 5') 61 

Fuel Administration 61 

War Industries 61 

CHAPTER XI: The Return of Peace 

The Armistice 62 63 

Tlie Homecoming 63 64 



TABLE OF CONTENTS— Cont'd. 

CHAPTER XH: War Sc-rvice of Individuals 

"In Flanders Fields" 67 

"At Romagne" 68 

The Roll of Honor 69 81 

Armv ■■ 82 20(, 

Navy 208 217 

Marines 217 221 

Miscellaneous. . 222 226 

CHAPTER XIII: 

Narrative of the World War ... 228 2.';S 

Gen. Pershing's Official Report 260 272 

CHAPTER XIV: Personal Narratives and Miscellaneous 

Army Life for a Year and a Day 275 277 

Secret Work for the Department of Justice 277 2S() 

After Chateau Thierry 280 

Soldier's Last Letter 281 

Cheerfulness of the Wounded . . 281 

The Marines at the Marne ... . 281 282 

Dodging the Submarines 282 

With the Air Bombing Squadrons 28,? 

Wounded and a Prisoner in Germany 284 

Hide and Seek with Submarines 284 

'Pwo Hundred Miles of Battle Front 284 28.S 

Gassed at Belleau Wood 285 

When Depth Bombs Let Go 285 286 

Escaped Battle's Perils to Die of Disea.sc . . 286 

Gassed on His Birthday 286 

Patrols Hug Earth to Escape Hun Bullets 286 287 

Secret War Preparations 287 

How an American Soldier Died 287 

Martin County in the Civil War 287 290 

Martin County in the Spanish War 290 292 

Martin County on the Mexican Border 292 29,5 

The Victory Medal 294 

Germany's Stupid Aerial Propaganda 294 

The American Legion 294 295 

World War and Civil War Forces Compared . 295 

War Statistics 295 

Winning the D. S. M 296 

With the .?7th Division . . 297 298 

APPENDIX 299 ,?U. 

CHAPTER XV; Illustrated Review of the War 317 3.i2 



FOREWORD 

The preparation of this work was undertaken in order that the record of 
Martin County's services and sacrifices in the field and at home during the World 
War might be preserved to posterity. 

Martin County will have cause ever to reflect with pride upon what her 
people did in the great war for the preservation of our liberty and the overthrow 
of monarchical despotism and autocracy. The record herein contained is written 
imperfectly and incompletely, the material collected and collated while the memo- 
ries of the war are fresh in the minds of all. It is the hope of the publishers that 
the work will possess the merit of interest to the people of this period and be of 
some historical value to future generations. 

The preparation of the individual records of the service men and women 
has involved almost endless labor and research, accomplished in nearly every 
case by personal interviews. The data has been assembled by one thoroughly 
conversant with military terminology and organization. It is therefore reasonably 
believed that a maximum of accuracy has been attained. 

It is a matter of regret to the publishers that not every individual record is 
complete and accompanied by a portrait. Every endeavor to that end, consist- 
ent with the time available for the purpose, was made but there were instances 
where inability to locate, indifference or other reason has made it impossible to 
accomplish the desired result. This is essentially a memorial volume devoted 
principally to the records of the service men. Other features have been intro- 
duced but civilian war activities have necessarily been subordinated that the 
limitations of a single volume might be adequate and the cost of production not 
rendered prohibitive. 

In compilation we have had valuable assistance from many individuals, 
all of which is gratefully acknowledged. 

That we may have succeeded in contributing something of appreciation of 
the deeds, valor and patriotism of those to whom this volume is dedicated is the 
wish of 

The Publishers. 



CHAPTER I. 



INTRODUCTION 



With the events of the World War from its in- 
ception on Aug. 3, 1914. when Germany declared war 
upon France, up to the entrance into the titanic 
struggle of the United States by its declaration of 
war on April 6. 1917, this work will concern itself 
but little. They will be touched upon only to the 
degree that appears necessary in order that as clear 
an understanding as possible may be had of condi- 
tions in Martin County precedent to and durin,g the 
war. The causes leading up to hostilities, the aims 
and designs of Germany in precipitating a struggle 
destined either to Germanize the world or destroy 
that nation at the pinnacle of its greatness, the tac- 
tics employed, the efifects upon the civilization of 
the future — these and kindred subjects will engage 
the attention of historians, economists, sociologists 
and statesmen for a century to come. Obviously 
they must be omitted in a volume of this character. 

At the very outset there were many who recog- 
nized in Germany's utter disregard for treaties, for 
international law, for the commonly accepted rights 
of nations, for the principles of humanity and hu- 
man rights, a situation in the affairs of the world 
which made it certain that before the common foe 
was disillusioned the United States must take her 
place in the armed ranks of the nations arrayed 
against the Prussian autocracy. 

There can be little doubt, however, that at least 
up to the Lusitania outrage on May 7, 1915, public 
sentiment in Martin County was more friendly to 
the German than to the Allied cause. Several fac- 
tors contributed to this condition. In the popular 
mind the causes and purposes of the war at that 
period were little understood; through history and 
tradition, supplemented by Prussian propaganda, 
the public mind was poisoned against England; the 
major part of our population was of foreign blood 
or parentage, about one-third German, a very con- 
siderable Scandinavian, with Irisli, Polish and some 
other elements in lesser numbers. People of such 
ancestry naturally brought into American life some- 
thing of the prejudices and passions of European 
politics and struggles, which for the most part, lent 
a natural inclination toward the German cause so 
long as America remained unmolested and, in the 
popular conception, unconcerned in the fate of Eu- 
ropean nations. 

In fact before, and even after tlie Lusitania inci- 
dent, the press of the count3^ many of the pulpits 
and schools and general public discussion was frank- 
ly favorable to Germany. The German language 
was the language of the home, the church, the school 
and the literature of hundreds of Martin County 
homes. The customs of the Fatherland was predom- 
inant in many communities. The sturdy, honest, 
industrious character of our people of German birth 
and blood had earned for them the highest respect 
from all elements and they had won the right to be 
regarded as a most desirable class of American citi- 
zens. Forming, as they did, so numerous a part of 
our population it was unavoidable that in the early 
stages of the war the sentiment and sympathy of 
the county was with the German cause. 

Taking advantage of this situation with cunning 
adroitness the propaganda service of Germany was 
not idle. Through the press, both English and for- 
eign, by means of publicity bureaus circulating frank- 
ly pro-German literature, utilizing the pulpits and 
by the efforts of individuals no opportunity was 
lost to build up sentiment favorable to the Central 
powers. There was little or no attempt to con- 
ceal the work being done to win in this community 
a state of mind that would recognize the German 



cause as righteous and fastening odium upon her 
enemies, particularly England. The results were far- 
reaching, including a very large number other than 
those of German blood. It is but fair to state that 
many were won completely or in part by these ef- 
forts wholly unwittingly, and assistance was lent in 
spreading the propaganda without any conscious- 
ness that they were so doing. Later, when American 
rights were infringed and Germany's attitude of 
insolence and brutality became so flagrant, most of 
those who had been seduced by the shrewd accom- 
plishments of an earlier day saw the trap that had 
enticed them and became wholly loyal to America. 
But it was many months before the insidious effects 
of Prussian propaganda were fully realized. In fact 
this work was never abandoned. Even after the 
armistice one could see it carried on in a persistent 
instilling of hatred for England. In the months fol- 
lowing the resumption of peace many made them- 
selves ridiculous by insisting upon the use of the 
"American" language, rather tian the "English." 

It has never been discovered that any paid emissa- 
ries of the German government operated in the com- 
munity. This was unnecessary. There were at all 
times plenty of persons who either through stu- 
pidity or a treasonable attitude toward America 
lent themselves to the work that the German In- 
telligence Service desired done. It is a nice compli- 
ment to the thoroughness of German propaganda that 
it was so organized that its most effective work 
was done by those who received no pay for their 
services in behalf of German kultur. 

It is not to be assumed that with America's entry 
into the war the sentiment for Germany entirely dis- 
appeared. There were those, and their number, 
though inconsiderable, was far greater than it 
should have been, who persisted in their pro-German- 
ism. The records of tlie county attorney of Mar- 
tin County during the war period shows that there 
were numerous prosecutions and convictions for dis- 
loyalty, mostly but not entirely of persons whose 
birth or ancestry was German. Nor has this men- 
ace entirely disappeared with the cessation of hos- 
tilities. It still constitutes a problem that engages 
the attention of those who insist on a 100 per cent 
Americanism. 

It is not fair to too severely condemn those of 
our people who have remained more foreign than 
American. There has been no concerted effort made 
toward Americanization until the war showed its 
necessity. Heretofore we have encouraged, rather 
than discouraged, the grouping of European imini- 
grants into localities where they perpetuated the 
foreign tongue, the foreign language church, school 
and customs. Previous to the war there had been 
no real national spirit. The experiences of the 
struggle taught us the advantage of one national 
standard for all. To make better Americans of us 
all has been the thought and endeavor of all patri- 
otic persons since guns and gas, shot and shell, sub- 
marine sinkings and airplane raids showed us the 
necessity therefor. 

War 'investments prior to April, 1917, did not 
greatly interest Martin County people. There was 
some money advanced by the purchase of English 
and other Allied war bonds and a very considerable 
amount taken in German securities. The campaign 
selling to Martin County people obligations of the 
German government to meet the terrific cost of the 
conflict was carried on in organized maiiner and 
reached out ambitiously. The number of investors 
in such securities in this county and the sum ad- 
vanced by them is not of course accurately known 



and no official figures can be obtained. Estimates 
by investigators of the subject, however, indicate 
that a considerable nunilier were persuaded to lend 
their good American dollars to Germany. To the 
credit of many of these, be it said, when America 
entered the war they were not inllucnced by their 
money interests but stood by their country and kept 
still about tlieir Berlin investments. A small num- 
ber clearly indicated by their un-American attitude 
that they were willing Germany should win tlie war 
for the sake of the securities they had purchased. 
It is to be regretted this country still gives a 
haven and protection to enemies of tliis sort. 

Feeling, for the most part, tliat the war was a 
thing entirely remote from Martin County, tliat at 
the worst America would only take up arms in her 
own defense to repel an invading force if one was 
foreseen, our people were almost entirely indiffer- 
ent to military or naval preparation during the pre- 
war period. The popular mind believed tliat there 
would l)e ijlenty of time to raise and equip military 
and naval forces in event that we were threatened. 
It seemed im])ossible for our people to believe that 
the international situation would ever rc(|uire that 
our soldiers and sailors be sent to European battle- 
fields. Even the sinking of the Lusitania had little 
effect upon this quiescent attitude. The opinion was 
freely expressed that if Americans saw fit to take 
their chances upon ships in hostile areas they ac- 
cepted their own hazards. On the other hand the 
better informed minority recognized in this tragic 
incident a monstrous affront to America and it was 
this minority which was destined linally to grow 
into a majority and shape public sentiment into 
united defense of national honor and make i)ossi- 
ble alniost universal ac(|uicsccnce in the war meas- 
ures that were so much nearer than many realized. 

The sale of munitions of war by America to the 
Allies was a constant grievance to those favorable 
to the German cause and was loudly protested by 
the German press and propaganda agencies. Our 
people were frankly divided on this issue and many 
persons of the most honest and loyal convictions 
believed that so long as we were a neutral country 
we should not be engaged in such commerce, espe- 
cially since enemies of Germany reaped the side 
advantage, due to the effective English blockade. 
Many protested the traffic on grounds of humanity, 
believing it monstrous that America should profit 
by supplying tlic means whereby the peoples of 
other civilized countries were enabled to destroy 
one another. However, no serious differences arose 
over this issue, the clashes being of opinion only. 
There were no industries in Martin County given 
over to the making of munitions or war supplies, 
wdiich left the situation in this respect less acute 
here than in manufacturing centers. 

There were but few enlistments previous to our 
declaration of war in the service of the Allies and, 
so far as known, none in the German forces, A 
scant h.'ilf dozen young men, impatient at .Xmerica's 
delay, through love of adventure, or because of par- 
ticular personal interest in the struggle, joined the 
Canadian forces early in the war. A considerable 
number believing that sooner or later America would 
enter the struggle, enlisted in the regular army or 
navy of the United States, to make certain that they 
would be among the first to see the combat when 
war did come. 

The issues of the presidential campaign of 1916 
present a practical delineation of the attitude of 
the people of this county toward the war at tliat 
time. Martin County is normally strongly Republi- 
can, and although it had from time to time returned 
majorities for Democratic candidates for governor, 
congressman and lesser ofliccs it liad always sup- 
ported the Republican candidates for president by 
large majorities. 

In I'.ilii f(U- the first time in its history the Dem- 



ocratic candidate, Mr. Wilson, carried the county 
over his Republican opponent, Mr. Hughes. There 
were 1,7,50 votes cast for Wilson and 1,741 for 
Hughes. The Prohibition candidate polled 107 votes 
and the Socialist 88. That the attitude of the Wil- 
son administration toward the war at that time was 
responsible for this strong reversion of the Republi- 
can vote is shown by the result in the contest for 
governor at the same election wherein the normal 
relative strength of the parties is shown. Mr. Burn- 
quist. Republican, received 2.6.51 votes. Mr. Dwyer, 
his Democratic opponent, received 683 votes, but 
it must be conceded that Mr. Dwyer was a weak can- 
didate and did not poll his full party vote. The Pro- 
hibition candidate for governor received 201 votes 
and the Socialist 00. 

No one will deny that in the campaign of 1916 tlie 
predominant desire of Martin County voters was a 
national policy that would prevent the United States 
from being drawn into the European struggle. Mr. 
Wilson had been president for four years and his 
policy of neutrality, patience and "watchful wait- 
ing" and the campaign slogan, "He kept us out of 
war," met with overwlielming approval, as reflected 
in the election figures above quoted. Our people 
were disposed to stand by the President in any policy 
not contravening the national honor in order to 
avoid complicity in a war which at that time was 
not generally believed to seriously concern the United 
States. However, a swift reversal of this attitude 
was to come with tlie events of the early months 
of 1917. 

Relief work for the Belgians and otiier war-strick- 
en peoples was carried on from the early days of 
the conflict. The pitiable plight of ravished Belgium 
especially appealed to our people and generous do- 
nations of money, clothing and food were made 
through the authorized commission. Unfortunately 
no record exists to show to what extent our people 
contributed but it is known that they did respond 
to the appeals on behalf of suffering, destitute Bel- 
gium generously. The response to this appeal how- 
ever was not universal. In some localities pro-Ger- 
man sentiment was so strong that Belgium was ig- 
nored as suffering a deserved fate and propaganda 
was active in endeavors to prove that Belgium had 
suffered only through acts of war on her own part 
against Germany. 

It is undeniably true that even in those early days 
of the conllict before Germany had really begun 
to feel the pinch of hunger and want Martin Coun- 
ty money found its way into Germany for relief pur- 
poses, usually to relatives of people living here who 
had found -America a land of plenty and were willing 
to share their al)undance to some extent with their 
warring kinsmen. There was no general campaign 
for relief work in Germany, England, or any coun- 
try other than Belgium. 

With the announcement in January, 1917, liy Ger- 
many that on and after Feb. 1, 1917, that nation 
would put aside all restraints of law and humanity 
and mercilessly sink with its submarines the sliips 
of all nations aiiproacliing European ports war sen- 
timent here, as well as throughout the nation, be- 
gan to take definite shape. Many who had there- 
tofore shrank from America's intervention openly 
demanded immediate war on Germany as the com- 
mon enemy of all civilization. In the minds of all 
but the most extreme friends of Germany, those 
whose course throu.ghout tlie entire war and since 
marked them as more German than .\merican, there 
came the conviction that tlie hour had struck, that 
now at last the United States was forced from a po- 
sition of neutrality and into the war unless we as a 
nation were willing to play the craven and bow and 
cringe to a ruthless foe. In fact there was clamor 
that we enter the war at once and complaint that 
the President and Congress waited nine long weeks 
before the actual declaration at war. 







CHAPTER II. 



The Declaration of War 



The time between Feb. ]. 1!)17. and .Vpril 6th, 
when war was declared, was perhaps the most try- 
ing in the entire war period. Upon tlie streets in 
private conversation the friends of Germany were 
offensively outspoken, ridiculing the idea that .'\mer- 
ica could throw into the struggle an army for- 
midable to the trained hosts of Germany, point- 
ing out our lack of preparedness, the alleged im- 
possibility of transporting an army and all of its 
supplies and impedimenta overseas, boasting of Ger- 
man superiority and prophesying disaster to the 
United States for inviting destruction at the hands 
of the Prussian war lords. It is remarkable that no 
acts of violence marked the period. Loyal men and 
women showed wonderful forbearance and bided 
the day wlicn .-Vmerica should fully assert lierself to 
her enemies both within and without. That day came 
with the declaration of war on .\pril (ith, 1917. On 
that date the local press carried the text of the joint 
resolution of Congress declaring war, containing 
but 13G words, yet fraught with the power to defeat 
Germany and save the nation and the world from 
frightful autocracy. The te.xt of the War Act fol- 
lows: 

"Wlierens, the Imperial German Government 
has committed repeated acts of war against the 
government and the people of the United States 
of America; therefore be it 

'■Resolved, by the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives of the United States of America, 
in Congress assemljled, that the state of war 
between the United States and the Imperial 
German government which has been thrust 
upon the United States is hereby formally de- 
clared; and that the President be, and he is 
hereby authorized and directed to employ the 
entire naval and military forces of the United 
States and the resources of the government to 
carry on war against the Imperial German gov- 
ernment; and to bring the conflict to a success- 
ful termination all of the resources of the coun- 
try are liereby pledged by the Congress of the 
United States." 

This resolution was passed in the Senate by a vote 
of 8)2 to G, and in the House by a vote of 373 to 50. 

The declaration of war was received with majority 
approval in Martin County. With repeated German 
outrages there had been revulsion of sentiment 
against that country. The time had arrived to be 
pro-.'Vmerican rather than pro-German or French or 
Belgian or British. Our people were ready for the 
issue. Most of those who were of German blood, 
whose natural sympathies in the nearly three years 
of war that had preceded were with their for- 
mer countrymen, now saw that tlieir duty was wholly 
to America, the country in wdiich they had been 
given citizenship and opportunity, the native land 
of their children. -\11 elements of our population, 
whether of European or other extraction, now saw 
clearly the path of loyalty and duty and most of tliem 
elected to follow it faithfully. The declaration ol 
war solidified and unified the people as nothing ever 
had or could do. The time had come to be Amer- 
icans and the word took on new signilicance. 

There was almost immediate cessation of the sen- 
timents of pro-Germanism that had proven so offen- 
sive in preceding months. No one dared longer to 
criticize or condemn the measure to which the na- 
tion had committed itself. .Ml felt that there were 



tremendous duties and difticulties ahead that could 
and would be successfully met. There was confi- 
dence in .•\merica. in the President and the Con- 
gress that no undertaking would prove too great for 
the united people of the United States to accom- 
plish. Our enemies within secluded themselves in 
silence. The public temper would no longer counte- 
nance expressions that it had endured up to the 
time of our actual entry into war. The nation had 
risen in might and majesty to accomplish the sal- 
vation of the world and Martin County people arose 
magnificently to the national requirement, determiiied 
to do fully and well everything required, everything 
possible, to upludd the honor of the nation and bring 
speedy victory to the banners of the .\llies, of which 
she now was one. While this was the attitude of the 
great majority there remained a sullen, silent, dis- 
loyal minority who might annoy and require restraint 
or even drastic punishment but this element was 
never sufficiently strong to form a menace, so long 
as held in check, as it was held in check through 
measures adopted as events progressed. 

The state of Minnesota speedily followed the na- 
tional government in providing proper war measiires. 
Even before the declaration of war the state legisla- 
ture had prejiarcd and was discussing a measure to 
create the "Commission of Public Safety," a body 
endowed witli extraordinary powers and dealt with 
more in detail elsewhere in this work. Under the 
state commission there was organized a branch 
in Martin as in other counties that dealt with all 
war measures other than the mobilizing of the troops, 
which was done under Federal direction through the 
County Draft Board. 

The war was given immediate support by the press 
of the county, every one of the seven newspapers 
lending its columns freely to all war activities. 
There was strong co-operation also from the pulpits 
and public rostrum in the tremendous educational 
work necessary to arouse the people to a realiza- 
tion of their full duty as loyal citizens. 

.\mong the notable war activities which were 
promptly organized in tlie county were the Martin 
County Public Safety .\ssociation, the Liberty Loan 
Committee, the America First Association, the Red 
Cross, War Savings, Y. M. C. .■\., Knights of Colutn- 
bus. Home Guard Company, Motor Corps, Food and 
Fuel .Administrations, whicli are made the subject of 
succeeding chapters. 

So speedily and thoroughly was the county organ- 
ized on a war basis that there was never opportunity 
for organized opposition, even had there been any 
danger or tendency tlicrcto. Throughout the entire 
trying period the authorities had only to deal with 
isolated, individual cases of disloyalty, these most 
frequently due to ignorance or mis-information, and 
never was there any manifestation of any general 
dissension from the general determination to stick 
together as loyal .Americans and win the war as 
speedily as possible. 

A public meeting to obstruct and protest the draft 
law which disgraced a neighboring county attracted 
a small attendance of Martin County people but 
nothing resulted in the way of organized opposi- 
tion to that measure here. For a short time the effect 
of the so-called "New Ulm meeting" created some 
discussion hostile to the draft but Martin County 
had too many loyal people and public officials of 
too fearless and patriotic type to tolerate any sim- 
ilar attempt Iiere. 



CHAPTER III. 

The Call to the Colors 



Martin County young men did not all wait for 
the declaration of war before placing themselves at 
the disposal of the country in tlie struggle that 
tliey believed inevitable. 

During the early months of 1917, prior to the 
passage of the "War Act" about a score sought en- 
listment oflices and enrolled for the army or navy. 
As soon as war was a reality a very considerable 
number began putting tlieir aflfairs in order and 
quietly slipping away to enlist. At that period en- 
listments were open in all branches of the service and 
the j'oung men could elect to serve in whichever 
best suited their inclinations. Some sou'ght the 
army, others the navy or marines. No recruiting 
office was maintained in the county, the prospective 
recruit having to go to Mankato, Albert Lea or the 
Twin Cities to enroll. 

It is believed that the honor of being first to enlist 
after war was declared goes to Lee R. Oles of Tru- 
man. On April 10th he signed up for the infantry 
at the Mankato recruiting office. Oles did not re- 
alize his expectations of service at the front. He 
was sent to a training camp and died of disease. 

Other early enlistments were Hanson Smith of 
Cedar who joined the marines. David Levin, Shcr- 
burn, marines, Thad Allen. Fairmont, marines; \Vm. 
Kauder and Carl Jessen of Fairmont, navy. These, 
and several others enlisted in April, 1917. By May 
1st Lake Fremont township had 14 volunteer en- 
listments in army and navy. In proportion to its 
population this township e.Kcelled all other parts of 
the county in voluntary enlistments, with the ex- 
ception of the village of Ormsby. By May 9th every 
man of military age in that little town had volun- 
teered. A study of the service records of the coun- 
ty, printed elsewhere in this book, will disclose that 
a large proportion of the men from this county were 
voluntary enlistments. 

There existed in Martin County one company of 
National Guard Infantry stationed at Fairmont, 
though many of its members were residents of sur- 
rounding towns and villages. This unit was at that 
time designated Co. E, 2nd Infantry Minnesota Na- 
tional Guard. 

The Fairmont National Guard company had ex- 
isted continuously since May 2, 1882, except for a 
short period after its return from service in the 
Spanish-American War. At the time of the com- 
pany's organization it was officered by ex-soldiers 
of the Civil War. Wm. Bird was Captain, J. A. Ev- 
erett First Lieutenant, and C. H. BuUard Second 
Lieutenant. Many of the enlisted men of that period 
were also veterans of the war of the fiO's. 

During the period 1882-1898 the company, which 
was then Co. D, 2d Infantry, M. N. G., and one of 
the earliest military companies of the state, was 
called to arms but once. That was during a serious 
strike on Minnesota railroads in 1894. Mobilization 
was at the state capitol. Their service was short 
and without casualty or noteworthy incident. 

As Co. D, 12th Minn. Volunteer Inf., the company 
was called to Federal service for tlie Spanish-Amer- 
ican war. Lts experiences at that time are made the 
subject of a chapter in another part of this volume. 

The Spanish-American War saw Co. D converted 
from a national guard to a volunteer organization. 
Therefore when demobilized the unity of the organ- 
ization was lost and for a few years there was no 
National Guard company in Martin County. In 1904 
the company was reorganized as Co. E, 2nd Infantry, 
M. N. G., principally by men who had previously 
served in its ranks in the volunteer service. 

In June, 1916, the company was again called to ser- 
vice on the Me.xican border where it was on duty as 



a national guard unit in Federal service until Jan- 
uary, 1917. This period of its activity is treated 
as a separate subject elsewhere. 

Returning to its home station many of the men 
were discharged on account of removal from the 
company station, dependents and other reasons. 
The coming of war therefore found the company de- 
pleted in numbers and with a call to active combat 
service imminent. 

Co. E did not wait for the declaration before 
opening its recruiting campaign. With the break- 
ing off of diplomatic relations with Germany in 
February, 1917, additional men for the ranks were 
sought and after .\pril 6th a systematic campaign 
was carried on. Recruiting parties, usually with a 
detail of men in uniform, martial music, banners 
and speakers, drove with automobiles to other towns 
— Sherburn, Welcome, Ceylon, Jackson, Truman, 
Winnebago, Wells, Blue Earth, Minnesota Lake, Ma- 
delia. Triumph, and other places and at street meet- 
ings stirred up enthusiasm for enlistments either in 
the National Guard company or the general service, 
and constituted as well a powerful factor in unifying 
public sentiment for the more exacting war expe- 
riences soon to come. J. A. Everett, Civil War vet- 
eran, Albert R. Allen, county attorney, Ex-Senator 
J. E. Haycraft. Alfred Torngren and Arthur M. Nel- 
son, editors, G. A. Sutherland, Rev. I. E. Moody, 
and others gave much service in this campaign as 
speakers. 

Physical requirements for the Co. E recruits were 
much higher than for the general service later. On 
.'Kpril 20th 20 volunteers were examined of whom 13 
were rejected. Ten of the rejected were later ac- 
cepted for service under the draft. The last con- 
siderable increment of recruits for Co. E was se- 
cured on Memorial day when there were 25 enlist- 
ments. This practically filled the ranks though later 
there was an increase in personnel authorized that 
called for a number of additional enlistments that 
were easil}' secured, and before its departure the 
"home company" was compelled to turn down many 
who desired service in its ranks. 

On May 19th the company commander received 
official notice that his command would be called to 
Federal service on July 15th. It was announced that 
the company would be at first mobilized at its home 
station. Preparatory to its departure the men con- 
ducted many dances and other entertainments to 
raise funds for its use in the service. In this they 
were very successful and the public generous. A 
fund of several thousand dollars was readily raised. 
It was of course taken for granted that the company 
would remain intact throughout its service. The 
policy of the government to discourage local units 
in its armies was not then foreseen. 

On July 15th Co. E entered upon the most en- 
joyable period of its service. Under its own home 
olScers, among the home people, it went into camp 
at the Martin County fair grounds, establishing Camp 
William Bird. The camp was named in honor of a 
pioneer Civil War veteran, long prominent in MartiA 
County and tlie first commander of the orignial Fair- 
mont National Guard company. The time at Camp 
William Bird was spent in active military drill, in- 
terspersed with many social diversions, tending to 
make it pleasant for the soldiers, but all chafed under 
the delay in leaving "for the front." It was at all 
times anticipated that the command would depart 
long before the final "marching orders" did actually 
arrive. 

Believing that the time of departure was near at 
hand the people of Fairmont arranged a monster 
farewell for the company on July 29th. It is esti- 



mated that 20,000 people attended. There was a 
great parade and speaking exercises at which Hon. 
Dar Reese of St. PanI was the principal orator. 
The men in uniform were the heroes of the hour and 
enthusiasm and patriotism were at a dizzy height. 

The final separation from the state service came 
on Aug. 5th when, under the selective service act, 
the men were formally discharged from the National 
Guard of the state and drafted into Federal service. 
It was not realized at the time that this was tlie 
beginning of the end of Co. E as a local military 
unit. With the draft into Federal service the de- 
parture of the company was expected daily. Every- 
thing was in readiness but the weeks dra.ggcil on 
and the volunteers saw a large number of selective 
service men move out before they left Camp Wil- 
liam Bird behind. Finally on SeE.t. 2Tth the com- 
mand entrained for Camp Cody. New Mexico. 

On reaching the new camp the company became 
Co. E, 136th Infantry, 34th Division, and complete re- 
organization to conform to new regulations took 
place. Old standards were abandoned and one fea- 
ture of the system was to abolish local units and 
■disintegrate national guard commands. The person- 
nel of an infantry company was increased to 250 men 
with five officers. The company went into service 
with 150 men and three officers. 

Local character began to fade with the assign- 
ing of 100 new men to Co. E at Camp Cody. A few 
of these came from Camp Dodge. Iowa, through the 
selective draft. Others had previously been a part 
of a South Dakota National Guard unit that was 
broken up after entry into Federal service. Officers 
and men were transferred under the new regime re- 
gardless of personal wishes and without reference 
to localities or branches of the service. The per- 
sonnel of the home company quickly changed and 
soon entirely lost local si.gnificance. 

At Camp Cody began a long and heart-breaking 
period of further intensive training, extremely dis- 
heartening to officers and men who had been among 
the first to volunteer and who represented the high- 
•est class of American soldier material. It was not 
until April, 1918, that the first Co. E men were sent 
overseas. At that time four enlisted men were se- 
lected and sent across as replacements. The con- 
viction began to settle down that the company was 
soon to be broken up and the officers and men 
scattered liere and there through the service as re- 
placement troops. 

June, 1918, saw the finish of Co. E so far as its 
identity as a local company is concerned. All of 
the privates were withdrawn to help fill the ranks of 
depleted organizations in France. Of the original 
personnel only the officers and non-commissioned 
officers were left. The privates were rushed across 
the Atlantic and into the ranks of regiments at the 
front. They went to various divisions and nearly 
all participated in the various engagements that oc- 
curred between July 15th and Nov. 11, 1918. 

This disposal of the men of Co. E removed its 
last vestige as a home and national guard unit. The 
ranks were at once refilled with selective service 
men from Texas, New JVIe.xico and other southwest- 
■ern states and the officers and non-coms remaining 
again took up the weary grind of instructing a fresh 
lot of recruits. 

On .August 26, 1918, the entire 34th Division, in- 
cluding Co. E, left Camp Cody on the first leg of 
their journey to the front. They were sent to Camp 
Dix, New Jersey, for immediate emharkation but 
once more the old hoodoo pursued the division. The 
great influenza epidemic hit the command at Camp 
Di.x and delayed departure. Hundreds of men of 
the division died. While the 34th lay in quarantine, 
fighting a foe more subtle and deadly to its per- 
sonnel than the guns of Germany, the other Amer- 
ican divisions were fighting gloriously at St. Mihiel 
and the Argonne. 



Not until Oct. 12, 1918, did Co. E finally embark 
as a unit. On reaching France they were sent to the 
great classification Camp at LeMans, there to be 
finally and completely broken up, oflicers and men 
being sent to various commands in combat service 
but too late to participate in the fighting, the armis- 
tice being at hand. The major part went to the 4th 
Division and spent many months in Germany with 
the Army of Occupation. 

In at least one respect Co. E was fortunate. .Al- 
though its original members served for an average 
of more than two years its losses were small. Only 
one man, Edward J. Troska, was killed in battle. 
But one, Lester C. Personius, died of disease. Sev- 
eral were wounded in battle, the exact number hav- 
ing never been determined. 

A roster of the original members of Co. E ap- 
pears elsewhere, as does a record of its service on 
the Mexican border. 

There were four men from Martin County in an- 
other national guard unit — Headquarters First Minn. 
Inf. Brigade, later 68th Infantry Bri.gade. The ser- 
vice of these men was almost identical with those 
of Co. E. They were: .Arthur M. Nelson, major; 
Marcus F. Day, private, later second lieutenant; Ira 
D. Owen, private, later first lieutenant; William H. 
Moore, corporal. A few enlisted in other national 
guard units. 

No attempt has been made since return from ser- 
vice to reorganize the old National Guard company. 
The members are widely scattered and while the 
company was absent in service their place in the 
Minnesota National Guard was filled by the organi- 
zation at Fairmont of Co. G, 5th Minn. Inf., a unit 
that was not called and which is made the subject 
of a sketch elsewhere in this work. 

There is record of S5 Martin County men who 
enlisted in the navy: 28 in the marines; 8 with the 
Canadians; and about 300 other than members of 
Co. E in the army. ^ . . „ , -c.. 

The first Reserve Ofticers Training Camp at tt. 
Snelling, Minn., interested a large number of Mar- 
tin County young men, mostly with previous mili- 
tary experience, and eager to assume the responsi- 
bility of officers in the new army. E. W. Bird, a 
former National Guard major, was in charge of se- 
lecting applicants from this county. There were 
over twenty applications from Martin County but 
only a small part of these were accepted as the ap- 
plications far exceeded the capacity of the camp. 
Robert E. Porter, Lee C. Prentice. Lyn Houghtalmg, 
Horace G. Day, Henry Gerth and L. W. Bentoti all 
from this county, were graduated with commissions 
in .\ugust, 1917, and at once assigned to active duty. 

The Second Reserve Officers' Training Camp 
opened at Snelling in August. 1917. There were only 
a few places therein open to Martin County men. not 
nearly enough to accommodate all applicants. Henry 
W. Luedtke, Earl Phifer, R. W. Tanner and Robert 
L. Dean were commissioned at the close of this 
school and assigned to active duty. ^ There were no 
candidates for commission from civil life in this 
county in the Third and Fourth schools but a score 
of Martin County men already in military service as 
enlisted men won commissions in these schools. 

Complete and absolutely accurate classification of 
people in military service from the county is im- 
possible. Careful research fixes the number and 
branches represented at the following approximate 
figures: 

Army 1143 

Navy 85 

Marines 38 

Canadians 8 

Nurses, etc 6 

Y. M. C. A 4 

Total 1274 





H 


■iir 






,^/Kl^i^' 


^ 




j 






HK^9Bi|^,i^^^ 


i 


^^ ->i^ 






ll ^^^V* 


L 


HK^ ^V ^v^ ^H 


^Ra. '?^i^^ 


k. 


mi 


jr 


' ^ jr 


■A ^ 




lJI 


1 


1 HT 



MARTIN COUNTY DRAFT BOARD. 

\\illiani S. Carver, sheriff; Private Geo. H. Vetter, enlisted clerk; Henry C. Nolte, county auditor; 
M. C. Dalton, executive clerk; W. J. Richardson, physician. 



Mobilizing the Man Power 



With the declaration of war it became known that 
troops for the prosecution thereof would be raised 
under a selective service system, popularly called 
a draft. Regular army and national guard organ- 
izations already in existence were permitted to re- 
ceive voluntary enlistments up to the number re- 
quired to fill their ranks. It was predetermined by 
the government that the great bulk of the nation's 
man power would be called to service in such num- 
bers and at such times as the emergency might re- 
quire. Never before had this country raised armies 
upon such an enormous scale. To abandon the old, 
time-honored volunteer system, with its picturesque- 
ness and inequalities, was a distinct innovation. 
In all other wars the nation had relied upon the 
spirit of patriotic sacrifice to rally men to the colors 
and, except for a period during the Civil War, this 
reliance on the loyalty of the nation's citizens had 
met with the desired response. 

There was much of historical sentiment connected 
with the volunteer system and to this rather than 
to its injustice and weaknesses the puljlic mind had 
been most accustomed. It was therefore with some 
misgivings that the people viewed the new policy 
and there were doubts at the outset whether or not 
it would prove successful. The war had jirogressed 
but a few weeks before all recognized that a great 
forward step had been taken in the raising of armies. 

As volunteers men served with their "home com- 
panies" under home officers and for limited periods 
of enlistment. These and many other factors made 
for inefficiency rather tlian efficiency. Men chose 
their own branches of the service and a man inval- 
uable in some special position was often found 
serving in the humblest capacity. 

In the emergency of 1917 the United States "ex- 
pected every man to do his duty" without regard 
to rank or station in civil life. If a man was able 
bodied and of military age he was placed at the call 
of his country, to serve wherever he could be best 



used. Though the new system was untried in .\mer- 
ica and viewed by many with distrust and even oppo- 
sition it "worked" beyond the most sanguine ex- 
pectations and under it there was built up in record 
time an army, which man for man, was the peer 
of any similar force the nation or the world has 
ever witnessed. 

It would be error to declare that the selective ser- 
vice act, approved and put into effect May 18, 1917, 
met with universal approval in Martin County. Still 
it was the e-xpression of the will of those the people 
had placed in authority over themselves and by 
nearly all it was readily accepted and acquiesced in. 
True, there were some, a small number in Martin 
County, who continued to the end bitterly opposed 
to a system that required every American to do his 
full military duty but there was no organized oppo- 
sition to the draft in Martin County. On one or 
two occasions when outside agitators endeavored to 
hold public meetings which the authorities believed 
would tend to opposition of the measure and its op- 
erations such meetings were prevented by lawful and 
proper exhibition or application of force. 

.■\s the war progressed all distinction between 
drafted men and volunteers disappeared. The new 
system worked so much better tlian anything ever 
before known, the selected men generally. like those 
who volunteered, accepted service in such a splendid 
patriotic spirit, that the early prejudices and mis- 
givings disappeared. In fact long before the armis- 
tice the original distinctions between regular army, 
national guard and national army had entirely dis- 
appeared, and in fact as well as in name, and there 
was but one force — the armies of the United States, 
where regulars, volunteers and selected men fought 
shoulder to shoulder with equal skill, patriotism and 
heroism. 

The Local Draft Board for Martin County repre- 
sented the federal authority under which the Selec- 
tive Service Act was made effective. Within the 



10 



sphere of their activities the draft board had greater 
authority than was ever before given to local olficials. 

Minnesota and Martin County did not wait for 
the final approval of the Selective Service Act be- 
fore taking up preparations to put it into effect. Ten 
days before the Act was signed by the President, on 
May 9. 1917, Gov. Burnquist, through the Adjutant 
General, designated the men who would constitute 
the Martin County Draft Board. They were: 

William S. Carver, Sheriff. 

Henry C. Nolte, Auditor. 

Walter J. Richardson, Physician. 

On the day of their appointment the Board met at 
Fairmont, organized, and entered upon their duties. 



An immediate call was made for men of clerical 
ability to volunteer as draft registrars in each of the 
precincts of the county. A request was also made 
for township and village authorities to donate the 
use of the usual polling places for purposes of reg- 
istration. On May 10th the Board reported to the 
governor that Martin County was fully organized 
with a complete personnel of registrars and not a 
cent of expense would accrue on account thereof. 
This was also true at the later registration. Thei;e 
were always many more men willing to donate their 
services for this or any war work than were re- 
quired. 

The draft registrars for the county who served 
on the two occasions needed were as follows: 



Precinct. 
East Chain 
Pleasant Prairie 
Center Creek 
Nashville 
Silver Lake 
Fairmont Twp. 
Rutland 
Westford 
Tenhassen 
Rolling Green 
Fraser 
Waverly 
Lake Belt 
Manyaska 
Fox Lake 
Galena 
Lake Fremont 

Jay 

Elm Creek 

Cedar 

Fairmont City — 
First Ward 
Second Ward 
Third Ward 

Sherburn 

Welcome 

Truman 

Granada 

Triumph 

Monterey 

Ceylon 

Ormsby 



Registration of June 5, 1917 
R. W. Nelson 
J. T. McNcrney 

B. A. Burton 
W. W. Adams 
Frank Nowicki 
F. J. Lowe 

A. C. Becker 
W. E. Reinke 

F. F. Peters 
James Lamperd 

G. C. Koch 

T. E. Peterson 
W. W. Wiltse 
Frank Ammann 

C. L. Blanchar 
John H. Hagen 
C. L. Larson 
Oscar L. Larson 
John Rohweddcr 
A. J. Peterson 



.\lex Grant 
E. R. Flygare 
Arthur M. Nelson 
Leo Howard 
J. W. Wolford 
J. D. Griggs 
B. A. Burton 
L. A. O. Stockdill 
Peter W^artman 
R. W. Stewart 
R. H. Mueller 



The first registration, which included all men in 
the county who had reached their 21st birthday and 
had not passed their 31st was held June 5. 1917. 
The total registrants were 2,04(), distributed in the 
several towns and villages as follows: 

East Chain 89 Galena 

Pleasant Prairie ... 67 Lake Fremont 
Center Creek 106 



Nashville 6.3 

Silver Lake 81 

Fairmont Twp 50 

Rutland 

Westford 

Tenhassen 

Rolling Green . . . 

Fraser 

Waverly 66 

Lake Belt 60 

Manyaska 62 

Fox Lake 62 



73 
60 
.5.5 
75 
63 



63 
80 
53 
67 
70 
104 
161 
97 
74 
48 
59 



Jay 

Elm Creek 

Cedar 

Fairmont. 1st Ward 
Fairmont, 2d Ward. 
Fairmont, 3d Ward 

Sherburn 

Welcome 

Truman 

Triumph 40 

Monterey 36 

Ceylon 65 

Ormsby 3 

Note: Later more names were added, making 
the total registration :3,05S. 

Nearly one-half, or to be exact 966, of the 2,058 
registrants claimed exemption at time of registra- 
tion. The grounds on which these claims were 
based were: Dependent relatives, S29; totally dis- 
abled, 12; aliens, 86; alien enemies, 30; all other rea- 
sons, 9. 



Registration of Sept. 12. 1918. 
R. W. Nelson, J. W. Dahl 
J. T. McNerney, A. D. Loring 

B. S. Colton, B. L. Eglin 
W. W. Adams. H. M. Hall 
Frank Nowicki, Chas. Sundberg 
F. J. Lowe, F. C. Gould 

A. C. Becker, J. H. Sprague 
W. E. Reinke, Oscar A. Olson 

F. F. Peters, P. H. Ross 
James Lamperd, M. ^L Travis 

G. C. Koch. Geo. Bulock 
T. E. Peterson, Cecil Cole 

W. W. Wiltse, W. E. Gemmill 
Frank .\mmann, O. W. Kinney 

C. L. Blanchar, Geo. Phillip 
John H. Hagen, Emil Jeppson 
C. L. Larson, E. M. Ostergren 
Oscar L. Larson, R. H. Gemmill 
John Rohwedder. John Carlson 

A. J. Peterson, Albert Hoevet 

Alex Grant, N. R. Bomboy 

E. R. Flygare, G. B. Goetz. Ben Ballou 

Ed VanSlvke. C. H. Patsche, A. B. Loomer 

Chas. Grill, E. E. Risley 

J. W. Wolford, H. W. Ellsworth 

L. J. Hinton, W. G. Hecht 

B. S. Colton, B. L. Eglin 
S. P. Pope 

Alfred F'eterson 

R. W. Stewart. C. E. Champine 

A. G. Dusliinske 



Only one exemption claim was based on religious 
scruples. There was but one colored registrant. He 
claimed exemption which was granted. 

With the registration there was dumped upon the 
draft board a tremendous amount of clerical work 
in copying records, compiling lists, reports, etc. 
There was immediately available without cost to the 
government a large force of volunteer clerks from 
Fairmont, including business and professional men, 
teachers, stenographers, students and others. This 
force was available at all times during the draft 
board's labors and in the aggregate contributed sev- 
eral thousand dollars' worth of free service as their 
part in winning the war. 

The first list of registrants called for examina- 
tion and classification was announced July 20, 1917, 
and numbered 300. From this list Martin County's 
first quota of 151 men was supplied. The first man 
called was William H. Winzcnburg, of Granada. He 
did not appear as lie had already volunteered in the 
navy. Several others proved to be already in ser- 
vice, a number of them in Co. E. 

The first quota was called for examination on Aug. 
7th. The examinations were held at the court house 
in Fairmont. Drs. W. J. Richardson, iGeo. W. 
Dewey and R. C. Hunt conducted the physical ex- 
aminations, assisted by a detail of soldiers from Co. 
E, then in camp at the Martin County fair grounds. 
More than one half of the men examined at this 



n 



time claimed exemption or were rejected for physi- 
cal reasons. Most of the exemption claims were 
by married men though a considerable number 
claimed to be supporting dependent parents. Most 
of the claims of the latter character were without 
proper foundation. A few made claims of myste- 
rious and intangible physical disabilities, which were 
quickly detected as being feigned. Aug. Swanson 
of Sherburn claimed exemption on religious grounds. 
One clergyman was excused. Of those excused for 
physical disqualifications a number were later ac- 
cepted, some of them going into service as volun- 
teers. 

The board examined 214 men at this time. They 
classified as follows: Accepted for service, no ex- 
emption claimed, 92; claimed exemption, 75; rejected 
for physical causes, 34; placed in deferred classi- 
fication, 13; the men summoned to appear numbered 
300. The remaining 86, not accounted for above, 
were either already in service, examined elsewhere 
or not present for other reasons. The average re- 
sult in classification at this examination held good 
with other increments examined at later dates. 

Unfortunately tliere are no official records of the 
Martin County Draft Board a\'ailable for consulta- 
tion, as all papers and supplies were shipped to the 
War Department at Washington at the conclusion 
of the board's activities early in 1919. In all there 
were inducted by the local board about 675 men. 
They left in successive increments for the several 
camps and upon dates as follows: 

Date Camp Number 

Sept. 21, 1917 Camp Dodge, Iowa 70 

Feb. 26, 1918 Camp Dodge, Iowa 72 

April 6, 1918 Cincinnati. Ohio 13 

April 30, 1918 Camp Dodge, Iowa 32 

May 2, 1918 Columbus Barracks, Ohio 16 

May 26, 1918 Camp Lewis. Washington 54 

June 5, 1918 University of Minnesota 9 

June 15, 1918 Valparaiso, Indiana 5 

June 25, 1918 Camp Grant, Illinois 129 

July 26, 1918 Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 57 

Aug. 9, 1918 Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 8 

Aug. 15, 1918 University of Minnesota 6 

Aug. 26, 1918 Camp Grant, Illinois 13 

Sept. 3, 1918 Camp Grant. Illinois 4 

Sept. 5, 1918 Camp Grant, Illinois 39 

Oct. 22, 1918 Camp Forrest, Ga. 35 

Oct. 25, 1918 Camp Cody, N. M. 13 

In addition to the inductions above listed there 
were scattering cases to the number of about 100. 
These numbered voluntary inductions, men inducted 
for other draft boards and a small number who were 
at least technically draft evaders. The latter class 
were nearly all non-residents of the county. About 
25 were checked into service for other boards while 
perhaps 15 Martin County men were inducted else- 
where for the Martin County board. 

Only one man forcibly inducted was convicted as a 
draft evader, so far as known. He was a transient at 
Fairmont, named Steiner. His actual home is sup- 
posed to have been at Milwaukee. He was con- 
victed by court-martial at Camp Dodge and sen- 
tenced to serve a long term. He was pardoned after 
the war ended. Thirty were "constructively in- 
ducted," that is, they did not appear and were certified 
to the department of justice, with all the facts known 
in each particular case. Many and perhaps all the 
men in this class were already in service when their 
names were called so it is doubtful if there are 
among them any who classify as deserters or draft 
evaders. All cases of this character are under in- 
vestigation by the department of justice at the time 
this book is published. 

It is a matter of pride to Martin County that so 
far as has ever been disclosed no man among those 
of her citizens who was in army or navy was ever 
tried for or convicted of desertion. The record is 



that every man, whether volunteer or selected, did 
his full military duty loyally and well. 

Up to Nov. 1, 1917, the three original members 
of the draft board were required to devote nearly 
their entire time to their official duties, to the ex- 
clusion of private affairs. On that date relief was 
given by the assignment of a permanent clerk, se- 
lected for his ability, who was on duty at all times 
until discharged March 1, 1919. This clerk was M. C. 
Dalton, a lifelong resident of the county. He was 
appointed by Governor Burnquist. On Sept. 19. 1918, 
the war department gave further assistance by assign- 
ing to duty in the offices of the board Private George 
H. Vetter of Mankato. Private Vetter was a lim- 
ited service soldier, a former banker, and an expe- 
rienced and competent clerk. He remained on duty 
until discharged in February, 1919. 

In January, 1918, a valuable voluntary adjunct to 
the draft board activities was added by the forma- 
tion of training classes in Fairmont. The movement 
was inaugurated on Jan. 23, when 334 young men 
from all parts of the county were feted and instructed 
at the county seat. Classes were organized in special 
branches with competent volunteer civilian instruct- 
ors and the rudiments of military drill were given. 
Over 200 selected men took advantage of this in- 
struction, which they found of the greatest value to 
them when called to service later. 

The second registration was held June 5, 1918, 
when all men of the county who had attained their 
21st birthday since the first registration were required 
to appear before the draft board and be listed. A 
second similar registration was held on .\ug. 24. 1918. 
On Sept. 12, 1918, there was a general registration at 
all of the polling places in the county for men be- 
tween the ages of 18 to 21, and 31 to 45. In this 
registration many fathers and sons registered to- 
gether, also many men who already had sons in the 
service. None of the men registered at this time 
were ever called. The total registration of the coun- 
ty was as follows: 

Date Age No. 

June 5, 1917 21 to 31 2058 

June 5, 1918 21 179 

Aug. 24, 1918 21 44 

Sept. 12, 1918 18-21 31-45 2370 

Total registrants 4651 

The board was in practically continuous session 
from its creation May 9, 1917, until the armistice. 
No day passed that it did not have its duties and 
problems. Its members were often called out of 
their beds to hear some applicant's plea for exemp- 
tion or deferred classification or some similar mat- 
ter. Their duties were always performed with jus- 
tice and good judgment and their conclusions were 
seldom overruled by the district board of other high- 
er authority. At the termination of their duties they 
were highly commended in a special communication 
from General E. H. Crowder, the Provost Marshal 
General. 

When the armistice came their active duties ended. 
There was at that time a quota of 14 men in readi- 
ness to send to camp but this order was cancelled. 
For several weeks following Nov. 11, 1918, the of- 
fices of the board at the Martin County Court 
House, the use thereof donated by the county com- 
missioners, remained open in charge of Chief Clerk 
Dalton. There were numerous and voluminous re- 
ports to make, records to be classified and cliecked, 
supplies to pack and the general loose ends of the 
organization cleaned up. Finally in February, 1919, 
the final inspection and O. K. was made by an offi- 
cer from the office of the Provost Marshal General 
and the records shipped to Washington. With the 
discharge of Chief Clerk Dalton March 1, 1919, the 
draft board ceased to e.xist, with a record of onerous, 
exacting and oftentimes unpleasant duties, faith- 
fully and well performed. 



12 



CHAPTER IV. 



Martin County Men and Women in the Service 



From the standpoint of mental, moral and physical 
qualifications no finer personnel was foimd in any 
of the forces engaged in the World War than that 
which came from Martin County. It was found by 
official records compiled by the Provost Marshal 
General that the Mississippi valley states, which in- 
clude Minnesota, furnished men of higher physical 
and mental types than any other part of the nation. 
Minnesota and Martin County stand at the very top 
in this favored area in which America's man power 
is proven at its best. In Martin County less than 
20 per cent of the men called under the selective 
draft were found physically or otherwise disqual- 
ified. In some of the far western and New England 
states the percentage of rejections was as high as 
50 per cent. The high standard of the men from 
Martin County is admittedly due to the almost ideal 
conditions of climate, vocation and education that 
tend best to develop the finest physiques and men- 
talities. 

Illiteracy was negligible among the Alartin Coun- 
ty men. It amounted to much less than one per 
cent. Mental qualifications were exceptionally high 
when compared with the country at large. About 
95 per cent of the men had attained the si.\th grade 
or higher in their educations. The average age of 
the men on entering service was close to 23 years. 
Many enlisted at an age under 21, some as young as 
seventeen and less. There are among the volun- 
teers about a dozen who had reached forty or over. 
The oldest to serve was 47. 

All of this county's service men were of the white 
race. Nearly all were American born but instances 
are fairly numerous where the service man was na- 
tive of a foreign country. Of the foreign born there 
were more from the Scandinavian countries than 
elsewhere. Other countries whose sons served as 
American soldiers from here are England, Russia, 
Greece and Germany. It was noticeable that few 
non-citizens of draft age claimed exemption on that 
ground. About thirty soldiers completed their nat- 
uralization in the service and a few were discharged 
still citizens of a foreign country, completing their 
citizenship after discharge. A very high percent- 
age of the men were born and had lived all their 
lives in Martin County. 

More of the men were of German parentage than 
of any other nationality. Next in number were those 
whose parents had emi,grated from Sweden. Other 
countries appearing numerously in the extraction of 
the soldiers and sailors are Norway, Denmark, Ire- 
land and Poland. A smaller number were from fam- 
ilies originating in England and Canada, and there 
were isolated instances representing other coun- 
tries. But regardless of what nation their forebears 
may have come from, all entered the service of this 
country as real Americans and as such tliey splen- 
didly acquitted themselves. 

Being a distinctively rural community the farms 
of Martin County gave more than half of the men 
who went into service. Every trade, business and 
profession furnished recruits. The professions were 
represented far in excess of their proportionate num- 
ber. 

It is interesting to note that only in a single in- 
stance was a father and son found serving from 
Martin County. From each of twenty homes three 
brothers went into service. There were 128 pairs 
of brothers, in three instances the pairs being twins. 
Three families sent four sons. 

Aside from the company of National Guard that 
entered service as a unit at Fairmont few of the men 



had previous military experience. More than half 
of the Guard company were recruits. A small num- 
ber had received some training in college cadet com- 
panies. There were a very few men who had served 
previous enlistments in the regular army and some 
others who had formerly trained in the National 
Guard. Three men had served in the Spanish-Amer- 
ican war. 

Forty-seven Martin County men served as officers, 
five of these in the navy. Four entered service with 
commissions in the National Guard, which were con- 
firmed by the war department. One other had 
served previously as a National Guard officer. The 
others were wholly without previous experience 
with commissioned rank though of those commis- 
sioned in the service fifteen had served in the Na- 
tional Guard, nearly all as non-commissioned officers. 
Twenty-nine of those commissioned graduated from 
reserve officers' training schools. One was commis- 
sioned from the ranks on recommendation of his 
commanding officer. Eight obtained their grade 
on their civil qualifications as phj'sicians, two as 
veterinarians and two as dentists. One was com- 
missioned direct from civil life. The number in va- 
rious commissioned grades were as follows: 

Majors l Second Lieutenants ...21 

Captains 10 Ensign 3 

First Lieutenants ....12 

Twenty-three of these officers were in the infan- 
try, which includes service with machine gun com- 
mands. Seven were in medical service with the army 
and two with the navy. Two were army dentists 
and two veterinarians with the artillery. Three 
were commissioned in the air service, three in the 
navy, and one each in the adjutant general's depart- 
ment, signal corps, artillery, cavalry and quarter- 
master corps. 

The men of the county were distributed through- 
out every branch, department and special unit in 
the service. Naturally much tlie greater number 
went to the infantry. Co. E, 136th Infantry, 34th 
Division, was originally comprised almost entirely 
of Martin County men but becoming a replacement 
unit the command lost its identity late in the war. 
Large numbers of the selective service men went 
originally to the 88th Division, but to a large extent 
were transferred to the 30th and other Divisions. A 
number equally large were assigned to the 86th 
Division, many of these being used on arrival in 
France as replacements for the 77th, 78th and other 
Divisions. A considerable increment were assigned 
to the 91st Division, many of them being transferred 
however, to the 40th. Other divisions in which the 
county was well represented were the 33rd, 42nd 
and 87th. The 54th Pioneer Infantry contained 
about fifty Martin County men, nearly all in Head- 
quarters Company. 

.\rtillery men from here were found most numer- 
ously in that arm of the 86th Division. Through 
transfer many formerly in the infantry finally filled 
the ranks in the artillery of the 33d Division. 

Study of the individual records forming a part of 
this chapter will disclose that Martin County was 
represented in nearly every division organized, as 
well as in numerous non-divisional organizations. 

The training camps in the United States at which 
our men in considerable numbers were prepared for 
combat service were many and widely distributed. 
The camps receiving the largest number were: Cody, 
New Mexico; Dodge, Iowa; Grant, Illinois; Lewis, 
Washington; Kearney, California; Sevier, S. C; 
MacArthur, Logan and Travis, Texas. However, 



13 



there was no concentration camp in tlie country that 
was not reached at some period by Martin County 
men. 

Records have been compiled on l,3(i.'i men and 
women of Martin County who were in military ser- 
vice. This number is not claimed as absolutely ac- 
curate as no records exist from which the exact num- 
ber can be determined. Definite place of residence 
cannot in every case be determined and there are 
other minor elements of uncertainty. .\lIowing for 
all such contingencies the figure given can be taken 
as substantially accurate. 

Martin County's population in 1917 is estimated at 
20,000. It follows therefore that the proportion of 
persons in service was about one in sixteen. 1,14;! 
were in the army. 85 in the navy, 28 in the marines, 
8 in the Canadian forces and T women nurse?. 

Rather more than 50 per cent saw service with the 
American Expeditionary Forces. The preliminary 
training period varied greatly. Many of those who 
departed early in the war remained in U. S. camps 
for a year or more before embarking. Some served 
as long as two years without leaving the States. 
Later draft increments, notably that of July 26, 1918, 
spent scarcely a month in training on this side be- 
fore finding themselves at the front. 

The earliest of our men to see action at the front 
were those in the 1st, 2nd and 42nd Divisions, who 
first went under fire in February and Marcli. 1918. 
Their numbers were inconsiderable. The Somme 
Defensive, Lys, .\isne, Montdidier-Xoyon, Cham- 
pagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, Somme Offensive and 
Oise-Aisne, which actions occurred successively from 
March 21st to August 18th, saw our boys at the 
battle front in increasing numbers. Our first wound- 
ed appeared in the casualty lists for June and the 
first battle deaths occurred in July. It was not un- 
til St. Mihiel, Sept. 12 to 16, that our men were en- 
gaged in large numbers. That offensive brought 
Martin County but few casualties. The great 



Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept. 26 to Nov. 11th, saw 
the maximum participation in the fighting by Mar- 
tin County soldiers and it was in this struggle that 
most of our battle deaths occurred. 

On every front, including the Italian and in Si- 
beria there were men whose homes are here. After 
the armistice several hundred marched into Ger- 
many with tlie Army of Occupation. Some were as- 
signed to Prisoner of War Escort companies and 
remained in France for a year after the armistice. 

By August 1, 1919, nearly all had returned home. 
Since that date there have been scattering arrivals 
and at the time this is written, July, 1920, scarcely a 
dozen remain with the colors, only two of whom are 
known to be still abroad. 

Fifty of the county's young men gave their lives 
in tlie service, forty-nine of these in the army and 
one in the navy. But one officer lost his life. 
Twenty-eight of the deaths were caused by disease, 
twenty were killed in action and two met accidental 
death. Twelve died at various camps in the United 
States, the remainder abroad. All but one of the 
deaths by disease were from pneumonia and most 
of these deaths occurred in October and November, 
1918, during the influenza epidemic. So far as 
known but one Martin County man was taken pris- 
oner. The number of wounded is not definitely 
known but approximates 150, whicli includes gas 
casualties. 

About a score returned permanently disabled from 
wounds. The other wounded made complete re- 
covery. About one hundred have developed per- 
manent disability through disease contracted in the 
service. 

Following is the complete alphabetical roster of 
Martin County people who were connected with anj' 
branch of the military service. Army, navy, marines, 
Canadians, service women and Y. M. C. A. secre- 
taries are listed in separate sections. 



ARMY 



Abel, Charles C. 
Adams, Lee 
Adams, Vernon 
Agerbeck, Soren 
Albert, Ernest L. 
Aldrich, Mack 
yAlexander, Ivan G. 
Allen, Arthur C. 
Allen, Harry 
Allen, Leo 
Allen, William W. 
Aim, Fred C. 
.Alsworth, Malcom C. 
Ammann, Gilbert J. 
Anderson, Albert E. 
Anderson, Alfred J. 
Anderson, Andrew 
Anderson, Andrew E. 
Anderson, Andrew L. 
Anderson, Clifford T. 
Anderson, Eskil A. 
Anderson, Eskil E. 
Anderson, Herbert C. 
Anderson, Hjalmar G. 
Anderson, Hjalmar H. 
Anderson, James C. 
Anderson, Jens C. C. 
Anderson, John V. 
Anderson, Lars A. 
Anderson, Lloyd R. 
Anderson, Nels P. 
Anderson, Thomas J. 
Anderson, Thor G. 
Andross, Roy L. 
Antonson, Albert E. 



.•\ntonson, Gustaf 
Antonson, Ivar 
Appelquist, Henry E. 
Armstrong, Allen C. 
Aronson, Anton 
Atwood, Allen E. 
Axford, Harold 
Bagley, Carl E. 
Bagley, Wellington S. 
Bailey, Lyn R. 
Bair, Franklin A. 
Baker, George W. 
Banke, Leonard 
Rarowiak, Joseph 
Barnes, .Arthur J. 
Barnett, Lyn A. 
Bartling, George A. 
Barto, Leroy A. 
Barto, Ralph 
Bassett, Glen 
Bassett, Leroy 
Bassett, Osker 
Bassett, Jay P. 
Bates, Frank R. 
Battern, Norman O. 
Beckendorf, Edward C. 
Beckendorf, Ernest H. 
Becker, Lyle E. 
Becker, Walter J. 
Becker, William A. 
Behrens, Henry G. C. 
Benjamin, Thomas E. 
Bennett, Richard T. 
Benton, Loren W. 
Benway, Frank A. 



Berg, .\rthur E. 
Berndtson. Johan C. 
Bird, Robert W. 
Blachowski, Peter J. 
Blanck, Carl G. 
Bleakley, Joseph W. 
Blencoe, Claud H. 
Boesch. John A. 
Bochncn, George F. 
Bonek, Emil R. W, 
Bomboy, Homer D. 
Boosalis, Gus A. 
Boosalis, Gus C. 
Bork, Albert M. 
Bork, Max D. 
Bork, Theo. A. 
Boyce, Harold J. 
Boyce, William R. 
Boynton, Floyd R. 
Braun, Edward C. 
Bradfish, Walter J. 
Brecht, Arnold W. 
Brinkman, .'Vdolph G. 
Brinkman, Henry W. 
Brinkman, Herman H. 
Brinkman, Julius 
Brix, Fred G. 
Brix, John P. 
Brock, Robert P. 
Brockman, George P. 
Brockman, Ralph R. 
Brockman, Raymond S. 
Brockman, Sidney M. 
Brodt, Chester H. 
Brolsma, Herman 



Bronson, Hugh E. 
Brooks, Dale L. 
Brooks, W. Donald 
Brown, Arvid 
Brown, Ernest G. 
Brown, Harold H. 
Brown, Harold L. 
Brown, Hume W. 
Brown, Keith M. 
Brummond, Rooert J. 
Broun, Archibald C. 
Broun, Percy H. 
Brutsch, George C. 
Buchanan, Jesse W. 
Buckholz. Vincent A. 
Buggy, George F. 
Burgess, William J, 
Burns, Arlo E. 
Burnson, Cornell 
Burton, Leonard V. A. 
Bush. George 
Butler, Donald E. 
Butler, Jesse D. 
Campe, Oscar A. 
Cameron, Daniel L. 
Campbell, John N. 
Canon, Clarence H. 
Carey, Herbert L. 
Carlberg, John H. 
Carlson, .^mos 
Carlson, Andrew 
Carlson, Carl A. 
Carlson, Carl J. 
Carlson, David 
Carlson, Edward C. 



14 



Carlson, Frank N. 
Carlson, George D. 
Carlson, Johannes E. 
Carlson, Ruben C. 
Carlson. William H. 
Carrol, Michael J. 
Carrol, Patrick L. 
Carpenter, Lloyd A. 
Carver, Walter F. 
Cassidy, John M. 
Catlin, Allin 
Celander, Vcnner A. 
Champine, Earl W. 
Champine, Percy L. 
Chantland, H. D. 
Cheenev, Frank 
Chesley, Albert B. 
Christian, Ceorge S. 
Christian, Joe W. 
Christian. O. C. 
Christensen, And. M. L. 
Christensen, Iven H. 
Christensen, Jens A. 
Christianson, Harold 
Clark, Harry 
Clausen, Axel R. C. 
Clemetson. Theodore 
Clifford, Edwin J. 
Clifford, Frank M. 
Clifford, Henry W. 
Cole, Vernie R. 
Comstock. Vernon L. 
Conlin, Arthur 
Cook, Burns E. 
Cook, Donald H. 
Cook, Walter K. 
Corbin, Murray 
Cordes, Carl G. 
Cordes, Henry H. 
Cory, Keith M. 
Cory, Quimby A. 
Cotton, Harold F. 
Coult, Lyman H. 
Craig, Claude A. 
Cronin, Earl 
Crooker. Harold N. 
Crooker, Sylvan J. 
Culshaw. Robert 
Currier. Cyrus P. 
Curtis, Thomas H. 
Dafifer, Freeman W. 
Daffer, Ray H. 
Dahnke, Louis A. 
Damgaard. John T. H. 
Dammann, Christian J. 
Dammann, Henry 
Daniels, Earl B. 
Davey, Louis E. 
Davis, Clarence E. 
Davis, Nord W. 
Day, Horace W. 
Day, Marcus F. 
Dean, Robert L. 
Decker, William N. 
Deering, Frank .A. 
Deinhardt, Charley 
Deunsing, Elmer F. 
De Vries, John F. 
Dewey, George W. 
Dibble, Ray B. 
Dickman, Willie 
Diehl, Alvin L. 
Diehl, Ulysses R. 
Diekman, Edward C. 
Diekman, Henry 
Diekman, Louis H. 
Ditsworth, Lawrence E. 
Dittman, Otto 



Doms, Wesley E. 
Donovan, Edward F. 
Donovan, George J. 
Dorothy, Glen G. 
Dougherty. Frank E. 
Downey, John C. 
Downey, Samuel V. 
Drager, John A. 
Drager, Roy W. 
Drake, Harry M. 
Drewes. Fred W. 
Drewes, Henry F. 
Duncan, Dolphy H. 
Dukes, Amos 
Duval, Logan 
Ebeling, Frederick D. 
Eckerson. Carl A. 
Eckmann, Henry J. 
Eckmann, William H. 
Edwards, Harold G. 
Edwards. Harrison P. 
Edwards. Jack C. 
Edwards. John 
Edwards, Kenneth F. 
Edwards, William J. 
Ehn, Gust E. 
Ehn. Thure F. 
Eisenmenger. R. F. 
Ekstrand. Artluir L. 
Ellis, William A. 
Ellworth. Leo J. 
Ericson. August H. 
Erickson, C. E. 
Erickson, Ever L. 
Erickson. George C. 
Ewen. Elmer J. 
Faber, Pierre C. 
Fallert. Robert P. 
Farm, Andrew A. 
Farm, Clarence E. 
Feeley, Frank J. 
Feeley, Roy B. 
Fenrich, Fred A. 
Fenrich, William J. 
Fenton, Charley 
Fillmore, Albert E. 
Findlcy, Gain R. 
Findley, Joe D. 
Fitz. Howard K. 
Fitz. O. E. 
Fstzsimmons, Carl P. 
Fitzsimmons. Earl P. 
Flo. Floyd F. 
Flo. Regnald R. 
Fogarty. Edward C. 
Fogarty. Eugene J. 
Foley. William T. 
FoUette. Simon A. 
Fokheim. Amos M. 
Forsberg, C. J. 
Forstrom. Edward C. 
Forstrom. Leonard W. 
Foss, Cyril B. 
Fowler, Harland E. 
Frank, George C. 
Frederick, L. E. 
Frederiksmose, Ainer J. 
Freeman. Lynn A. 
Freer. Glen O. 
Freitag, William A. 
French, Willis R. 
Frieberg. Walter A. 
Fritz, Walter 
Gardner, Asa T. 
Gardner, Benj. H. 
Gardner, Rex 
Garry, Lee F. 
Gaworski, Leo 



Gerstman. Emil 
Gerstman. Gustav 
Gerth, Edwin P. 
Gerth, Henry J. 
Gideon, Fremont 
Gideon, Nason E. 
Gieseke. Henry C. 
Gilbertson. Melville C. 
Gilnian, Lawrence B. 
Goering. Jerome J. 
Goerndt. Charlie P. 
Goetz. Roland O. 
Goetz. Temple M. 
Goraczkowski, John M. 
Gordon, Clinton C. 
Gordon. Harry 
Gordonier. Oliver C. 
Gould. Calvin H. 
Gould. Edwin G. 
Gould. Howard F. 
Gould, Orrin E. 
Gradberg. Ernest G. 
Gragensky. Nathan 
Graham. Wesley H. 
Grant, Chester C. 
Grant, William C. 
Graue, A. 
Gray, Herbert E. 
Greeley, Ivan S. 
Greenig. Merlin D. 
Grefe, Theodore F. 
Greupner, Fred H. 
Grewe, Lewis E. 
Grewe, William H. 
Griflfis, Gordon O. 
Groom. Abe 
Grossman. Herbert O. 
Groth. Alfred E. 
Groth. Herman A. 
Groth. Walter H. 
Guest, Clinton O. 
Gunderslev. Chris 
Gustavson. Laurence 
Haeckel, Chris A. 
Hagen. Christ C. 
Hall, Raymond B. 
Hall. Robert C. 
Hall. William F. 
Hallgren. Frank H. 
Hallstrom. Albert 
Halterman. Earl 
Hamblen. Clarence C. 
Hanley, Lester E. 
Hanneman, Phil. G. 
Hansen, Christian 
Hansen, Niels 
Hansen. Peter C. 
Hanson. Carl B. 
Harder. Henry A. 
Harnden. Chester L. 
Harnden. Sidney P. 
Haraldson, Ivar A. 
Hartman, Elmer 
Hartman. Martin F. 
Hassing, Roy L. 
Hastings, Charles E. 
Hayworth, Werley J. 
Heasley. John O. 
Heft. Mathew 
Heiges. David W. 
Hein. Adolph H. 
Helgilund. John 
Helgilund, Nels 
Helle, Clark 
Helmke. Ruben C. R. 
Hendrickson, Chris L. 
Henton, Bernie C. 
Herrmann. John M. 



Herrmann, Siegfried F. 
Hervey, Ray H. 
Hextell, Bernard 
Hildebrand. Carl 
Hilgendorf. Emil W. 
Hilken, William J. 
Hill, Arthur A. 
Hill. Ray M. 
Hiller, Otto H. 
Hillman, Edward J. 
Hines. Cecil J. 
Hines, John F. 
Hines. Lyle W. 
Hines. Theodore J. 
Hines. William A. 
Hines. William H. 
Hinton, John H. 
Hinz, John 
Hinz, William C. 
Hoffman, Albert E. 
Hokanson, Wilhelm 
Holden, Christian F. 
Holden. John 
Holden. Otto M. 
Hollett. Willis 
Holmstrom. Edward 
Holtz. Roy 
Hoover, Frederick L. 
Houfer, Henry F. 
Houfer, Martin T. 
Houghtaling, .And. L. 
Howard. Fred E. 
Howard, John L. 
Howard, Joseph W. 
Howard. Leo 
Howard. Marshal L 
Howell. David S. 
Hudson, .\lbert H. 
Hudson, Clarence 
Huemoellet, Carl A. 
Huffman. John 
Hughes, Harry O. 
Hulbert. Loman T. 
Hunt, Walter H. 
Hunte, August F. 
Hurt, Barney R. 
Hybbert. William T. 
Hyde. Lloyd E. 
Hytry, Peter J. 
Ireland. J. M. 
Jacobsen. Nels C. 
Jahn. Jolm R. 
James. Clifford 
Jardine. .Archie W. 
Jeffries. Clair N. 
Jeffries. Roy D. 
Jensen, Anton 
Jensen. Arthur P. 
Jensen, Nels W. 
Jernberg, Fridolph J. 
Jernberg. Gus H. 
Jernberg. Hjalmer E. 
Jerrow. Robert J. 
John, Talley E. 
Johnson, Albert J. 
Johnson, Arvid G. 
Johnson, August W. 
Johnson, Chris 
Johnson, Clarence M. 
Jolmson, Donald M. 
Johnson, Edward M. 
Johnson, Fred J. 
Johnson, Henry R. 
Johnson, John 
Johnson, John 
Johnson, John W. 
Johnson, Lawrence 
Johnson, Oscar L. 



15 



Jokie. H. H. 

Jones, Arthur 

Jones, Ernest 

Jones, Frank O. 

Jones, Glenn A. 

Jones. John E. 

Jorgenson, Christian S. 

Jorgensen, Eli M. 

Jorgenson, Harry A. 

Juhl, Chris H. 

Kahler, Freddie H. 

Kahler, Edward L. 

Kahler. Harry H. 

Kantack. Bennie P. 

Kantack. Joseph 

Kasperson, Louie M. 

Kaminski. Frank 

Keeler, Williarh N. 

Keith. Lester 

Keithahn, Ralph D. 

Kellander, Knute S. 

Kellerman, William F. 
Kelh'. Edward P. 
Kellv, James E. 
Kelly. Thad E. 
Kelz, Andrew C. 
Kent. Clarence E. 
Kennedy. Josepli A. 
Kennedy. John P. 
Kesler, Paul S. 
Kessler, Frank 
Kibbe. Lawrence E. 
Kietzer. Edwin A. 

Kilbride. Leo 
Kitzerow. Elmer H. 
Kleinschmidt, A. E. 
Kleinschmidt, G. A. 
Klenz, Walter F. 
Klug, Paul C. 
Klusendorf. Henry R. 
Klusendorf. Herman F. 
Knockenus. Fred 
Knoll. Edward E. 
Knoll. Fred J. 
Knudsen. Knute C. 
Knuth. William E. 
Koch, John 
Koch. Louis E. 
Koenecke. Charlie 
Koerner. William H. 
Kolb, Otto H. 
Korolewski, Stanley A. 
Kotewa. Stanlej' E. 
Kraft. George AL 
Kramer, August E. 
Kramer. Carl C. 
Krause. Oswald O. 
Kroenke. H. O. 
Krueger, Chas. L. 
Krcuger, Herman P. 
Krumholz, Elbert E. 
Krumholz, John 
Krumholz, Louis J. 
Kruniwiede, Otto A. 
Kruse, Claude J. 
Kruse, Lloyd R. 
Kruse. Vernon M. 
Kuether. Herbert F. 
KulTcI. Felix J. 
Kujuwa. John 
Kumle. Anton C. 
Kuntz, Roy F. 
Ladd. Edgar J. 
Ladd. Sherman A. 
Lade. Louis C. 
La Due. Jay B. 
Lande. Elmer D. 
Landsteiner, Joseph 



Lane, Ertle C. 

Langeland, Henry O. 

Lappin. Basil F. 

Lappin, Cletus C. 

Larsen, George A. 

Larsen, Holger A. 

Larsen, Nels E. 

Larson, Soren V. 

Larson, Albin F. 

Larson, Albert H. 

Larson, Carl 

Larson, Hjalmar 

Larson, Milton J. 

Larson, Olaf A. 

Larson. Oscar H. 

Lasker, Max M. 

Lasker, Milton 

Lavrence, Edward G. 

Lauer, Louis J. 

Laursen. Christ 

LefFingwell. Elmer J. 

Lee, Gisle J. 

Lee, Royal E. 

Lehman. Edward G. 

Leibfried. Frank M. 

Lemke. Albert 
Lemke. Otto L. 
Leng, Leor E. 
Leonard. LaVere 
Lesch. Arthur C. 
Levik. Reinert 
Lewellen. Harvie R. 
Lewis. Cecil 
Lewis, Ralph W. 
Lidtke. Edwin A. 
Lindel. Emil 
Lindell. Harry G. 
Lintelman. W. F. J. 
Livingston. James V. 
Lockard. Lloyd C. 
Lofstedt. Einar S. 
Loomer, Herbert D. 
Looney, Louis K. 
Lorig, Fred ^L 
Loring. Ray S. 
Lowe. R. C. 
Lubenow, Fred H. 
Luedtke, Gustav H. 
Luedtke, Henry W. 
Lundberg. Carl A. 
Lundgren. Paul W. 
Lyons. Andrew M. 
Maass. William B. 
Maday, Constantine M. 
Maday, Frank S. 
Madge. Charles H. 
Madsen. Andrew M. 
Alagnu'son, Fred A. 
IMagnuson. George H. 
Maillard, Julius M. 
Malmen, John 
Male, Herbert H. 
Malherek, Joseph 
Malherek. Peter E. 
Malherek, Robert M. 
Mangun, George R. 
Mangun, Gordon J. 
Marley, Ernest L. 
Martens. George H. 
Martin, Edwin 
Martin, Jake 
Maschoff, Arthur H. 
Maschoff. Paul A. 
Masters, William C. 
Matson, Charles C. 
^latson, Sidney S. 
^Latthias, August E. 
Mattoon, Arthur E. 



Mauris, Joseph C. 
McCarron, Basil W. 
^IcCarron, JNIillard A. 
McCormick. Ralph 
McCotter, William J. 
McCune. Robert H. 
McDermott, George H. 
McDonough. Bart E. 
!\IcFarland. Harry M. 
Mclalwain, Clarence L. 
McMahon. Frank L. 
McMurtry, Orlo L. 
McNea, Percy L. 
!McNerney, John L. 
Aleddy. Arthur 
Memborg. Anthony 
Meyer. Alvin H. 
Jleyer, August 
Mej'er, August L. 
Meyer, Carl A. 
Meyer, Fred W. 
Meyer, Harry C. 
Meyer, William C. 
Meyer. William H. 
Michelsen. Alfred W. 
Mikelson. Helmer 
Milbrandt. Alvin P. 
Milbrandt, Edward C. 
Milbrandt, Edwin B. 
Miller. Bert W. 
Miller. Cecil E. 
Miller. Harry E. 
:\Iiller, Harold G. 
Miller, Henrv F. 
Miller, John A. 
Miller, L. L. 
:\riller. Leslie M. 
Miller, Lvle B. 
Miller, Ralph D. 
Miller. William H. 
Miller, William R. 
Minick, Roy W. 
Minor, Harry H. 
^^itchel!, James C. 
Mittelstedt, Alfred 
Moeller, Alvin E. 
Molesky. John 
Moody, Truman M. 
Monk. Otto O. 
Moore. Howard R. 
Moore. John L. 
Moore, ^'irgil E. 
Moore, Wilbur C. 
Moore, William H. 
Morgan, Alfred L. 
^lorrow, James G. 
Murra\-. Donovan D. 
Murray, George G. 
Musser, Clair W. 
^lussman, Vernon C. 
Mj'ers, Frank A. 
Myhr. Henry 
Narum. Oscar G. 
Nassen, Adolph J. 
Nelson, Arthur E. 
Nelson, Arthur J. 
Nelson, Arthur M. 
Nelson, Oscar L. 
Nelson. Victor R. 
Neunschwander, Albert 
Neumann. Henry J. 
Neumann, Theodore F. 
Nielsen. Albert 
Nielsen, Christian J. 
Nielsen, Holger 
Nielsen, Louis 
Nielsen, Otto 
Nielsen, William 



Nicholson, Edof 

Niss. Henry F. 

Nolte. Harold H. 

Nordhausen, August H. 

Nordhausen, Ernest A. 

Nottoson. Ole 

Nowak. John M. 

Nowak, Tony 

Nugent, Edward A. 

Nugent, Thomas J. 

O'Conner, Frank M. 

O'Donnell. Edward C. 

Oles, Lennie L. 

Oliver, Chauncey R. 

Olsen, Abram C. 

Olsen, Tore 

Olson. Alfred 

Olson, Adolph E. 

Olson. Emmett H. 

Olson. Erwin V. 

Olson, Gust 

Olson, Herman 
Olson, John A. 
Olson, John V. 
Olson, L. E. 
Olson. Richard A. 
Olson. Thorkel V. 
Oltman. Henry J. 
Oltman, Oscar H. 
Oltman, Willie H. 
Oselius. Arthur 
Ostgaard, Holger 
Owen, Ira D. 
Owen, William F. 
Packard, Silas M. 
Palmer, Clyde W. 
Palmer, Major O. 
Palmer, Ray G. 
Palmer, Reuben W. 
Parisch. Artlnir 
Park. Earl E. 
Parker, Ora E. 
Parsons, Harvey R. 
Patche, Elmer J. 
Patterson, Clarence L. 
Pauling, Arthur 
Payne, Aubrey C. 
Payne, Cady L. 
Payne, Floyd 
Pearson, Jake 
Pedersen, Cris 
Pedersen. Iver C. 
Pedersen. Jens S. 
Perrin, Ernest L. 
Persson, Einar 
Perry, Lyle A. 
Personius, Andrew S. 
Personius, William C. 
Personius, William H. 
Persons, Lee 
Peters. Albert A. 
Petersen. Fred N. 
Peterson, Albert O. 
Peterson, Andrew 
Peterson, Andrew 
Peterson, Arthur J. 
Peterson, August P. 
Peterson, Carl O. 
Peterson, Elmer C. 
Peterson, George W. 
Peterson, Gust O. 
Peterson, Harry E. 
Peterson, Hugh G. 
Peterson. James 
Peterson. Johannes A. 
Peterson. John M. 
Peterson, John P. 
Peterson, Leslie A. 



16 



Peterson, Maurice P. 
Peterson. Peter 
Peterson, Peter B. 
Peterson. Peter E. 
Peterson. Peter J. 
Pew, Ellsworth L. 
Phifer, Earl E. 
Pieper, Albert H. 
Pietrowiak, William J. 
Piltz, George E. 
Pixler, Marvin H. 
Plumhofif. Louis F. 
Pondorf. Frank 
Poole. William H. 
Pope. Buel 
Pope. Percy 
Poplowski, Ole 
Popp, William x\. 
Poppe, Walter C. 
Porath, Fred W. 
Porter, George W. 
Porter. Robert E. 
Powers, Wayne M. 
Prafke. Frank A. 
Price, William E. 
Prindle, Ray L. 
Prindle, Wayne C. 
Pruisner, Anton 
Pruisner, Henry 
Pufalil, Herman H. 
Pulver, Edbert L. 
Quade, Otto A. 
Quade, William G. 
Quien, Carl B. 
Quinn. Roswell J. 
Raforth, August 
Ratledge. Stanley I. 
Redman. Franz H. 
Reickle}', Joseph J. 
Reiman. Frederick O. 
Reinke, Bert H. 
Reinke, Herbert G. 
Reinke. William A. 
Reiter, Alfred W. 
Reiter, Julius A. 
Rettke, Charles D. 
Rettke, Edward A. 
Rettke, Henry A. 
Reutter, Glen A. 
Reynolds, Sanford W. 
Richardson, Walter B. 
Riedel, Otto H. 
Rice, Ira J. 
Riddell, Walter N. 
Riegel, Samuel C. 
Ringgenberg. Lloyd M. 
Rippel, Arthur 
Rippel, William 
Roark, Arthur 
Roberts, Eennie 
Roebbeke. Fredk. W. H. 
Roebke, Harvey R. 
Rosenfeldt. Louis O. 
Rono, Julius B. 
Rosa, Harry C. 
Rosen, Gust A. 
Rosenberg, Robert A. 
Rosenberg. William C. 
Rosenwinkel. Adolph J. 
Ross. Harold O. 
Ross. Leo L. 
Rosskopf, Irvin W. 
Roth, William 
Rouse, Chester W. 
Rowley, Leonard R. 
Ruby, Peter 
Running, Josef E. 
Running, Martin 



Russenberger, Wm. R. 
Sackett. Clarence L. 
Sager. Ellsworth M. 
Sager. John E. 
Saggau, Henry A. C. 
Salisbury, John C. 
Salisbury. Martin L. 
Salzman. Otto G. 
Samuelson. David B. 
Sansen, Cal G. 
Sauck, Carl A. 
Sawyer. Robert I. 
Saxon, Henry R. 
Saxton. George R. 
Scearcy. Guy E. 
Schaefer. George H. 
Schall, Fred 
Scharpf, John 
Scheff, Carl A. H. 
Scheflf. George H. 
Schelmeski, Tony J. 
Schendel. Leo A. 
Scherer. Frank A. 
Schcrer, George V. 
Schierkolk. William E. 
Schlemme. Louis F. 
Sclilemme, Walter H. 
Schlichting. Edward C. 
Schlorfif, William H. 
Schmidt. Lester D. 
Schmidt, Isadore L. 
Schofield. George H. 
Schow, Carter 
Schroedel, John P. 
Schultz, Emil 
Schultz. Frederick W. 
Schultz. Harry A. 
Schultz, Henry W. 
Schultz. William 
Schuiz, Albert W. 
Schulz. John H. 
Schumacher, Oscar H. 
Schwartz, Gustaf J. 
Scott, Christian 
Scribner, John E. 
Seifert, Leo J. 
Seims. Charles 
Senf. Fred H. 
Senne. William H. 
Serle, Esgar W. 
Schaffer, Deed H. 
Sliarp, David C. 
Sharp. Roy W. 
Sheaman. Joseph F. 
Sheely, LeRoy H. 
Sheely, Fred R. 
Sherman, Chauncey C. 
Sherman. Edwin A. 
Sherman. John C. 
Sherman, Veder 
Shoemaker. Charles E. 
Shoemaker, Edgar E. 
Sliort, Walter A. 
Shumski, Joseph V. 
Siemens. William J. 
Simmering. Edw. H. H. 
Simmons. Rollo E. 
Simon. Peter W. 
Simpson. Walter V. 
Sisson, Ralph W. 
Slater, Earl E. 
Slaughter, Ira P. 
Smith, Alfred E. 
Smith, Charles E. 
Smith, Clarence A. 
Smith, H. N. 
Smith, Percy M. 
Smith, William H. 



Snow. Earl 
Sokoloski. Stanley J. 
Solvorn. Albert 
Sorensen. Alfred 
Sorensen, Carl M. 
Sorensen. Franklin L. 
Speier, Kaiser 
Speier. Stanley 
Spencer. Michael J. 
Sperry, Elmo B. 
Sperry. Elmo O. 
St. John. Ronald 
Stachowiak. Michael L. 
Stalk. William 
Stefanski. John S. 
Stefanski. Joseph 
Stefanski. Mike 
Steiner. Albert 
Steiner. Frank J. 
Stelter, Wilhelm 
Stenstrum. Myron S. 
Stenstrum. Rov W. 
Stenzel. .A.lbert W. 
Stevens, George L. 
Stewart. Warren 
Stinchfield. Edwin C. 
Stockdill. Donald S. 
Storm. John C. 
Stowe. Franklin K. 
Stowe. Kenneth F. 
Striemer. Bruno P. 
Stromberg, Gustaf A. 
Strombcrg. Ray F. 
Struble. Harry J. 
Struck. Christian H. 
Struck, William C. 
Studer. Ralph P. 
Stum. James G. 
Stum. William R. 
Sturgeon. William R. 
Sturm, John W. 
Sundberg. Fred 
Sunderson. Ben 
Sutter. Luke J. 
Svoboda. George W. 
Swanson. Claude N. 
Swanson. Elof C. 
Swanson. Ernest 
Swanson. Grant O. 
Swanson. Oliver C. 
Swenberg. Leonard E. 
Swenson, Carl J, 
Swenson, Robert A. 
Sweeney. Carol W. 
Sweeney. James B. 
Sweesy. Leo M. 
Swift, Charles H. 
Swift. Robert D. 
Syverson. Severin 
Szuberski. Joseph M. 
Taber. Walter .\. 
Tallberg. Earl A. 
TanhofT, Philip A. 
Tanner. Harold H. 
Tanner, Roscoe W. 
Taylor. George G. 
Taylor, Harry S. 
Taylor, Leonard 
Taylor, Lowell J. 
Tenhoff, Charles J. 
Tenhoff, Marland J. 
Tenhoff, William W. 
Theobald, James F. 
Theobald, Ralph V. 
Thiede, Herman J. 
Thiede, Jilartin W. 
Thiemann, Emil G. 
Thiemann, Ginter E. 



Thomas. Evan A. 
Thomas. Glen W. 
Thompson, C, H. 
Thompson, Cecil E. 
Thompson, Glen J. 
Thompson. Palmer M. 
Thomsen. Edward 
Thomsen, Leon C. 
Thomsen. Ralph D. 
Thyen. Peter 
Tobin. John 
Tolzman. Alfred 
Traetow, William C. 
Travis, Charley C. 
Tricker, Arthur 
True, Harry L. 
True. John P. 
Tsantioties. Athanasois 

(Tom Chantos) 
Tyler, Glen 
Tyler. James E. 
Tyler. Lloyd J. 
Utter. Bror A. 
Utter, Gustaf W. 
Voltmer, William 
Voosen. Carl 
Voosen, Fred C. 
Voosen, Walter H. 
Wallace, Glen L. 
Wallerstedt, Carl H. 
Walker, William C. 
Ward. Otto 
Ware, Harry 
Warner. John A. 
Watson. Noble D. 
Weden, Walter 
Weerts. Arnold 
Wehrenberg. Henry C. 
Wellcome, Carl 
Wenberg. Clarence 
Wendt, Emil A. 
Werner, Edward H. 
Werick, Charlie 
Wernsman. Joseph F. 
West. Arthur H. 
Whelan, Harry 
White, Frank F. 
White. Fred H. 
Whited. Fred 
Whitsell, .\rthur W. 
Whitsell. William R. 
Wiebe. Arthur G. 
Wierschke. Herman A. 
Wilkinson. Earl B. 
Willette, Claude O. 
Willette. David O. 
Willette. John V. 
Willmert. Orthwin B. 
Winkelman, Herman J. 
Winn. Lou H. 
Winzenburg. Chas. P. 
Witt. William C. 
Wohlhueter, Earl M. 
Wohlhueter, Merle H. 
Wohlhuter, Arthur H. 
Wohlhuter, Frederic A. 
Wohlrabe, George W. 
Wolford, Sidney A. 
Wolford, William G. 
Wolter, Harry 
Woodling, Harry E. 
Woodke. Arthur W. 
Woolley. Wayne W. 
Wright, Daniel 
Yates. Ed. 
Ystenes, Nicholai J. 
Ystenes, Selmer 
Zachariason, And. E. 



17 



Zacharlason. \A^iIIie H. 
Zaboroski, Frank 
Zaboroski, Michael 



Zeaske, Karl G. 
Zelim. Roy D. 
Zelker, George 



Zierke, Roland H. 
Zieske. Victor W. 
Zoeller, Charley F. 



Zoeller. John H. 
Zoeller, William A. 



Appelquist, Carl W. 
Arp, Leonard D. 
Aukofer, Joseph M. 
Austin, John 
Austin, William W. 
Baum, John C. 
Benson, Martin 
Rlanck. Walter H. 
Brandt, Clifford A. 
Broom, William S. 
Burns, Gustave A. 
Burns, George M. 
Carlson, Rufus G. 
Chamberlain, Ray C. 
Christianson, Clarence 
Chute, Fred B. 
Colvin. Oscar D. 
Coult, Benjamin W. 
Engeldorf, Lars J. 
Erickson, Edward W. 
Follett, Fred J. 



Forstrom, Willia 
Fox, Edward C. 
Gemmell, Lloyd 
Gradberg, Enoch W 
Gradberg, Eskil N. 
Groth, Chester E. 
Hart, Carrol H. 
Hansen. Lucian J. 
Helgeson. Gail P. 
Home, Alfred D. 
Howell, Robert J. 
Jensen, Fred 
Jones, John 
Jessen, Carl R. 
Kauder, Wesley A. 
Kendell, Earl G. 
Keyes, Raymond E. 
Kramer, William R. 
Krost. Walter G. 
Krumholz, Joseph A 
Langman, Harley A 



NAVY 

A. Larsen, Daniel E. 

Larson, Charles W. 
Lewis, Will 
Lunde, Oscar H. 
Madsen, Eddie P. 
Marley, Isa H. 
Marvin, Vincent 
Moeller, Harry 
IMoore, Clarence R. 
Necdham, Melvin A. 
Nelson, Fred J. 
Nelson. George E. 
Nicholson. William H. 
Nonneman, Frank C. 
Nordstrom, Carl A. 
Olson, Knute O. 
Olson, Wilford E. 
Orbell, Harry G. 
Packard. Dale H. 
Peterson. Wallace E. 
Roberts, Charles 



Salzman, Walter H. 
Sartorius, Charles 
Speigler. Harry r.I. 
Swanson. George R. A. 
Swanson, John E. 
Swearingen. Fred H, 
Swearingen, John A. 
Tanner, Chester O. 
Thomas, James R. 
True, Howard V. 
VanBuskirk. Ira A. 
Wade. Harold E. 
W.ilker. Clarence A. 
White. Robert E. 
^^'illiams. Charles O. 
Williams, Chester A. 
\\'enberg. Walter E. 
Winzenberg. Wm. H. 
Wood. Rollo G. 
WoIIcn. Richard H. 
Youngdale, C. J. 



MARINES 



Allen. Clair H. 
Allen, Thaddeus S. 
Anderson. Axel 
Bieth. Frank J. 
Carey. Earl V. 
Carey. Franklin P. 
Carey, Walter H. 



Carlson. Albert H. 
Courtright, Vernon ( 
Day. Stanley G. 
Funk, Albert D, 
Gilbert, Walter R. 
Hartung, Walter H. 
Hayworth, Purl G. 



Hervey. Walter 
Hiatt, Clyde H. 
Holton. Arthur R, 
Levin. David J. 
Nugent. Roy 
Olson. Oscar L. 
Personius. Glen C. 



Persson. Erick 
Ridgway. Jobe M. 
Smith. Henson A. 
Stewart, Elmer 
Stewart, Russel A. 
Thomsen, Floyd 
Tyler, William P. 



Griftltlis. Dan W. 
Nickerson, Arthur W. 



IN CANADIAN ARMY 



Nielsen. Emanuel C. 
Peterson, Edward N. 



Price. Merlin G. 
Slierman. Fernon S. 



Smith. Leo E. 
Walker, George R. 



Betz, Neven O. 
Cory, Helen 



SERVICE WOMEN 



Conklin. Francis 
Dean, ^Marjorie L. 



Edwards, Mava M. 
Eglin. Elizabeth G. 



Sieberg. Dorothy C. 



Potter, George 



Y. M. C. A. 

Richardson. Ralph J. Tininis, Clarence J. 



Wolfe, Horace E. 



Honoring the Men Who Fought 



A vivid page in the memories of all will be the 
recollections of the various farewell demonstrations 
accorded the successive increments of selected sol- 
diers upon their departure for the training camps. 
Entrainment days were made county holidays when 
relatives and friends of the departing soldiers assem- 
bled in great numbers to do homa.ge to those whose 
lives were being offered in the country's service. 

The first great demonstration was held at the 
county seat on Sunday, Sept. 2. 1917. There was no 
departure of troops on that date, the affair being 
designated as "Dedication Day" and arranged in 
honor of all the men then registered or to be reg- 
istered in the selective draft and awaiting call. It 
was known that the first increment would be sum- 
moned at any time and Martin County people wanted 



her fighters to know that they were being backed to 
the limit by the "folks back home." 

More than one half of the people of the county 
attended this initial demonstration. The account 
pulilished in the daily press at the time is here 
quoted in part as accurately depicting the historic 
event: 

"Coming in crowds from every township and pop- 
ulation center in the county, more than ten thousand 
loyal Martin County citizens gathered at Fairmont 
Sunday, to observe the day dedicated to the men 
selected by Uncle Sam to defend the principles for 
which Old Glory stands, 'that the world might be 
made safe for democracy.' 

"It was the greatest patriotic demonstration that 
Martin County has ever known. Even the children 



18 



were still, overawed by the stern solemnity of their 
parents, as the great crowd met at Sylvania Park in 
the afternoon to listen to the burning words from 
the impassioned speakers, who, speaking from tlie 
heart, with words of love and duty for country, 
but mirrored the sentiments of their listeners. The 
speakers were continually interrupted as the pent- 
up feelings of the audience broke out in loud and 
sustained applause. 

"Gathering from every part of the county, the 
crowd came surging into the city early in the day. 
From Sherburn came nearly the entire population 
and their excellent band, Ceylon and Truman 
tunied out en masse, headed by their bands. From 
Welcome, Dunnell, Triumph, Monterey, Granada 
and East Chain came loyal citizens anxious to be 
identilied with the observance of the day. 

"Most of the churches of the county omitted their 
regular Sunday morning services to permit the peo- 
ple to devote the day entirely to the dedication 
exercises. 

"A parade formed at 11 o'clock and marched 
through the business section of the city to Sylvania 
Park, where the exercises were held. For fifteen 
blocks along the line of march the walks were 
crowded to the curb with onlookers and at times 
they surged into the street so densely as to inter- 
fere with the parade. The crowd cheered as the 
country's defenders marched luist. 

"Headed by the Ceylon band the parade included 
Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., under arms and fully ec|uipped. 
(This unit was then in service and in camp at tlie 
Martin County fair grounds.) The second division 
was headed by the Fairmont band and included Co. 
B of the Fairmont Home Guard, who appeared for 
the lirst time in new uniforms and equipment. The 
third division, led by the Truman band, included the 
selective service men for whom the event was es- 
pecially arranged, also twenty young women uni- 
formed as Red Cro.ss nurses. The fourth division, 
with the Sherburn band, was composed of the Boy 
Scouts of Welcome and Truman, 

"Following the parade a picnic dinner was held at 
the park, participated in by thousands. Basket din- 
ners for the selected men were furnished by a com- 
mittee selected from the different parts of the county. 

"Attorney Paul C. Cooper of Truman presided 
and introduced the speakers. In words with the 
true patriotic ring he explained the purpose of the 
.gathering and prepared the audience for the elo- 
quent words to follow from the other speakers. 

"Rev. H. O. Thompson, pastor of the Methodist 
church at Welcome, offered a prayer which breathed 
the highest patriotic sentiments. 

"The first speaker was J. A. Everett, one of the 
county's first advocates of patriotism above all 
else. Mr. Everett is a veteran of the Civil War and 
from the depth of his experience in battles and 
camp gave the men who go forth to battle for their 
country, as he went forth in his youth to uphold 
the flag, much good advice. 

"County Attorney Albert R. Allen surpassed his 
usual eloquent eflforts in the cause for which the 
people of the United States were united. Hon. Julius 
E. Haycraft whipped the patriotism of the crowd to 
white heat. His definition of loyal and disloyal cit- 
izens met with favor among his listeners and his 
words will ring in the ears of his hearers for many 
a day. 

"Hon. L. C. Hodgson (Larry Ho) of St. Paul, 
was the concluding speaker, and found the crowd 
responsive to every word and gesture. Like the 
other speakers he spoke from the depth of his heart 
and not a word of his masterly address escaped 
his hearers." 

The county's first drafted men assembled in Fair- 
mont on Sept. 21, 1917, and were then formally in- 
ducted into active service. On the afternoon of 



that day not only the selected men, their families 
and friends, but hundreds of citizens generally, as- 
sembled at the court house grounds as the first of 
our selective service men took the oath that made 
them the nation's defenders for the duration of the 
war, be it months or years. After the men were in- 
ducted J. A. Everett, E. H. Nicholas and Judge E. 
C. Dean were successively called on to address the 
assemblage and, more particularly, the newly cre- 
ated soldiers. Their stirring, patriotic and eloquent 
orations were received by the soldiers and the as- 
sembled crowd with unbounded enthusiasm. 

The selected men were the guests of the city of 
Fairmont that night and were feted and entertained 
without limit. Everything was theirs. Theater par- 
ties, dinners, in every way that friends could devise, 
courtesy and honor were shown them. 

Departure was early in the morning of Sept. 22. 
The train left promptly at 7 o'clock. Long before 
that hour the city was filled with people to express 
final honor, to say a last good-bye to the departing 
soldiers. A parade was formed, headed by the 
Fairmont band, to escort the men to the depot. Co. 
E and the Home Guard company marched as an es- 
cort of honor. .\t least .5,000 people were at the sta- 
tion to bid the boj's farewell and Godspeed. 

As the first troop train bore away the departing 
sons and brothers brave smiles and what were m- 
tended for cheerful and cheering phrases could not 
conceal the aching hearts nor withhold the scald- 
ing tears. All felt that among the seventy fine, 
stalwart young men there were some who would 
not return, others whose limbs and bodies would be 
torn by shot and shell and lungs seared by the hell- 
ish, torturin.sr gas clouds of the enemy. These fears 
were well founded. Five of the men who departed 
with brave hearts and noble purposes found soldiers' 
graves. A score returned months later with the 
marks of wounds or the effects of the cruel gas fas- 
tened upon them forever. 

The crowd remained on the platform, waving flags, 
hands and handkerchiefs so long as the train re- 
mained in sight. Then, heavy hearted, yet content, 
fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, sweethearts and 
friends, turned homeward to patiently face that most 
anguishing of all war experiences, the long and 
weary waiting until the son or brother or sweet- 
heart shall again return or his battle fate be learned. 

The scenes and experiences of that first leave- 
taking were repeated again and again, until it had 
been enacted eighteen times under similar condi- 
tions. Then on the very day before still another de- 
tachment was to depart came the armistice. 

As war's stern and grim reality grew with the 
passing of the months there was no diminution of 
the patriotic fervor and wild enthusiasm with which 
the men were hailed as they left "for the front." 
Always the same inspiration, the same splendid 
demonstration of the spirit that "we are witli you, 
boys," attended the men. If anything the cumula- 
tive efifect of such repeated scenes made the later 
leavetakings more impressive, more earnest, than 
the first. 

It maj' be that the home people did not and do 
not fully realize liow greatly these farewell expres- 
sions contributed to make easier the hard lot of the 
soldier in the training camp, in strange environment, 
on foreign shores, at the battle front; how recollec- 
tions thereof sustained morale, made hardship and 
suffering easier to bear, and made the soldier willing 
to suffer and die if need be for his home and his 
country, to convince him that such homes and such 
a country were abundantly worth the supreme sacri- 
fice. To refiect that "the folks back home" do think 
of their soldiers and that the splendid sentiments 
expressed in the leavetaking were with them to the 
end was one of the things that made our soldiers 
and sailors invincible — the peers of all others. 



19 



CHAPTER V. 



Martin County Public Safety Association 



Martin County War Board. 

The successful functioning of the various war ac- 
tivities in Martin County and throughout Minne- 
sota generally was due, second only to the patriotic 
spirit of our people, to the magnificent work of the 
Minnesota Commission of Public Safety, with its 
sub-organizations in each county, popularly referred 
to as the "War Board." 

The Martin Count}' Public Safety Association was 
organized as a local branch of the State Public Safe- 
ty Commission, and, like the parent body, vested 
with extraordinary powers to cope with any situa- 
tion that might arise out of the war. 

Minnesota was the first state in the Union to rec- 
ognize the fact that in order to fully utilize the na- 
tion's resources of patriotism, material and men, the 
closest co-operation between the federal authority 
and the various state governments was imperative. 

Accordingly on April 2.3, 1917, two weeks after 
the declaration of war, the Minnesota legislature 
passed the law creating and financing the Commis- 
sion of Public Safety and defining its powers and 
duties. The example thus set was speedily followed 
by the other states. The enabling clause of the 
Minnesota law provides that the Commission shall 

"do all acts and things necessary or proper so 
that the military, civil and industrial resources 
of the state may be most efiiciently applied to- 
ward maintenance of the defense of the state 
and nation and toward the successful prose- 
cution of such war * * * and shall aid the .gov- 
ernment of the United States in protecting and 
defending said government and the people there- 
of and their property." 

One million dollars was appropriated to carry out 
the work required of the Commission. Of this 
amount $488,337.78 was by legislative enactment re- 
quired to be paid as additional compensation to the 
enlisted men of Minnesota who served on the Mex- 
ican border in 1916. This left available for the Com- 
mission's use $.511,602.23. How economically its af- 
fairs were managed is shown by the fact that on 
Jan. 1, 1919, wlien tlie work was practically fin- 
ished, the Commission still had on hand $2.52,018.23. 
The vast amount of work the state organization and 
its county auxiliaries accomplished at so small ex- 
pense was due to the patriotic service rendered by 
the members, at great personal sacrifice, without 
financial compensation to the amount of a single 
penny. 

Governor Burnquist, acting promptly under the 
law, appointed tlie following men as members of 
the state commission: Governor Burnquist and .A.t- 
torney General Lyndon A. Smitli, acting as ex-officio 
members: 

C. H. March, Litchfield, vice-chairman, 

J. F. McGce, Minneapolis, military affairs. 

C. W. Ames, St. Paul, civic affairs. 

John Lind, Minneapolis, labor. 

A. C. Weiss, Duluth, publicity. 

John S. Pardee, secretary. 

Later, due to the resignations of Messrs. Ames, 
Lind and Pardee, Thomas E. Cashman of Owatonna 
and H. W. Libby of St. Paul were appointed on the 
Commission, Mr. Libby becoming secretary. Lyndon 
A. Smith, attorney general, died March 5, 1918. His 
successor, Clifford L. Hilton, became a member in 
his stead. Offices were maintained at the old state 
capitol, St. Paul. More than one hundred meetings 
were held, the commissioners serving without pay. 



The Commission began its labors within a week 
of the passage of the law bringing it into being. 
By the end of December, 1919. its work was practi- 
cally finished and it was able to report its per- 
formances throughout the trying period in great de- 
tail to the governor. 




CLIFl^ORD E. JONES 

Chairm.in Martin County Public Safety Association. Life-long 
resident of Martin County. Had two sons in service, one of 
wliom lost his life. 



Organization of the Martin County branch of the 
Safety Commission, officially described as the Mar- 
tin County Public Safety .'\ssociation but popularly 
spoken of as the County War Board, began May 
28, 1917, when Clififord E. Jones of Fairmont was 
commissioned a director by Gov. Burnquist. A sin- 
gle director was selected in each county of the state 
and the work of organizing the several counties left 
in their hands. Mr. Jones was selected for this 
highly important position after thorough investiga- 
tion of his fitness for such service. It may be here 
remarked that he acquitted himself of h" arduous 
and oftentimes unpleasant duties in a manner that 
proved the wisdom of the selection. 

June 13, 1917 the county directors were assembled 
at the state capitol and took the initial steps for per- 
fecting the county or.ganizations. Upon the return 
of Mr. Jones the task of selecting and organizing 
the Martin County branch was actively taken up. 
The first meeting was held at Fairmont on June 15th. 
Organization was rapid and there was soon effected 
a plan so complete and effective that it was utilized 
in organizing many of the other counties. The State 
Safety Commission commended the Martin County 
branch as the first and most completely and efficient- 
ly organized in the state. 

The perfected Martin County organization included 
the following officers and committees. Many of the 
inembers had sons in the service. Others enlisted 
themselves later in the war. 

Chairman — Clififord E. Jones, Fairmont. 

Secretary — J. T. Swearingen, Fairmont. 

Treasurer — Charles E. Landin, Sherburn. 



20 



Executive Committee. 

Louis J. Hinton, Truman, Chairman Liberty Loan. 

Julius E. Haycraft, Fairmont, Cliairman America 
First. 

Rev. Albert E. Fillmore, Fairmont, Chairman Red 
Cross. 

Horace E. Wolfe. Fairmont, Chairman War Sav- 
ings. Prof. Wolfe resigned to enter service as a 
Y. M. C. A. secretary and was succeeded by John 
H. Grill, Fairmqnt. 




JAMES T. SVVEAKINGEN 

Secretary Martin County Public Safety Association. Resident 
■of Martin County since i860. Had two sons in service. 

DeForrest Ward, Fairmont, cliairman V. M. C. A. 
John Wolf, Fairmont, chairman Knights Columbus. 

Albert R. Allen, county attorney, Fairmont. 

William S. Carver, sheriff and member Martin 
■County Draft Board, Fairmont. 

William Vollrath. chairman board of county com- 
missioners, Dunnell, Minn. 

Fred W. Betz, postmaster, Fairmont. Minn. 

C. J. Timms, county superintendent. Fairmont, food 
administrator. Mr. Timms later entered service as a 
Y. M. C. A. secretary and was succeeded by S. A. 
McCarthy and he by Arza R. Fancher, judge of pro- 
Ijate court. Fairmont. 

Alex Grant, Fairmont, fuel administrator. 

Frank A. Day, Fairmont. 

J. C. Musser, Rutland township. 

George W. Bulock, Fraser township. 

Fred C. Gould, Fairmont township. 

Richard A. Murray, Rolling Green township. 

Leo A. Milow, county commissioner, Tenhassen 
"township, 

Frank Nowicki, Silver Lake township. 

John Burns, Fairmont. 

Harry H. Canright, captain Home Guards, Fair- 
mont. 

Charles E. Coleman, Civil War veteran, Fairmont. 

Clarence L. Blanchar, Fox Lake township. 

Oscar L. Larson, Jay township. 

John Carlson, Elm Creek township. 

Frank H. Wherland, Welcome. 

O. W. Kinney, Manyaska township. 

Robert W. Stewart. Ceylon. 

James D. Griggs, Truman (Civil War veteran). 

Mons Olson, Westford township. 

Lever E. Champine, Lake Belt township. 

James Prouty, Granada. 



John Maxwell, Center Creek township. 

James T. McNerney, Pleasant Prairie township. 

Charles L. Larson, Lake Fremont township. 

John A. Linder, Dunnell. 

H. P. Deneen, Triumph. 

L. W. Steele, Cedar township. 

Harry Sheppard, Galena township. 

John H. Hagen, Ormsby. 

Peter Wartman, Monterey. 

Walter W. Adams, Nashville. 

Labor Committee. 

R. W. Stewart, Ceylon. 

C. E. Landin, Sherburn. 

F. H. Wherland, Welcome. 

L. J. Hinton, Truman. 

Geo. E. Brockman, Triumph. 

B. A. Burton, Granada. 
J. A. Linder, Dunnell. 
Peter Wartman, Monterey. 
William Doyle, East Chain. 
Clifford E. Jones, Fairmont. 

Marketing Committee. 

Clifford E. Jones, Fairmont. 
E. F. Lawrence, Fairmont. 
John W. Allison, Fairmont. 
Jolm Gerber, Welcome. 
John Roebke, Sherburn. 
George Winzenberg, Granada. 
John H. Sprague. Northrop. 
Christian Scott, Truman. 

(Mr. Scott enlisted later.) 
Robert W. Nelson, East Chain. 
Peter W^artman, Monterey. 
George E. Brockman, Triumph. 

D. C. Pasely, Ceylon. 

C. Linus Peterson, Dunnell. 




WILLIAM S. CARVER 

Slieriiif of Martin County. Was also major in Motor Corps 
Reserve and member of Draft Board. Born in Martin County. 



When complete organization of the county was 
effected every war activity was covered. This was 
accomplished by the appointment of a chairman in 
each precinct for each department. The men thus 
appointed, together with the officers and executive 
comiTiittee, constituted the county War Board. In 



21 



addition to the foregoing names it included tlie fol- 
lowing members, each chairman in his precinct of 
his particular branch with authority to appoint such 
precinct members as he deemed necessary to serve 
under him. 

Precinct War Boards. 

There were seven chairmen appointed in each pre- 
cinct. They were designated respectively as chair- 
men of the Liberty Loan. Public Safety, Red Cross, 
America First, War Savings, Y. M. C. A. and Knights 
of Columbus. In the appended roster the names in 
each precinct are arranged in the foregoing order: 

City of Fairmont: Wm. Hay, Harry H. Canright, 
H. P. Edwards, Ned R. Bomboy. John F. Haeckel, 
Edward R. Flygare, Thomas A. Lawler. 

Sherburn: A. G. T. Broun, Charles E. Landin J. 
C. Salisbury, John L. Roebke, Charles Grill, J. C. 
Flygare, George Ellis. 

Welcome: E. W. Halkney, Frank H. Wherland, 
H. H. Sartorius, John W. Wolford, O. P. Miller, 
Lewis Wilkinson, Bernard Mamer. 

Truman: A. M. Hinton, Louis J. Hinton, G. M. 
Seaburg, S. S. Rector. Tlieo. C. Radde, George E. 
Foster, Walter Damm. 

Ceylon: S. G. Barnett, Robert W. Stewart, Frank 
M. Sill, H. A. Saggau, J. R. Huston, A. E. Alton, 
Claude F. Follett. 

Granada: Eli Boudrye, James Prouty, George 
Winzenburg, Dr. W. H. Gaugh, A. B. Jardine, Ben. 
L. Eglin, Charles Johnson. 

Dunnell: M. M. Sorensen, E. A. Cooper. John A. 
Linder, August Wenberg, Miss Ellen Swanson, Frank 
A. Sandin, Carl G. Appelquist. 

Triumph: C. L. Blakeley, James !\Icehan, A. A. 
Harris, Geo. E. Brockman, Sam Olander, Silas P. 
Pope, G. UmhoefFer. 

Monterey: Dr. J. A. Butz, Peter Wartman, W. A. 
Rlioads, E. W. Dushinske, Sam Olander, P. C. Red- 
ing, Joseph Cas(\'. 




ALBERT R. ALLE.\ 

County Attorney. Born at Fayette County, Iowa, 1863. Resi- 
dent of Martin County since 1900. Had two sons in service. 

Ormsby: R. H. Mueller, H. M. Vagstad, Olaus 
Syverson. 

East Chain: Peter Jensen, Wm. Dahl. O. G. Row- 
ley, William Doyle, Charles Ternberg, Robert W. 
Nelson, John Maday. 

Pleasant Prairie: Chas. E. Thate, James T. McNer- 
ney, George Sullivan, Maynard Carlson, Arthur D. 
Loring, Henry O. Oscarson, Leo Daly. 



Center Creek: John R. Maxwell (Liberty Loan and 
Public Safety), Orville Hatch, Chas. E. Davison, 
Ernest Dalton, G. V. Cotherman, Mike Kusick. 

Nashville: R. S. Patchin, Walter W. Adams, H. M. 
Hall, A. M. Boler, Roy Duncanson, Alex W. Wat- 
son, Frank Brady. 

Silver Lake: John Nowicki, John Pytleski, F. J. 
Nowicki, Thomas Maday, R. H. Keithahn, Dan. Har- 
ris, John Pytleski. 

Fairmont Township: F. J. Lowe, Fred C. Gould, 
Simon Santee, George E. Rosa, Fred Dickinson, Ad- 
dison T. Crowther, John Bulfer. 




EDWARD R. I'LYCARE 

Clerk of Court. Member Executive Comiriittee of War Board. 
Born in 1871 and came to Martin County same year. 



Rutland: Wm. R. Boyce, Joe C. Musser, Fred Sny- 
der, John H. Sprague, A. C. Becker, Claude Axford. 
N. G. Streit. 

Westford: David A. Sargent, Mons Olson, Henry 
Huttemeier, Emil Draegert, George Jurgenson, Wil- 
lis Ryder. F. H. Jahnke. 

Tcnhassen: Leo A. Milow (Liberty Loan and Pub- 
lic Safety) Guy M. Sill, Wm. Plath, Frank F. Peters, 
Sven Niisson, Frank Landsteiner. 

Rolling Green: James Lamperd. Richard A. Mur- 
ray, Wilbur G. Brown, Raj'mond Steelsmith,- George 
Mussman, William E. Allen, Frank Seibert. 

Eraser: Julius C. Behrens. George Bulock, George 
Goetz, G. C. Thompson, G. H. Nolte, Herman Brodt, 
Peter Carney. 

Waverly: Andrew Levik, Harry Sheppard, Gus 
Johnson, Ole Williamson, Carson Harber, P. J. Pe- 
terson, Martin Helvig. 

Lake Belt: William Gray, Lever E. Champine. 
Wilber W. Wiltse, Fred Nassen, Decatur C. Paselev. 
E. C. Headley, O. W. Stallcop. 

Manyaska: Robert Borchardt, O. W. Kinney, E. 
O. Paup. Frank Ammann. Theodore Kahlcr. Pren- 
tiss D. Worthlcy, John Mauris. 

Fox Lake: Philip Wohlhuter, Clarence L. Blan- 
char, Gerhart Leuhr, Herman L Davey, F. H. Spiel- 
man. David Soper, H. P. Dcneen. 

Galena: Fred W. Carter. John H. Hagen, Carl An- 
derson, Charles Krueger, Ralph H. Worthley, Henry 
Drewes. C. H. Christianson. 

Lake Fretnont: A. W. Linder, Charles L. Larson. 
J. R. Woods, Wm. Vollrath, C. Linus Peterson, Ma- 
rion Silcox, Peter Kriebs. 

Jay: Reed C. Als worth, Oscar L. Larson, Geo. 



22 



Lucke, Henry Kuntz, Elmer H. Peterson, J. M. 
Gemmill, John Eisenmenger. 

Elm Creek: Wm. Holtz, John Carlson, Bert Well- 
come, Wm. Grill. John Terveer, John Rohvvedder, 
John Terveer. 

Cedar: Dick Rabbe, John Olson, Hans C. Josten. 
A. C. Martin. Carl Sjogren, A. J. Peterson, Richard 
Burke. 

The work of the State and County Public Safety 
Associations were closely related and to a consid- 
erable extent may be considered together. The or- 
ders of the State Commission, which had the full 
force and efifect of law, were carried out by the coun- 
ty organizations. 

The first imperative task of the Commission was 
to maintain public peace and order, to protect the 
moral and bodily health of our soldiers and the peo- 
ple in general, to check or suppress all efforts in- 
terfering with the mobilization of the man power 
of the state or hampering full and free co-operation 
with the national government. An initial step was 
to establish a "dry zone" around Ft. Snelling, an 




FREDERICK W. BETZ 

Postmaster and member of Executive Committee of War Board. 
Born in Wisconsin in 1856. Had a daughter in Red Cross Serv- 
ice. 



important mobilization center. Saloons were also 
closed in a dangerous section of Minneapolis and 
the Commission dealt drastically with the liquor 
traffic, which still persisted in some parts of Min- 
nesota and was speedily recognized as a menace to 
the nation's interests. The State Commission is- 
sued in all 59 orders, of which 31 had to do with some 
phase of the liquor traific. Two of these dealt spe- 
cifically with conditions in Martin county. 

Order No. 10 was promulgated on Sept. 17, 1917. 
There were saloons at two points in Martin coun- 
ty, Ceylon and Welcome. On the initiative of the 
County War Board, and after investigation, it was 
found that the sale of liquor at these points, as it 
was then conducted, interfered with the production 
of food and with tlie health and good habits of the 
soldiers of the national army and militia. It was 
shown by numerous complaints that these saloons 
retarded the military, civil and industrial resources, 
not only of Martin county and Minnesota, but in 
neighboring states. Order No. 10 directed that all 
liquor sold must be drunk on the premises and re- 
stricted the hours of sale, the bars being allowed to 
keep open from 9:00 a. m. to .5:00 p. m. It was pro- 



vided that any violation would operate to cancel the 
licenses of the saloon keepers. 

Under these drastic regulations saloons at Wel- 
come voluntarily quit business when their licenses 
expired in June, 1918. However at Ceylon the bars 
continued in business until finally wiped out by 
Order No. 47 on Sept. 24, 1918. It was recited that 
"the provisions of Order No. 10 have been and are 
habitually violated and set at naught" and the pen- 
alty clause was invoked, closing said saloons for 
the period of the war. Investigation showed an 
immense liquor business at Ceylon. One of the 
three saloons handled 6,290 cases of beer and 75 tons 
of hard liquor April 1 to July 31, 1917. 

This act closed the last saloon in the county, none 
having since reopened as the county voted dry under 
the county option law on Aug. 6, 1918, the measure 
taking effect six months later. 

Another early act of the Commission was an order 
creating the Minnesota Home Guard and Motor 
Corps Division, both of which had exceptionally 
efficient units in Martin county, organized under the 
direction of the County War Board. Special peace 
officers known as rural guards were also authorized, 
these having all the powers of constables. A large 
number were appointed in this county. 

Other activities and departinents created and di- 
rected by the State Safety Commission and made 
operative here through the county branch were food 
production and conservation, a labor bureau, a niar- 
keting department, fair grain prices and gi;ading, 
farm labor and crop census, greater utilization of 
fish as food supply, the production of iron ore. the 
securing of labor and industrial amity, regulations 
to restrict the increasing cost of living, fuel conser- 
vation, registration of all aliens, welfare of Minne- 
sota soldiers and their dependents, regulation of new 
banks and public improvements, forest fire protec- 
tion, emergency relief in tornados and forest fires 
at Tyler and in northern Minnesota, Americaniza- 
tion, suppression of disloyalty, and other minor mat- 
ters. It will be readily seen from this wide scope of 
activities that great demands were made upon the 
county war board. 

In the registration of aliens it was found that 
there were resident in Minnesota :325,000 persojis 
without citizenship, of whom about 200 were regis- 
tered in Martin county. Nearly all of these were 
owners of property and enjoying all the benefits 
of citizenship without carrying any of its respon- 
sibilities. In Martin county the greater part of 
such aliens sought the first opportunity to acquire or 
complete their citizenship. 

The importance of the work of American women 
in war activities was fully recognized by the com- 
mission. This department was under an executive 
committee of sixteen prominent women of the 
state. This committee was authorized by the Na- 
tional Council of Defense to act as the Minnesota 
unit of the national women's war organization. Mrs. 
W. R. Diment of Fairmont was chosen to head the 
work in Martin county. 

The women's work included iriany important ac- 
tivities. Among them were intensive organization 
under which every family was listed with reference 
to nationality, industrial relationship, church, school, 
etc., including also a record of the contributions to 
libert3' loan, war savings. Red Cross and other war 
matters. This tabulation was of great assistance in 
drives for funds for war purposes and in other ways. 
Food conservation was naturally a highly important 
part of the women's organization, which obtained 
thousands of signatures to and compliance with the 
"Hoover pledge" promising family economy in the 
use of essential foods. Training classes were con- 
ducted in war cooking and other economic meas- 
ures which tended to the immediate benefit of the 
nation and the permanent betterment of living condi- 
tions in rnany homes. 



23 



Child conservation, public health, Americanization, 
patriotic education, nurses' drives, welfare of wom- 
en in industry and other vital matters engaged the 
attention of the women war workers. In the lib- 
erty loans the women assisted nobly and one fourth 
of the subscriptions are credited to women. It was 
of course in the great war work of the Red Cross 
that women's activity was most emphasized. This 
was distinctly their sphere and in it every loyal 
woman of the state took an active part, giving lib- 
erally of lier time to do knitting, sewing and other 
handiwork. 

The state commission as a part of its office rou- 
tine gave attention to 683 sedition cases, 331 vio- 
lations of liquor laws or regulations, 226 complaints 
against dance halls, 208 violations of the "work or 
fight order," 118 complaints of interference with the 
liherty loans, 174 complaints relative to the teach- 
ing of German in the schools of the state. Many of 
these complaints came from Martin county and the 
local war board was vitally concerned in getting 
proper correction, adjudication or penalties. 

A great mass of educational literature was dis- 
tributed both directly and through the press of the 
state. A press bureau was maintained that supplied 
a weekly service to every newspaper and a large 
part of this was used regularly by the papers of un- 
questioned loyalty. Many thousands of men and 
women visited the state headquarters and hundreds 
the county headquarters to present complaints or to 
seek advice or help. In this way much information 
was received as to dependents of men in the service, 
food hoarding, outcropping of disloyalty and many 
other matters with appropriate action following. 

Much attention was given to law enforcement. It 
was rightly assumed that the commission had the 
right, in the public interest, to use the strong arm 
of force to suppress disloyalty, prevent wastage of 
men and material and preserve public order. It not 
only assumed that right but did not hesitate to act. 

In this branch of its work the war Ijoard aimed 
not only to jail or otherwise punish individual trai- 
tors but to make malefactors generally realize that 
many things which in peace times would be insig- 
nificant were serious in war times and to hearten 
loyal men and women with the thought that the 
state was backing them up in their endeavors with 
a fearless and properly equipped organization, given 
extraordinary war-time powers. 

The report of the Minnesota Public Safety Asso- 
ciation (Dec. 31, 1918) discussing the Association's 
activities in the suppression of disloyalty, analyzes 
a condition that applies in I\Iartin county as fully as 
elsewhere in the state. The report says: 

"Today we are at the close of a successful war and 
our people are unitedly welcoming their returning 
sons and brothers, or honoring the heroes among 
them who died for their country's cause in a for- 
eign land. It is hard in such an environment and at 
such a time to realize the indifference, pacifist senti- 
ment and even opposition to the war which pre- 
vailed in some parts of Minnesota two years ago. 

"Even before Congress declared war many of our 
people, irrespective of their racial origins or affilia- 
tions, appreciated the significance of the contest in 
Europe, and were openly and heartily in favor of 
our entering the war. But this was by no means 
true of all our people. Some of them at first could 
not see why we should get into it at all. There are 
several explanations of this. Many of our people 
did not understand the principles governing ocean 
traffic nor grasp the paramount importance of main- 
taining the rights of the country and its citizens un- 
der the established law of the sea. We live far from 
the coast and thousands of us had never seen the 
ocean or the big ships which sail on it. The senti- 
ments of these people were reflected in the votes 
of some of Minnesota's representatives in the two 
houses of Congress on the McLemore resolution. 



Another explanation was the racial situation in the 
state. We had a population of about 2,000,000 by 
the 1910 census, and more than seventy per cent of 
these were either foreign born or of foreign parent- 
age on one or both sides. Out of the two million 
nearly five hundred thousand were born in either 
Germany or Austria or were of German or Austrian 
parentage. There were many sections where the 
English language was not spoken and, in some cases, 
not understood; where the English language newspa- 
pers did not circulate, and where a foreign tongue 
was the medium of communication in church and 
school, in the home and in business relations. 

"Thousands of these men of foreign origin, in- 
cluding those of German blood, favored the war 
before we got into it and after the declaration thou- 
sands of them, who had not before been in sympathy 
with our participating, promptly caught the spirit 
of the nation's war purposes, appreciated the con- 
sideration which forced us into the war, and be- 
came prominent and active in mobilization. But 
some of tliem were of another mind. A part of 




FRANK A. DAY. 

Editor of Fairmont Sentinel since 1874. Member of E.xecutive 
Committee of War Board. Had two sons in service. 



these had personal associations with Germany before 
the United States entered the war, and for this 
reason wanted Germany to win, and even after the 
United States entered the war. could not reconcile 
themselves to tlie thought of Germany's defeat. It 
was a shock to others of them who had themselves 
or whose fathers had come from Europe to escape 
from military service and the quarrels of dynasties. 
to see the United States drawn into the whirlpool 
of world politics. They opposed this before the dec- 
laration, and the attitude of some of them remained 
the same even after the declaration. The test of 
loyalty in war times is whether a man is whole- 
heartedly for the war and subordinates everything 
else to its successful prosecution. There were many 
in Minnesota in 1917 who were not loyal in this 
sense. Some of them were traitors, deserving of 
their fate which followed. Some of them were good 
citizens in most of the concerns of life and as long 
as this type of the disloyal thought and acted as in- 
dividuals, no public danger attended their perverted 
attitude. 'The public danger came when the anti- 
war feeling assumed the shape of concerted and pub- 
lic propaganda, and it assumed this shape here in 



24 



the spring and summer of 191T. The ^Minnesota men 
who were disloyal in the sense above defined then 
formed a constituency of considerable size and there 
appeared leaders and spokesmen to organize tliem 
and give expression to their opinions. Misinterpret- 
ing the constitutional guaranty of freedom of speech 
and of the press, these leaders thought, or pretended 
to think, that even in war times they could prop- 
erly oppose the government's policies in speech and 
writings. These leaders were of three classes: (\) 
Professional and theoretical pacifists who or.ganizcd 
for a nation-wide anti-war campaign, the so-called 
People's Peace Council and similar bodies; (2) Men 
of pro-German traditions and sympathies, who were 
opposed to the war because Germany was one of 
the combatants. The troubles from this type of 
leaders showed themselves first most conspicuously 
in the Minnesota Valley, culminating in the New 
Ulm episode of July, 1017; (3) Professional politi- 
cians of the Socialist or Non-partisan league stamp, 
who sought to win votes at their country's cost by 
pandering to treasonable sentiment. The Commis- 
sion undertook to kindle the back fires of patriotism 
among the rank and file of this ilk by devices already 
referred to. With the leaders it used the mailed 
fist." 

In combatting and supressing disloyalty some of 
the more prominent actions in the state was the pre- 
vention, by order of Gov. Burnquist who at all times 
closely co-ordinated the executive function with 
that of the commission, of the national conference of 
the Peace Council at Minneapolis, September, 19t7; 
preferred charges at Washington against pro-Ger- 
man newspapers and endeavored to have them ex- 
cluded from the mails; instituted proceedings against 
the mayor, city attorney and others who sponsored 
the anti-draft demonstration in New Ulm, July, 
1917; collated evidence against socialistic agitators 
and laid such evidence before the United States dis- 
trict attorney; cited the president of the Non-parti- 
san League before the commission for examination; 
preferred charges against United States Senator La- 
Follette for his speech at St. Paul in September, 
1917, and asked his expulsion; exercised a constant 
surveillance of public gatherings, some of which were 
prevented by force in Martin county, when their ob- 
jects appeared to the war board to be seditionary, 
disloyal and calculated to hamper, hinder and harass 
the government in the prosecution of the war. 

Again quoting from the Commission's official re- 
port there follows a summary of the factors that 
made and maintained Minnesota as a loyal common- 
wealth during tlie trying war period: 

"The most powerful agency were the newspapers 
of the state, which with few exceptions struck and 
sustained a high tone of loyal agitation. The coun- 
ty ofiicers performed duties outside their statutory' 
obligations with real zeal and fidelity. The patriotic 
leagues, loyalty leagues, four minute men associa- 
tions and other similar bodies were of .great value in 
kindling tlie fires of patriotism. * * * Effective team 
work and union of efforts between all were secured 
and greater results for the public good achieved." 

Ceaseless activity characterized the county War 
Board. It was on the job days, nights, Sundaj'S. Its 
officers, executive committee and members were 
constantly ready to perform any duty asked of them. 
County headquarters were maintained in Fairmont 
at the offices of the chairman, Clifford E. Jones. 
During the more active months of the war period 
no day passed that there were not important mat- 
ters to be dealt with. The board performed its du- 
ties fearlessl}', conscientiously and patriotically. Due 
to the efficient organization and with the fullest co- 
operation of the precinct war boards in all parts of 



the county no situation arose that was not handled 
with expedition and thoroughness. 

In one matter the board was specially fortunate. 
It at all times had the heartiest support and co- 
operation of a fearless and intensely loyal county 
attorney and sheriff. The former office was held by 
Albert R. Allen, who had two sons in service, and 
the latter by William S. Carver, who was also a 
member of the county draft board and an oflicer in 
the Motor Corps. To what extent a tendency to 
disloyalty in some sections was curbed through the 
prompt and often drastic measures taken by these 
two officials cannot be accurately approximated. 
They fully realized that the country was at war. 
that disloyalty and treason to some extent existed 
and if allowed to show itself without prompt sup- 
pression serious trouble would ensue. Sedition and 
unlawful assembly statutes and war measures were 
therefore vigorously enforced. There were a con- 
siderable number of prosecutions and convictions, 
details of which may well be omitted at this time 
though those convicted will he held obiects of ob- 
loquy and scorn so long as they remain personally 
or in the memory of loyal citizens residents of Mar- 
tin county. 

On one occasion use of the rural guards was in- 
voked. June 8, 1918, a meeting was advertised in 
the northwestern part of the county by an organ- 
ization considered disloyal. The principal address 
was to have been given by a candidate for govern- 
or of Minnesota, wliose vote at the November elec- 
tion of the same year was an accurate "loyalty 
map" of the county. Sheriff Carver was ordered to 
use whatever force was necessary to prevent the 
meeting. More than 1,000 persons assembled. The 
sheriff, deputies and many of the rural guards, under 
arms, were present. As soon as the speaker under- 
took to address the crowd he and other ringleaders 
were arrested. Trouble was narrowly averted but 
despite hot-headed acts by one or two law and or- 
der prevailed. It is but fair to state that many in 
the assemblage were loyal, being attracted by curi- 
osity to the meeting. 

Following each of the four liberty loans there 
were complaints of persons who either actually ob- 
structed the work by disloyal utterances and teach- 
ings or refused to subscribe their allotted amounts. 
The same thing was true in drives for Red Cross, 
united welfare and other funds. In the third and 
fourth loans especially, the war board being then 
vested with extraordinary powers by the Public 
Safety Association, there were large numbers of 
reluctant and obstinate bond buyers summoned be- 
fore the board. In each case there was careful in- 
vestigation and if found financially able the recal- 
citrant was forced to take bonds in proportion to 
his means. Extended sessions were held for the in- 
vestigation of these cases and there were several 
convictions in district court growing therefroin. 

The war board was a most iinportant part of the 
splendid "army behind the armies" that so thor- 
oughly unified the nation in its support of the war. 
The work of its members was second in importance 
only to that of the fighting men at the front. The 
men who gave so fulh' and freely in this service are 
entitled to and accorded gratitude and honor from 
every citizen who stood squarely and loyally behind 
the government and its armed forces. In the try- 
ing period of international strife they formed a bul- 
wark of strength that not only effectually resisted 
the intrigues and desires of those of our own popu- 
lation who were disposed to lend aid and comfort 
to the enetny but made possible the carrying 
through to successful eventuation every activity 
tending to the triumph of our armies and navy. 




^L'Zy' 



ADAMS, Walter W. (1) 

Chairman Public Safety, Nashville Twp. Active in all war work. 
Had a son in service. Has resided in Martin County 52 years. 



BROCKMAN. George E. (IG) 

Red Cross chairman and active war worker. Triumph. Post- 
master at Triumph. Born in Martin County. I lad a son in 
service. 



ALLEN, William E. (2) 



Chairman V. M. C. A. and War Board member, Rolling Green 
Twp. On all drives. Born in Martin County Sept. ii, 1867. 
Had a son in service. 



BRODT, Herman W. (17) 

Chairman of ^^ M. C. A. for Fraser Twp., and solicitor on all 
drives. Born at Martin County, Minn., Nov. 14, 1880. 



ALSWORTH, Reed C. (3) 

Liberty Loan Chairman and war worker on all drives, Jay Twp. 
Had a son in service. 



BROUN, A. G. T. (18) 

Mfiiihcr War Buard, Sherhurn, Liberty Loan, Red Cross, etc. 
Two sons in service. Came to Martin County, April 3, 1884. 
Born at Ldinburg. Scotland, Dec. 18, 1866. 



ALTON, A. E. (4) 

Chairman of Y. M. C. A. and member of War Board, Ceylon. 
Native of Martin County. Active in all war work. 



BROWN, Wilbur G. (19) 

Member War Board of Rolling Green Twp. Born in Wisconsin, 
Jan. 7, 1864. Resident of Martin County since July, 1864. 
Twp. Chairman America First and engaged in all war activities. 
Two sons in service, one on honor roll. 



AMMANN, Frank. (5) 

Mfiiihcr of War i'.nard, Manyaska Twp, 
Wis., May u, 1S73 



Born at Dodge Co.. 
Red Cross chairman and active in all war 



BULFER, John. (20) 

K. C. chairman, I-airtnont Twp. 
14, 1880. 



Born at Sublette, 111., Dec. 



APPELQUIST, C. G. (6) 



Member W^ar Board, Uunnell. Born in Sweden, Aug. 21, 1871. 
Worked in all civilian activities and drives. Two sons in the 
service. 



BULOCK, George W. (21) 



Chairman Public Safety, Fraser Twp. On all war drives. 
Born at Grant County, Wis., Nov. 4, i860. Resident of Martin 
County since 1872. 



AXFORD, C. Claude. (7) 

^■. .M. ;". A. cliairniaii and active nicniber of War Board, Rutland 
Twp. IJorn Jan. 2, 1S88, at Salisbury, England. Worked in all 
jrives. 



BURKE, Richard. (22) 

K. C. secretary and member of War Board, Cedar Twp. Born in 
Illinois. June iz, 1865. Active in all war drives. 



BECKER, A. C. (8) 

War Savings chairman and active War Board member. Rutland 
Twp. Town clerk. Took part in all drives. 



BURTON, B. A. (23) 

Member War Board and [liberty Loan Committee, Granada and 
Center Creek. 



BEHRENS, Julius C. (9) 

ChaiT iiKiii. l-ilicrty Loan. Fraser Twp. Born Feb. 2, 188S. 
Fraser Twp., Martin County. Active in all Liberty Loan, Ked 
Cross and other drives. 



BURNS, John. (24) 

.Member War lioard. East Chain Twp. Two sons in service. 
Liberty Loan. Red Cross and other war activities. Resident of 
Martin County since 189J. Born in Wis., Sept. 6, 1865. 



BLANCHAR, Clarence L. (10) 

Chairman Public .Safety and War Board member. Fox Lake 
Twp. Born at Money Creek, Minn., Feb. 20, 1876. On all 
drives. 



BUTZ, J. A., M. D. (2.5) 

Chairman of l.ihert\' Loans, Monterey. Member Medical Ad- 
visory Board. t hairnian Triumph-Monterey Chapter Red Cross. 
Member X'olunteer Medical Service Corps. Member Motor Corps. 
Born at Uysart, Iowa, Aug. 30. 1878. 



BOLER, A. M. (11) CANRIGHT, Harry H. (2G) 

Kcd O-uss cbairman, .Xashvillc Twp. Born at Nashville, Oct. chairm:in I'lihljc Safety, cily of I'airmont. Member of War 

Bnnrd. Captain of Home (lUard Co. Born in Martin County, 
1878. 



Assisted in all war work. 



BOMBOY, Ned R. (12) CARLSON, John. (27) 

Red Cross Chan-man, I'airmont City. Served on many war com- chairman Public Safety, Elm Creek Twp., and active in all war 
"""^'^^- work. Born in Sweden, July 5, 1865. 



BORCHARDT, Robert. (13) 



CARLSON, Maynard. (28) 



Liberty Loan chaivman, Manyaska, Twp. Active worker on all ( |,,',i,n,an. Pleasant Prairie Twp. Born at Pleasant 

War Board matters and <lnves. j,^^.,.,^ .j.^^.^, _ March 2, 1888. Served on all war drives. 



BOUDRYE, Eli. (14) 



CARTER, Frederick W. (29) 



Liberty Loan chairman, Ciranada. Prominent and active in all Chairman Liberty Loan and member War Board, Galena Twp. 
war activities. Native of Martin County. O,^ all drives, active war worker. Born in England, March 17, 

1870. Came to Martin County in 1890. 



BOYCE, William R. (1.5) 

Chairman, 3rd and 4th Liberty Loans, Rutland Twp., after 

return from service. Born in Rutland Twp., June 4, 1S70. 

Veteran of Siianish War, Mexican border and W^orld War. 
Had son in service. 



CHRISTENSEN, C. H, (30) 

Cliairman K. C. and member War Board. Galena Twp. Born 
.luly 27, iS.sg, at Calamus, Iowa. Worked on Liberty Loan and 
Red Cross drives. Had a son in the service. 



27 




i:^ .^^y^-^^k^ 



COLEMAN, Charles E. (1) 



Member War Hoard, jrti Ward, Fairmont. Born at Mcilenry 
County, III.. March 22, 1848. Civil War veteran, Co. C, 142nd 
111. \'ol. Inf. Connected with all war drives and activities. 



GEMMILL, John M. (1(5) 

V. M. C. A. chairman, Jay Twp. Born Ontario, Canada, July 
25, 1867. Came to Martin County in 1916. Very active in all 
war work. 



COOPER, Ezra A. (2) 

C li.'iii mail riililic Safety and on all drives, Dunnell. Minn. Born 
at Dodge County. Wis., ^Marcli 21, 1863. Resident of Martin 
County since 1894. 



CROSS, C. H. (3) 

Y. M. C. A. chairman, Jay Twp. and member of county War 
Board. Born at Cazenovia, 111., Aug. 8, 1874. Active in all 
war work. 



GERBER, John. (17) 

I'uel administrator, Welcome. Born at Booneville, N. J., May 

6, iS6i. 



GOETZ, George. (18) 

C bairman Amtrica birst. Fraser Twp. Born Green Lake County, 
\\is., Feb. 25, 1859. Came to Martin County, 1870. Had a son 
in the service. 



CROWTHER, Addison T. (4) 

Cliairnian ^'. M. C. A. and on all war drives, Fairmont Twp. 
Born at Waui'un, Wis.. Jan. 19, 1859. Resident on one farm in 
Martin County since 1S65. 



GOULD, Fred C. (19) 

I'ublic Safety chairman and member war board, Fairmont Twp. 
Worked on all drives and committees. Life long resident of 
Martin County. Had two sons in service. 



DAVISON, Charles B. (5) 

Red Cross chairman, Center Creek Twp. Born Center Creek 
Twp., April 20, 1878. Active in all war drives and loyalty 
work. 

DREWES, Henry H. (6) 

Y. M. C. A. secretary, and member of War Board, Galena Twp. 
Active in all war matters. 



GRAY, William. (20) 

Cluiinnaii Liberty Loan and War Board. Lake Belt Twp. Born 
at Cedar County, Iowa, Xov. 6, 1852. Came to Martin County 
in 1904. 

GRIGGS, James D. (21) 

Mt-mber Executive Committee, Public Safety Association. Born at 
New York City, March i6. 1853. Civil War veteran. Post- 
master at Truman. Active on Liberty Loan and other drives. 



DICKINSON, Fred. (7) 



War Sa\iii^;s cliairman and member War Board. Fairmont Twp. 
Native of Martin County. General war worker. 



GRILL, Charles. (22) 

Chairman War Savmgs and Fuel Administrator, Sherburn. Born 
at Clinton County, Iowa, Dec i, 1869. Came to Martin County 
in 1892. Active on all war drives. 



DRAEGERT, Emil. (8) 

Meiiiber county war board. West ford Twp. Chairman Red 
Cross committee and took part in all war drives. Born at 
Keokuk county, Iowa, March 19, 1861. 



GRILL, William. (23) 

Chairman Red Cross and member War Board, Elm Creek Twp. 
Born at DeWitt. Iowa, Aug. 18, 1868. Resided in Martin 
County since 1895. Active in all war matters. 



EDWARDS, Huntington P. (9) 

C bairman Amtrica 1-irst and Liberty Loans, Fairmont. Born 
at Ashtabula County, Ohio, Dec. 6, 1847. Resident of Minne- 
sota since 1863. Served in the Civil War and had a son in mili- 
tary service in World War. 



HAGEN, John H. (24) 

Cliairnian Public Safety, Galena Twp. Born in Galena Twp., 
Sept. 12, 1877. Assisted in draft registration and all drives 
of every character during the war. 



EISENMENGER, John. (10) 

K. C. cliairman, member of W'ar Board and worker on all com- 
mittees. Jay Twp. 



HALL, H. M. (25) 

Chairman America First, member of War Board and draft regis- 
trar, Nashville Twp. Born at Faribault county, Minn., Jan. 4, 
1876. 



EGLIN, Benj. L. (11) 

Y. M. C. A. chairman and member War Board, Granada. Also 
member of Motor Corps and Liberty Loan committees. Spanish 
War veteran. Born at Anderson, Ind., Aug. 24, 1870. 



HALKNEY, E. W. (36) 

Chairman Liberty Loan and on all war drives, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Omro, Wis., Sept. 27, 1864. 



EVANS, Manford C. (12) 

Editor Sherburn Advance-Standard. Ran a loo per cent Ameri- 
can newspaper during war. Native of Minnesota. 



HARBER, N. C. (37) 

War Savmgs chaiiman and member War Board Waverly Twp. 
Worked on Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives. Born at Hamlin, 
West Va., Aug. 3, i8S;. 



FEELY, Patrick H. (13) 

Chairman Safety Association, Silver Lake Twp. Born in Ireland, 
March i8, 1862. Came to Martin County in 1887. Took part in 
all drives. Had two sons in service. 



HARRIS, Dan. (28) 

War Board member. Silver Lake. Y. M. C. A. chairman. Did 
work on all drives. Born Humboldt County, Iowa, April 3, 
1876. Resident of Martin C^ounty since 1911. 



FREDERICKSON, Frederick. (14) 

Pastor Fairmont M. E. church. Active in Red Cross, Liberty 
Loan and other drives. Served as speaker at many war meetings. 
Born at Windom, Minn., Dec. 21, 1872. 



HATCH, Orville C. (20) 

Chairman America First, Center Creek Twp. Born in Martin 
County, Sept. 19, 1885. Active worker on all drives. 



GAUGH, Dr. W. H. (15) 

Red Cross chairman, Granada. Took part in all drives and war 
work. 



HELVIG, Martin. (30) 

Chairman of K. C. and member of War Board, Waverly Twp. 
Active in all drives. Born at Clinton County, Iowa, March 29, 
1872. Came to Martin County in 1901. 



29 



HOLTZ, William. (1) 

Chairman Liberty Loan and member War Board. Elm Creek Twp. 
Coin in Germany, May 5, 1857. Active worker on all war mat- 
ters. 



LINDER, Albin W. (16) 

Liberty Loan cliairnian. Lake Kremont Twp. 
Martin County. 



Native son of 



HUSTON, Jesse R. (2) 

Cliaiiman War Savings and member War Board, Ceylon, where he 
was principal of schools. Organized Junior Red Cross. General 
Ked Cross worker. Born Sauk Rapids, Minn., Feb. 5, 1890. 



LINDER, John A. (17) 

Chairman America First and member War Board, Dunnell. On 
all Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives. Born at Rockford, 111., 
Dec. 25, 186S. 



JAHNKE, F. H. (3) 

K. C. Chairman, War Board member, West ford Twp. Worked 
on various drives. 



LOWE, Franklin J. (18) 

.Member War lioaid, Fairmont Twp. Twp. chairman for Liberty 
Loan. Resided in Fairmont Twp. 39 years. Born at Chicago, 
lil.. Aug. 19, 1877. 



JENSEN, Peter. (4) 

Chairman Liberty Loan, East Chain Twi^. Born in Denmark. 
May 3, 1872. Came to Martin County in 1901. Active in all 
drives. Two sons in service, one deceased. 



LUCKE, George. (19) 

Chairman America l-'irst. Jay Twp. Born in Michigan, Dec. 23, 
1858. Resident of Martin County since 1904. Active in all 
drives. 



JOSTEN, Hans C. (5) 

( haiini;iii America hirst and member of War Board and solicitor 
>in all di ives in Cedar Twp. Born in Norway, Dec. 1 8, j868. 
I ame to Martin County in 1878. 



MADAY, John. (20) 

Chairman K. C. and member of War Board. East Chain Twp. 
In all drives. Born at Lockport. 111., Oct. i, 1885. 



JURGENSON, George C. ((,) 

Chairman War Savings and solicitor Liberty Loans and Red 
Cross. Wcstford Twj). Born in Denmark, May 20, 1877. Came 
to .Martin County in 1878. 



MADAY, Thomas. (21) 



Red Cross chairman. War Board worker. Silver Lake Twp. Had 
a son in service. 



KAHLER, Theodore. (7) 



( haniirin n| War Sa\ logs and on all drives in Manyaska Twp. 
Bui 11 at Du I'a^t- County. III., Nov. 19, 1S65. Resident of ]\Iartin 

County since 18S4. 



KEARNEY, Patrick J. (8) 

I'astur of St. L'lke's Church. Sherburn. Born in Ireland, Aug. 
20, 1888. Chaplain Martin County Motor C"orps. Assisted in 
Red Cross, Salvation Army, Knights of Columbus and other 
activities. 



KRIEBS, Peter J. (9) 

K. C . chairman and member War Board. Lake Fremont Twp. 
Bi.rn in Luxemburg, May 17, 187J. Came to Martin County 
1884. Solicitor in all drives. 



MARTIN, A. C. (22) 

Red Cross chairman. Cedar Twp. and worker on all war proj- 



MAXWELL, John R. (23) 

Chairman Public Safety, Center Creek Twp. Burn heb. 22, 1876, 
at Martinsville. 111., jiid Lt. Co. C, 4tli Bn.. Motor Corps. 
Helped put Center Creek over in all drives. 



MILOW, Leo A. (24) 



Member E.xecutive Committee County Public Safety Association. 
County commissioner. Public -Safety and Liberty Loan chairman, 
Tenhassen Twp. Born at Beecher, 111., Oct. 9, 1873. Came to 
Martin County, 1891. 



KRUEGER, Charles. (10) 

Member War Board, Cialena Twp.. County Commissioner. Born 
at Cook County. 111., April 6, 1874. Resided in Martin County 
since 1883. Active in all township war drives. 



MURRAY, Richard. (25) 

Chairman Public Safety and connected with all War Board work 
and drives. Rolling Green Twp. Born in Martin County, Jan. 
13, 1869. Had a son in military service. 



LAMPERD, James. (11) 

Chairman Liberty Loan, Rolling Green Twp. Born at Southamp- 
ton, England, Dec. 4, 1S68. Came to Martin County in iSS-'. 
Assisted in Red Cross and all other war work. 



MUSSER, Joseph C. (26) 



Chairman I'ublie Safety, Rutland Tw]t. Born Steele County, 
iMinn., Dec. 15, 1872. Resident of Martin County 40 years. In 
all war activities. Had a son in service. 



LANDSTEINER, Frank. (12) 

K. C. Chairman and member War Board, 
mi t tee worker. Had a son in service. 



Tenhassen 



Com- 



MUSSMAN, George H. (27) 

War Savings chairman, war worker, Rolling Green Twp. Had 



son in service. 



LARSON, Charles L. (13) 

Chairman Public Safety and member of all war committees. 
Lake Fremont Twp. Born in Sweden, Dec. 23, 187 1. Came to 
Martin County in 18S3. 



NILSSON, Sven. (28) 

Chairman Y. M. C. .\., Tenhassen Twp. 
2. 1854- 



Born in Sweden, Dec. 



LARSON, Oscar L. (14) 

Public Safety Chairman, Jay Twp. Born in that Twp., Aug. 
1881. Active war worker in all drives and meetings. 



NOLTE, G. H. (29) 

War Savings chairman, member of War Board, committee w^orker. 
Eraser Twp. 



LEVIK, Andrew. (15) 

Chairman Liberty Loan, Waverly Twp. Born at Stavanger, 
Norway, Sept. 20, 1866. Came to America in 1888. In all 
civilian war activities. 



NOWICKI, Frank J. (:;()) 

War Board member fi om Silver Lak^ Twn. Twp. t hatrman 
America First. Silver Lake had largest Twp. membership in 
county — 160. Canvassed in all war drives. Born at Posen, 
Poland, July 22, 1872. In Martin County since 1S82. 



31 



NOWICKI, John S. (1) 

Chaiiiiiaii Liberty Luan and active menibt-r uf War Itoanl, Sil- 
ver Lake 'l"wp. Born at Posen, I'oland, Dtc. 12, 1876. Came 
to Martin County in i8go. 



ROHWEDDER, John E. (10) 

Cliairniaii \ . AL C. A. and vice-chairman Liberty Loan, Elm 
Creek Iwp. Born at Davenport. Iowa, July 26, 1871. Accepted 
for enlistement just before armistice. Active in all war work. 



OLSON, John. (2) 



ROSA, George. (17) 



Chairman Public Safety and on all Liberty T-^oan and Red Cross Red Cross cliairnian and worker in all war activities, Fairmont 
drives. Cedar Twp. Born in Sweden, March 9, 1867. Came Twp. Had a son in service, 
to Martin County in 1894. Had a son in military service. 



OLSON, Mens. ^ 

Chairman Pviblic Safety, West ford, on Liberty Loans and all 
patriotic movements. Born in Sweden, Oct. 9, 186S. 



ROWLEY, O. G. (18) 

C liairmaii America First and member of War Board, East Chain 
Twp. Active loyalty worker and on all drives. Born at East 
Chain, Oct. 25, 1861. Had a son in military service. 



PAUP, F. O. (4) 

Chairman America First, Manyaska Twp.. and made drives for 
everything called for. Born at Erie, Kansas, Jan. 7, 1875. 



RYDER, Willis. (U») 

V. M. C. A, chairman and member War Board, Westford Twp. 
Took active part in all drives and war activities. Born at Dodge 
County, Wis., Sept. 14. 1862. 



PASLEY, Decatur C. (5) 

War Sa\iiiij:s ch;iiniian. Lake Belt Twp. Born at Story County, 
luwa. 1\1j. j5. I'S;4. As a member of the War Board did all he 
could ti> help win the war. 



SAGGAU, Henry A. (20) 

Red Cross chairman and member War Board, Ceylon. Born at 
Schoenberg, Ilolstein, Germany, Jan. 13. i86r. Active in all 
war work. Had a son in military service. 



PATCHIN, R. S. (6) 

Liberty Loan chairman, Nashville Twp. On all war activities. 
Born at Nashville Twp., Oct. 29, 1873. 



PETERSON, C. Linus. (7) 

Chairman War Savings, member uf War Board. Lake Fremont. 
Twp. .^Vctive in all war work. 



PETERSON, Peter J. E. (8) 

Cliaii man i>i \. M. C. .\. and member of War Board, Waverly 
Tw|i. In all dri\'i.'s. Bum at Clinton County, Iowa, Jan. 24, 
1886. Came to Martin County in 1892. 



PLATH, William A. (9) 

Red Cross cliairman, Teuhassen Twp. and member County War 
Board. Born in Illinois, Oct. 4. 1874. Resident of Martin 
County over 30 years. General war worker in all activities. 



SALISBURY, John C. (21) 

( liairman America I'irst. Slicrburn, and solicitor in all Red Cross, 
Liberty Loan and other drives. Born at Saxboro, Vermont, 
May 27, 1861. Resident of .Martin County 25 years. Had a 
son in the service. 



SANDIN, Frank A. (22) 

Chairman V. M. C. A. and on Liberty Loan and Red Cross 
drives, Dunnell. Born at Pecatonica, 111., April 4, 1870. Came 
to Martin County same year. 



SANTEE, Simon. {23) 

Chairman America First, Fairmont Twp. Born in Pennsylvania, 



SARGENT, David A. (24) 

Chairman of Liberty Loan, Westford Twp. Born in New Hamp- 
shire in 1854. Early settler of Martin County. 



PROUTY, James S. (10) 

Meinl>er War Board. Granada. .Assisted Liberty Loan and Red 
Cross drives. Member motor corps. Born Steuben County, 
N. Y., Sept. 15, 1867. 



SARTORIUS, H. H. (25) 



Chairman America First and member War Board. Welcome. Had 
a son in service. 



PYTLESKI, John. (U) 

Chairman I'ublic Safety and K. of C, Silver Lake Twp. Mem- 
ber of motor corps and rural guards. General war worker. 



SEABERG, G. M. (26) 

(_"liriirinan America First, 'I'rurnaii. Born Vestergotland, Swede 
Feb. 24, 1S78. 



RABBE, Dick. (12) 

Chairman Liberty Loan and active on all War Board matters, 
Cedar Twp. Horn in Ciermany, April 16, 1877. Resident of 
Martin County since 1897. 



SHEPPARD, Harry. (27) 

Chairman Public Safety Commission, Waverly Twp. Born in 
England, July 21. j866. In all loan and charitable drives. 



REDING, P. C. (13) 



Y. M. C. A. Chairn.an and member County War Board, Monterey, 
Minn. Roi-n at Algona, Iowa, April i, 1892. 



SILCOX, Marion H. (28) 

Chairman V. M. C. A., Lake Fremont Twp., and active in all 
Liberty Loan and other drives. Born at Lake Fremont Twp., 
Oct. 17, 1885. 



RHOADS, W. A. (14) 

Chairman America First, Monterey. Member Liberty Loan com- 
mittees. Born at Lancaster, Mo., Jan. 19, 1873. 



ROEBKE, John L. (15) 

Cliairman Red Cross, Sherburn, Minn. Also engaged in other 
war u nrk. Through his free services as auctioneer tens of 
thousands of dollars were raised at Red Cross auctions in Martin 
and other comities. Born at Ontario ville, 111., Nov. 24, 1870. 
Had a son in service. 



SILL, Frank M. (29) 

Chairman .\meriea First. Leylon, and on all drives. Born in 
Ohio. Oct. JO, 1S5T. Came to Martin County in i8gi. 



SILL, Guy M. (30) 

Chairman America First. Tenhassen Twp. and on all drives. 
Born at Wright County. Iowa, Dec, 8, 1878. Resident of 
Martin County since igoi. 



33 



SJOGREN, Carl. (1) 



Chairman War Savings, Cedar Twp. Born in Sweden, Oct. 
29, 187 1. Active in all war work. 



THOMPSON, G. Curtiss. (13) 

Red Cross chairman, Fraser Twp. Member county War Board. 
Born Nov. 17, 1875, at Alma City, Minn. Active in all war 
matters. 



SNYDER, Fred C. (2) 

Chairmnn Anit-rica l'"irst and active in all drives. Rutland Twp. 
Born at Churchvillc, N. Y., March 28, 1871. Resident of Martin 
County since 1871. 



VOGEL, William. (14) 

Chaii'man 5th Liberty Loan aiid solicitor in all drives, Fairmont 
Twi>. Born in Germany, July 22, 1882, came to Martin County 
in 1897. 



SOPER, David. (3) 

\'. M. C. A. chairnian and in all War Board activities, Fox 
Lake Twp. lUtrn at I'ort Hope, Canada, March 2, 1864. Resi- 
dent of ^lartin County since 1866. 



VOLLRATH, William. (15) 

Member Executive Committee County Safety Association. Chair- 
man board of county commissioners. Born Will County, 111., 
April 7, 1873. Resident Martin County since 1888. Red Cross 
chairman Lake Fremont Twp., active in all Liberty Loan and 
other drives. 



SORENSEN, Martin M. (4) 



Liberty Loan chairman, 
mark. 



Dunnell. 



WARTMAN, Peter. (16) 

Born Dec. 5, 1883, in Den- Safety Cnmmission cliairman, Monterey. Born in Carver County, 
:\linn., March 6, 1869. Member of all local committees and on 
all drives. 



SPIELMAN, Frank H. (5) 

War S;i\'ings chairman, Fox Lake Twp. Born at St. Charles, 
.Minn., April 14, 1883. On Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives. 



WELLCOME, Bert, (ir) 

Chairman America First and Member of War Board and all 
committees. Kim Creek Twp. Born at Cerro Gordo County, 
Iowa, April 22, 1877. Came to Martin County in 1885. 



SPRAGUE, John H. (6) 

Member of War Board, Kutland Twp. Liberty Loan, Legal 
Advisory Board, Red Cross and other war activities. 



STEELE, Lora W. (7) 

l-!.xtfcutive Committee, Martin County Public Safety Association, 
Cedar Twp. Born Cedar 'i w'l'., Martin County, Aug. 19, 1877. 
Active in all war work. 



STREIT, N. G. (8) 

( liairniaii K. C. Ftutland Twp. and active on all war drives. 



SULLIVAN, George. (9) 

Cliairinriii .\nuriLa [■"irst. Pleasant Prairie. Born Martin County, 
.Minn., Jan. 23, 1S74. .\ctive in all war drives. 



TERNBERG, C. W. (10) 

Chairman War Savings, East Chain Twp., and on all Liberty Loan 
and other drives and all war activities. Born in Sweden, Oct. 
12, 1881. 



WENBERG, August. (18) 



Red Crcis* t hairman. Dunnell. and member county War Board. 
Born in Sweden, Oct. 22, 1867, came to Martin County in 1870. 
In all war drives. Postmaster at Dunnell. Had two sons in 
service. 



WHERLAND, Frank H. (19) 

Chairman Safctv Commission and member War Board. Welcome. 
Born in England, May i8, 1867. Came to Martin County in 
1876. On all war drives. 



WILTSE, Wilber W. (20) 

Chairman American First and member War Board from Lake 
Belt Twp. Born at Lake Belt Twp., Jan. 24, 1887. Member 
of Motor Corps and general war worker. 



WOHLHUTER, Philip. (21) 



Libtrt>' Loan cliairman. worker on all drives. Fox Lake Twp. 
Had two sons in service. 



WOODS, J. R. (23) 

Chairman America First, Lake Fremont Twp. Member of Motor 
Corps. Born at Estherville, Iowa, Aug. 22, 1 890. 



TERVEER, John. (11) 

Chairman of War Savings and K. C., Elm Creek Twp. Born in 
Germany, June 24, 1871. Came to jMartin County i8g8. Loyal 
worker on all drives. 



WORTHLEY, Prentiss D. (23) 

Chairman V. M. C. A., Jay Twp. and member County War Board. 
Born at Bangor, Maine, Nov. 20, 1850. Solicitor in the various 
war drives. 



THATE, Charles F. (13) nuTHT vv 

Liberty Loan chairman. Pleasant Prairie Twp., and member WORTHLEY, Ralph H. (34) 

county War Board. Born at Hanover, Germany, April 23, 1868. War Savings chairman and worker of war drives, Galena Twp. 

Loyal worker in all war drives. Native of Martin County. 



35 



Co. B, 6th Battalion Home Guard 



W'itli the declaration of war it was a certainty that 
the national guard of the state, consisting of three 
regiments of infantry and one of artillery (with aux- 
iliary units) would be speedily called to federal ser- 
vice outside the state. This emergency left the state 
facing a situation where military forces at the dis- 
posal of the governor for such internal necessity as 
might arise were wholly lacking. 

With tremendous industries vital to the success 
of the war, a large element of the population whose 
attitude toward the war was hostile or poorly un- 
derstood, and threatened industrial disturbances, it 
was at once apparent to the State Safety Commis- 
sion that some kind of armed, disciplined and trained 
force was immediately necessary. 

One of the earliest orders of the commission, No. 
3, dated April 28, 1917, provided for the organization 
of the Home Guard of Minnesota, this body to be 
under the direct command of the governor, eligible 
to duty within the state only, and organized into 
seven separate battalions, later increased to ten, dis- 
tributed throughout the state at such points as the 
commander in chief might designate. 

The period of enlistment was for the period of 
the war. To be eligible for enlistment men were 
required to be without the limits of draft age or prop- 
erly e.xempted from federal military duty. Mem- 
bers served without pay except when actually on 
duty away from their home stations when they were 
paid a nominal sum. 

Under this order Gov. Burnquist assigned Co. B 
of the (ith Battalion to Fairmont. A proper number 
of members was speedily obtained and on July 18, 
1917, Harry H. Canright, a former national guards- 
man with long experience as both enlisted man and 
officer, was commissioned captain. Ernest N. Chute, 
formerly captain of Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., national 
guard, which had been called into federal service, 
was commissioned first lieutenant on Aug. 23, 1917. 
On the same date Emil C. Belina, also with exten- 
sive national guard experience, was commissioned 
second lieutenant. 

Capt. Canright was a druggist, Lieut. Chute a vet- 
erinary surgeon and implement dealer, and Lieut. 
Belina proprietor of a garage. All resided at Fair- 
mont. After 11 months of service Lieut. Chute re- 
signed upon the re-organization of the Minnesota 
national guard to again accept the captaincy of Co. 
G, 5th Infantry, stationed at Fairmont, and the sub- 
ject of a suitable sketch in another part of this vol- 
ume. To fill the vacancy thus created Sergt. G. H. 
Borgwardt was commissioned 2nd Lieut, and Lieut. 
Belina promoted to 1st Lieut. 

One hundred and twenty-two men served in Co. 
B. Several of these were dischar.ged July 30, 1918, 
to enlist in the national guard. A few were dis- 
charged before the final disbandin,g of the command 
for removal from company station and other causes. 
The personnel included many of the most prominent 
business and professional men of Fairmont. Many 
of them had previous military experience and the 
command was always at a high state of efficiency and 
discipline. 

Fred W. Kramer, James H. Clark, Herman A. 
Frankfurt, Robert W. Stewart and F. L. Graham 
were veterans of the Spanish-American war. John 
Krumholz and Erwin Olson served several months 
in the World War, havin.g been discharged for 
physical deficiency. C. J. Timms and H. E. Wolfe 



were discharged to enter Y. M. C. A. war work 
abroad. G. W. Dewey and R. C. Lowe left the 
command to become officers in the medical corps of 
the U. S. army. Claude O. Willette also entered the 
U. S. army but was physically disqualified after a 
short time. Privates E. C. Hyde, E. E. Leonard, 
A. B. Loonier, Richard A. Murray and C. W. Patter- 
son had sons in the army. 

Rifles were issued the Home Guard by the state 
of Minnesota but they provided their own uniforms 
and other equipment. This was accomplished by in- 
dividual donations and various enterprises by which 
funds were raised. The company put on a minstrel 
show at Fairmont and other towns which netted a 
fine sum. So well were finances managed that at 
demobilization the company had funds for a final 
farewell banquet and some money left over. 

Regular weekly drill was held and faithfully at- 
tended. Due to the former experience of many of 
the members the company quickly became 100 per 
cent efficient in the manual of arms, school of the 
soldier, squad, platoon and company. They pre- 
sented a fine appearance on the many public occa- 
sions where they appeared. 

The only call to active duty came to the company 
Dec. 13, 1917. A general strike of street car and 
other workers in the Twin Cities was called and 
anticipating possible disorder several companies of 
the Home Guard were called out by Gov. Burnquist, 
among them Co. B, which went to Minneapolis. 

The weather was severe, registering 20 below zero. 
Co. B left Fairmont in the early morning of the 
13th only to be informed upon their arrival at Min- 
neapolis that the strike was called ofif. The com- 
pany returned to its home station late on the 14th. 
Thus did their only prospect of serious duty re- 
solve itself into a holiday. 

Upon the several occasions when service men 
entrained at Fairmont for the various camps the 
Home Guard marched with them to the train as an 
escort of honor. As the war progressed and from 
time to time there was shipped back to the home 
town the body of some soldier whose life had been 
given in the service details from Co. B attended 
the obsequies, according the final military honors 
due to one who died for his country. In this sad 
capacity Co. B visited nearly every town and villa.ge 
in Martin countj^ and on a few occasions officiated 
outside the county. 

Armistice Day brought to a close the occasion for 
which the guards were organized. The organization 
was maintained for several weeks thereafter, how- 
ever, and the command participated in the various vic- 
tory celebrations which marked that and succeeding 
dates. The last regular drill was held Dec. 28, 1918. 

Co. B has never been formally mustered out but 
ceased to e.xist of its own volition early in 1919. 
Possibly at some future time the state will recognize 
the service so freely and loyally given by the .guard 
members with honorable discharges. How impor- 
tant was this service can only be conjectured. That 
the presence of such organizations as Co. B through- 
out the state lent security to life and property, sta- 
bilized the public morale and held in check any ten- 
dency toward organized disloyalty or opposition to 
the war cannot be controverted. Had the avenues of 
active military service been open to them there is 
no doubt that the members generally would have 
been identified with the combat forces in the World 
War. 



36 



Roster Co. B, 6th Battalion, Home Guard of Minnesota. 

Name Rank Affe Mustered in Remarks 

Canright, Harry H Capt. 38 Jul. 18,1917 Clustered out with Co. 

Chute, Ernest \ 1st Lt. 45 Aug. 2:!. 1917 Discharged to accept com- 
mission in Nat'l Guard 

Belina, Emil C IstLt. 32 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Borgwardt, George H 2d Lt. 32 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Thompson, Orrin C 1st Sgt. 33 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Dec. 28, 1917. 

Olson, Frank A 1st Sgt. 41 .\ug. 23, 1917 Clustered out with Co. 

Parker, Ralph K Sup. Sgt. 30 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 11, 191S 

Beyer, Fred W Sergt. 41 .\ug. 23. 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Santee. Frank Sergt. 3.j ■'^ug. 23. 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Kuss, Edward C Sergt. 29 -^ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Jackman, Charles O Corp. 38 .'\ug. 23, 1917 Discliarged .March l.^), 1918 

Wilson, Isaac Corp. 36 .\ug. 23, 1017 Mustered out with Co. 

Sargent, William N Corp. 32 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Lovell, John W Corp. 31 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Jones, Ray M Corp. 31 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Flygare, Edward R Corp. 4fi .\ug. 23, 1917 IMustered out with Co. 

Krumkolz, Frank C Corp. 37 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Hyde, Edwin C Corp. 52 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Swearingen, George ..Corp. 41 --^ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Kramer. Fred W Musician 41 ."\ug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30. 1918 

Allison, John W Private 52 .-Xug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 

Anderson. Gustaf F Private 33 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Anderson, .-Mfred W Private 30 Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Bennett, .\lmer L Private 47 Jan. 3. 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Benton, -Albert M Private 43 .Aug. 23, 1917 .Mustered out with Co. 

Brown, Wilbert F Private 34 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discliarged May 13, 1918 

Benson, llcrlicrt -A Private 24 -Aug. 24. 1917 Discharged May 13, 1918 

Bishop, John \V Private 37 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Barow^ski, ,\lbert J Private 37 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Brown, William E Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Discliarged July 30. 1918 

Bump, .Albert G Private 42 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Blanck, F. H. G Private 30 Mch. 14, 1918 Discharged July 30, 1918 

Blanck, .Alfred C Private 22 May 1,1918 Discharged July 30, 191R 

Brown, Herald H Private 19 -Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Borkenhagen, E. H Private 23 -Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Clark, Samuel H Private 53 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Clark, Charlie E Private 35 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 

Clifford. James Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Christianson, B. .A Private 32 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Coupanger, Gust Private 32 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Crowther, L. E Private 27 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Crowther, R. L Private 24 -Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Carver, William S Private 49 -Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 

Clark, James H Private 41 Mch. 16, 1918 Discharged July 30, 191S 

Culver, R. J Private 33 -Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Dec. 28, 1917 

Deaver, Charles O Private 23 Aug. 1,1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Dalton. Marshall C Private 42 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Daffer, William M Private 28 .Apr. 4,1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Dewey, Geo. W Private 46 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Dec. 28, 1917 

Entered U. S. service 

Ellis. Benjamin S Private 40 Aug. 23. 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Fancher, Arza R Private 48 .Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Follett, Harry W Private 41 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged May 13, 1918 

Frankfurt, Herman -A Private 38 -Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Color guard. 

Flentje, Ifenrv F Private 30 Mch. 4, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Follett. .Arthur V Private 27 Jul. 1. 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Fleishman, Frank L Private 35 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Nov. 29, 1917 

Fisher, William H Private 39 -Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 

Gaworski, Paul B Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 

Gorman. Theodore E Private 32 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 

Grant, .Alex Private 58 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 

Gunnarson, Henry F Private 29 Mch. 14, 1918 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 

Graham, Franklin L Private 52 .Apr. 4, 1918 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 

Hagcrty, Torev P Private 46 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged May 13, 1918 

Haskins, Lewis D. Private 34 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Mar. 13, 1918 

Hengel, George Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 

Hoglund, Sam Private 40 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 

Hofifman, Aug. H Private 33 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged March 26, 1918 

Hill, Howard J Private 32 Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Johnson, Albert W Private 30 Mch. 14, 1918 Alustered out with Co. 

Keepers, .Albert .A Private 48 Mch. 14, 1918 ' Mustered out with Co. 

Kleinschmidt, Walter H Private 28 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 

Kasper, Walter F Private 27 Jul. 1, 1918 Alustered out with Co. 

Krumholz, John Private 29 Jul. 1, 1918 IMustered out with Co. 

37 



Name Rank 

Leonard, Edward E Private 

Leynian, Fred Private 

Loonier, Alfred H Private 

Lowe, Roy C Private 

Meyer, William J Private 

Murray, Richard A Private 

Mattoon, Harry Private 

Merry, Elery J Private 

Milne, David S Private 

Miller, Ray A Private 

iViss, Albert G Private 

Norman, Walter H Private 

O'Conner, John H Private 

Olson, Erwin O Private 

Pacey. Archie L Private 

Peterson, Arthur G Private 

Peterson, Paul Private 

Park, Horace O Private 

Prentice, Earl H Private 

Personius, George L Private 

Personius, R. H Private 

Patterson, Clarence W Private 

Prochnick, Henry W Private 

Rotlimeycr, Frank J Private 

Rdsskopf, Joseph F Private 

Ream, C. W Private 

RavKar, Morris Private 

Selbrade, John Private 

Stewart, Robert \V Private 

Sm.ill, Claude E Private 

Slnitt, I'rank W Private 

Slir.iiber.c;, Samuel G Private 

Sullivan, Jolin R I'rivate 

Shake, Walter .A Private 

Shepliard, Donald G I'rivate 

Schumm, .\rthur J Private 

Taber, George A Private 

Timms, Clarence J Private 

Thiemann, Hugo C. G Private 

Tluite, Henry F Private 

Wade, David S Private 

White, Charles S Private 

Wolfe, Horace E Private 

Wokasch, Thomas P Private 

Wokasch, Arthur Private 

Wernsman, Jacob H Private 

Walsh, Walter R Private 

Welch, Joseph T Private 

Willette, Claude O Private 

Welchlin, Charles A Private 

Wagner, Fred C Private 

Wickstrom. Edward Private 



Age 

4.5 
32 

47 
.34 



26 
4S 
.3.5 
30 
2S 
27 
23 
28 
24 
24 
40 
31 
53 
35 
3S 
34 
30 
.50 
3.5 
40 
34 
32 
39 
33 
42 

28 
46 
32 
45 
30 
25 
34 
3,5 
36 



29 
:50 
51 
38 



32 
35 

31 
26 
38 
23 

36 
:!3 



Must. 


ered in 


Aug. 


23, 


1017 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug, 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


33, 


1917 


Aug. 


1, 


191S 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


■-'3, 


1917 


Oct. 


15, 


1917 


Mav 


1, 


1 9 1 ,S 


Jul. 


1, 


191S 


Mav 


1, 


1918 


Mav 


I, 


191S 


Mch. 


7^ 


191S 


Mch. 


14, 


1918 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Dec. 


6, 


1917 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


I, 


191S 


Aug. 


1, 


1 9 1 ,v 


Aug. 


•j;i 


1917 


.\ug. 


'*3 


1917 


Aug. 


23 


1917 


Mch. 


7, 


1918 


Aug. 


1, 


1918 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Mch. 


6, 


1918 


Aug. 


'^3 


1917 


Aug. 


23 


1917 


Aug. 


•)•> 


1917 


Mch. 


14, 


191.S 


Aug. 


1, 


1918 


Aug. 


'^3 


1917 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


23. 


1917 


Mav 


1, 


191S 


Aug. 


1, 


1918 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


23. 


1917 


Aug. 


33, 


1917 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 


Aug. 


•);; 


1917 


Dec. 


1, 


. 1917 


Mav 


1, 


1918 


Mav 


I. 


1918 


May 


II) 


, 191 ^ 


Jul. 


1, 


1918 


Aug. 


1, 


1918 


Aug. 


23, 


1917 



Remarks 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Discharged Feb. 14, 1918. 

Entered U. S. Service. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Discharged May 13, 1918 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Discharged May 13, 1918 
Discharged Oct. 11, 1918 
Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
Discharged Feb. 38, 1918 
Discharged Dec. 28, 1917 
Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
Discharged Feb. 38, 1918 
Discharged Feb. 38, 1918 
Discharged Feb. 38. 1918 
Discharged March 20. 1918 
Discharged July 30, 1918 
.Mustered out with Co. Tr. 

to Bn. Staff. Color guard. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Dischar.ged Mch. 26, 1918 
.Mustered out with Co, 
.Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
Discharged June, 1918, to 

enter V. M. C. A. work 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Discharged June, 1918, to 

enter Y. M. C. A. war 

work. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Discharged July 30, 1918 
Discharged Mar. 30, 1918 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out witli Co. 

Enlisted U. S. service 

Oct.. 1918. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Mustered out with Co. 
Discharged Nov. 8, 1917 



The Headquarters of the 17tli Battalion, Minne- 
sota Home Guard, were at first located at Fairmont. 
.\s organized on June 5, 1918, Headquarters con- 
sisted of: 

Major VV. R. Boyce, Commanding Officer. 

E. R. Flygare. First Lieutenant and Adjutant. 

M. W. Brewster, First Lieutenant and Supply Of- 
ficer. 

E. N. Chute, First Lieutenant and Ordnance Offi- 
cer. 

Frank Olson, Ser.geant Major. 

Upon the organization of Co. G. 5th Inf. Minne- 
sota National Guard in July, 1918, Major Boyce, 
Lieut. Chute and Sergt. -Major Olson transferred to 
the National Guard. Lt. Brewster, whose home is 
at Wells, was commissioned major and assumed com- 
mand. Headquarters were thus automatically trans- 
ferred to Wells. 



The companies of the 17th Battalion, lettered frorn 
A to F inclusive, upon organization were located in 
order at Fairmont, Elmore. Winneliago, Wells. Al- 
den and Minnesota Lake. Tlirough later rearrange- 
ments the Battalion became the 6th and Fairmont's 
company was designated Co. B. 

Martin County Motor Reserve Corps. 

Tlie Martin County Motor Reserve Corps Battal- 
ion, was a part of the Home Guard forces organized 
in the state by authority of the Safety .Association. 
It was provided for in a general way by the order of 
the Association of .\pril 28, 1917, which also created 
the Home Guard infantry companies. The entire 
Motor Corps of the state grew to a force of 2,440 
enlisted men and 143 officers. 

The Motor Corps was an outgrowth of the Rural 



38 



Giinrds. These guards were partially organizeil in 
August, 1917, under Sheriff W. S. Carver. Tliey were 
primarily peace officers and sworn in as deputy 
sheriffs. There were units at Welcome, East Chain, 
Truman, Triumph. Sherburn. Ceylon and Bunnell. 
There were about ten men in each of these groups 
with a leader or captain designated for each. They 
were available at any time for the suppression of 
disorder or any similar emergency. 

On April 2'2. 1918, the rural .guard was reorganized 
into larger units, their location remaining the same. 
On this date about fifty well known men from the 
various stations of the guard met with the command- 
er, Sheriff Carver, in Fairmont, and decided upon 
an increased membershi|) and a system of military 
drills in infantry tactics. Tlie determination was 
to enroll about twenty-tive members at each point. 
The enlarged iirogram was taken up with vigor and 
enthusiasm and the new members readily procured. 
Six weeks later the guard was again mobilized at 
Fairmont for instruction and numbered 141. 

Acting on the suggestion that the rural guard 
would he a much more mobile and effective organ- 
ization if motorized a second reorganization to that 
end was effected on July 28, 1918. Again the guards 
mobilized at Fairmont, 240 strong, and every man 
supplied with motor transportation which he 
placed at the service of the state without expense 
when re<iuired. Motor Corps officers, 39 in num- 
ber, and of all ranks up to major, were present from 
the adjutant general's office to formally muster in 
the Martin County Motor Corps. The interest was 
so great and the number of volunteers so large that 
a full battalion of four companies with a band and 
headquarters company was authorized for Martin 
county, designated as Fifth Battalion Minnesota Mo- 
tor Corps reserve. The location of the several sub 
units was as follows: 
Headquarters — Fairmont. 

W. S. Carver, major, commanding officer. 

R. W. Stewart, first lieutenant, adjutant. 

C. C. Macfadden, first lieutenant, ordnance officer. 

H. S. I'airley, succeeded by C. E. Landin, first 
lieutenant, signal oflicer. 

John Allison, sergeant-major. 
Co. A — East Chain and Ceylon. 

A. E. .Mton, captain; John A. Knutson, Wni. 
Doyle, lieutenants. 
Co. B — Triumph. Monterey. Welcome. 

Ralph K. Parker, captain; E. O. Potter, Alfred R. 
Decker, lieutenants. 
Co. C — Truman and Granada. 

S. S. Rector, captain; W. G. Heclu. John Maxwell, 
lieutenants. 
Co. D — ^Shcrburn and Dunnell. 

Ed Lund, captain; C. Johanson, F. H. Meyer, lieu- 
tenants. 
Band — Sherburn. 

Lt. Henry G. Seifert, leader. 

Lars J. Dahl, drum major. 

Every member of the Motor Corps equipped him- 
self with a complete uniform, rifle or side arms, pay- 
ing the cost out of his own pocket. 

The Motor Corps was called to active duty on .\ug. 
23, 1918, to assist in the relief and guard duty made 
necessary by a great cyclone at Tyler, Minn., wliich 
brought death to 3.5 and destrf)yed the village on 
Aug. 21. The Motor Corps were not only them- 
selves actively engaged in the arduous work required 
at Tyler but also furnished transportation to the 
stricken village for Co. G, .ith Inf., M. N. G. of 
Fairmont. 

In the great influenza epidemic which swept Mar- 
tin county in October and November, 1918, and 
caused more deaths than the county suffered from 
war causes the Motor Cor])s performed relief work 
of an important nature. Mo'it of the physicians and 
nurses were in war work and medical attention en- 
tirely inadequate. Such physicians as were avail- 



al)le were greatly overworked. The Motor Corps 
volunteered, not only to transport doctors and 
nurses speedily from place to place, but themselves 
acted as emergency nurses. Many farms were left 
helpless, all its residents being prostrate with the 
disease. In such cases Motor Corps men drove from 
farm to farm and took care of the live stock, brou,ght 
supplies to the stricken and in various ways lent 
splendid assistance. Many members of the corps 
fell ill and several died. There were three such 
deaths in Co. B, the scourge being especially severe 
in the territory in which they were resident. 

With the coming of peace the Motor Corps auto- 
matically went out of existence. It has never been 
formally mustered out. The war service of the Mo- 
tor Corps was not especially thrilling or exciting but 
tliey performed a patriotic duty, sacrificed of their 
time and money, and were ready at all times to 
respond to whatever call that might come. 

War Time National Guard. 

During the summer of nils it was determined by 
tlie adjutant general of Minnesota to reorganize the 
National Guard of the state. All of the guard troops 
had been called early in 19IT, mustered out as 
national guardsmen and into federal service, leaving 
Minnesota without state troops. The former Na- 
tional Guard regiments were broken up in federal 
service and their return as intact units made impos- 
sible. There seemed probaliility of the former 
guardsmen remaining in service many months longer 
and the need for National Guard regiments in the 
state was a military necessity. 

The situation had been covered to some extent by 
the Home Guard organization, begun in May, 1917. 
However the Home Guard was not subject to duty 
outside the state and the military situation was such 
that the need for troops outside the forces regularly 
organized for overseas service might arise at any 
time. This and other considerations justified the 
reorganiz.ation of the National Guard. 

On July 1.5th, 1918, Col. G. A. Lewis, designated 
as commanding officer of a new National Guard in- 
fantry regiment, visited l'"airmont to take up the 
organization of an infantrj' company at that place. 
W. R. Boyce, of h'airmont, returned from World 
War service as a captain, had been commissioned 
major in the new National Guard. There were sev- 
eral former National Guard officers in Fairmont, 
also a considerable number of ex-enlisted men. 
Several of these were enrolled as members of the 
Fairmont Home Guard company and it was sug- 
gested that the Home Guard be converted into a 
National Guard company. This su.ggestion, however, 
did not meet with general approval, the Home Guard 
company deciding to maintain its separate identity, 
although a number of its memljers were discharged 
to re-enlist in the National Guard. 

Ernest N. Chute, first lieutenant of the Home 
Guard company, and previously for nine years cap- 
tain of a National Guard company, was designated 
by Col. Lewis to command the new unit, which be- 
came Co. G, 5th- Inf. Minnesota National Guard. 
Recruiting was actively carried on, and the com- 
pany was soon at full strength. The men came from 
all parts of Martin county. They were men exempt, 
disqualified or not yet called for service under the 
draft law. Two were called to the service in the last 
months of the war, David S. Howell and W'illiam P. 
Tyler. 

Before it had been mustered into service a call 
came to Co. G for service at Tyler, Minn., which was 
destroyed by a cyclone on August 21st. On the 23rd 
Capt. Chute and ten men accompanied Headquar- 
ters of the Fifth Battalion, Motor Corps, which was 
stationed at Fairmont, to the stricken village. On 
the 27th 50 more of the men were called to service at 
the same i)Iace and transported thereto by the Mo- 



39 



tor Corps. The balance of the command, 50 in num- 
ber, followed by train on the 30th. The company re- 
mained on duty at Tyler doing guard and rescue 
work until Sept. 3, when they returned to the home 
station. While at Tyler they were formally mus- 
tered into the service. Of the 110 men on duty at 
that place all but ten passed the rigid physical ex- 
amination and were sworn in. 

The new company, under its experienced officers 
and non-coms, rapidly acquired efficiency in drill 
and rated as an excellent company. The organiza- 
tion continued after the return of peace and is still 
stationed at Fairmont. The personnel has under- 
gone some changes and the following roster of those 
in Co. G during tlie war period probably contains 
some unintentional errors and omissions: 

Roster of Co. G, 5th Infantry, Minnesota 
National Guard. 

Captain. Ernest N. Chute. 

First Lieutenant, Frederick L. Hoover. 

Second Lieutenant, Orren C. Thompson. 

Second Lieutenant, James H. Clark. 

First Sergeant, Carl D. Follette. 

Mess Sergeant, Otto C. Rettke. 

Supply Sergeant, Frank A. Olson. 

Sergeants. 

Alfred C. Blanck Frederick H. G. Blanck 

Barney R. Hurt Roy E. Dyslin 

John Sellbrade 



Corporals 



George A. Brown 
John H. O'Connor 
Gordon Goetz 
Albert Koeppen 
Earl R. Frakes 



Lawrence J. Kantack 
Sam Hoglund 
Herbert C. Schweppe 
.Arthur \\'okasch 
Elmer D. Downey 



Joseph H. Hines 

Mechanic. 
Axel Bloomquist 

Cooks. 

Nels INIyking Carl F. Brockman 

Musicians. 

Kenneth E. Personius Clarence A. Crooker 



Abel. Arthur 
Bassett, George R. 
Bradbury. C. .A. 
Brown, Edwin J. 
Behrens, Alfred E. 
Bursell, Homer G. 
Balm, Raymond R. 
BoergerhofT, Arnold ' 
Blachowski, Joe 
Burton, Lancelot R. 
Carlson. Carl E. 
Cegelski, Peter 
Clark. Cliarles E. 
Carroll, William A. 
Crawford, Loren 
Cegla, Frank A. 
Calbow, Wesley C. 
Cadling, Donald H. 
Drayfall, Clarence H. 
Davis, Lester C. 
Daryelson, Axel L. 
Day, Rufus W. 
Dorothy, Claude L. 
Doolittie. Milo O. 
Douglas, Ray C. 
Eckmann, Carl J. 
Frye, Walter A. 
Gaworski, Peter 



Privates. 

Galles, Frank H. 

Gieseke, Herman D. 

Garrison, Roy E. 

Howell, David S. 

Huffman, Lee L. 

Hines, Clarence 

Hines, Robert L. 
". Holcumb, Amos L. 

Jennings, Andrew E. 
A. Jones, Charles L. 

Johnson, Ray W. 

Jensen, Peter 

Koeder, Walter H. 

Ivastning, .\lfred F. \V. 

Keeler, Leonard 

Luedtke, Edwin L. 

Loring, Arthur D. 

Lidtke, Clarence C. 

Leeper, William C. 

Leeper, Addison C. 

Lockard, Cecil D. 

Leiding, Louis W. 

Leiding, Herman H. 

Lemke, Ernest H. 

Lutz, Arthur L. 

Lockard, Raymond E. 

Maday, L. F. 

jMaday, Valentine S. 



Markquart, Robert C. 
McNerney, Patrick V. 
Meyer, Chester W. 
Meyer, Louis C. 
Meyer, Edwin 
Miller, Leo R. 
Mitchell, John E. 
Morgan, Charles 
Morrow, Homer E. 
Morrow, Ora A. 
Mackeben, Fred L. 
Muth. Aloysius G. 
Afuth, Arthur H. 
Nottoson. Notto 
Nowicki, Frank R. 
Oscarson, Henry O. 
Oskerson, William N. 
PlumhofT, Floyd D. 
Plumhoff, Alvin C. 
Plumhofif. Arthur L. 
Price, Gladstone H. 



Peterson, Jay A. 
Ratledge, Orbit U. 
Roehler, William L. 
Rosskopf, Wilbert W. 
Schmidt. Thomas H. 
Schultz, George A. 
Schweiger, Alfred C. 
Senne, Henry 
Shumski, Andrew J. 
Sickler, Chester R. 
Sickler, Vernon G. 
Simon, Henry W. 
Sperry, Burton R. 
Stefanski, George M. 
Small, Hobart C. 
Thomsen, Cecil T. 
Tomlinson, Gerald P. 
Tyler, William P. 
Wallace. Ezra B. 
Watts, George A. 
Wolter, Lawrence F. 



Ward PfifTner, son of Mr. and Mrs. Ulysses Pfiff- 
ner of Fairmont, was commissioned a lieutenant in 
the adjutant general's department of the Minnesota 
National Guard and called to duty in the adjutant 
general's office in 1918, serving there for several 
months. He also served with the guard in forest 
fire relief work in northern Minnesota in October 
and November, 1918. 

Legal Advisory Board. 

The Legal Advisory Board, originally appointed 
to give the selective service men assistance and ad- 
vice in making proper answers to the questionnaires 
they were required to fill out, extended its services 
considerably as the war progressed and gave free 
counsel to the service men in many matters affect- 
ing their personal and property rights. 

Men were frequently called to service who had 
important business matters to look after at home. 
In these the advisory board acted without cost to 
anyone. It should also be remarked that the banks 
also rendered the men great assistance in attending 
to their business matters for them while absent. 

The Legal Advisory Board, appointed in 1917, 
consisted of E. C. Dean, Paul C. Cooper, and J. E. 
Haycraft, prominent members of the Martin county 




E. C. DE.W 

Chairman Legal Advisory Hoard. .Judge 17th Judicial District. 
Had a son and daughter in service. 



40 



bar. Ill December, 1917, they appointed Ballou & 
Ballou and Leo J. Seitert. Fairmont attorneys, as- 
sistants. They also designated the following who 
were specially competent but not attorneys, as as- 
sistants: 

Co. Supt. C. J. Timms. Fairmont 

H. E. Wolfe, Fairmont 

J. R. Huston, Ceylon 

A. B. Jardine, Granada 

Ellen Swanson, Dunnell 

G. P. Helgeson. Dunnell 

R. H. Wollin, Truman 

T. B. Brown, Welcome 

F. E. Gates, Triumph 

All of these above named were school principals. 
The personnal changed quickly. Attorney Seifert, 
Supts. Jardine, Helgeson and Wollin enlisted and 
Supts. Tinims and Wolfe entered army Y. M. C. A. 
work. 

The draft of September, 1018, with its involved 
questionnaire of 16 pages, made heavy demands for 
assistance upon the board. In order to meet this a 
large n'umber of additional assistants were named, 
all of whom rendered much free service. These as- 
sistants were: 

Fairmont: Ben E. Ballou, John W. Lovell, Har- 
ry P. Edwards, G. Fred Anderson, \V. H. Nie- 
meyer, E. L. Ballou, G. A. Sutherland, N. C. 
Petersen, A. W. Gamble, David S. Wade, A. R. 
Fancher, Alex Grant, E. R. Flygarc, .\. W. 
Johnson. 
Sherburn: C. W. Uplinger, A. G. T. Broun, W. F. 
Brundage. S. A. Farnsworth. Everett White- 
head, C. E. Landin. 
Ceylon: R. W. Stewart. R. P. Sinclair. J. E. Hus- 
ton, Wm. Drummond. 
Granada: A. B. Jardine, Ben Hglin, Byron L. 

True, B. S. Colton. 
Tri-man: A. W. Grabow, S. S. Rector. N. T. True. 
Henry Brownlee, B. J. Dallman, G. C. Shoen, 
G. M. Sieburg. 
Triumph: F. S. Schwalen, S. P. Pope, Geo. E. 

Brockman. F. .\. Kroeger. 
Welcome: J. W'. Wolford, Ben Mamer, Wm. 

Greenwaldt, E. H. Yost. 
Dunnell: Ellen Swanson, F. .\. Sandin, E. A. 
Cooper, C. G. Appelqnist, E. M. Ostcrgren, 
August Wenber,g. 
Northrop: John H. Spragne. 
East Chain: Wm. Doyle. Robert W. Nelson. 
Monterey: P. C. Reding, Alfred Peterson, W. A. 
Rhoads. 

Women's Council of National Defense. 

The work of jNlartin county's women in the war 
reached and was participated in by practically every 
woman in the county. They were a united factor 
in carrying out every measure that came specifically 
within their sphere and of the greatest assistance in 
all others. 

While the women were affected by and worked 
and sacrificed in every measure that concerned the 
general public there were certain departments dis- 
tinctive!}' their own, in which effective results, vital 
to the national interests, could only be accomplished 
through united patriotic work by the women alone. 
To organize and co-ordinate this work there was 
provided the Women's Committee of the Public Safe- 
ty Association, which was an extension into every 
city, village and township of the work of the Wom- 
en's Council of National Defense. This committee 
was created in May, 1918, by order of the Safety 
Commission. Mrs. W. R. Diment of Fairmont was 
appointed chairman for Martin county and from that 
date directed activities. Previous to May, 1918, 
there had been much war activity on the part of 
the women of the county under the direction of Mrs. 



Frank A. Day. also of Fairmont, who had acted as 
county chairman. The work done by this prelim- 
inary organization was taken up, enlarged and car- 
ried' through by the new and more formal depart- 
ment. 

Mrs. Thos. G. Winter of Minneapolis, was at the 
head of the Women's Committee for the state. There 
were numerous vice-chairmen and official heads of 
standing committees. The scope of the committee's 
work can be but briefly touched upon in this work 
but its extent is indicated by the various departments, 
each with its distinctive but cofrelated organization. 
These departments included Americanization, chil- 
dren's welfare, war emergency training courses, food 
conservation, dress conservation, legislation, liberty 
loan and war savings, social agencies, patriotic ed- 
ucation. Red Cross, women in industry, young wom- 
en's auxiliary and others. 

Martin county women were assembled at Fair- 
mont June 22, 1918, to discuss and plan their war 
work. Brilliant speakers addressed the gathering, 
among them Mrs. W. T. Coe and Miss Rose Muck- 
ley of Minneapolis. Food conservation, loyalty 
work and organization for war funds drives featured 
the gathering. 

Following this meeting the Martin county Branch 
of the Women's Council of National Defense was 
fully organized and carried on its activities vigor- 
ously until the end of the war period. The respon- 
sible heads of women's war work in the townships 
and villages were the following prominent women of 
the county: 

Cedar — ^Irs. Carl Sjogren. 
Galena — Mrs. John Hagen. 
Waverly — Mrs. Andrew Levik. 
Westford — Mrs. Wm. Rienke. 
Nashville— Mrs. F. M. Clay. 
Elm Creek — Mrs. John Carlson. 
Fox Lake — Mrs. Bcrdella Winters. 
Eraser — Mrs. Herman Brodt. 
Rutland — Mrs. George Plumhoff. 
Center Creek — Miss Dana Parker. 
Jay — Mrs. Chas. D. Stewart. 
Manyaska— Mrs. P. D. Worthley. 
Rolling Green — Mrs. Richard A. Murray. 
Fairmont Twp. — Mrs. W. F. Dickinson. 
Pleasant Prairie — Mrs. J. T. McNerney. 
Lake Fremont — Miss Lotta Larson. 
Lake Belt — Miss Mary Flygare. 
Tenhassen— Airs. A. E. Alton. 
Silver Lake — Miss Myra Shipman. 
East Chain — Mrs. Ben Owens. 
Sherburn — Mrs. Frank Collins. 
Welcome — Mrs. H. H. Sartorius. 
Granada — Mrs. B. A. Burton. 
Truman— Mrs. W. B. Butler. 
Triumph— Mrs. S. P. Pope. 
Ceylon— Mrs. S. G. Barnctt. 
Monterey — Mrs. Peter Wartman. 
Northrop — Mrs. John H. Sprague. 

Many of these women had sons, brothers or other 
relatives among the service men. Several were the 
wives of war board members and thus brought into 
still closer association with war activities. 

Important as was the work of the women in the 
major war organizations it was in the more direct 
contact maintained and acts of personal attention 
for the men in service that counted perhaps still 
more. It was mother or sister who wrote most fre- 
quently to the boys who were in the army or navy, 
thus keeping secure and sacred the home ties and at 
the same time ministering against that most dreaded 
condition, homesickness, likely to befall the boy 
separated perhaps for the first time from his home 
and cast into strange and bewildering situations. 
The thousands upon thousands of comfort articles 
so prized and so important to the service men — 
warm knitted socks, sweaters, linen, hospital ap- 



41 



parel and equipment — all these came to the men di- 
rect from the deft and loving hands of women who 
cared and who robbed their leisure or resting hours 
that the}' might do something for the soldiers. Were 
books wanted for the camp libraries and hospitals' 
It was the women who procured and forwarded 
them. Christmas, 1917, saw hundreds of gift bo.xes. 
filled with just the things the soldier or sailor boy 
would need and prize, packed and forwarded bv ex- 
press or parcel post, and while many were delayed 
in transit for weeks and months they nevertheless 
brought their bit of Christma.s cheer to the camps 
and trenches. These and a thousand other items of 
personal and loving attention came almost alone from 
the women. Their importance was overlooked in 
large degree by the men, busy witrh other war duties 
seemingly more important, but the women did not 
forget and their part in the war will always be 
held in grateful remembrance by soldier, sailor and 
marine. 



Excerpts from Report of Chairman of Women's 

Division of State Council of Defense for 

Martin County. 

By Mrs. W. R. Diment. 

As the United States went into the war almost 
unexpectedly it became necessary to call in as Iielji- 
ers already established organizations. Especially 
was this the case with women. Their leading or- 
ganization was the Women's Federated Clubs, with 
membership in the United States of two million. 

From tliese clubs were chosen the otificers of the 
Women's Commission of the Council of National 
Defense. Mrs. T. G. Winter of Minneapolis, was 
state chairman for Minnesota, and in April, 1918, she 
appointed Mrs. W. R. Diment, of Fairmont, chairman 
of women's work in Martin county. Only those 
who held similar war positions realize the amount 
of work this appointment involved. The writing 
of many letters alone was a clerk's job. Circular^ 
of information and ad\ice came in by the hundreds 
every month, especially on food conservation and 
child welfare, for these were new things and little 
understood. 

The more serious duties of the state were dele- 
gated to the men's Public Safety Commission but it 
seemed as though everything else was left to the 
Women's Division. 

The work was organized by the appointment of a 
county executive committee, each member at the 
head of a particular department. The appointments 
made by Mrs. Diment were: 

Women in Industry — Mrs. B. H. Curtis, Fairmont. 

Women's Liberty Loan — Mrs. H. S. Farley, Fair- 
mont. 

Child Welfare — Mrs. Henry Meinhardt. Sherburn: 
Mrs. Frank Collins, Sherburn, for west half of 
county: Mrs. G. M. Seaburg, Truman, Mrs. Peter 
Lutz, Fairmont, east half of county. 

Food Conservation — Mrs. Dudley Fitz. Fairmont. 

Y._W. C. A.— Mrs. J. E. Haycraft, Fairmont. 

Friendly Home Service — Mrs. W. R. Boyce, Fair- 
mont. 

Girls' War Work — Mrs. N. C. Petersen. Fairmont. 

Secretary and Treasurer — Mrs. John W. Lovell, 
Fairmont. 

The foregoing formed an advisory committee, act- 
ing with the county chairman. 

In the department of Women in Industry a sur- 
vey was rnade of all industries in the county, the 
number of people employed and the salaries paid, 
the supply of women workers available to take the 
places of men in service, in fact an employment bu- 
reau wlien needed and valuable for future statistics. 

The Women's Liberty Loan department was in 
great demand in some of the counties but Alartin 



county's men were able of their own initiative to 
raise more than the required sums, and the assist- 
ance given by the women was more in stimulating 
the givers to the greatest amount. Women all over 
the county subscribed their allotted shares. This 
department gave a banquet at the Guild hall in Fair- 
mont to the men on their return from one of the 
drives, which e.xample was emulated all over the 
county. 

Tlie object of the Child Welfare committee was 
to carry out the orders of the national chairman for 
child welfare. Miss Julia Lathrop of the department 
of labor. The measuring and weighing of children, 
undertaken to determine accurately the health 
of children under six years of age was taken up 
and carried out at various clinics held at different 
points in the county. The measuring and weighing 
was a tremendous undertaking but brought home to 
hundreds of mothers the importance of the health 
of the child. Other activities were to establish ac- 
curate birth registration; to determine the cause of 
high infant mortality, there being 3,000 deaths 
nf children under one year of age in Minnesota in 
19 Hi; to demand the quarantine for contagious and 
\enereal diseases. 

The aim of the food conservation department was 
to aid in every possible way the food administra- 
tion, by distributing circulars and recipes sent by 
the government. No department had more circulat- 
in.g to do than this, as the food problem was the 
most serious of all. Much corresponding was nec- 
essary on account of so many changes in the rules. 

The Y. W. C. A. department was also represented 
in the Red Gross and United War Work and was 
later merged with those activities. 

The task of Friendly Home Service was given to 
women who could give the sympathetic hand and 
word to those who needed aid during the war. The 
name and residence of every soldier and sailor boy 
was obtained, card indexed and kept on file for con- 
sultation in emergency. This record has proven of 
permanent value. Many matters of war risk insur- 
ance, allotments and other calls for assistance were 
looked into and in the cases of death in service 
everything possible was done for the surviving rela- 
tives. 

The object of tlie Girls' War Service was to en- 
courage the activities of the grade and high school 
girls along practical and patriotic lines. Clubs were 
formed under charge of the advisory committee. 
Money was raised by various means, knitting and 
sewing done, war orphans being the beneficiaries 
generally. Mrs. W. S. Carver was captain of the 
senior club and Mrs. J. L. Palmer of the juniors. 

In perhaps all counties money was raised in the 
usual way to defray the expense of the women 
workers. Several counties outside of the large cities 
had upwards of a thousand dollars for this pur- 
pose, to pay traveling expenses, typewriting, station- 
ery, telegrams, postage, etc. The Martin county 
chairman had a portfolio but no money for use as 
none was collected. Patriotic workers paid their 
own expenses, no matter what it amounted to in the 
end. The only money received toward any expenses 
was $11.00, earned by the Fairmont senior and 
junior war service girls and which was used in the 
baby camapign. $9.60 was spent for telegrams and 
telephone. The last $2.00 were used in the expense 
of arranging for the Martin County Public Health 
.\ssociation. a permanent organization which was 
formed in June. 1919, for the purpose of carrying 
on children's clinics by specialists, saving the county 
about $600.00 whicli would otherwise have accrued 
to the state Public Health Association. This fund 
was derived from the sale of Red Cross Christmas 
seals the two previous years. 

The county chairman was especially interested in 
child welfare and at her request the county commis- 
sioners appointed a permanent child's welfare board. 



43 



which now holds regular meetings with the judge of 
probate. At least two of the members of this board 
must be women. 

The various precinct chairmen appointed selected 
tlieir own assistants. All of the chairmen received 
medals in recognition of their services, these medals 
being furnished through Mrs. C. A. Severance, St. 
Paul, state chairman of conservation and director of 
Regional Bank. 

The campaign to enlist girls in war nursing work 
was in charge of a committee consisting of Mrs. 
Allen Burdick, Mrs. T. P. Hagerty and Miss Minnie 
Bird, all of Fairmont. Fourteen applicants for this 
work were received but only the first few names 
sent in were accepted as the state's quota was quick- 
ly filled. 

During her period of office the county chairman 
wrote many articles for the county papers, explain- 
ing the different kinds of work of the organization, 



its needs and progress. She gave frequent talks on 
.\mericanization and community club work, believ- 
ing that the greatest good can only come from the 
free mingling of all peoples in this country. Latent 
talent for good and for success is found among all 
of them. Conditions should be made easier for 
motherhood. The mother must not be a drudge, for 
the independence and intelligence of the mother is 
reflected in her children. Woman has raised her 
standard in this war, much had to be learned, she 
was equal to it. A desire to do her utmost almost 
brought on hysteria but when all was over the ef- 
fort seemed small indeed in comparison to the blessed 
ings which we all enjoy. 

The women's organization of National Defense 
was dissolved in the spring of 1919, with the request 
by the National Committee to keep organized for any 
further work, emergency or whenever their help is 
desired for the general good. 



43 



CHAPTER VI. 



Financing the War 



The Liberty Loans. 

When Martin county was asked to raise $360,000 
in the First Liberty Loan in ^lay, 1917, the amount 
was regarded as stupendous and there were grave 
doubts in the minds of many, financiers and oth- 
ers, whether so lar.ge a sum could be raised, and 
if done it was feared that the diversion of such a 
sum from the cliannels of ordinary business would 
seriously derange the finances of the county. It 
was the county's first test in the financial support 
of the war and at that time seemed a tremendous 
undertaking. In view of the vastly greater sums 
asked and subscribed in succeeding loans within 
the following months the amount raised under the 
first loan was small. However with no previous 
experience in raising funds that were to equip and 
maintain our armies and all the multitudinous ac- 
tivities of the war and uncertainty as to how this 
method of raising money would be received by the 
public made the undertaking seem very difficult. 




iR-\-\K E. W.MJE 
Chairman all Liberty Loans, Born at Whitehall, Wisconsin, 
March 6, 1862. Died, Fairmont, Minn., March 3, 1919. Had a 
son in service. 

The first step toward organizing Martin county 
for the war loans was taken on May 14, 1917, when 
Frank E. Wade, president of the Fairmont Nation- 
al Bank, manager of the Fairmont Gas Engine & 
Railway Motor Car Co., and connected with many 
other activities, was appointed Liberty Loan Chair- 
man for the county by Mr, H, P. Rogers, Chair- 
man of the Loan Committee for the Ninth Federal 
Reserve District. This great responsibility was ac- 
cepted by Mr. Wade after being refused by several 
others who were in a far better position than he 
to give the time and energy necessary to make 
this and succeedin.g loans successful. Mr. Wade 
was without doubt the busiest man in the county 
and accepting this duty loaded upon him .great addi- 
tional burdens and severely ta.xed his already over- 
burdened strength and splendid energies. Regard- 
ing the service as a patriotic duty he threw him- 
self unreservedly into the work. He saw not only 
the first but the three succeeding loans successfully 
raised under his generalship, but before the final 



"Victory Loan" was raised, after the war's close, 
Frank E. Wade rested from his labors. He died 
March 3, 1919, in the prime of life and there can 
be no doubt that the great additional burden as- 
sumed by him as a loyal American citizen to help 
win the war contributed to his untimely death. 

The first loan was raised throu.gh the activities 
of the bankers of the county. On May 24, 1917, 
Chairman Wade called all the bankers into con- 
ference at Fairinont to decide on ways and means 
for raising Martin county's quota. There were at 
that time nineteen banks in the county. All but 
two w-ere represented at the meeting. At this gath- 
ering the bankers districted and apportioned the 
county. To each bank there was assigned a defi- 
nite amount and a definite territory and the actual 
subscribing of the amount was managed by the 
bank. The quota averaged about $20 for each per- 
son in the county. At this meeting several of the 
bankers expressed the opinion that raising the funds 
involved difficulties and hardships that would be 
hard to meet. They failed to interpret the fine 
spirit that was then taking shape to back the gov- 
ernment to the limit in the successful prosecution 
of the war. 

In educating the people to the necessities of the 
situation and creatin.g sentiment that would in- 
sure the sale of the bonds the newspapers of tlie 
county, in this as in succeeding campaigns, per- 
formed splendid service. Hundreds of columns of 
editorial, news and advertising space, worth several 
thousand dollars, were donated by the loyal pa- 
pers of the county. Without this assistance the 
difficulties of the situation would have been vastly 
greater. When the drives came the people were 
acquainted with the conditions and nearly always 
ready to do whatever was asked of them. The 
commercial clubs, too, at the various cities and 
towns of the county got behind the guns and 
backed the campaign to the limit, furnishing free 
office headquarters in their rooms and solicitors 
from among their members. 

As was to be expected there was some opposition 
to the bond sale and the first disloyalty arrests in 
the county were the result of indiscreet utterances 
in opposition to Uncle Sam's plan of raising war 
funds. Prompt action in this respect by the coun- 
ty attorney and other officials quickly checked any 
tendency toward organized opposition and the trou- 
ble experienced was not important. 

The drive for the first loan closed on June l.'ith. 
The results in Martin county were disappointing. 
.\sked to lend $360,000 the amount actually sub- 
scribed was a little less than $200,000, It must be 
borne in mind that in this loan all subscriptions 
were voluntary; the public was not yet aroused to 
the colossal financial demands of the war; our 
boys were not yet actually enga.ged in combat, 
few of them had left their homes; there clung in 
the minds of many the hope that our allies would 
succeed in defeating Germany before the United 
States was very extensively engaged; the back-fire 
of propaganda for Americanism to nullify that 
which Germany had spread so sedulously for years 
was as yet but barely kindled. These, with the un- 
scientific methods employed in raising the first 
loan, were the main contributin.g causes to the fail- 
ure of Martin county to go "over the top" in the 
first financial hop-off. 

On October 12th, 1917, organization was effected 
for the second loan, in which Martin county was 
asked to lend the government $550,000. Albert L. 
Ward had been appointed to serve as chairman of 



44 



tliis loan. He declined, as did a Iialf dozen others. 
Despite the fact that he had done mucli more than 
his share in handhng the first loan Frank E. Wade 
was again drafted to lead the Martin county or- 
ganization. Herman A. Stahn was chosen secre- 
tary. On the date aljove given there was a widely 
attended meeting at the court house in Fairmont, 
attended by city, village and township officials, 
bankers, business men and citizens generally. Otto 
Nelson, vice-president of the First National Bank 
of St. Paul, addressed the gathering and suggested 
methods of procedure. The plan evolved included 
thorough organization, system and unselfishness. 
It was defects in these essentials that militated 
against the success of the first loan. It was still 
the plan of the government to float its bonds by 
popular, voluntary subscriptions. The officials 
chosen immediately organized and announced that 
four days would be devoted to the drive, Oct. 17 to 
20 inclusive. AH township and village officers and 
public-spirited citizens generally were asked to 
serve as solicitors and help make the loan a suc- 
cess. A definite sum was assigned to be raised 
in each township and village, a departure from the 
plan followed in the first drive. 

The drive opened with enthusiasm on the ap- 
pointed date. An army of solicitors reached every 
person in the county. They were provided with 
cards upon which to make detailed reports to state 
headquarters upon all persons who failed to sub- 
scribe. By this innovation the government took its 
first organized step in finding out who was with it 
and who against it in the prosecution of the war. 
Local newspapers again lent splendid assistance in 
popularizing the loan. All names of contributors, 
however small or large the amount bought, were 
published. This proved a powerful stimulus. No 
one wished to invite adverse criticism by being left 
out. The attitude of the public was splendid. The 
county had seen several hundred of its sons march 
away to war. Some were already in Europe. Ev- 
eryone now realized that it was America's supreme 
eiTort only that could turn the tide of battle 
against the German hordes. Few of the loan sub- 
scribers had the ready money to pay for the bonds 
purchased but they cheerfully used their credit and 
borrowed the money at an interest rate higher 
than the bonds yielded. All of the banks co-op- 
erated splendidly and placed their resources at the 
disposal of these whose circumstances required 
them to borrow. 

Asked for .$500,000 the county passed that mark. 
The total raised was $.516,000. and this does not 
include probably $75,000 taken by Martin county 
men who responded to the drive in the iarmy 
camps. The villages of Ceylon and Dunnell di- 
vided honors in being first to report their entire 
quotas pledged. At the close of the 4-days' drive 
the county as a whole lacked a considerable 
amount of the required sum. The solicitors went 
again to their task and continued their labors an- 
other week, where necessary. The city of Fairmont 
over-subscribed its quota more than $50,000. Nash- 
ville was the first rural precinct to report "over 
subscribed." Rapidly the reports from other pre- 
cincts came in to county headquarters. On Oc- 
tober 27th Chairman Wade wired in his report 
that Martin county had over-subscribed its allot- 
ment several thousand dollars. All but two of the 
villages exceeded their quotas. Ceylon led all pre- 
cincts with an over-subscription of nearly 150 per 
cent. Eight of the townships also did themselves 
honor by taking sums in excess of what was asked. 
The tabulated returns constituted a new "loyalty 
map" of the county. 

The third call for war funds was officially an- 
nounced March 12, 1918. Once more the work 
was directed by Frank E. Wade as county chair- 
man. The amount assigned was $600,000, appor- 



tioned as in the second loan as equitably as possi- 
ble among the townships and villages on a basis 
of population and assessed valuation. By this 
time our people were fully committed to the grim 
business of war and the subscribing of the county's 
quota was accepted by all as a foregone conclu- 
sion. Although the amount nearly doubled 
the first loan and considerably exceeded that of 
October, 1917, and all had subscribed heavily in 
those drives, the people were ready for any demand 
that might be made upon them. It was now the 
resolution of all that any personal sacrifice would 
be made to sustain our army and navy until the 
hour of victory. 

New methods were adopted in the third loan. 
Every property owner in the county was allotted a 
definite sum. arrived at bj' investigation of the net 
worth of the individual. Under authority- of the 
Public Safety Commission Chairman Wade served 
a summons on every property owner requiring him 
or her to be in readiness to sign up when the so- 
licitor arrived. In this way the work was finished 
in a single day. 

The date set for subscribing was April 15th. 
By 8 o'clock A. M. Dunnell again reported first. 
Granada was next, while Sherburn, Truma.n and 
Ceylon quickly followed. The townships took a 
little more time but by nightfall every precinct 
in the county had reported an over-subscription. 
A large force of volunteer workers on duty at 
county headquarters in Fairmont were kept busy 
totalling and tabulating the returns. The total 
subscriptions for the county were approximately, 
$925,000, an over-subscription of more than 60 per 
cent. The failure to float the entire first loan was 
gloriously redeemed. 

Again in this drive the "blue card" system was 
used where persons refused to sign up for their 
assessed quota of bonds. This system landed a 
score or more of liberty bond slackers before the 
county war board, that body having been vested 
with full authority to deal with such cases. On 
April 26th the War Board went into session at the 
grand jury room in the court house to investigate 
all cases brought to their attention. The facts 
and circumstances were thoroughly gone into in 
every case. In many instances when the situa- 
tion had been explained the alleged slackers not 
only took their quota but voluntarily exceeded it. 
With others the shirkers, usually wealthy and pro- 
German in their attitude toward the war, were sub- 
jected to duress and compelled to buy not only, 
the amount of their assessment but found that their 
assessmen.ts had been substantially raised. Prac- 
tically all of the slackers were old residents of the 
county, most of them born in Germany, and had 
acquired substantial wealth in the country of which 
they had never become a real part. The war rec- 
ords of these individuals can now be of but little 
satisfaction to them and those that still remain 
resident here are held in contempt and scorn by all 
good Americans. They are among the "copper- 
heads" of the World War period. 

Five months after the big third loan drive came 
the call for Martin county to again lend to the gov- 
ernment — this time in the amount of $1,070,000. 
Sept. 14, 1918, at the court house in Fairmont the 
county was again organized for the biggest of all 
financial drives. Representatives were present 
from every precinct in the county. All but a doz- 
en of the 210 members of the county war board 
were in attendance. The task was undertaken with 
confidence and in a spirit of elation. There was an 
intangible feeling that America had already won 
the war. Press dispatches of the previous day had 
brought the news of the first great triumph of the 
.■\merican arms — the success at St. Mihiel. The 
public mind seemed filled with the premonition that 
still greater triumphs were at hand and that this 



45 



was to be the final drive of the war. at least that 
it would provide the financial means to put over 
tlie final punch. 

As in the preceding two loans the county's quota 
was apportioned to the sub-divisions as equitably as 
possible. These amounts were determined and as- 
sessed by the County War Board. There was ex- 
tended discussion at the meetin.2; of Sept. 14th as 
to methods of raisin.g the allotted sum. A resolu- 
tion was finally adopted by the War Board that 
every person's allotment should be computed upon 
the basis of his net financial worth, as determined 
from the records and personal investigation by the 
various precinct War Boards. The resolution in- 
cluded the application of this method to drives 
other than Liberty Loans for war purposes. 

The War Board established Sept. 30 as the day 
for the drive. An order was issued that did away 
with solicitors. Notices were sent to every person 
that they appear on the designated date at the 
usual polling place in their precinct and subscribe 
to their allotment. The precinct War Boards were 
in charge of the matter, assisted by volunteer cler- 
ical workers. Failure to appear at the designated 
hour involved such penalty as the War Board might 
determine upon. 

By the use of posters, literature and newspaper 
space tlie widest publicity was again given the un- 
dertaking. Patriotic merchants and business men 
of the county bought and paid for many pages of 
newspaper advertising over their names. This e.x- 
tended and gratuitous publicity campaign contrib- 
uted much to the success achieved. 

Splendid enthusiasm marked the drive on Sept. 
30th. It was known that our soldires, hundreds 
of Martin county boys among them, were engaged 
in the victorious drive that was to force the war 
to a speedy end. The news dispatches abounded in 
tidings of optimistic character. People came to 
the polling places ready and willing to buy "with- 
out stint or limit." Many voluntarily raised their 
allotments, some doubling them. The allotment of 
the county was readily raised. As in previous loans 
there were quite a number of "blue cards" turned 
in on people who either refused entirely or pro- 
tested tlie amounts assessed to them. All of these 
cases were properly disposed of by the War Board. 
In this drive there were 4,4.53 buyers of bonds in 
the county — more than one-fifth of the population. 
The total amount subscribed was $1,109,000. 

The death of Chairman Frank E. Wade on 
March 3, 1919, after having directed the raising 
of the first four loans, created a vacancy that was 
filled through the appointment by the County War 
Board of Lewis J. Hinton. banker and real estate 
man of Truman, who was in cliarge of the fifth and 
final loan, popularly called the "Victory Loan." 
This was put across on April 21, 1919, in compli- 
ance with plans formulated by the War Board at a 
meeting on April 8th. Martin county's quota was 
.$835,000. Interest was stimulated, in addition to 
the usual forms of publicity, by a great Victory 
Loan rally and parade, held at Fairmont April 
18th. Nearly all of the county service men who 
were at that time returned were present and 
marched in the parade, being afterwards enter- 
tained as guests of the city. Congressman F. E. 
Ellsworth of the 2nd Minn. Dist. was the orator of 
the occasion. Additional interest was created by 
the presence in the parade and on the streets of 
Fairmont of a battle tank which had seen World 
War service. 

On "Zero Day" Ceylon again carried off the 
honors by being the first to report that its quota 
had been exceeded. Despite the facts that roads 
were bad and farmers busily engaged with their 
seeding nearly everyone reported promptly in obe- 
dience to notice given and many voluntarily took 
amounts much in excess of their allotments. This 



loan was not coercive, citizens were expected but 
not required to subscribe the amounts assigned 
them. To a remarkable degree a high quality of 
.American citizenship asserted itself and few re- 
fused or reduced their amounts. The loan was 
oversubscribed more than $53,000.00. 

This ended the work of the liberty loan organ- 
ization. While Martin county failed to raise her 
quota in the first two loans this defection was splen- 
didly redeemed on following occasions and the 
net results show that as a whole many thousands 
of dollars were subscribed in excess of the aggre- 
gate quotas. 

It should be remarked that in addition to sums 
raised by the civilian citizenship nearly every sol- 
dier and sailor from the county bought bonds in 
the service, aggregating a large sum, upon which 
of course definite figures cannot be compiled. 

War Savings and Thrift Stamps. 

The sale of War Savings and Thrift Stamps, 
undertaken by the government for the dual pur- 
pose of encouraging thrift among the people and 
furnishing additional funds for war purposes, was 
taken up early in the war. Designed at first prin-" 
cipally to attract investments by children and those 
financially unable to buy Liberty Bonds the move- 
ment grew to great importance and resulted in 
probably not less than half a million dollars be- 
ing loaned the government by Martin county peo- 
ple. No accurate figures are available as for sev- 
eral months the stamps were sold through the 
postmasters at every postoffice. 




JOHN F. IIAECKEL 

\'ice-Cliairman War Savings, Fairmont, Secretary and Treasurer 
United War Work. Born at Lake County, 111., Feb. 19, 1880. 
Cashier Fairmont National Bank. 

Finally, sandwiched between the third and fourth 
liberty loans, an ambitious campaign on war stamps 
was put on with a thorough organization through- 
out the county. Supt. H. E. Wolfe was the first 
War Savings chairman of the county but as he en- 
tered service a successor was chosen by the county 
War Board in the person of John H. Grill of Fair- 
mont. John F. Haeckel of Fairmont was chosen 
vice-chairman and there was a chairman in each 
precinct, all .given full standing as members of the 
county War Board. 

On June 10th, 1918, the government called on 



46 



Martin county to raise $400,000 as its quota of the 
war savings stamps campaign. The amount was 
apportioned by the War Board in the several pre- 
cincts and individual allotments made as in the 
third and fourth Liberty Loans. Solicitors can- 
vassed every person in the county and all were 
required to subscribe their apportionment or make 
satisfactory explanation to the war board. 

The War Savings Stamps did not prove as at- 
tractive to the average citizen as Liberty Bonds and 
it was onl}' by the greatest effort on the part of 



Chairman Grill and his assistants that the issue was 
put over. However, when the final returns were 
tabulated the county exceeded its quota over 
$39,000. 

As in the Liberty Loans there were a considerable 
number who. lacking in patriotism, were sum- 
moned before the War Board and compelled to 
take their allotments. The War Board held several 
sessions for this purpose examining and passing 
upon the cases of objectors from all parts of the 
county. 



CH.^PTER VIL 



The Work of the Red Cross 



Previous to the World War the American Red 
Cross had no organization or membership in Mar- 
tin county. Though our people were fa- 
miliar with the never-ceasing benevoletices of this 
wonderful organization and had to some extent 
contributed thereto for years there had never be^ 
fore been an emergency, local or otherwise, that 
had brought about organized endeavor for works 
of mercy. 

Immediately war was declared all at once re- 
alized that a great part must be played through 
the Red Cross. On April 13, 1917, a group of 
Fairmont women met to formulate plans for Red 
Cross and other war work. This was the initial 
step in a movement that was to quickly include 
practically every person in the county. A week 
later another meeting was held and some steps 
taken toward organization. At this meeting Mrs. 
Henry Rippe was designated to take up Red Cross 
activities and Miss Katherine Rippe. Junior Red 
Cross. These meetings were entirely on the in- 
itiative of the loyal women of the city and were to 
a .great degree informal but were the nucleus around 
which sentiment rallied and from which came the 
great, organized work a little later. 

On June 11 the Martin county Red Cross was 
tentatively organized, temporary officers chosen 
and arran,gements made for a drive for funds and 
a mass meeting for formal, permanent organiza- 
tion. The temporary ohicers were E. C. Dean, 
president; .Alex Grant, vice president; E. Howard 
I'itz, secretary; and D. S. W'ade, treasurer. An exec- 
utive committee was also appointed, the personnel 
of which was not permanent. This meeting was fos- 
tered by and held at the rooms of the Fairmont Com- 
mercial Club. 

The object of this meeting was to meet the call of 
the national or.ganization for funds. Martin coun- 
ty's initial quota was $20,000. To raise this amount 
a great mass meeting was called of all the people of 
the county at the Strand theater in Fairmont on Sun- 
day evenin.g. June 17th. The buildin.g was packed. 
Judge E. C. Dean presided. There were addresses 
by J. A. Everett, Civil War veteran; Arthur M. Nel- 
son, Spanish-.^merican War veteran; Attorney .\lbert 
R. .\llen. Editor Alfred Torngren, Senator Albert L. 
Ward, Dr. A. L. Bixby of Lincoln, Nebraska, Fa- 
ther E. J. O'Connell of the Catholic church (which 
had already raised a large sum for Red Cross work), 
and .\ttorney J. E. Haycraft. 

Tliough the people of the county had not yet been 
educated to war giving the response was immediate 
and generous. One fourth of the amount asked of 
the county was pledged. There was one subscription 
of $500, one of $300, twenty-five of $100 each and a 
great number in amounts ranging from $50 down- 



ward. Much of this money was pledged by people 
outside of Fairmont. After final organization was 
effected the subscriptions were allotted equitably to 
the various Red Cross chapters of the county. 

This meeting was speedily followed by others 
throughout the county at wliich a battery of "four 
minute speakers" drove niglit and day to set the 
appeal before the people. A few days after the 
I"airmont meeting the people of Triumph and Mon- 
terey assembled and gave over $800; Granada had 
a great meeting and gave nearly $2,000. By June 
2(lth Martin county had responded with more than 
the allotted $20,000 asked in its first Red Cross drive. 




REV. ALBERT E. FILLMORE 

County Chairman American Red Cross. Pastor Episcopal Cliurch. 
Had a son in the military service. Born Dakota County. Jlinn., 
Feb. 5, 1864. 

From this time forward all Red Cross work was 
on closely organized lines, directed by the national 
body. Permanent and official organization of the 
Martin county chapter of the American Red Cross 
was effected June 39, 1917. There were some changes 
from the original officer personnel, the offices be- 
ing given to persons who were believed best quali- 
fied therefor. This was no reflection on the first 
temporary officers as they all found their appropri- 
ate places in the various war activities. The perma- 
nent officers of the Martin County chapter, which 
still continues, are: 

Rev. .\lbert E. Fillmore, county chairman. Rev. 
Fillmore is rector of the Fairmont Episcopal church. 



47 



He had a son in service and was very active in all 
war work. 

Mrs. Byron H. Curtis, prominent Fairmont church 
and club woman, vice president. 

A. W. Gamble, cashier of the Martin County Na- 
tional Bank, treasurer. 

Miss Louise Wohlhuter, a capable accountant and 
bookkeeper at the Martin County National Bank, 
secretary. 

Executive Committee: E. C. Dean, judge of the 
district court; Mrs. O. R. Wolf, Mrs. Frank A. Day, 
Mrs. Henrv Rippe. judge of probate Arza R. Fan- 
cher. Airs. G. H. Luedtke, and later, Mrs. B. H. Cur- 
tis and Mrs. J. E. Haycraft. , 

Through the county headquarters at Fairmont or- 
ganization of local chapters quickly followed. By 
August 1st there were chapters fully officered and 
actively at work in Sherburn, Ceylon, Triumph-Mon- 
terey East Chain. Dunneli, Cedar township, Tru- 
man Granada, Welcome, Fox Lake and Waverly 
townships. On August 13th permanent county head- 
quarters were opened at the court house in Fairmont 
and maintained there throughout the war, the rooms 
being generously provided by the board of county 
commissioners without charge. 

The county chairman and executive committee was 
ably assisted bv various appropriate committees, _ as 
follows, the chairmen only of each committee being 

named: t- it c 

Organization of Branches— J. E. Haycraft. 

Finance — F. W. Betz. 

Publicity— Mrs. B. H. Curtis. 

Membership Drive— DeForrest Ward. 

Hospital Supplies— Mrs. W. L. Lamb, succeeded 
in Dec, 1917. by Mrs. Frank F. Huntting. 

Knitting — Mrs. DeForrest Ward. 

Purchasing— Mrs. T. P. Hagerty. 

Junior Red Cross— Co. Supt. Minnie Follett. 

Surgical Dressings— Mrs. H. S. Fairley. 

Home Service— Ben E. Ballou, succeeded in April. 
1919, by Arthur M. Nelson. 

There was a concerted drive for memberships in 
December, 1917. At this time the entire county was 
covered by solicitors. The objective was 10,000 
members in the county. A speaking campaign sup- 
plemented the other publicity methods. Capt. J. B. 
Sanborn, a returned and partially disabled war hero 
of the British army visited the county and spoke 
at the county seat and elsewhere. His story of the 
work of the Red Cross at the front was heard by 
great audiences who were stirred to activity by his 
recitals. The clergy assisted in all churches. The 
result was a countv membership exceeding 10,000. 

In the fall and winter of 1917-18 Red Cross auc- 
tions proved popular methods of raising funds for 
Red Cross purposes. Many thousands of dollars 
were raised in this way. The custom originated at 
the farm auctions. Farmers having these sales would 
donate some article to be sold and the proceeds 
given to the Red Cross. Usually it was a fowl 
or other live stock. The price brought always far 
exceeded the actual value. Then the article would 
be again donated and put up for sale time after 
time. A calf sold in this way at Truman brought 
$3,955. Another at Welcome, $4,250. 

This auction custom led to formal sales of this 
character being held in towns and villages. These 
were Widely announced and drew large crowds. 
Auctioneers' donated their services and the occasions 
were made gala events. At such a sale Fairmont 
raised $12,000. East Chain $5,455. Northrop $2,600 
and other places large amounts. By May, 1918, Red 
Cross revenue from this source amounted to more 
than $50,000 in the county. Memberships in the Red 
Cross at that date amounted to 14,650. 

The second call for funds, $20,000 in amount, was 
made bv national headquarters in May, 1920. The 
whirlwind drive for the purpose netted $8,500 more 
than was asked. 



A unique but undesired source of revenue in con- 
siderable amounts was fines imposed by the courts 
upon disloyalists. The court in several instances, 
also the County Branch of the Safety Commission, m 
imposing punishment for convictions in cases of this 
kind, in addition to other penalties specified that 
certain amounts be paid into the Red Cross treas- 
ury. This procedure brought in a good many hun- 
dreds of dollars. „ , ^ r-i • . 

Christmas, 1918, saw the second Red Cross Lhrist- 
mas roll call, which was in reality a second member- 
ship drive. Although the war was then over, interest 
in and support of the Red Cross was keen. E. R. 
Flygare was chairman of this drive. The drive 
netted 6,900 members. 

Total funds raised by the Fairmont branch, ac- 
cording to the report of the history committee, con- 
sisting of Mrs. J. E. Haycraft, Mrs. B H. Curtis 
and Miss Louise Wohlhuter, were as follows: 

December, 1917, membership drive $1,634.00 

March, 1918, band concert 999.00 

March, 1918, Lutheran School auction...... 447.60 

March', 1918, Red Cross auction 11.446.0.5 

August, 1918, second Red Cross drive 2,038.5.1 

December, 1918, membership drive ■ 1.S80.25 

$17,854.45 

Disbursements covered a wide range of calls. 
$500 00 went to fire sufferers in northern Minnesota. 
Other expenditures were for supplies in the various 
departments and in response to calls from headquar- 
ters from time to time. Whenever these calls came 
the money or finished goods were ready to meet the 
requisitions. The :\Iartin county chapters were in 
fact over financed, all having substantial sums on 
hand after all war demands had ceased. 

Under direction of the history committee reports 
have been furnished by nearly all departments and 
local chapters. These reports follow: 

Hospital Department. 

The following method was used in conducting the 
Hospital Department of Martin county, Minnesota; 

Captains were appointed to have charge of the 
sewing room each day of the week. 

Two stock-keepers had charge of the stockroom 
each day, who invoiced stock, gave out unfinished 
articles, and received all finished articles. 

Chairman of the Hospital Department had super- 
vision over all sewing, inspection, and shipping ot 

all articles. , . a u ti,. 

The total estimate of articles completed by the 
Fairmont branch, up to April 1, 1919, is 8,475. 
HAZEL HUNTTING 

Chairman Hospital Supply Co. 

Knitting Department. 

The knitting department of the Martin county 
chapter was organized September 1, 1917. Mrs. 
DeForrest Ward was appointed chairman. Mrs 
Ward appointed chairmen of ten branches and ot 
three auxiliaries in the county. 

July 1, 1919, our work will cease. In the year 
and ten months this county will have comp eted and 
shipped to headquarters over 15,000 knitted articles 
Over 5 000 pounds of yarn have been used at a cost 
of $11 500 00 1,300 balls of Dexter cotton have been 
used, teaching the children to knit with which they 
made 1,450 wash cloths for the hospitals. $500.00 
worth of knitting needles were used in the county. 
2 850 sweaters have been made, 9,000 pairs of socks 
have been knit as well as 1,343 pairs of wristlets 
450 helmets and trench caps, 550 mufflers, several 
dozen eye bandages and hot water bottle covers. 
Over 1 000 six-inch squares, made of odds and enas 
of yarn donated by the mothers, were knit by the 



48 



children and were sewed together, making afghans 
for use over the wheel chairs in the hospitals. 

Since February 1, 1919, the knitting department 
has been working on refugee knitting, and when we 
close will have shipped 100 women's shawls, 100 pairs 
of children's stockings, 100 children's sweaters, and 
50 mnfiflers. 

MARY WARD, 

Chairman Knitting Dept. 

Report of Surgical Dressing Department. 

Tlie Surgical Dressings Department of the Fair- 
mont chapter of the Martin county Red Cross was 
organized May 2s. 1918, with the registration of the 
workers, and work was begun early in June under 
the direction of the chairman, lilrs. H. S. Fairley and 
the vice-chairman, Mrs. Cora Golden. Remaining 
meni'bers of the committee of five were Mrs. E. C. 
Dean, Mrs. F. E. Wade, and Alma Peterson, the 
latter serving as treasurer. 

The course on surgical dressings was given by 
Mrs. Fairley in August, and completed by Mrs. R. 
Zierke. Gertrude Schrooten, Marion Gerth, Mrs. 
.\lida Petrie and Mrs. Frank L. Whitney. 

Work was done on three afternoons a week and 
one evening, and in the five months up to the sign- 
ing of the armistice, when all sur,gical dressing work 
was discontinued, between 8, .500 and 10,000 dressings 
were made. This work was done by the Fairmont 
department alone, no other branches having been 
organized in the county. 

MRS. H. S. FAIRLEY. 

Chairman Surgic,-il Dressings. 

Report of Home Service Department. 

The Home Service section of the Martin county, 
Minnesota, chapter, American Red Cross, was organ- 
ized with Ben Ballon as chairman in May, 1918. 

Owing to the impracticability of maintainin.g an 
office for the Home Service section the work inci- 
dent thereto has devolved upon the chairman, who 
has functioned also as secretary and treasurer. 

There were in all fifty deaths in action or from 
disease among Martin county soldiers. In nearly all 
of these cases the Home Service section extended 
important aid in procuring data, locating graves, col- 
lecting arrears of pay, obtaining personal effects of 
deceased for next of kin, adjusting uncompleted Lib- 
erty bond accounts and establishing war risk insur- 
ance claims. 

There were hundreds of cases where through per- 
sonal calls and interviews relatives were comforted 
and reassured on matters troubling them through 
the service of members of the family. When infor- 
mation or explanations could be given, as was or- 
dinarily possible, home folks were made contented 
and morale strengthened. 

Several people came to the Home Service depart- 
ment for information concerning relatives resident in 
enemy countries. Communications passed back and 
forth which resulted in relieving much anxiety. 

The great ibulk of the work of this department 
commenced with the return of the soldiers. Their 
problems presented such a mass of work and inti- 
mate knowledge of army organization and detail 
that Chairman Ben Ballon was compelled to resign. 
Rev. A. E. Fillmore, chairman of the Martin county 
chapter, induced Major Arthur M. Nelson, a returned 
soldier who had served in the .Adjutant General's 
department, to take up the work. He has devoted 
the greater part of his time to Red Cross work since 
February, 1919. 

Hundreds of returned soldiers have been advised 
and helped in regard to arrearages of pay, non-re- 
ceipt of Liberty bonds, lost discharge certificates, 
compensation claims, discontinued allotments and 
many other matters. Assistance has been given in 



more than 1,000 cases incident to the Minnesota State 
Soldiers' Bonus. 

When the $60.00 bonus and additional mileage for 
soldiers discliarged before March 1st became availa- 
ble several Iiundred of these claims were handled. 

Wide publicity to the services offered was obtained 
through the newspapers of the county. This result- 
ed in placing the matter prominently before the re- 
turned soldiers. 

The Home Service section has sou,ght to encour- 
a,ge and assist the discharged men in changing and 
keeping up their war risk insurance. Many who had 
allowed their certificates to lapse have been induced 
to reinstate a part of the amount. 

No time has been devoted by this section to keep- 
ing or compiling statistical information. That the 
Home Service section is appreciated and doing val- 
uable work is attested by the great volume of duties 
brought to it. 

There is every indication that the work of this 
department will continue indefinitely 
We hereb}' certify this history to be correct. 
Marie S. Haycraft, 
Mrs. B. H. Curtis, Per M. S. H. 
Louise Wohlheter, Secretary. 

History Committee. 
Albert E. Fillmore, 

Chairm;in M.irtin County Chapter. 

History of the Sherburn Branch of Martin County 
Chapter A. R. C. 

A meeting was called July 9, 1917, for the purpose 
of organizing a Red Cross branch at Sherburn, Min- 
nesota. 

Dr. R. C. Farrish acted as chairman of the meet- 
ing. 

The by-laws and other literature relating to the 
American Red Cross organization were read and 
iliscussed and resulted in the organization of the 
branch and the election of the following ofticers: 

Dr. R. C. Farrish, chairman: Rev. R. Levin, Pastor 
of the M. E. church, vice chairman; Miss Elizabeth 
Eisenmenger, secretary; C. E. Landin of the Sher- 
burn National Bank, treasurer. 

The above mentioned officers together with the 
following charter members formed the Executive 
committee: 

Mrs. A. G. T. Broun, Mrs. H. G. Seifert, Mrs. C. 
Young, Mrs. Ada Peddie, Mrs. John W. Eisen- 
menger, Mrs. M. J. Farrish, Mrs. F. Bettenhausen, 
Mrs. J. H. Grill, .Mrs. J. C. Flygare, .Mrs. M. J. 
Loonier. 

The amount of fourteen dollars received from these 
members as application fees was remitted to the 
secretary of the Martin county chapter with appli- 
cation for a permanent organization. 

This recjuest was granted on July Ifi, 1917. The 
Branch was given jurisdiction over the villa.ge of 
Sherburn and the immediate surrounding territory. 

Miss Elizabeth Eisenmenger resigned as Secretary 
and Mrs. J. E. Flygare was appointed to fill the va- 
cancy. 

The officers named served during the entire period 
of the branch's activity. 

A few changes occurred on the Executive Board, 
namely: Mrs. H. G. Seifert resigned and her place 
was filled by Mrs. G. H. Matson February 23, 1918. 
Mrs. J. H. Grill resigned and her place was filled by 
Mrs. B. H. Roth .April 27, 1918. 

The following committees were appointed and 
served faithfully: 
Finance: 

.\. G. T. Broun, Pres. Bank of Sherburn, Chair- 
itian; H. G. Seifert, Druggist; J. C. Flygare, Clothing 
Merchant. 
Hospital Supply: 

Mrs. F. Betienhausen, Chairman; Mrs. G. H. Mat- 
son, Mrs. Ada Peddie from September 0, 1917 to 



40 



February :^3, 191S, when Mrs. Bettenhausen resigned 
and Mrs. Matson acted as Chairman. 

On March 30. 1918, Mrs. M. J. Farrish was ap- 
pointed Head Supervisor and the following ladies as- 
sisted one day each week as Supervisor of the sew- 
in.s;: 

Mrs. A. G. T. Broun. Mrs. T. Fogarty, Mrs. G. H. 
Matson. Mrs. L. Mackeben, Mrs. B. H. Roth and 
IMiss Jennie Santer. 

Miss Wally Grupe had charge every Monday even- 
ing. 

Mrs. M. J. Farrish resigned in September. 191S. 
and Mrs. A. G. T. Broun acted as Supervisor until 
November 16, 1918. when she resigned and Mrs. G. H. 
Matson was appointed Supervisor and continued to 
serve until the close of the work. 

Purchasing Committee: 

Mrs. -\. G. T. lironn and Mrs. J. E. FI}-gare were 
appointed September fi. 1917, and served in that ca- 
pacity until January 36, 1918, when this committee 
was combined witli tlie Hospital Supply Committee. 
Knitting Committee: 

Mrs. A. G. T. Broun, Chairman; Mrs. O. A. Nelson 
and Mrs. K. Griebel. Mrs. Broun .gave unlimited 
time to tlie instruction of knitters and inspecting the 
work, besides knittin.g numerous articles. Mrs. Grie- 
bel superintended the knitting of socks besides per- 
sonally knitting 14.5 pairs. 

Publicity Committee: 

R. C. Farrish and Mrs. J. E. Flygare. 

School Auxiliary Committee: 

Superintendent G, H. Helgeson, C. E. Landin and 
;\Irs. J. E. Flygare. 

Committee on Red Cross Auction: 

A. G. T. Broun. H. G. Seifert, J. C. Flygare, R. 
Levin, C. E. Landin. 

The first canvass for membership and funds took 
place Saturday afternoon, July 14, 1917, and same 
was accompanied by a parade, speaking and a supper 
in the evening, and resulted in the securing of 160 
new members. 

Tlirou.gh the efforts of the school children on No- 
vember 1, 1917, a fund of $23 was collected for the 
Soldiers' Christmas Packets. 

In the latter part of November. 1917, funds were 
getting low and the Finance Committee gave a 
dance for the benefit of the Branch. This dance was 
well patronized and brought $369.40 into the treasury. 

In March, 1918, the funds again were running low 
and it was decided to hold an auction for the benefit 
of the Branch, this having been done successfully in 
other places. As before mentioned a committee was 
appointed to arrange the matter and tlie said com- 
mittee solicited donations from the people of Sher- 
burn and surrounding territory for tlie purpose of 
selling donated articles at a public sale to be held 
on March 19, 1918, in the Village Street. 

The committee met w-ith liberal responses from 
town people and country people alike and articles 
too numerous to mention were brought in on the 
given date. 

The chief event of the sale was the selling of a 
Shetland pony which had been donated by Mrs. 
Mary White, a widow who had three sons in the 
service. This pony was bought and donated back 
innumerable times until the proceeds of its sale 
amounted to almost $6,000. Tlie total amount col- 
lected from said sale was $7, 91:.'. 13. The grand suc- 
cess of the sale was largeh- due to the splendid work 
done by the auctioneer, John L. Roebke, of Sherburn, 
who gave freely of his time and money, not only 
at this sale but at every other sale in the county 
or surrounding counties where he officiated. 

Through correspondence with F. W. Bruno, of 
the Civilian Relief Committee the Branch allowed 
Mrs. Thomas Benjamin $100.00 to aid her in sending 
her husband to a sanitarium. 



One collection of old shoes was sent east and three 
collections of old clothing made for the Belgians, 
fire suflferers in Northern Minnesota and for the des- 
titute of Europe. 

A linen shower for the French Hospitals brought 
in 345 articles. 

Tlie Hospital Sujiply Committee turned in 1,395 
articles of which the Auxiliary of Elm Creek with 
Mrs. John Carlson as chairman turned in 155 bed- 
shirts. 

The Sherburn Travel Class gave their Thursday 
study period in part to sewing and study of topics 
relating to war conditions. The sewing done in- 
cluded 100 army shirts remodeled and 185 refugee 
garments. 

The Knitting Committee is credited with 1,481 ar- 
ticles. The Patriotic League of the Eastern Star 
responded to the call by knitting 35 articles. 

Complete Financial Statement of the Branch. 
Receipts. 

From sociables, dances, etc $ 797.31 

Christmas Packet funds 24.23 

Red Cross auction 7,912.12 

Memberships and dues (exclusive of drives') 319.00 
Returned to us from Martin Co. chapter 

from dues 144.50 

Returned to us from Martin Co. chapter 

from drives 939.00 

Donations 269.41 

Sale of yarn and supplies 232.24 

Interest collected on time deposits 300.00 

Total receipts $10,937.81 

Disbursements. 
Remitted to jMartin Co. chapter (exclusive of 

drives) $ 313.00 

Paid out for local expenses 67.57 

Paid out for varn and supplies... 3,068.91 
Paid out for Christmas Packets . . 25.00 
Paid out for Benjamin relief 100.00 

Total disbursements $574.48 

Cash on hand $7,363.33 

Respectfully submitted, 

Mrs. J. E. Flygare, 
C. E. Sandin, 
Mrs. Geo. Matson, 
Lucy E. Broun. 
Approved: History Committee. 

R. C. Farrish. 

Branch Chairman. 

History of Ceylon Branch. 

Introduction: The Ceylon Branch of the Martin 
County Red Cross chapter was organized August 3, 
1917. Its geographical limits are Lake Belt and 
Tenhassen townships and the village of Ceylon. 

Personnel: The officers and committee chairmen 
serving from August 3. 1917 to January 4, 1918, were: 

Chairman, Mrs. E. W. Bailey. 

Vice-chairman, Mrs. J. C. Erase. 

Secretary, Mrs. Wm. Ditz, Jr. 

Treasurer, Mrs. Neal Bode. 

Executive Committee, Mr. R. P. Sinclair, Mr. R. 
W. Stewart. 

Supply Committee, Mrs. H. B. Bailey. 

Membership Committee, Mrs. George Follett. 

Finance Committee, Mrs. J. R. Houston. 

On January 4, 1918 the followin.g officers and com- 
mittee chairmen took up their duties: 

Chairman, Mrs. H. B. Bailey. 

Vice-chairman, Rev. Geo. Williams. 

Secretary, Mrs. Wm. Ditz, Jr. 

Treasurer, Mrs. Neal Bode. 



50 



Executive Committee, Mrs. O. L. Shively, Mrs. 
J. C. Frase. 

Supply Committee, Mrs. William Cook. 

Membership Committee, Mrs. Geo. Follett. 

Finance Committee, Mr. R. P. Sinclair. 

Knitting Committee, Mrs. John Champine. 

These officers and chairmen are still serving with 
the exception of Mrs. Geo. Follett. who was re- 
placed by Mrs. A. E. Alton on October 29, 1918. 

Organization: Our Committees were appointed by 
the executive committee and each committee chair- 
man kept the records of work done by his or her 
committee. 

Record of the Work: Our Branch raised $59.00 by 
meinbership dues at its organization of which we re- 
ceived 50%. 

The following money was raised in these various 
ways : 
Tag Day refund from Martin Co. chapter. 

Nov. 30, 191T $ 135.55 

Show, Sept. 30, 1917 106.25 

Supper, Nov. 29, 1917 129.31 

Membership drive ending Dec. 24, 1917.... 305.50 

Refund from Martin Co. chapter 165.15 

High School play 94.50 

Auction sale under auspices of Lake Belt 

Farmers' Club 4,902.57 

Show, May 28, 1918 54.25 

Dance by Messrs. Andrews and A. Prust . . 73.00 

Refund from Martin Co. chapter 622.00 

Christmas roll call ending Dec. 24, 1918 640.00 

Refund from Martin Co. chapter 320.00 

Donations. 

Henry Dettman $403.30 

Primary Department • ■ . . 19.22 

Miss .-\ndrews. District No. 32 '..... 94.00 

Rebekah Lodge 5.00 

Grandma Stone 10.00 

Mrs. Mary Alvord 10.00 

Harvest Money 89.20 

Pro-German Fines 100.00 

Mrs. John Champine 5.00 

Mrs. Decatur Pasley 5.00 

Miscellaneous 40.83 

Number of hospital .garments finished and 

sent to Chapter 1,448 

Number of knitted articles 812 

The Ceylon Branch donated $550.00 to the Ar- 
menian Relief F''und and paid out $162.85 in relieving 
sufifering during the influenza epidemic in Ceylon 
and vicinitv. 

Mrs. O. L. Shively. 

Mrs. Wm. Ditz, Jr. 

Mrs. J. C. Frase, 

Mrs. H. B. Bailey, 

Branch Chairman. 

Triumph-Monterey Branch American Red Cross. 

On Aug. 24. 1917. the people of the community 
responded to the call for a public patriotic meeting 
to be held on the school grounds. After a parade 
of the people present. Attorney A. R. Allen of Fair- 
mont delivered a remarkable patriotic speech after 
which the public assembled in the school house and 
a permanent Branch of the Martin County Red Cross 
chapter was organized, the Branch starting with 49 
members and endin.g with 466. 

The territory included Triumph-Monterey and the 
Township of Galena and a portion of Elm Creek 
Township. 

The following officers were elected for the ensuing 
year: 

Branch Officers and Executive Committee. 

Dr. Jos. A. Butz, Cliairman. 

Mrs. G. Oberle, Vice Chairman. 

Mrs. Chas. Hastings, Treasurer. 

Mrs. F. W. Winter, Secretary. 



Airs. R. B. Hall. 
Mrs. L. W. Steele. 
Mrs. R. Jones. 

Purchasing and Work Committee. 

Mrs. J. A. Butz. Mrs. F. A. Kroeger. 

Mrs. R. B. Hall. Mrs. C. I\L Stockdill. 

Mrs. L. A. O. Stockdill. Mrs. Jos. Casey. 

Mrs. A. G. Mathewson Mrs. W. A. Rhoads. 

Mrs. G. E. Brockman. Mrs. W. D. Sweesy. 

Mrs. S. P. Pope. 

All cheerfully acted in their respective capacities 
for the year. The work was at once put in motion 
by the chairman, Dr. J. A. Butz, who put forth 
every eflfort to make a success of the organization. 
Altho a very busy man in his profession the chair- 
man conducted the affairs of the organization in a 
very efficient manner with splendid results. 

At the next Annual Meeting Aug. 29, 1918, the 
following officers were elected: 

Officers and Executive Committee. 
Dr. J. A. Butz, Chairman. 
Rev. H. W. Neunaber. Vice Chairman. 
Mrs. W. D. Sweesy, Secretary. 
A. H. Esse, Treasurer. 
Mrs. J. A. Butz Mrs. F. W. Winter 

Mrs. A. H. Esse Mrs. G. LImhoefer 

Mrs. G. Peterson Mrs. S. P. Pope 

Mrs. C. M. Stockdill. 

Purchasing and Work Committee. 
Mrs. J. A. Butz, Chairman. Mrs. O. Westerdahl 
Mrs. F. Kingred Mrs. G. Blanck 

Mrs. E. Jerner Mrs. L. A. O. Stockdill 

Mrs. A. Peterson 

The Executive Committee met once each month 
and transacted the business for the Branch. 

Much praise must be given to Mesdames Sweesy, 
Winter and Butz upon whom the most work fell, 
keeping the records, purchasing goods, distributing 
work, inspecting, packing and shipping — in fact the 
business end of the Branch. 

Two work rooms were maintained, one in each 
town, which were opened to workers three days of 
each week, these rooms being in charge of experi- 
enced supervisors who were always at their posts to 
supervise the sewing. The knitting supervisors for 
the two years were Mrs. S. P. Pope, Mrs. G. Peter- 
son, Mrs. J. P. Carlson and Mrs. A. B. Drewes. 

These ladies deserve much credit for their efficient 
and untiring work in handling the yarn, instructing 
knitters and inspecting finished products. 

The number of articles made since the Branch was 
organized is: Garments sewed, 1,389; garments 
knitted, 1,086. 

The use of work rooms was donated by Baptist 
Church, Commercial State Bank and Triumph State 
Bank. 

Fuel donated by the citizens and draying was done 
gratis by draymen of both towns and Lyle Butz. 

Credits were given to all sewers and knitters in the 
form of crosses and stripes for the time spent in 
sewing and knitting and an accurate record was kept 
as follows: 

Numbers of sewers. 106. 

Number of knitters, 150. 

The following workers having worked 172 hours 
the amount of time required to receive two crosses 
and one stripe: 

Mesdames H. C. Blanck, A. G. Mathewson. A. 
Peterson, G. Peterson, Lena Pixley, F. S. Schwalen, 
L. A. O. Stockdill, W. D. Sweesy, F. W. Winter, G. 
Umhoefer, D. Faivre, H. Kramer, H. Shepard, J. P. 
Carlson, J. A. Butz, J. Casey, E. Jerner, E. W. Dush- 
inske, G. G. Satter, Chas. Waswo, C. A. Hastings, 
Minnie Kock, Leona Fitzsimmons and Mrs. Oscar 
Westerdahl. 



51 



There were 24 women in the two towns who did 
not respond or give any time to the organization 
work. 

The second meeting was an event in the history of 
the organization. The Red Cross Committee served 
a fried chicken banqnet on tlie lawn of ^Irs. G. 
Peterson to the speakers and officers of the Motor 
Reserve and Band after which an exhibition drill of 
the ^f otor Corps was given followed by a tremendous 
parade of citizens, band, speakers. Red Cross work- 
ers in uniform, Camp Fire girls and Boy Scouts, 
after which a large crowd assembled in the Monterey 
hall and listened to the fluent speakers. Rev. I. E. 
Moody and Rev. H. W. Neunaber and J. E. Hay- 
craft. 

The Finances were obtained mosth' bj' public 
contributions. Some socials, sales, dances and a 
tag day all helped to fill the coflfers at all times and 
there never was a shortage of funds. 

The following is a brief outline of the work of 
the Branch: 

Money collected $4.7S9.47 

Money expended 3,304.03 



Balance on hand . . 



, . .$1,48.5.44 



The Branch conducted a Correspondence Club, 
furnished la comfort kits and sent the local papers 
to all soldiers from the community both in home 
camps and abroad. 

Much credit must be given to the Boy Scouts un- 
der Scout Master Esse for the collection of the sev- 
eral loads of refugee garments at different drives. 

Statement of the Elm Creek Branch. 

Mrs. Henry Ammann, Chairman; Mable M. Kirkle. 
Secretary; Mrs. Geo. Swanson, Treasurer. Number 
of workers, 42. Number of garments sewed, 48. 
Number of garments knitted, 138. 

Amount of moneys received .$339.01 

Amount expended 165.95 

Balance on hand $173.06 

Si,gned: 
F. A. Kroeger, 
Mrs. W. D. Sweesy, 
P. C. Reding, 

History Committee. 
Approved ^lay 7, 1919. 

J. A. Butz. Branch Chairman. 

History of the East Chain Branch of the Martin 
County Chapter of the Red Cross. 

The East Chain Branch of the Martin County 
Chapter of the Red Cross was organized at a meet- 
ing held in Woodman Hall September 17, 1917. Wil- 
liam Doyle, chairman pro tern, introduced Rev. Mr. 
Fillmore, chairman of the Martin County chapter, 
who then proceeded witli the organization of the 
branch according to regulations. The geograpliical 
limits were fixed to include East Chain township, 
the east half of Silver Lake townsliip except Section 
4, Section 36 of Fairmont township and the two 
lower tiers of sections in Pleasant Prairie township. 

The following were elected to serve as officers: 
William Doyle, chairman; Andrew Carlson, vice 
chairman; Mrs. Alma L. Nelson, secretary; Robert 
W. Nelson, treasurer. Members of the executive 
committee were Peter Jensen, Mrs. Geo. Jones and 
Mrs. O. J. Carlson. These officers have served from 
the organization of the branch until the present 
time with the exception of Mrs. Jones and Jilrs. 
Carlson. Their removal from East Chain left vacan- 
cies which were filled by Mrs. O. G. Rowley and 
Mrs. Ben Owens. Wm. Dahl was also appointed vice 
cliairman as Andrew Carlson is not a member. 



The committee chairmen were as follows: Mem- 
bership. O. G. Rowley; Finance, Wm. Dahl; Hospi- 
tal Supply, Mrs. Wm. Doyle; Knitting, Mrs. John 
Hall, who served until May 31, 1918, when Miss 
Laura Hendrickson was appointed. We had none 
other than the usual committees which were organ- 
ized according to instructions from Division Head- 
quarters. 

The quality- of work done b5' our branch stood 
next to Fairmont. The Hospital Supply committee 
turned in 2,583 completed hospital .garments, 240 
pieces for the linen shower, 146 refugee garments and 
75 altered army shirts. The knitting committee 
sent in 916 knitted articles. 

436 new members were added to our branch in 
the 1918 Christmas Membership drive. The total 
membership of our branch is 600. 

Our local civilian relief work consisted of assist- 
ance given one family who lost everj-thing by fire 
and medical aid given one family ill with influenza. 
A lar,ge quantity of clothing was collected for Bel- 
gium's refugees. 

The money to finance our work was raised in va- 
rious ways. There were many individual donations 
of money. The Finance committee gave an oyster 
supper, schools gave entertainments and turned the 
proceeds into the Red Cross. 

During harvest the business men of our little vil- 
lage shocked grain for farmers in our vicinity and 
pay for their time was turned into the treasury of 
the Red Cross. 

At private auctions articles were donated to the 
Red Cross and sold many times, realizing large sums 
for our work. The largest sum raised at one time 
was that secured at our Red Cross auction. Mem- 
bers donated everything from canned fruit and veg- 
etables to cattle and hogs. These articles were sold 
at auction by two prominent auctioneers aid 
$5,312.28 was realized. 

Mrs. Irene H. Ruble, 
Mrs. Alma L. Nelson, 
R. W. Nelson, 

Historj' Committee. 
Approved: 

Wm. Doyle, 
Chairman. 

History of Dunnell Branch of the Martin County 
Chapter of Red Cross. 

The Dunnell branch of the Martin County Chap- 
ter of tlie Red Cross was organized at Dunnell 
.\ug. 29. 1917. The following officers were elected: 

President C. Linus Peterson 

Vice President M. M. Sorenson 

Secretary Lotta Larson 

Treasurer Mrs. E. G. Math wig 

One hundred sixteen members were obtained at 
this meeting. This branch includes Lake Fremont, 
and a part of Lake Belt and Jay townships. During 
the first year 412 were enrolled. During the Christ- 
mas Roll Call of 1918, 497 members were secured. 

The executive committee at their first session 
Sept. 11. 1917, elected the hospital supplies' and knit- 
ting committees with Mrs. J. A. Linder and Mrs. 
August Wenberg as chairmen respectively. All offi- 
cers and chairmen have held office continuously from 
the time of their election to the present time (May 
0. 1919). C. Linus Peterson, the president, is a lead- 
ing figure in the business and social affairs of the 
community. He is a born executive and has been 
the right man for the place. M. M. Sorenson, the 
vice president, is an enthusiastic worker in every 
office which he holds. He is intensely patriotic and 
is working hard in this cause. The Red Cross mem- 
bers showed good judgment in the election of Miss 
Lotta Larson as secretary. This office carries with 
it a great amount of work in the executive committee. 
Both ability and inclination fit her for the position. 



52 



Mrs. E. G. Mathwig, one of Dunnell's most hard 
working and patriotic women, served efficiently as 
treasurer. Mrs. J. A. Linder and Mrs. August Wen- 
berg have been untiring in their efforts to make 
their departments efficient. Both have been compe- 
tent and .\ class work has been forwarded to head- 
quarters. 

The following committees were organized: 

1. Executive Committee. 

2. Membership Committee. 
.■!. Finance Committee. 

4. Hospital Supply Committee. 

5. Knitting Committee. 

4. The following articles have been manufac- 
tured: 

190 hospital shirts, 95 suits pajamas, 10 pair leg- 
gings, 9 pair socks, :34 triangular bandages, 23 split- 
tailed bandages, 2.3 abdominal banda,ges, 8 covers for 
hot water bags, 'i bed coats, 212 refugee petticoats, 
4 dozen tray cloths and napkins, .50 bath towels, 100 
hand towels, 60 handkerchiefs, 5 napkins. 25 sheets, 
100 army shirts (remodeled), 10 refugee dresses, 
20 boys' drawers, 20 pinafores, 30 chemises, 417 pair 
socks, 18 helmets, 78 sweaters, 71 wristlets, 16 muf- 
flers. 

First War Drive $333.76 

Second War Drive 351.94 

I^elief Work: Fire Sufiferers of Minn 200.00 

Besides the war drives and membership dues the 
following methods have l)een used to finance the 
Brancli : 

Socials $231.44 

Entertainments 89.62 

.Auctions 1,348.47 

Donations 225.99 

Fine 100.00 

Signed: 
Lotta Larson, 
Rehlia Bergsten, 
Ellen Svvanson, 

History Committee. 
C. Linus Peterson, 

Branch Chairman. 

Report of Cedar Branch. 

The Cedar Branch of the American Red Cross 
was temporariU' organized on Aug. 1, 191T. at the 
home of W. L. Colburn with ten members, viz.:W. L. 
Colburn, A. E. Edman, A. N. Nelson, A. O. .Able- 
man, Hans Running. Mabel Swanson and Minnie 
Swanson and Mr. and ^Irs. A. C. Martin. Mrs. A. C. 
Martin was appointed chairman and Mabel Swanson 
secretary. 

On Sept. 7, 1917, at the home of A. O. Ableman 
the organization was perfected. The officers for the 
year were: Chairman, A. N. Nelson; Vice Chairman, 
Mrs. A. C. Martin: Secretary, Mabel Swanson; 
Treasurer, W. L. Colburn; Executive Committee, Lil- 
lian Smithers, Grace Santee and ^Irs. Fred Sturde- 
vant. Finance Committee Chairman, A. C. Martin, 
Chairman Hospital Supply Committee, Mrs. A. C. 
Martin. Chairman of the Knittin,g, Minnie Swanson. 
Officers were elected by a vote of the people. The 
Cedar Branch consisted of the town of Cedar. 

Miss Mabel Swanson served as secretary of the 
branch until Feb. 22, 1918, when she resigned on 
account of ill health and Miss Mabel Syverson was 
appointed to take her place. At the end of the fiscal 
year the annual election was held at the home of 
Mr. and Mrs. John Olson. The following officers 
were elected: Chairman, G. ;M. Olson; Vice Chair- 
man, J. S. Bolstad; Secretary and Treasurer, Mabel 
Syverson; Executive Committee, Mrs. Hoelmer, So- 
phia Pearson, A. N. Nelson, A. C. Martin, John Eh- 
lers. Chairman of Hospital Supply Committee, Mrs. 
A. C. Martin; Chairman Knitting, Minnie Swanson; 
Chairman Finance Committee, A. C. Martin. On 



Feb. 5, 1919, Mr. G. M. Olson resigned his vacancy 
bemg filled by Vice Chairman, J. S. Bolstad. 

There being no city or village in the limits of 
the territory covered by the, branch it was neces- 
sary for the ladies to go from house to house to do 
the sewing. Although not having the advantage of 
regular sewing the record shows there was turned 
into headquarters sewing to the amount of 483 arti- 
cles, 599 knitted articles, there being 60 sewing meet- 
ings held from Oct. 6, 1917, until March 14, °1919. 

Cedar Branch Sewing. 

Draw sheets 37, hot water bag covers 21 napkins 
30, tray cloths 22, substitute handkerchiefs 67 bed 
shirts 185, operating leggings 225, comfort pillows 
40, utility bags 40, hand towels 403, pajamas 268 
abdominal bandages 209, triangular bandages I79' 
four-tailed bandages 11, split tailed bandages 14, bed 
socks 14 pair, boys' underwear, size 12, 12 suits 
women's chemises 130, girls' chemises 8, girls' draw- 
f" -6, 5 layette outfits 142 pieces, crib quilts 3 
child s petticoats 50, boys' underdrawers 20 armv 
shirts 50. 

Linen Shower. 

Bath towels 43, li.mdkerchicfs 60, napkins 5, hand 
towels 100, sheets 25. 

Knitting beginning Oct. 4, I9I7, ending Feb. 10, 

Wash cloths 150, wristlets 53 pair, mufflers 7 
trench caps 6, helmets 13, socks 291 pair. 

Financial Report. 

Receipts. 

Lunches and dinners ^ 73 j 55 

Red Cross sales, socials and donations 1,598,98 

Annual memberships 183 40 

Returns from second war drive 225^01 

Return from 1918 membership drive ......'. 123.00 

Total receipts 2,863 04 

Expenses. 

Yarn and needles $712 92 

Sewing material 1,051.87 

Postage, express, and telephone ' 14.67 

Membership dues 99.25 

Goods for service flag 9 80 

Knitting machine 25 00 

Goods bought for monthly meetings 39.07 

Material for Blekestad family 3.90 

Total expense $1,949.48 

Balance on hand $912.56 

A. C. Martin, 
Mrs. A. C. Martin, 
Mabel Syverson, 

History Committee. 
Approved: 

J. S Bolstad, 
Chairman. 

Welcome Branch. 
American Red Cross. 

On October 31, 1917, a meeting was called to or- 
ganize a permanent Red Cross branch at Welcome. 
This branch included Welcome, and parts of Eraser, 
Rolling Green and Manyaska townships. At this 
time the following officers were elected: J. W. Wol- 
ford. Chairman; B. Alamer, Vice Chairman; Gladys 
Ellsworth, Secretary; Dr. Strobel, Treasurer. Mrs. 
Sartorius and J\Irs. Hanley with the four officers 
formed the executive committee. 

On October 21, 1918, Gladys Ellsworth handed in 
her resignation, and was succeeded by Luverne Wil- 
kinson. The other officers are still holding their 
respective places. These officers are all loyal citi- 
zens of our town, and have faithfully performed 
their duties. 



53 



In the active Red Cross work, Mrs. Sartorius acted 
as chairman of the Knitting Department with Mrs. 
Chas. Roloff and Mrs. Henry Rolofif as assistants. 
Mrs. Hanley acted as chairman of the Hospital Sup- 
ply Department, having a captain for each day of 
the week, Mrs. Robinson who served the entire 
time. Mrs. Wackwitz, Mrs. John Schwarz, Mrs. Van 
Amber, Rose Finke, Mrs. Hausfeld, Mrs. Holton, 
Mrs. H. A. Miller, Mrs. H. Werner, Mrs. H. L. Oer- 
ber, and Mrs. Archie Decker. Mrs. Chas. Smith from 
the country acted as chairman of the country club. 

Work accomplished by the Hospital Supply De- 
partment to and including December, 1918: 

Pajamas, 348 pairs; bed shirts, 201; shoulder wraps, 
13; pillow slips, 27 pairs: towels, 31; dresses, 5; 
remodeled army shirts, 100. 

Beginning the lirst of 1919 to the present time, 
refugee garments turned in: 

Boys' underdrawers, 20; child's underskirts, 50; 
chemises, 30; aprons, 20. 

Garments turned in by the Knitting Department: 

Pairs of socks, 496; sweaters, 138 ;wristlets, 85; 
helmets, 2; mufflers, 41; wash cloths, 31; trench caps, 
37. 

The branch also furnished their allotment in the 
linen drive, and assisted in the collecting of old 
clothes for the refugees. 

The Red Cross was also active in the different 
drives for funds. $800 was raised in the big Red 
Cross drive of May 20, 1918. In the Christmas mem- 
bership drive of December, 1918, $155.95 was taken 
in. Donations of various amounts were received 
from different sources. An Evangelical church col- 
lection of $2.75 was given by H. A. Miller. Dona- 
tions each of $5.00 were given by Camp Fire Girls 
and School District No. 90, also a donation of 
$70.00 was received from School District No. 89. A 
benefit movie was given, and the proceeds of $47.50 
were donated to the Red Cross by Manager J. F. 
Roloff. The Royal Neighbors gave two basket so- 
cials wliich amounted to $69.85, also a special Red 
Cross social was given which netted $65.00. The La- 
dies' Aid Society donated a table at the Ladies Aid 
meeting which brought in $11.05. $44.50 was brought 
in by citizens of the town who helped the farmers 
in the harvest fields after office hours. A pig which 
was given to the Red Cross, was sold at the Halk- 
ney auction for $360.50. 

A benefit auction was held March 24, 1918. Re- 
ceipts to the amount of $6,736.90 were turned in to 
the Red Cross, also the sum of $184.75 was raised by 
the Junior Red Cross in a voting contest in connec- 
tion with the sale. 

During the "flu" epidemic in October, 1918, the Red 
Cross took charge of the situation. A corps of seven 
nurses under the supervision of Miss Greenwaldt 
took charge of the cases. Through the aid of the 
Motor Corps the nurses were able to attend 216 
cases during the three weeks' time they were here. 
The amount expended in fighting the flu, $839.38, was 
paid by the Welcome Red Cross. 

At the present time, we have an active Red Cross 
branch, composed of 459 members. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Mrs. Ed. Hanley, 
Luverne Wilkinson, 
Florence Whitney. 
Attested: 

J. W. Wolford, 
Chairman. 

Fox Lake Branch. 

American Red Cross 

The Fox Lake branch of the Red Cross includes 
the township of Fox Lake. The first meeting was 
held at Clans Timmerman's home on the old John 
McCartin farm July 15, 1917. Judge E. C. E)ean, 
Attorney J. E. Haycraft and J. E. Everett addressed 



this meeting. The meeting was called and the pre- 
liminary arrangements were made by C. L. Blanchar 
who presided at the meeting. An organization was 
formed by electing H. I. Davey Chairman, John Phil- 
ipp. Treasurer, and C. L. Blanchar Secretary. The 
meeting was held on the lawn and about one hun- 
dred men. women and children attended. Contribu- 
tions for the Red Cross were asked. Edd Bloomer 
donated one hundred dollars, two or three gave fifty 
dollars, several twenty-five and lower, amounting 
in all to $249.00. As the county chapter had not re- 
ceived its charter the money was deposited in the 
Welcome bank. 

A few months later a permit was duly accorded. 
At a Y. M. C. A. meeting in the school house of 
Dist. 22 November 19, 1917, the organization was 
completed and the following elected officers: Chair- 
man, H. L Davey; Treasurer, John Philipp; Secre- 
tary, Mrs. F. W. Klein. 

The first drive was the Christmas Drive of 1917. 
The township was divided alloting four sections to 
each solicitor. Two hundred seven members were 
secured in this drive. 

March 18, 1918, a Red Cross benefit sale was held 
at a public auction of Carl Oilman, near Welcome. 
The ladies sold lunches and the farmers brought 
hogs, calves, poultry, grain, etc. John Roebke cried 
file Red Cross sales, donating his service. Tlie sales 
and lunches amounted to nearly $2,000.00. At anoth- 
er auction Mrs. John Steen donated a pi.g that 
brought $41.00. Mr. Bloomquist donated poultry at 
a sale that brought $4.00. 

The pupils of District 22 gave a necktie social that 
amounted to $50.00. District 6.'! and 22 .gave a play 
at Welcome netting $65.00. 

October 24th, at Klussman auction sale, the ladies 
of District 63 sold lunch for the benefit of the Red 
Cross, the lunch amounting to $23.00. Henry 
Drewes donated a dog which with donations brought 
$28. 

The apportionment in the National Red Cross 
drive was $700.00 for our branch. There were ample 
funds on hand, a canvass was not made but $800.00 
was donated from the general fund. 

A drive for membership was made just before 
Christmas, 1918. Owing to the influenza sickness 
the drive was not completed until some time later. 
Two hundred and forty-four members joined in this 
drive. 

The sewing work was begun in February, 191S. 
The branch took work every time a call was made. 
The township was divided into districts and the fol- 
lowing ladies were appointed captains: School Dis- 
trict S4, Mrs. Herman Davey; District 63, Miss Maria 
Drewes; District 22, Mrs. Wm. Schuelein and Mrs. 
Jacob Tenhoff; District 26, Mrs. C. L. Blanchar. 
Mrs. Wm. Schuelein was appointed assistant secre- 
tary and took general charge of the work allotted 
to the branch. This work required a great deal 
of time and hard work, and special mention is made 
of the capable and efficient manner in which she did 
the work. 

Mrs. Geo. Wohlhuter was given general super- 
vision of the knitting. Her work as well as that 
of all the captains was well done and deserve spe- 
cial mention for the sacrifice they made. 

The total amount of work done by the branch is as 
follows: 

188 sweaters, 36 pairs wristlets, 2 wash cloths, 103 
towels, 63 pairs bed socks, 23 abdominal bandages, 
19 H. W. B. covers, 5 ice bag covers, 96 bed shirts, 
301 pairs socks, 4 trench caps, 1 muffler, 24 pairs 
leggings, 93 Tri. bandages, 10 napkins, 2 bottle covers, 
77 pajama suits, 97 boys' shirts. 

Linen Shower. 

Made 100 hand towels, 5 napkins. Furnished 75 
yards sheeting, 50 bath towels, 60 handkerchiefs. 



54 



Refugee Work. 

10 chemises, 20 pair boys' drawers, SO undershirts, 
70 army shirts more than lialf done. 

During the influenza epidemic the branch gave aid 
to the families of Mrs. John Rooney and David Mc- 
Lellen. 

At this time there is a balance on hand of $419.00. 

Respectfully submitted, 



Approved: 
H. I. Davey, 
Chairman. 



C. L. Blanchar, 
Mrs. F. W. Klein, 
Committee. 



American Red Cross. 
Waverly Branch History. 

The Waverly Red Cross was formed February 31, 
1918, by the Ladies' Aid of the Waverly church. 

This Aid being interested in the Red Cross, agreed 
to borrow money from their treasury for the pur- 
pose of buying material in order to start, working 
as an auxiliary branch of Fairmont. 

The officers of the Ladies' Aid, who are persons 
of prominence and public spirit, acted also as Red 
Cross officers with the exception of the treasurer. 

The first meeting was held March 7, 1918, at the 
home of Mrs. Lars Christensen where the first ma- 
terial was issued to interested workers, by the pres- 
ident, Mrs. A. E. Man. 

At this meeting it was voted that a public Red 
Cross sale and dinner should be given March 16, 
1918, at the Waverly church parlors for the purpose 
of raising a sufficient fund to buy material for the 
Red Cross. 

This sale and dinner was a great success bringing 
.$1,14.3 which was considered very good owin.g to 
the bad roads and small crowd of people. All who 
attended gave fine donations toward the dinner and 
sale. 

Immediately after dinner, a very iencouraging 
speech was delivered by Rev. M. K. fiartman of St. 
James, which proved to be a great aid in procuring 
the large sum. 

Mrs. A. E. Mau acted as chairman of the sale, 
Gus Johnson and Harry Sheppard, auctioneers, A. E. 
Man and Martin George, clerks, Knute Helvig and 
John Leng, Sr., ticket sellers for dinner. 

The names of persons, officers and time of holding 
each office are as follows: 

Chairman, Mrs. A. E. Mau, Mar. 7, 1918 to Dec. 
18, 1918. 

Vice Chairman, Mrs. Martin George, Mar. 7, 1918, 
to Dec. 18, 1918. 

Secretary, Mrs. Knute Helvig, Mar. 7, 1918, to 
Dec. 18, 1918. 

Treasurer. Martin George, Mar. 16, 1918, to Dec. 
18, 1918. 

This branch consisted of 265 members and 50 
workers, who completed 123 pairs of socks, 35 
sweaters, 9 pairs of wristlets, 6 scarfs, and 10 wash 
cloths. 

No material was handed out or bought after Sep- 
tember 20, 1918, on account of influenza epidemic. 



On December 18, 1918, a meeting was held at Wa- 
verly church parlors to reorganize and the following 
officers chosen: 

Chairman. Mrs. A. E. Mau. 

Vice Chairman, Mrs. Chris Christensen. 

Secretar}-, Mrs. H. I. Oanes. 

Treasurer, Mrs. Knute Helvig. 

Those above mentioned are ladies of high stand- 
ing whose deep sense of gratitude and patriotic de- 
sire for democracy had a great deal to do with fur- 
thering the cause of the Red Cross in this locality. 

On account of the epidemic still ravaging the 
country, the Red Cross workers were unable to per- 
form much work. 

The only work completed was work for the bene- 
fit of the refugees. 

The members took a very active part in the "Old 
Clothes Drive" and the two Red Cross drives from 
which $410.50 was received. 

Before the organization of the branch several 
large sums of money were raised and donated to 
other branches for the benefit of the Red Cross by 
the Waverly people. 

Mrs. H. I. Oanes, Secretary. 
Carrie Mau, 
Mrs. Cecil Cole, 
Eunice Oanes, 

History Committee. 

Mrs. Aug. E. Mau, Cliairman. 

Clothing for Belgian Relief. 

An important function carried out by the Red 
Cross, additional to its regular objects, was the col- 
lection and forwarding to the Commission for Relief 
in Belgium of a great quantity of clothing. 

For this special work Mrs. Alfred Home of Fair- 
mont was appointed chairman. She made a notable 
success of the undertaking, the shipment from Mar- 
tin county being one of the largest in the state. 
She was most ably assisted by Red Cross workers 
not only of the Fairmont Brancli but at several 
points throughout the county. Cedar, Sherburn, 
Granada and Triumph-Monterey branches made large 
contributions. Boy Scouts gave much valuable as- 
sistance in collecting the clothing. 

The garments and other articles collected were all 
thoroughly renovated and repaired and when shipped 
were carefully assorted, being ready for immediate 
distribution and use upon arrival in Belgium. This 
required an enormous amount of work, all of which 
was willingly contributed by the Red Cross workers. 
A great many of the articles were bran new, being 
contributions from merchants and others. 

The county's shipment of thirty large boxes left 
Fairmont October 3, 1918. They went direct to 
Newark, N. J., where they became a part of the 
cargo of a relief ship that brought its supplies to the 
destitute of Belgium in time for use during the win- 
ter of 1918-19. 

The shipment included great numbers of infants' 
clothing, warm winter coats for men, women and 
children, dresses, underclothing, suits of men's and 
boys' clothing, quilts, shawls, sweaters, shoes, mit- 
tens, in fact every conceivable article of wearin.g ap- 
parel. , 



55 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Welfare Work 



Young Men's Christian Association and 
Knights of Columbus. 
These two great welfare organizations, whose 
work was so familiar to the service men, not only 
in the home camps, embarkation points and in tran- 
sit, but extending almost or quite to the front line 
trenches, were early recognized and given liberal 
support in Martin county. 




County Chairman of Y 
Couiity. 



DE l-'OKK]iST WARD 

M. C. A. Life long resident of Martin 



In November, I'JIT, the county was asked for 
$9,300 in cash for Y. M. C. A. war purposes. Organ- 
ization for a systematic drive was at once be.gun. 
DeForrest Ward was named as county chairman and 
gave unstintingly of his time and effort in the work. 
He had as his assistants on the county executive 
committee, J. F. Haeckel, Secretary, A. R. Fancher, 
G. H. Luedtke. D. S. Wade, E. H. Fitz. Frank A. 
Day, Alex. Grant, H. E. Wolfe, and O. F. Meyer. 

One of the first steps was a county-wide meeting 
in whicli all details of the drive for funds was deter- 
mined upon and the organization extended to every 
community. This meeting was lield Nov. 13, 1917. 
A chairman was named for each precinct and em- 
powered to select his own committee and solicitors. 
Volunteers everywhere soon supplied the required 
personnel. Results were so promising and enthu- 
siasm so great at this meeting that it was deter- 
mined to do more than was asked of the county. 
The chairmen and committees were again summoned 
to meet on the 20th. Hundreds of ardent friends 
of the drive also attended and it was decided that 
the mark for the county should be raised to $15,000. 
Half of this amount was subscribed at the meeting. 

Each subdivision of the county was asked to con- 
trilnite a certain sum. Fairmont's quota was the 
highest, $3,350. Sherburn, the second largest com- 
munity, was pledged for $800 and each of the other 
villages and townships sums varying from $350 to 
$500. 

In connection with the drive meetings were held in 
almost every neighborhood and school district. Then 



the solicitors went out. In no other drive was the 
response more generous. Fathers, mothers and 
friends of the men in service or to be called, fully 
appreciated the work the Y. M. C. .■\. proposed to 
do with the money they were asked to give and re- 
sponded witJi liberality. Instead of the $9,200 which 
the county was asked to raise nearly $19,000 was 
collected and forwarded. 




JOH.X M. WOLF 

Born at St. Cloud, Minn., 



County Chairman Knight of Columbus 
Nov. 21, 1 886. 



Tlie Kniglits of Columbus, so conspicuous in war 
welfare work, took up the matter of raising a sub- 
stantia! fund in this county in January, 1918. The 
personnel of the order was sinall and the percent- 
age of population whose religious belief especially 
interested them in this or.ganization was low. It 
was found, however, that non-Catholics as well as 
Catholics stood ready to loosen their purse strings 
for the splendid war work of "Casey." 

The drive for K. C. funds was fostered and or.gan- 
ized by the only lodge of the order in the county, 
which was located at Fairmont. John M. Wolf was 
the official county head of the Knights and with 
carefully chosen assistants he staged a drive for 
$6,000. The amount was quickly and quietly raised. 

As the war progressed it was seen that the work 
of the various welfare organizations in the camps 
and with the troops was best carried on if properly 
co-ordinated. The war department had officially 
recognized several societies and relied on them as 
important agents in maintaining the morale of the 
men. They were also under military control though 
practically free to operate, each under its own defi- 
nite plan. These organizations were the Young 
Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Chris- 
tian Association, Knights of Columbus, Jewish Wel- 
fare Board, War Camp Community Service, Amer- 
ican Library Association and Salvation Army. All 
of these had been supported by popular donations 
early in the war. 

Systematic giving was one of the .great lessons of 
the war. Therefore when vast additional funds were 



56 



needed for welfare work a plan was evolved and ap- 
proved by the government under which donations 
for welfare work would be collected in a single 
drive, the funds arising therefrom to be distributed 
pro rata among the seven recognized welfare agen- 
cies. This United Welfare Drive was one of the 
last efforts of the war period. 

A definite system of allotments and assessments 
assigned to each state, county, city, township and in- 
dividual the amount expected to be given. Martin 
county's quota was $.54,000. 

The drive, originally scheduled for October, ]01S, 
did not get under way until mid-Xovember. The 
county Avas paralyzed by the great influenza epi- 
demic which for several weeks tied up all activities, 
even preventing the departure of troop increments 
under the draft. On Nov. 8 the first steps for the 
forthcoming drive were taken by DeForrest Ward, 
county chairman of United War Work. By coin- 
cidence Nov. 11 was set as the day on which the 
drive would begin. On tliat day came the armistice 
and the people forgot all else but victory celebra- 
tions, which continued several days. It was diffi- 
cult to overcome the reaction that came with the 
cessation of hostilities. Tlie people instinctively 
felt that the war was over and little realized that 
many months must elapse before the more than four 
million men tlien in the field could be returned to 
their homes. 

Chairman Ward and other leaders fell ill with the 
prevailing epidemic and it was late in November be- 
fore the drive got well under way. It was some 



weeks later before the announcement was given out 
that Martin county's quota had been raised. Most 
of tlie precincts exceeded their allotments. 

In addition to providing funds for war welfare 
work the county sent into the field four Y. M. C. A. 
secretaries, H. E. Wolfe, C. J. Timms, Ralph Rich- 
ardson and Geo. H. Potter. 

■VToung Women's Christian Association. 

Martin county did all and more than was asked 
or required of it in supporting the work of the Y. 
W. C. A., which was carried on ^50 extensively in 
connection with the numerous camps and canton- 
ments where naturally many women visitors were 
found. The maintaining of hostess houses where 
such visitors could be properly accommodated was 
a major function of this organization. 

In December, 11)17, Mrs. J. E. Haycraft of Fair- 
mont was designated county chairman of the Y. W. 
C. A. She named as her assistants the following: 
Rev. Geo. Williams, Ceylon; Rev. Westhaver, Wel- 
come; Mrs. G. M. Seaburg, Truman; Mrs. R. W. 
Nelson, East Chain; Mrs. B. A. Burton, Granada; 
Airs. J. H. Sprague, Northrop. 

The county was asked to raise $500 in a drive in 
December, 1917. Previous to the drive Mrs. Peter 
Oleson of Cloquet, Minn., conducted a county mass 
meeting to explain and organize tlie work. So suc- 
cessful was this drive that final tabulation showed 
more than double the amount asked had been cheer- 
fully donated. 



CHAPTER IX. 

America First Association 



The America First Association was a war activity 
peculiar to the state of Minnesota and recognized 
by the State Public Safety Commission as a part of 
the War Board machinery of the several counties. 
Its primary object was to take up the work of 
Americanization, which the war taught us was a na- 
tional essential, never before adequately recognized. 
A secondary aim was to infuse into all of the war 
measures a spirit of patriotic service and to teach, 
preach and practice loyalty and 100 per cent Amer- 
icanism in every possible way. 

The initial ".America First" move was in the na- 
ture of a great county gathering at the county 
seat on Nov. 10, 1917. Every nook and corner of 
the county was represented, nearly 1,000 splendid 
Americans, many of them of European birth, being 
present. The speaker was Hon. Frank M. Nye, 
former Congressman, of Minneapolis. The address 
was one of the best oratorical efforts of the war by 
one of the state's most distinguislied speakers and 
stirred the assemblage to a splendid pitch of i>atri- 
otism. 

Delegates were chosen to attend a great state- 
wide meeting of similar character at Alinneapolis and 
St. Paul on Nov. 16th and 17th. Seventy dele.gates, 
accompanied by the Sherburn band, attended the 
state meeting. Every precinct in the county was rep- 
resented. 1:2,000 loyal Minnesotans, coming from 
every county, attended this great patriotic gathering. 
Inspiring addresses were made by Otto H. Kahn, 
born in Germany and head of one of the greatest 
financial houses of New York City; T. P. O'Coi.ner, 
famous Irish nationalist, statesman and writer; and 
several others of national and international fame. 
Martin county's delegation returned with greater 



zeal for Americanization work at home. Further en- 
thusiasm was created on Nov. :2.ith when Gov. Burn- 
quist and Judge C. B. Elliott addressed another mon- 
ster loyalty meeting in Fairmont at which the Gov- 
ernor declared that "Citizens of foreign birth should 




JULIU.S i:. HAYCR.M'T 
Chairman America First and Four Minute Speaker. liorn Blue 
Earth County, Minn., Aug. 2b, iS-i. 



57 



support the United States or lose their citizenship 
and the property they have acquired here." 

Active steps toward the organization of the Mar- 
tin County America First Association were first 
taken on Dec. 3, 1917, when Hon. J. E. Haycraft, 
who had been designated county chairman, issued a 
call for a county conference two days later and with- 
in the week meetings had been held in every town- 
ship and village. On the 8th a country-wide mem- 
bership drive was announced to take place Dec. 13 
to 21. Previous to those dates a flying squadron of 
twenty public speakers conducted a series of public 
meetings throughout the county. The speakers in- 
cluded Marion L. Burton, President of the Univer- 
sity of Minnesota; Capt. Henry R. Sanborn, returned 
Canadian war hero; Senator H. A. Benson of St. 
Peter; Senator C. W. Gillam, of Windom; Senator 
John. Moonan of Waseca; Henry C. Carlson, Albert 
Lea; local speakers were Alfred Torngren. J. E. Hay- 
craft, G. A. Sutherland, Frank A. Day, Leo J. Sei- 
fert, Albert R. Allen. E. H. Nicholas, Judge E. C. 
Dean, H. E. Wolfe, P. C. Cooper, J. W. Lovell, A. 
E. Fillmore, DeForrest Ward and Harry Sheppard. 
Everywhere the meetings were largely attended and 
memberships rolled in. As a result of the drive the 
America First Association enrolled more than 2.500 
members in Martin county. The campaign closed 
with a wonderful gathering at the county seat, ad- 
dressed by Pres. ^Marion L. Burton of the state uni- 
versity. Press comment credits this address with 
having been the greatest delivered in the county 
during the war period. 

During the winter the Association was active and 
added substantially to its membership. Everywhere 
the "America First" lapel button was seen, worn by 
men who stood four square and undivided in their 
loyalty. In the spring and summer of 1918 many 
distinguished speakers addressed great, patriotic 
gatherings. At a meeting held in Fairmont on 
April 9th, addressed by Senator F. E. Putnam of 
Blue Earth, Rev. M. K. Hartman of St. James. Coun- 
ty Attorney E. H. Nicholas of Jackson and County 
.\ttorney Albert R. Allen of Fairmont, resolutions 
were passed calling upon the governor to call the 
legislature in special session to enact laws confiscat- 
ing lands and other property and denying the rights 
and protection of citizenship to people working 
against the United States or divided in their loyalty. 
The resolutions adopted at this meeting clearly set 
forth the character of the w^ork and aims of Amer- 
ica First in supporting the war. They are as fol- 
lows: 

■■WE, THE CITIZENS OF MARTIN COUNTY, 
MINNESOA, in mass convention assembled this 
9th day of April, 1918, to consider our duties to the 
country, deliberately recite and declare: 

"That the winning of this war for liberty and de- 
mocracy requires the entire strength of the prop- 
erty-power and man-power of America; 

"That through espionage and unlawful propaganda 
the German tyrant has inaugurated, and is carry- 
ing on in America a gigantic campaign for the de- 
ception and corruption of our citizens, the success 
of Pan-Germanism, and the enslavement of the 
world; 

■■That in this exigency America only has that for- 
tunate combination of abundant material resources 
and patriotic citizenship to successfully meet and 
overpower the despot of Central Europe — the would- 
be tyrant of the world; 

"That the German tyrant's only hope of success lies 
in the deception and division of America, by the 
metliods and in the manner of his betrayal of Russia 
and his destruction of her military eflfectiveness; 

■■That America, as well as Russia, has her ultra so- 
cialists; they are as active, as ambitious, and as will- 
ing to profit by furthering the plans, teachings and 
purposes of the tyrant as the bolsheviki of Russia, 



and they hope to rule with liim over America dis- 
graced, and a world ruined; 

"That the greatest injury the German tyrant can 
do in 1918, cannot be done by his armies of armed 
men in Europe; but onl^- by his unarmed armies of 
spies, and our unworthy army of traitors, now la- 
boring to honeycomb America with sedition and 
treason; 

■■That the military compaigns of the kaiser have 
been bloody but fruitless; but by intrigue and es- 
pionage he has conquered and disarmed government 
after government, including several great world-pow- 
ers. To conquer America, the tyrant depends upon 
his army of spies, and our army of dupes and crim- 
inals co-operating with them in every .\merican com- 
munitj' for the triumph of Germany's insane Kaiser. 
Should he and they succeed, our country will be 
devastated, or homes destroyed, our bodies mutilated, 
our loved ones violated, and once-free America so 
dominated, that such of her hitherto unconquerable 
sons as live to then walk the streets, will be required 
to salute a foreign officer at every corner; 

"Under these circumstances the subjugation of 
traitors at home, is of even greater immediate im- 
portance than overthrowing tyrants abroad. It is 
unjust, illogical, and a crime again-.t a world threat- 
ened with worse than annihilati n for .America to 
still protect the lives and spare the properties of 
the worst and the most dangerous of our enemies — 
the traitors within our gates; 

"That fines for disloyalty and treason are as vain 
as rosewater for leprosy and court plasters for can- 
cers; 

"That the necessities of Germany compel her to 
repeat and persist in the vain assaults of the battle 
now raging in western Europe. The necessities of 
America and her allies are to speed and redouble 
everv preparation for immediate and continuous 
battle. IT IS URGENTLY NECESSARY THAT 
LAWS BE IMMEDIATELY ENACTED AND 
FEARLESSLY ENFORCED FOR THE CON- 
FISCATION OF THE PROPERTY OF DIS- 
LOYAL PERSONS IN OUR MIDST. THE PRO- 
CEEDS FROM WHICH SHOULD CONSTITUTE 
A WAR FUND IN EACH COUNTY FOR THE 
SUPPORT OF OUR GOVERNMENT AND HER 
ARiMIES, AND THE RELIEF OF THE SUF- 
FERING INCIDENT TO WAR; 

"IT IS THEREFORE RESOLVED, That J. A. A. 
Burnquist, Governor of Minnesota, be. and is hereby 
requested to forthwith convene the le.gislature of this 
state in extraordinary session; and to recommend to 
it by special message, the immediate enactment of 
laws for the confiscation of the propert}' of all dis- 
loyal persons whomsoever found within the confines 
of this state, the proceeds to be put into a War Fund, 
to be used in strengthening the hands and credit of 
our country in prosecuting this war for the liberties 
of the world." 

During the period of hostilities America First kept 
up a consistent speaking campaign for .Americaniza- 
tion. Many distinguished men were brought to the 
county by the Association. F. Osten-Sacken, for- 
mer German nobleman, was one of these. This 
speaker voiced the most terrific e.xcoriation of Kai- 
serism heard from any public platform in the county. 

Many members of the Martin County .Association 
were themselves talented speakers and served as 
such wherever called in the state. Wlienever men 
were wanted for any loyalty work, to act as solic- 
itors in drives for funds, to curb disloyalty, to do 
any or all of the many things the war situation re- 
quired as a patriotic service, it was only necessary 
to turn to the membership roster of America First 
and select whatever men were necessary. The .Asso- 
ciation placed in service more than 2,000 splendidly 
.American citizens of the county. Recognized by the 
Public Safety Commission the officers of .America 
First were made members of the County Safety .As- 



58 



sociation and the various precinct chairmen members 
of the War Board. 

It is not contemplated that the work of America 
First shall terminate with the war period. Its work 
is as necessary and valuable in peace as in war and 
may well continue until that Utopian day when 
America shall be no longer, as President Roosevelt 
said, "a polyglot boarding house," but in real fact 
a united nation with one flag and one language su- 
preme for all. 



America First performed a distinctive and direct 
service for the men under arms by purchasing and 
distributing what were known as "Smileage Books." 
These were little books of coupons, costing one 
dollar each, the coupon tickets admitting the bearer 
to places of entertainment maintained as "Liberty 
Theaters" or under other names in the various 
camps. Martin county America First bought and 
distributed hundreds of these books to Martin 
county soldiers in scores of camps. 



CHAPTER X. 

Food Conservation and Production 



Martin County Food Administration. 

No condition came closer home to all the people 
during the war period than the food administration. 
Every home and every individual was effected. 
Though there was in the United States abundance 
of food to supply our own army and civil popula- 
tion the country fully appreciated its obligation to 
share with the less fortunate people of our allied 
countries where production had been greatly reduced 
by years of war. It was also realized tliat through 
the withdrawal of millions of our own productive 
workers in the military and naval service and war 
industries production of food in tlie United States, 
especially in the event of a prolonged war, would 
be much diminished. 

The splendid support given the war and the gov- 
ernment by the people of the Unted States was not 
more decisively shown in any other way than in 
the almost universally cheerful and willing compli- 
ance that followed the several drastic requests and 
orders regulating the food supply. 

C. J. Timms, county superintendent of schools, 
was in charge of food administration in Martin coun- 
ty from early in 1917 until he entered service as a 
Y. M. C. A. secretary in June, 1918. He was then 
succeeded by Rev. S. H. McCarthy, pastor of the 
Congregational church in Fairmont. Mr. McCarthy 
resigned on account of entering war work as a 
morale officer at an army cantonment and on Aug. 
17, 1918, Arza R. Fancher, judge of probate, be- 
came administrator, and acted as such until the end 
of the war. 

The first endeavors at food conservation, in the 
early months of the war, were in the nature of edu- 
cational propaganda carried on through newspaper 
articles, the public schools, women's organizations 
and similar agencies. In October, 1917, the work 
took on more definite form. Mr. Timms, and his 
assistant, H. E. Wolfe, superintendent of the Fair- 
mont schools, attended a state-wide conference at 
St. Paul, at which uniform procedure throughout the 
state was determined upon. Regulations at that 
time consisted of governmental requests, rather than 
definite orders, which followed soon after. The 
campaign was directed toward the conservation of 
four great food essentials, wheat flour, meat, fats, 
and sugar. Cafes and restaurants were asked to re- 
strict their menus and in those places as well as in 
the homes "meatless Tuesday" and "wheatless 
Wednesday" were observed beginning in October, 
1917, the restrictions of diet and the employment of 
substitute dishes becoming more drastic as time 
passed. 

In November, 1917, a general campaign was under- 
taken using the public schools as the principal me- 
dium of educating the people to the necessity of the 
movement. The 200 school teachers of the county 



gave splendid service in this connection. There was 
in fact instant co-operation and compliance by near- 
ly all. As an earnest of their readiness to assist, the 
Catholic women of this and surrounding counties 
were assembled at the county seat in a great meet- 
ing on Nov. 25th. Able speakers, including the head 
of the diocese. Bishop Heffron, Father E. J. O'Con- 
nell and others, delivered addresses. iMinisters of all 
churches devoted services to the movement and 
newspapers gave much space to promulgation of the 
doctrine that "food will win the war." 

In a county-wide drive during the week of Nov. 
12, 1917, food pledges were distributed in every 
home, usually tlirough the efforts of women work- 
ers, signed up as cheerful performance of a national 
duty, and generally conscientiously lived up to. 
Every home that had signed a food pledge displayed 
a window card bearing testimony that they were in 
the food saving campaign. The ofticial pledge was 
as follows: 

"I am glad to join in the service of food conserv- 
ation and I hereby accept membership in the United 
States Food Administration, pledging myself to carry 
out the suggestions and advice of the Food .\dmin- 
istration in my home as far as my circumstances 
will permit." 




ARZA K. FANCHER 

Martin County Food Administrator. Judge of Probate and 
life long resident of IVIartin County. 



59 



Menus and recipes showing the proper preparation 
of appetizing dishes without the use of the ingre- 
dients it was especially desired to conserve were pub- 
lished and distributed and generally used. 

In December, 1917, regulations, arbitrary in char- 
acter, were promulgated, restricting still further the 
use of flour and sugar. Retailers were limited in 
their sales to not exceed one-fourth of a barrel of 
flour and ten pounds of sugar to each customer at 
reasonable periods. Profits were also limited. A 
couple of months later sugar was still further lim- 
ited to three pounds per person per month and flour 
could only be purchased in connection with an es- 
tablished amount of substitutes, such as barley flour, 
rice and other cereals. 

Retail dealers co-operated splendidly in enforcing 
food regulations and making every effort to prevent 
hoarding by unscrupulous and selfish individuals. 
Dealers, after hearing a special address on the sub- 
ject, formed an association including every town in 
the county. A "fair price list" for staple foods was 
published weekly, the members of the dealers' as- 
sociation conforming thereto. This list showed the 
cost to the dealer as well as the price at which the 
merchandise was sold to the consumer. 




P.AUL .\. JOH.NSD.V 

Agricultural Agent Martin County. Rendered most important 
work in Food Production and Conservation. 

Speakers, many of them men and women of great 
prominence, were brought to the county to speak on 
this subject at various centers. A very notable ad- 
dress was that of Edward F. Trefz, who was returned 
from France and able to give at first hand reliable 
accounts of the very great need for supplying our 
allies with food if they were to hold on until America 
was ready to give the final "punch" that would win 
the war. 

The necessity of furthering the productivity of 
Martin county farms was at once discerned. In Jan- 
uary, 1918, the county commissioners, acting in con- 
formity to the expressed wishes of a great number 
of the best and most pro.gressive farmers, employed 
a county agent, Paul Johnson, whose entire time 
was given to the agricultural interests. A general 
scheme of crop production for 1918 was devised and 
placed in the hands of the farmers. Wheat growing, 
which was almost abandoned, was resumed in the 
county for the crop season of 1918. There being 
little locally grown seed available several of the 



banks procured and distributed the necessary seed. 
Nearly all farmers complied with the request of the 
administration to raise some wheat, though doing so 
involved a direct loss, as Martin county land pro- 
duces other crops much more successfully than it 
does \vheat. The result was a very considerable pro- 
duction of the vital war crop. 

It was seen in the fall of 1917 that corn was a 
crop second in importance only to wheat. Corn was 
the principal field crop grown in Martin county. 
There was doubt of the quality of the seed corn 
produced in 1917 and the importance of the suc- 
ceeding crop was very great. Therefore, through 
the county agent's office and farm bureau, a move- 
ment was carried on under which each farmer gath- 
ered and stored a supply of corn for seed at least 
100 per cent in excess of his own needs. The fol- 
lowing spring this seed was carefully tested. Some 
of it failed to germinate but the seed of good qual- 
ity w-as distributed so that every farmer had an ample 
supply and the result was the largest corn crop in 
1918 ever raised in the county. 

Help on the farms was another element of great 
import if the crops were to be successfully grown 
and gathered. Hundreds of the county's most val- 
uable farm laborers were in the army in 1918. leav- 
ing a serious shortage of help. This shortage was 
met, in the main by the men and women remaining on 
the farms working longer hours, the addition of 
more labor saving machinery and the diversion to 
the farms of every possible toiler. Many farmers 
who had retired and moved to town again took up 
active work in crop production. The "work or 
fight" order resulted in many idlers going into pro- 
ductive labor. Business men and town people .gen- 
erally co-operated to the extent, in many cases, of 
themselves acting as voluntary farm helpers. A spe- 
cial committee on farm help was appointed by the 
War Board. This committee consisted of Paul John- 
son, the county agent, C. E. Jones, chairman of the 
War Board, and Major E. W. Bird. This committee, 
with many assistants, did .good work in procuring 
and distributing farm help. During the harvest sea- 
son of 1918 hundreds of city and village men, boys, 
women and girls went into the grain fields as vol- 
unteer laborers, particularly evenings after regular 
business hours. The war-time system of "daylight 
saving" left nearly four hours of daylight after the 
closing of stores and offices. Crews of town people 
went out during that part of the day and assisted 
in shocking and stacking grain. The arrangement 
usually was that the farmer paid a certain price for 
this work, the money being turned in to Red Cross 
funds. 

In the early months of 1918 a campaign was car- 
ried on among the school children, wherein pledge 
cards were signed agreeing to abstain from eating 
candy, white bread and pork during the war. The 
young people co-operated extensively in this work, 
whicii was handled chiefly through the school teach- 
ers. 

Much attention was given the subject of food con- 
servation in the work of the various farm clubs 
which existed in many neighborhoods. At their 
regular meetings food problems were discussed and 
methods of conservation decided upon. 

The Food Administration, like all other war ac- 
tivities, had splendid co-operation in this county. 
Complaints of lioarding or other unfair practices 
were few in number and unimportant in character. 
Through the daily restrictions placed upon their diet 
the people constantly appreciated the reality of the 
war situation and the very self-denial they exercised 
in this way contributed to their zeal for success and 
victory. 

Despite war conditions the year 1918 established 
a record in the production of wheat, barley, oats, 
corn and pork in Martin county. 



60 



Fuel Administration. 

In common with the country at large Martin coun- 
ty was "rationed" on fuel durin.af the war period. 

Administration of federal and state fuel re.eula- 
tions was in cliarge of Alex Grant, county adminis- 
trator. He Jiad as his assistants G. A. Sutherland 




ALKX GRANT 
Martin County Food .'\dministrator 

of Fairmont. Charles Grill of Sherhurn and John 
Gerher of Welcome. The latter moved away and 
was succeeded by Jos. Schwartz. 

Much economy of fuel was made possible in Mar- 
tin county by substituting wood for coal, espe- 
cially in tlie rural homes. Martin county had a great 
deal of timber in its many artificial groves, which 
are found on almost every farm. On the sug.gestion 
of the fuel administrator many trees were cut into 



firewood. To some extent home grown wood fuel 
was also used in the towns and villages. 

Due to wise and careful distribution there was no 
suffering in the county due to fuel shortage. Dealers 
co-operated closcl}' and while supplies were often 
perilously close to exhaustion coal was so distributed 
that no one was seriously disturbed. Under the 
close regulations established hoarding was impossi- 
ble. Soft coal was substituted for hard to a con- 
siderable extent, the supply of the latter being very 
limited and was sparingly used. 

An order of the Safety Association requiring early 
closing of pool and dance halls saved many tons. 
In Fairmont electric street lighting was reduced to 
enable the city power plant to operate with a min- 
imum fuel consumption. 

Beginning in January, liilS, "heatless Monday" 
was generally observed, especially in stores and 
places of business. Business was not seriously dis- 
turbed as the people adjusted their shopping needs 
accordingly. 

War Industries. 

But one of the industrial plants of Martin county, 
which w^ere few in number, was commandeered by 
the government for the production of war material. 
That was the plant of the Fairmont Gas Engine & 
Railway Motor Car Co. at Fairmont. 

This concern's principal output was a type of 
gasoline engine particularly adapted to propelling 
hand cars. In September, 19 17, the president of the 
company, Frank E. Wade, was summoned to Wash- 
ington and after conference with ofticials tliere, 
awarded the contract for building 415 motor cars for 
use on the narrow gauge trench railways in France, 
that were used for bringing supplies to the front 
lines where the standard railways could not operate. 

The factory at Fairmont was adapted to the new 
type of production and rapid delivery of the equip- 
ment desired was accomplished. The factory from 
time to time received further war orders and was 
kept busy on government production until the Armis- 
tice. 

A considerable numlier of artisans from tlie county 
worked in various cities during the war at ship buihl- 
ing, munitions making and kindred activities. 



61 



CHAPTER XI. 



The Return of Peace 



The Armistice. 

As early as Nov. 8, 1918, the day after premature 
news of an armistice was telegraphed throughout 
the country, to be proven false a few hours later, 
the_ first steps were taken by the America First as- 
sociation to properly celebrate the great event when 
authentic news of peace should come. Though the 
government had given out but meager details of the 
military situation at that time enough had filtered 
through to assure the public that the end of the war 
was but a matter of days. 

The premature announcement of the armistice on 
the 7th was wired to a Fairmont newspaper. The 
dispatch, which was dated at Paris, said: 

"The greatest war of all time came to an end at 
2 p. m. today. The Allies and Germans signed an 
armistice three hours earlier on the field of battle. 
The German delegation came to the Allied lines 
under a white flag. Just before the armistice was 
signed the Americans captured Sedan." 

In a few moments the entire county seemed to 
have learned of the sensational report and assem- 
blages began to congregate everywhere to celebrate 
the great event. The wildest excitement reigned for 
a short time. Then it was learned that the report 
was a hoa.x. The fighting continued four days longer 
with the loss of many additional precious American 
lives. 

However, so certain was the conviction that peace 
was at hand, that in Fairmont on Nov. 8th commit- 
tees were appointed for the great victory celebra- 
tion which all knew by intuition could not be long 
deferred. The committees were composed of the 
leadmg loyalty workers of the war and assigned du- 
ties under the headings of parade, finance, publicity, 
decorations, bonfires, wliistles and church bells, mu- 
sic and torches. Everything was set and ready when 
the big news should be flashed over the wires. 

It was early in the morning of Monday, Nov. 11, 
1918, that the official and unquestioned announce- 
ment that the armistice was actually signed was re- 
ceived at the county seat from the Associated Press. 
This time the report was unquestioned. While the 
actual signing was 11 A. M. the difference in time 
between Paris and Washington explains the earlier 
hour at which tlie great tidings were known to the 
people of Martin County. The terms of the armis- 
tice were published in the daily press of the county 
in full on the day of signing. 

At 8 A. M. every bell rang and every whistle blew 
in Fairmont. Business was forgotten. Men, wom- 
en and children gave tliemselves over unreservedly 
to wild rejoicing. An impromptu parade wore it- 
self to exhaustion traversing the streets with shouts 
and song. This demonstration was the informal 
outburst tliat overwhelmed every one as soon as the 
news reached them. There was no attempt or sem- 
blance of formality. The mad scene is well vis- 
ualized in the newspaper account published in the 
evening newspaper published at the county seat on 
that date. This sententious account was written 
piecemeal at odd moments during the day by the 
county's veteran editor, the father of two sons at 
that moment in France and to whom the armistice 
meant release from the hell of battle. It follows: 

"It was the greatest day in Fairmont's history! 

"It was the greatest day in the history of the 
county! 

"It was the greatest day in the history of the 
world! 

"Old Fairmont went wild. 

"The lid was ofif. 



"Hell was to pay and no pitch hot. 

"The whistles and bells started promptly at eight 
o'clock. 

"Crowds appeared in the streets as though shot 
out of cannon. 

"People began to holler, autos shrieked with elec- 
tric enthusiasm, 

"All of a sudden a bunch of biythesome girls, 
carrying flags, appeared and started marching down 
North Avenue. 

"Who wouldn't follow such a lead? 

"Men, women and children of all ages and condi- 
tions appeared as if by magic. 

"Everything conceivable that would make a noise 
was brought into use. 

"Red-blooded Americanism was in its glory. 

"The fire company got out the old grays, loaded 
the city alarm bell on a truck and fairly melted the 
clapper. 

"Autos dra.gging cans, tubs, boilers and various 
utensils got into the game carrying flags and ban- 
ners. 

"At street intersections the crowd, led by the 
band, would stop and sing patriotic airs. 

"The old Kaiser was carried in effigy in a plain 
box and the madding throng spat on the remains. 

"The great throng marched and counter marched 
for three hours when they gathered at First Street 
and North Avenue and in mighty chorus sang 'Star 
Spangled Banner.' 

"Then they stopped from sheer exhaustion. 

"As a spontaneous exhibition of enthusiasm it 
was a Iiowling patriotic success." 

Following the morning demonstration the day was 
given over to preparation for the evening events. 
People by thousands arrived hourly from every part 
of the county. There was little abatement of the 
wild joy that marked the morning outburst. The 
pre-appointed committees hastily arranged for the 
evening's procedure. 

At 7 o'clock in the evening the formal demon- 
stration began in impressive manner. Assembly was 
on the spacious court house grounds. For the first 
moment of the noisy day silence prevailed. With 
bowed heads the multitude joined in impressive 
prayers of thanksgiving. 

The events of the evening were staged at the 
grounds of the agricultural society. Everybody 
joined the monster parade which before proceeding 
to the fair grounds marched through the principal 
streets of the city. At the head rode Major W. R. 
Boyce of the National Guard and Major W. S. 
Carver of the Motor Corps, each with their staffs. 
So far as order could be maintained in the wild 
enthusiasm which prevailed, the forces lined up as 
follows behind them: Colors and color guard. Grand 
Army of the Republic, mothers and wives of sol- 
diers', torches and transparencies, bands. Camp Fire 
girls. Home Guard company. Motor Corps battalion, 
interspersed with transparencies, Fairmont fire com- 
pany, citizens in autos and on foot. 
■ Three hundred kerosene torches, relics of the 
presidential campaigns of the 80's, were procured and 
lent their glare to the general jollification. Shouts, 
cheers, band music, auto horns and noises of every 
description created bedlam as the column moved. 
Illuminated transparencies in great numbers were 
carried by the marchers. Some of the legends they 
carried were: 

"Freedom for All Forever." 

"Keep the Home Huns Squirming." 

"America, the World Liberator." 

"We Love Peace With All Our Might, 



62 



Yet We're Not Too Proud to Fight." 

"Without the Red Cross it Could Not Have Been 
Done." 

"Kaiser Bill Started it But Uncle Sam Finished 
It." 

"There's Glory Enough for All." 

"Deutschland Uber AUes? Nein: Allies Uber 
Deutschland." 

"Not in Vain the Sacrifice of Our Immortal Sis- 
ter. Edith Cavell." 

"Peace, but Not Pacifism." 

"Who Said It Couldn't Be Done?" 

"Your Dollars Helped." 

"America Asks Universal Liberty." 

"The Beasts Are Beaten." 

"To Hell With the Huns." 

"Remember the Huns at Home." 

"Do Home Huns Still Choose Germany?" 

"We Are Proud That Our Boys Helped." 

"At Last, Germany Will Get Justice." 

"We Want tlie Murderers of Editli Cavell." 

"Kaiser Bill Got no 'Nonsense' from Us." 

"Notice of Dissolution: The Firm of 'Me Und 
Gott' is Dissolved." 

"America Has Done Much: Our Heroic Allies 
Have Done a Hundred Times More." 

"America Has Saved the Day." 

"Prepare for Peace." 

No accurate count could be made hut it is believed 
that more than 7.000 people took part in the Fair- 
mont victory celebration. This is more than a third 
of the county's population. They came from every 
point, particularly the members of the War Board, 
who were in line almost 100 per cent strong. 

Arriving at the fair grounds two mammoth bon- 
fires gave brilliant and fantastic illumination. The 
bands played and the crowd sang patriotic songs. 
An etifigy of the Kaiser labelled. "May He Rest in 
Hell," was committed to the Hames as the crowd 
shouted and jeered. The Home Guard company 
formed in Indian War Dance fashion, circled the 
fire, and shouted imprecations at the late Kaiser. 

There was no pubhc speaking; it was impossible. 
Every man, woman and child was there to exercise 
individual lung power, not to listen to addresses. 
As fatigue conquered the exhausted revellers they 
departed, singly and in little groups but many re- 
mained until after midnight. Though mid-November, 
the weather was fine and mild, lending just the 
right conditions for such a celebration. The event 
will live forever in the memories of all who saw 
or participated. 

Similar celebrations, on a smaller scale, were held 
in every village and hamlet on armistice night and 
throughout the week following. Sherburn's demon- 
stration was on the 14th. The program was similar 
to that above described and the attendance large. 
Hundreds came from Fairmont, the night being beau- 
tiful and mild and auto travel pleasant. At this cel- 
ebration there was considerable public speaking, in- 
formal in character, but vociferously received. 

For a week exultation over the victory and the 
war's end deterred all other activities. Gradually the 
excitement and rejoicing subsided and people re- 
sumed a normal state, setting tliemselves to adjust- 
ing the job of finishing up war activities and waiting 
"until the boj's come home." 

The Homecoming. 

In the popular mind the war ceased with the sign- 
ing of the armistice, Nov. 11, 1918, and both sol- 
diers and home folks from that time forward had 
one supreme thought — the homecoming. 

The cessation of hostilities saw Martin county 
men scattered over a score of countries and on the 
seven seas, as well as in every camp and military 
post in the United States. Considerably more than 
one-half of those who were in the army were with 



the American Expeditionary forces in France. Some 
were in training camps in England. ,\ few were 
in Italy. There were contingents in Siberia and 
Panama. The cosmopolitan marines from this coun- 
ty were represented in Haiti and China as well as 
in the fighting forces in Europe. Our boys in the 
navy could be found in nearly every open port of the 
world. 

"The war is over, now our boys will soon be home," 
thought all the home folk. "When do we start for 
home?" was the eternal question with every soldier 
and sailor. Keen disappointment was due in every 
quarter over the expectation of the immediate return 
of all our men. Both in the army and out people 
lost sight of the enormous tasks incident to de- 
mobilization — quite as great as those required to as- 
semble our forces in the first instance. Weeks aiid 
months rolled by before the men began to return in 
any considerable numbers. 

A scattering few men were discharged in the mil- 
itary camps of the United States and reached home 
in the month that saw the end of hostilities. The 
first authority for commanding officers to discharge 
men through the ending of the war came on Nov. l.">, 

1918. On that date telegraphic authority for such 
discharges was communicated to every camp in the 
LTnited States. It required much time to close up 
the records of the men, account for and turn in 
property and do the thousand and one things that 
had to be learned by experience. No thought had 
been given to the problem of how we were to get 
rid of our army once we were through with it. 
Ofticers were wholly inexperienced in that kind of 
work and during the first few weeks of the demobil- 
ization progress was slow. The welcome authority 
for discharge which came on Nov. 1.5 was meagre 
as to the process of discharge but in scattered and 
individual cases, often with many blunders and mis- 
takes, a few men were released during that montli. 
More light was given discharging officers in a cir- 
cular letter from the .\djutant General of the Army 
on Nov. 30. This gave ciuite full directions for pro- 
cedure and thenceforth discharges were more rapid. 

Probably all the service men on duty for the 
emergency within the United States expected to be 
home for'Christmas but most of them were disap- 
pointed. Good progress was made in releasing men 
in the home camps during December but the first 
of the New Year saw more than half of those in 
the camps still waiting for discharge. In January, 

1919, the first of the men from overseas came home 
and by the end of that month most of those in the 
U. S. camps had been discharged. From this time 
forward the boys came back in increasing numbers. 
Tlie maximum was reached in June and July, 1919, 
which was eight months after the fighting ceased. 
From that time there was a rapid reduction and by 
September, 1919, practically all had returned, though 
there have been scattering individual discharges every 
month since. At the time this is written (July, 
1920) there are a few Martin county men still in 
service. 

Men in overseas organizations were usually re- 
turned with their outfits. On debarking the com- 
mands were broken up into detachments and sent 
to the demobilization camps nearest their homes 
for discharge. Most of the Martin county men were 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, and Camp Grant, 
111. Men in the remote camps within the United 
States were handled in the same way. Usually re- 
turned overseas men were at home within ten days 
from the landing of the transport. Once under way 
discharges were accomplished very rapidly. 

As the men returned over so long a period and 
almost always one by one their arrival could not be 
welcomed in one splendid demonstration as they de- 
trained at the home stations. LTpon their actual re- 
turn they were usually welcomed at the station by 
groups of relatives and friends though in many in- 



63 



stances the men. for reasons of their own, gave no 
notice in advance of their return and just walked in 
unexpectedly on the home folks. For the reasons 
here given it was inevitable that the formal home- 
coming celebrations be deferred for long months. 
This was regrettable as it took ofif the fine ed.ge from 
the spirit of welcome and gratitude that all felt but 
detracted nothing from the honor that the public 
accords to those who played the larger part in the 
national defense. 

The first Martin county' soldier to return from 
the actual fighting front was Lt. Lvn Houghtaling. 
He reached home Oct. 18, 191S. This soldier was 
in machine gun warfare and had been almost con- 
tinuously at the front since May. 1918. He was one 
of a small number of experienced officers taken from 
the front and returned to America as instructor in 
machine gun tactics for units in training in the 
home camps. Lt. Hou.ghtaling was given a tremen- 
dous ovation h}' the people of Fairmont upon his 
return. The big .\rgonne drive was then at its 
hcisrht and war enthusiasm at fever heat. 

There were demonstrations in several towns inci- 
dent to the drive for the Victory Loan of .\pril. 
1919, in which returned soldiers played a large part. 
On these occasions they were accorded popular ac- 
claim and honors, .^t a demonstration in Fairmont 
on .April 19 two hundred returned service men in 
uniform paraded and were guests of the city. 

Homecoming celebrations were held at several 
towns in the fall of 1919. The little village of Cey- 
lon set the pace for events of this character with their 
splendid celebration on .Augrst 15th. While this 
homeconi'ng was particularly for the service men of 
Ceylon village and the adiacent townships of Lake 
Belt. Tenhassen. Manvaska and Lake Fremont the 
invitation was general to all service men of the 
county and very generally accepted by them. Cey- 
lon business men and nearby farmers raised a fund 
of over $3. .500 for free entertainment of the soldiers 
and sailors, about two hundred of whom attended 
and paraded in uniform. Everything was free to 
the service men. The housewives prepared a .great 
spread of good things to eat which was served in 
abundance to the men at both the dinner and supper 
hours. There was dancing, ball .games and other 
entertainments, all free to the men in uniform, and 
in addition a Red Cross canteen handed out free 
smokes, confectionery, cold drinks, and other re- 
freshments all day and evening. The great parade 
was followed by speaking exercises. Capt. Tvan 
Bowen. returned soldier of Mankato, deliverin.g the 
principal address. 

Granada on .A.u.g. 29th was host to the returned 
men of that vicinity. The homccomin.g was the big- 
gest public celebration ever undertaken b\' this lit- 
tle village and was most liberallv financed by the 
people of the town and surrounding country. The 
general pro.gram was similar to that given at the 
Ceylon celebration, but on not quite so large a 
scale. Here again everything was free to the men 
in uniform who were shown every honor and cour- 
tesy that patriotic hospitality could sug.gest. The 
addresses were by Fred E. Hadley of Winnebago and 
.■\rthur M. Nelson of Fairmont, the latter speak- 
ing for the service men. 

Truman was next in line with another bi.g homc- 
comin.g. Their date was Sept. 12th. and was attended 
by the fairest of Minnesota's autumnal skies. The 
village was thronged with people. Once more the 
returned men were feted, dined and honored by the 
patriotic population of the village and surrounding 
country. People from all parts of the county at- 
tended. W. H. Dempsey of New Ulm was the 
speaker. Lieut. .\. F. Hunte responded for the 
service men. The day's program concluded with a 



great banquet and out-of-doors dance, all free to 
the men who had served. 

The last of the general homecoming celebrations 
was given at the county seat on Oct. 9th. This gath- 
ering was county wide in its scope. The date was 
originally set for armistice day and arrangements 
made accordingly but the time was changed to one 
month earlier because of the out-door character of 
the exercises and the danger of inclement weather 
at the later date. The celebration was sponsored 
by Mayor E. J. Edwards and the city council, loy- 
ally backed by the citizens of Fairmont generally. 

So far as addresses could be obtained invitations 
were mailed to all service men of the county sev- 
eral days in advance. The men were asked to be the 
guests of the city and to attend in uniform. More 
than 1.000 of these invitations were sent out. With 
each invitation was enclosed a book of coupons rep- 
resenting about $6.00 in cash value. The coupons 
admitted two persons to the banquet and were also 
good in exchange for anything the men nii.ght wish 
in the way of refreshments, and received the same as 
cash by any business place in the city. 

Five hundred uniformed service men marched in 
the parade, which was a great feature. Marching 
with the men of the World War was Phil Kearney 
Post of Civil War veterans in autos. There were 
many floats, two bands and numerous other features. 
The Knights of Columbus, Red Cross, Y. M. C. A. 
and Salvation Army were featured in the parade and 
handed out refreshments to all in uniform along the 
line of march. The Salvation Army float made a 
big hit by serving the famous army doughnut from 
their mobile hut. 

Entertainment of every kind was provided all day 
and evening. The great banquet was served at noon 
in the Fairmont armory. For this spread there had 
been prepared 291 roast chickens, ."iOO pies, 13 bush- 
els of potatoes, 150 gallons of coffee, and other eat- 
ables in like proportion. Nearly 1,000 service men 
and their ladies were fed and the spread repeated in 
the evening. The noon banquet was followed by a 
brief address, E. H. Nicholas, of Jackson, being the 
speaker. 

Six hundred couples enjoyed the grand ball at 
the arniony in the evenin.g. the festivities continu- 
in.g until 2 o'clock in the morning. 

Cedar township was the only rural point to extend 
a formal homccomin.g welcome to its service men. 
This township, with a most enviable war record in 
every respect, raised liberal funds and welcomed the 
heroes home in most hospitable manner at the Hoe- 
vct farm. The speakers were J. E. Ha3'craft and 
Arthur M. Nelson from Fairmont. 

There were scores of homecomin.gs of lesser scope 
by churches and lodges all over the county. These 
were limited to the members of the church or society 
who were in service. Nearly every church and lodge 
in the county had such a celebration. At the 
churches these events were semi-religious in char- 
acter while at the lod.ges and other organizations 
they were of festal nature. 

Every church and lodge of the county carried 
upon its walls all through the war period service 
fla.gs with a star for each member who was away 
with the colors. The final step in according honor 
to those who returned was the demobilizin.g of 
these service flags which was accomplished with 
appropriate ceremony, the men honored being spe- 
cial guests at the exercises. 

In such manner did the home folks of Martin 
county v»-elcome and honor the men and women 
to whom they sought to express the gratitude they 
felt to those who have given most that "the world 
might be made safe for democracy." 



64 



IN FLANDERS FIELDS. 

By Lieiit.-Col. John McCrae. 

Died in the Service January 28th, 191S, and buried 
in Flanders Fields. 

In Flanders Fields the poppies blow 
Between the crosses, row on row, 
That mark our place; and in the sky 
The larks, still bravely singing, fly 
Scarce heard amid the guns below. 

We are the dead. Short days ago 
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow. 
Loved and were loved, and now we lie 
In Flanders Fields. 

Take up our (|uarrel with the foe: 
To you from failing hands we throw 

The torch; be yours to hold it high. 

If ye break faith with us who die 
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow 
In Flanders Fields. 



IN FLANDERS FIELDS. 
(An Answer.) 

By R. W. Lillard, 

Rest ye in peace, ye Flanders dead! 
The fight that ye so bravely led 
We've taken up! .\nd we will keep 
True faith with you who lie asleep. 
With each a cross to mark his bed. 
And poppies blowing overhead 
Where once his own life blood ran red! 
So let your rest be sweet and deep 
In Flanders Fields! 

Fear not that ye have died for naught; 

The torch ye threw to us we caught! 
Ten million hands will hold it high. 
And Freedom's light shall never die! 

We've learned the lesson that ye taught 
In Flanders Fields! 



67 



GRAVES OF MARTIN COUNTY 
SOLDIERS IN FRANCE 

The picture, reading from top to bottom, shows the graves of 
Galen Jones, Hans Havn, and Carl E. Brinkman. 



AT ROMAGNE. 

(In Argonne Cemetery, ne;ir Romagne, France, 
more than twenty-two thousand American soldiers 
are buried, the cemetery being the largest military 
cemetery in France.) 

Sea of crosses cresting bright, 
Wave on wave of tender green. 
Soldiers' graves that lie between, 

With the beauty of their white, 

What a tale of war they tell — 
Love that reached across the sea, 
Men who so loved Liberty 

That for strangers' rights they fell! 

Not as slaves whose lives were sold 

For some overlord's desire, 

Not as Hessian who for hire 
Risked their all in greed for gold, 
But as thoughtful men and free 

With no goal save duty high 

Came this silent host to die 
Far from home, for Liberty. 

Let them lie in fields of France, 

Here together let them lie, 

That for ages passers-by 
Scenes of world deliverance 
May behold, from sky to sky, 

This white-crested, peaceful sea. 

And the while reminded be 
How Americans can die. 

Let them lie here where they died 
That their resting place may be 
A world shrine of Liberty 

And our land's immortal pride; 

Let them lie where they shall live 
Ever more in love and fame. 
In the land to which they came 

Passionate their all to give. 

Sea of crosses, stretching far 

O'er the hill and out of sight. 

Wave on wave with crests of white, 
What a tale they tell of war! 
What an epoch now they mark 

Of war waged for right alone! 

Let them stand, a sign in stone 
Of a world saved from the dark! 

— Lee Shipey in Kansas City Star. 



08895 



68 



Illllllllllllllllllllllllll 



m 





ANDERSON, Alfred Emil. Sergeant. Parents de- 
ceased. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 14, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Jan. 9, 1918, as 
private in Air Service. Rejected ten days later on physical 
disqualification. Again enlisted June 18. 1918, at Mankato, 
Minn., as private in engineers. Assigned to Co. C, 545th 
Engineer Training Battalion at Camp Humphreys, Va. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23, 19 18, arriving at St. Nazaire, 
France, Oct. 7, 19 18. Taken ill during voyage with influenza 
and pneumonia, and died on Oct. 8. 1918, one day after landing. 
Buried at St. Nazaire, France. Body returned and re-buried 
at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 3, 1920. 

ANDERSON, Fredolph Oscar. Private. Par- 
ents, Mr. and Mrs. F. O. Anderson, are deceased. 
Mrs. C. T. Swanson, sister, Monterey, Minn. Resident of 
Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2, 
19 1 8, and sent to Columbus Barracks, Ohio. Assigned to Co. 
E, 54th Inf., 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving at a French port 
July 17, 19 18. While sfationed at Gerardmer in the Vosges 
sector he fell ill with pneumonia and was admitted to Field 
Hospital No. 38 on Oct. 11, 1918. Died Oct. 13, 1918. Buried 
in American cemetery at Krutli, Alsace. 

ANDERSON, Gust William. Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Anderson, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, Dec. 15, 1893, ^"d resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June j6, 19 18. as 



private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 341st Inf., 86th 
Div., at Camp Grant, III. Embarked from Hoboken, N, J., 
Sept. 8, 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 22, 1918, 
and at Brest, France, a couple of days later. Upon arrival 
of the 341st Inf. at the French port a member of the enlisted 
men, Anderson among them, was rushed to the 78th Div., then 
engaged fiercely in the Meuse-Argonne. Joining his regiment 
under fire Anderson was assigned to Co. A, 312th Inf., 7Sth 
Div., and went immediately into the front lines. On Oct. 18, 
the division was engaged near Grandpre and lost heavily. An- 
derson was reported missing after that day and was no doubt 
killed in battle. Up to this time the location of his grave has 
not been determined. The Dunnell, Minn., American Legion 
Post, is named in honor of this soldier. 



BAST, Henry August. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Christ Bast, Sherbiirn, Minn. 

Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, May 10, 1890. Resided in 
Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Feb, 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N, A. Assigned to 
Co. D, 342nd Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Sept. 26, 1918. Became ill with influenza on trip from LeHavre, 
to Bordeaux, and died at LeMans, France, where he was taken 
to a hospital, Oct. 6. 19 18. Buried in France. Body returned 
to United States and re-interred in Elm Creek cemetery, Aug., 
1920. 





rill 



lllir 



69 





BRINKMAN, Carl Ernest. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry Brinkman, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Arnum, Hanover, Germany, Feb. 24, iSgj. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, 
and assigned to Co. B, 54th Pioneer Inf. Embarked from New- 
port News, Va., .^ug. 29, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
12, 1918. Died of pneumonia in France Oct. u, 1918. Buried 
in American plot, French military cemetery, at Fleury-sur-Meuse, 
France. 



BROWN, Wilber Everett. Private. Son of W. 

G. Brown, l-'airmont, !Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., June 28, 1897. Resident of Rolling 
Green Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 
18, 1918, as private in artillery, regular army. Assigned to 
Battery C, 2nd Trench Mortar Battery. Trained at Ft. Caswell, 
N. C. Embarked from Boston, ilass.. May 29, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, June 25, 1918, being stationed in England 
a short time en route. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Contracted 
pneumonia while at port of embarkation awaiting transport. Died 
at .\ngers. France. Jan. 27. 1919. Buried in France. Body 
returned and buried at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 10, 1920. 



CARLSON, Elwin Godfrey. Private. Son of 

Mr. and ilrs. .\ndre\v Carl.son, East Cliain, Minn. 
Born Feb. 24. 1S94. at East Chain, Minn. Resident of East 
Chain, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 26, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Trained at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Assigned to Co. M, 3Sist Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Hq. 
Co., I 18th Inf., 30th Div. Transferred to Co. B, ilQth Inf., 
30th Div., in France. Embarked from Jersey City, N. J., May 
10, 1918. Fought on Belgian front with 30th Div. On returning 
from the line for rest on Oct. 25. 1918, was stricken with in- 
fluenza-pneumonia. Taken to a British hospital five days later. 
Died Nov. 8, 1918. Buried in .Nmerican cemetery at Dury-les- 
Amiens, France. 



CARY, Clifford Levi. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Levi Gary. Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Zearing. Iowa, May 15, 1895. Resided at Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted .^ipril i, 1918, for mechanic m motor 
transport service. Sent to University of Cincmnati, Ohio, lor 
training. Transferred to Battery F. 7th Field .Artillery at 
Camp Jackson. S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
14 I9i'8, arriving in France about July 23, 1918. Engaged at 
St Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Killed in action at Exermont 
in' the Argonne, Oct. 8, 1918, by direct hit of high explosive. 
Buried in France. The Cary-Klusendorf post of the American. 
Legion at Welcome, Minn., is named in his honor. 







I .t < 



yi. 




^^^^•^•^ 




CATTNACH, Ora^ Fay. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Hngh Cattnach. formerly of Fairmont, 
Minn., now of Sterlingville. Alberta. 

Ora Cattnach was born in l-'airmont, June 22. 1898, and was em- 
ployed on a farm in Martin County when the war broke out. 
He went to Canada, where his parents had moved, and enlistetl at 
Edmonton, Alberta, about Dec. 1, 1916, and was assigned to the 
118th Battalion of Canadian Infantry. He trained at Edmonton, 
Alta., and in England. Transferred to loth Canadian C"avalry in 
France. Dates of embarkation and arrival abroad are unknown. 
Was in many actions. Gassed. Wliile a dispatch bearer riding 
at night without liglit he collided with a motor truck and 
sufifered severe injuries. Recovered and was assigned to the 
hospital corps. Received gvni shot wounds in chest and right 
shoulder, place and date unknown, and died therefrom Aug. 9, 
191S. 

DEITRICK, Franklin Joseph. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. J. H. l.)L-itrick. residents of Jay Twp., 
Martin Co., during the war, now of Estherville, 
Iowa. 
Born at Osceola, Iowa, July 12, 1895. Employed at Green Isle. 
Minn., when inducted at Gaylord. Minn.. Sept. 21, 1917, as 
private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned 
to Co. A, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Transferred Nov. 15, 1917 to 
Camp Pike, Arkansas, and there assigned to Co. I, 347th Inf.. 
87th Div. Taken ill with pneumonia Dec. 23, 1917 and died 
at Base Hospital, Camp Pike, Jan. 3, 191*8. Buried at Osceola, 
Iowa. 



DAHNKE, Carl Frederick. Private. Son of Mrs. 

I'redericka Dahnke. l'"airniont. Minn. 
Born at Eairmont Tw|>., Martin County, Feb. 17, 1893. Em- 
ployed at Redfield. S. D., when inducted at Gettysburg, S. D., 
June 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 352nd 
Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Died Oct. 16, 1918, in 
France of pnemi'onia. 

DONWEN, Albert Frederick. Private. Son of 

Mr. ami Airs. John Donwcn. .\lpha, Minn. 

r.iM-n Oct. 5. 1S92. at Cibery, III. Resident of Jay Twp., Martin 
County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 26, 
igi8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 
88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 129th 
Inf., ,?jrd Div., at Camp Houston, Texas. Embarked from Ho- 
boken. X. .1., May 9, 1918, arriving in France May 24, 1918. 
While engaged with his command in the Meuse-Argonne offensive, 
he was gassed on Oct. s, 1918, and sent to a hospital. On re- 
covery he was on board train to rejoin his command when he 
was killed in a railroad accident Nov. 20, 1918. His grave is 
at Pranthoy, Haute-Marne, France. Alpha, Minn., post of 
.\merican Legion is named in honor of this soldier. 








:rlll 



71 








EDMAN, Andreas Thaxter Johann. Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Otto Edman, Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Chicago. III., Sept. 27. 1896. Resident of Fox Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
22, 1918, as private in engineers. N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co. Contracted 
influenza and pneumonia en route and died at Camp Forrest, Ga., 
Nov. 2,- 1919. Buried at Triumph, Minn. 

FOSTER, Henry Watson. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Wallace Foster, Alpha, Minn. 

Born Jan. 2, 1892, at Cedaj Twp.. Martin County and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. June 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N'. A. He was sent to Camp Grant. 111., 
and assigned to Co. I, 341st Inf., 86th Div. He embarked from 
Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
Sept. 21, 1918, and in France a few days later. At St. Andre, 
near Bordeaux, on Oct. 10. a number of the enlisted men of the 
86th Div. were hurried up to the front in the Meuse-Argonne 
engagement to replace casualties incurred by other divisions. 
Foster was among these replacement troops. He reached Grand 
Pre on Oct. 14, and was at once assigned to the 312th Inf., of 
the 78th Div., which was holding the left of the American line 
and heavily engaged with severe losses. He went into action 
the night after joining his new command and was i>ractically 
continuously engaged until killed in action near Grand Pre on 
Oct. 23, 1918. He is interred in the American Argonne cemetery. 
The Triumph-Monterey American Legion post is named in his 
honor. 



FELLER, Seward Fred. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. David W. Feller of Rogers, Arkansas, 
formerly of Manyaska Twp., Martin County, 

Born April 2, 1887, at Manyaska Twp., Martin County. Resi- 
dent of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 21, 19 17, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
Dodge and transferred to Camp Cody, N. M., where he was 
assigned to Co. C. 135th Inf., 34th Div. Died of pneumonia at 
Camp Cody, X. M., Jan. 13, 1918. 



GILES, Burdette Marying. Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Giles. (Mother is now Mrs. 

A. J. Lee, Hillnian, Minn.) 
Married. Born at Kossuth County, Iowa, Aug. 29, 1893. 
Employed at Swea City, Iowa, when inducted at Algona, 
Iowa, Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. As- 
signed to Co. F, 350th Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Embarked frcm Hoboken, N. J.. Aug. 18. 1918, arriving in 
France, Sept. 5, 19 18. Engaged at Haute-Alsace front. Died 
of typhoid fever and pneumonia in France, Feb. 27, 1919- Buried 
in France. 





IJilll 



\m 



72 





GILES, Delaney Stanley. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. C. H. Giles. (Mother now Mrs. A. J, 

Lee, Hillman, Minn.) 
Born at Kossuth County, Iowa, July 5, 1895. Resident of East 
Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted* at Fairmont, Feb. 
25, 19 18, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 
351st Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Co. D, 33rd Engineers at 
Camp Devens, Mass., later in France to Battery A, 303rd Heavy 
Artillery, operating a caterpillar tractor. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., July 1 5, 1918, arriving at French port Aug. 1 5, 
19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Took sick 
from exposure in the Argonnes, contracting pneumonia with 
empyema. Died Nov. 15. 19 18. Buried at Clermont-Ferrand, 
Franc"?. 

HAMMER, Thomas Thedor. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Louis Hammer, Odin, Minn. 
Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, Oct. 30, 1893, and resident 
of that place when enlisted in Co. H, 1st Minn, Inf., (National 
Guard in federal service) at Ft. SnelHng, Minn., June 18, 1917. 
His command later became Co. H, 13 5th Inf., 34tli Div., and 
was stationed at Camp Cody, N. M. until sent overseas with 
replacement troops, embarking from Hoboken, N. J., June 29, 
1918, and arriving in France about July 25, 19 18. In France 
he was assigned to Co. G, 58th Inf., 4th Div., and supposed to 
have later been transferred to the artillery of the same division. 
Was engaged at St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne. Killed in 
action in the Argonnes. Oct. 7, 1918. Buried in American cem- 
etery at Brieulles-sur-Meuse, France. 



GRAFF, Arthur Nicholas. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Clias. Graff, Bancroft, Nebraska. 
Born at Bancroft, Neb., July 21. 1887. Resided at Truman, Minn., 
since 1890. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 1918. Sent 
to Camp Grant, 111., and from there to Camp Hancock, Ga., and 
assigned to 14th Co., 2n^ Training Group, Machine Gun Training 
Center. Contracted influenza and pneumonia and died at Camp 
Hancock, Ga., Oct. 9, 1918. Buried at Bancroft, Neb. 



HAVN, Hans Olson. Private. Son of Ole Havn, 
Otta, Norway. 

Born at Guldbrandsdalen, Norway, April 18, 1887. Came to U. S. 
in 1907 and completed naturalization in 19 17. Made his home 
with his cousin, H. C. Josten. Cedar Twp., Martin County, Minn., 
where he resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
1918, as a private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 311th 
Eng., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Left for overseas Sept. 
8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Oct. 10, 1918. Contracted 
bronchial pneumonia en route and died Oct. 11, 1918, at Bor- 
deaux, France, where he is buried. 





Ii= 



73 








HOUGHTALING, Elting Wade. Private. Son 

of ALr. and Airs. Elmore Houghtaling, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 3, 1891. Employed at Canyon 
, Ferry, Mont., when inducted at Helena, Mont., April 27, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to tamp Lewis, Wash., and 
assigned to the 163rd Depot Brigade. He was transferred to the 
Third Officers Training Camp at Camp Lewis and was training 
for a commission when taken ill with pneumonia. He died 
at the Base Hospital, Camp Lewis. Wash., June 5, 191S. Buried 
in Lakeside cemetery. Fairmont, Minn. 



JENSEN, Anton Peter. Private. 

Uorn at liuniii. iJcnmark, in 1892. Mother resides there. Resi- 
dent of Fast Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
mont. Minn.. May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent 
to Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred shortly afterwards to Camp 
Kearney, Calif., where he was assigned to Co. E, 159th Inf., 
40th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 18, 1918. On 
arriving in France was transferred to Co. I, 307th Inf., 77th 
Div. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. He was killed in action Sept. 
26, 1918, the first day of the Meuse-Argonne offensive. Buried 
in American Argonne cemetery, France. 



JENSEN, Theodore Cedor. Landsman. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Peter Jensen, Guckeen. Minn. 
Born Jan. 26, 1897. at Dews. Iowa. Resident of East Chain, 
Minn., when enlisted July 13, 1918, at Omaha, Neb., as lands- 
man for electrician, U. S. Naval Reserve. Sent to Great Lakes, 
HI., and assigned to Co. 4, 12th Training Regiment. Became ill 
with influenza, Sept. 12, 1918, developing pneumonia. Died at 
Base Hospital at Great Lakes, 111., Sept. 26, 1918. Buried at 
Swedish Mission cemetery. East Chain, Minn. 



JOHNSON, Arden Gustaf. Private. Son of G. A. 
Johnson, Chicago, III. 

Made home with his uncle, J. ^F. Smith, Fairmont, Minn. Born 
at Chicago, 111., Sept. 11, 1894. Married. Resident of East 
Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
111., and assigned to Training Co. No. 5. Died of influenza- 
pneumonia at Camp Grant, 111., Oct. 8, 1918. Buried at East 
Chain, Minn. 








nil 



hi? 



74 



liJi 




u 



^ 




JONES, Galen Henry. Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Jones, Kairniont, Minn. 
Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn.. May lo, 1898. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., 
Jan. 8, 1918, as private in the Air Service, .\ssigned to training 
detachment at Kelly Field No. 3, Texas. Later transferred to 
3rd Photo Section. Air Service. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
about Aug. 15, 1918, and arrived at Leiiavre, France, about 
Sept. I, 1 9 18. At the front in Toul sector from Sept. 15 to 
Nov. II, 19 1 8. While acting as motor cycle orderly at Neuf- 
chateau, France, he suffered a collision with a ijiotor truck on 
Dec. 1. 1918. From the injuries received he^died Dec. 2, 1919. 
Buried at Neufchateau, France. 



KLINDT, Julius Gregory. First Sergeant. Son 

of ^Ir. and Mrs. Kerdinand Klindt, Sherburn, 
Minn. 

Born at St. Paul, Minn., May 30, 1896. Resided at Fox Lake 
'I'wp., Martin County, when enlisted in the regular army some time 
in 1917. Served with various infantry regiments in the I-*hitii)- 
pines and elsewhere previous to the World War. Promoted suc- 
cessively to the grade of ist sergeant. When war broke out 
he was transferred to the national army and assigned as ist 
sergeant of Co. I, 310th Inf., 78th Div. ICmbarked from Hoboken, 
i\. J., in May. igi8. Was engaged in the St, Mihicl offensive 
and the Meuse-.Vrgonne drive from Sept. 26, 1918 until his 
death. Killed in action in the Argonnes. Nov. i, 1918. Buried 
in American Argonne cemetery. France. 



kLUSENDORF, Rudolph Theodore. Corporal. 

Son of Henry Khisendorf. Welcome. Minn. 
Born at Iroquois County, 111., Oct. 22^, 1893. Resident of Fraser 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 
21, 1917, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. I. 136th 
Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M, Transferred in France 
to Co. A, 126th Inf., 32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
June 28, 191S, arriving abroad about July 12. 1918. After par- 
ticipating in several minor engagements he was killed in battle 
in the Argonne, Oct. 5, 19 18. Buried in Argonne American 
cemetery, France. Welcome, Miini., Post American Legion, is 
named in his honor. 



LADE. Arthur. Private. Parents deceased. Her- 
man Lade, brother. Sherbnrn. Minn. 

Born at Donovan. 111., May 10. 1886. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. May 26. 19 18, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., 91st 
Div. Transferred to Co. B, 126th Inf., 32nd Div., Camp Mc- 
Arthur. Texas. Participated in all fighting of this division up 
to time of his death. Killed in action during Meuse-Argonne 
offensive, Oct. 15, 191 8. Buried in Grave No. 103, Sec. 69, 
I'll it 2. Argonne American cemetery, Romagne-sons-Montfaucon, 
( Meuse) France. 













s>» 




-filll 



ii-;= 



I'J; 





- -^^ a wi tfMBww a a a ai 



LUCUS, Ado Gilbert. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Gilbert O. Luciis, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn. Minn., Dec. 5. 1896. Employed at Wheaton, 
Minn., when inducted at that place Oct. 24. 19 18. as private in 
infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M. Contracted influenza 
en route and taken from train to hospital in dying condition. 
Died at Camp Cody. N. M., Nov. 8. 1018. Buried at Sherburn, 
Miim. 

NASSEN, Ernest George. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Fred Nassen. Ceylon, Minn. 

Born at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County. July i6, 1891, where 
he resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 341st 
Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. ]., Sept. 9, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 
1918, and in France a few days later. While the 86th Div. was 
at St. Andre, near liordeaux, on (!)ct. 10, 1918, a number of 
the enlisted men of the 341st Inf., Nassen among them, were 
sent up to the front as replacements for Divisions then heavily 
engaged at the Meuse-Argonne. Nassen reached the front at 
Grand Pre on Oct. 14. He was assigned to Co. I, 312th Inf., 
78th Div., and went into action the night of Oct. 15-16. The 
division had the left of the American line and was fiercely 
engaged, losing heavily without being able to advance. On Oct. 
23, 191S, he was severely wounded near Grand Pre. When last 
seen by comrades who knew him he was working as a stretcher 
bearer and was probably wounded while so engaged. Two days 



later, Oct. 25, 1918, he died of his wounds. He is buried in the 
American Argonne cemetery. Citizens of Ceylon and Lake Belt 
have erected a memorial to his memory in Lake Belt cemetery 
and the Ceylon Post of the American Legion is named in his 
honor. 



NELSON, Chris. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
Nels Nelson, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Clinton, Iowa, July 14, 1892. Resident of East Chain, 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
21, 1917. as priva^^ in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, but transferred in a few days to Camp Cody, N. M., and 
assigned to Co. E, 135th Inf., 34th Div. Contracted pneumonia 
and died at Camp Cody Base Hospital, Jan. 25, 19 18. Buried 
in Swedish Lutheran cemetery. East Chain, Minn. 



OLES, 

Mrs. 



Lee Raymond. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Louis Oles, Truman. Minn. 



Born at V'ernon Center, Miini., July 30, 1897. Resident of 
Truman. Minn. Enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 7. 1917, the 
day after war was declared, as private in infantry, regular army. 
Sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., thence to Ft. Douglas. Utah, 
Ft. Bliss. Texas, and Camp Pike. Ark., as private in Co. C. 43rd 
Inf. Contracted lobar pneumonia and died at Camp Pike, Ark., 
Nov. 26, 1917. Buried at Truman, Minn. Truman, Minn., Post, 
American Legion is named in his honor. 




76 





OLSON, NELS S. Private. Son of Mrs. Bertha 
(Jlson, Triumph, Minn. 

Born at Calamus, Iowa, July 9, 1S92. Kesident of Waverly 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
assigned to 351SI Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Co. A, 119th 
Inf., 30th Div.. at Camp Sevier, .S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J.. May 11, 1918, arriving at Calais, France. May 29. 1918. 
His division was assigned to immediate duty at tlie front with 
the Britisli army. Engaged at 'I'pres. Killed in action Aug. 17, 
1918. Buried in Ilegley cemetery in Belgium. 



PERSONIUS, Lester Conrad. Corporal. Son of 

Mr. ami Mrs. Chas. .\. Personius. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn., Oct. 28, 1897. 
Resident of Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County. Served on Mex- 
ican border 1916-17 as corporal in Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. (Na- 
tional Guard). Called from National Guard to federal service 
at Fairmont. Minn.. July 15, 1917. Stationed at Camp Wm. Bird. 
Fairmont. Minn. Died of disease at Fairmont, Minn.. Aug. 17. 
19 1 7, the first Martin County soldier to give Iiis life in the war. 
Buried with full military honors in Tenhassen cemetery. Martin 
County. 



OSELIUS, Hjalmer John. Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Auj^r. Osehus, Barron, Wis., formerly of 
Martin County. 

Born at Boone, Iowa, Jan. 13, 1890. Resident of Lake Fremont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted af l"airmont, May 26, 
1918. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred to Camp Kearney, 
Calif., and assigned to Co. F. i59tli Inf.. 40th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 8, 19 18, arriving abroad Aug. 21, 
1918. Was then transferred to Co. L, 307th Inf., 77th Div. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Killed in action Oct. 12, 19 18, 
while engaged in the operations for the relief of the "Lost 
Battaliori" of the 77th Div. Buried in American cemetery at 
Binarville, Manle. France. Dunnell American Legion post is 
named in honor of this soldier. 



PRENTICE, Lee Charles. Second Lieutenant. 

Son of Mrs. B. A. Carpenter, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Dec. 23, 1887. at Spring Grove, Wis. Married. Resident 
of Fairmont. Minn., when enlisted in First Officers Training 
Camp at Ft. Snelling. Minn., May 15, 1917. Commissioned 2nd 
Lieut, at Ft. SnelHng. Assigned to 313th Field Signal Bn., 
88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to the Aviation 
Section of the Signal Corps at Austin. Texas. Embarked from 
Camp Merritt. New York, March i, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, March 10. 1918. Assigned to the Bombing Section, 
i04th Squadron, Royal Flying Force (British) for long distance 
raids. Killed Aug. i. 1918. according to German official report, 
at \'igny, France. Met death on bis second raid into German 
territory. Comrades saw him land in enemy territory under 
control. Buried at St. Juvgon cemetery, 9^ miles south of 
Metz. plot 86. Fairmont Post American Legion is named in 
his honor. 






\:3 



77 



lillllllllllllllll 



llllllllllll 







READER, George Edwin. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. J. E. Reader. Truman, Minn. 
Bom at West ford Twp., Martin County, Aug. 31, i8q3, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Miini., Feb. 25. 
1918, as private in infantrv. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
assigned to Co. L. 351st Inf., 88th Div., but transfrered shortly 
to Co. A, 119th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., May 1 1, 1918, arriving at Calais, 
France, May 29, 1918. The 30th Div. was assigned to the British 
army and was heavily eneaged at Ypres, Cambria. St. Quentin 
and elsewhere. Reader was with his command in all actions 
until killed in action Oct. 17, 1918. Buried in France. Truman, 
Minn., Post, American Legion, is named in his honor. 



REIS, Fred Henry Carl. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John Reis, Truman, Minn. 

Born at Joliet, 111., July 12, 1895. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
when inducted at Garner, Iowa, Aug. 6^ 1918, as private m 
infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp McArthur, Waco, 'J exas, for 
training with infantry replacement unit. Assigned to Co. No. 10. 
On Sept. 22, 1918, he embarked fiom Hubckn, N. J., with replace- 
ment troops. On the voyage he fell ill and died of influenza, 
Oct. 5, 19 1 8. His body was buried at sea with full military 
■honors. 



REDMAN, Milton Eddie. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Fred Redman, Wells, Minn. 
Married. Born at Brush Creek Twp., Faribault County, Minn., 
July 9, 1893. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7, as private in infantry, N, A. 
Sent to Camp Cody, N. M,. and assigned to Co. H, I36ch Inf., 
34th Div. Died of disease at Camp Cody, N. M., April 25, 191S. 
Buried in Rose Hill cemetery. Wells, Minn. 



ROBINSON, Ray William. Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. John Robinson, formerly of Center 
Creek, Martin County, but moved during the war 
to Rush City, Minn. 
Born at Webster City, Iowa, May 14, 1 S96. Inducted at Cen- 
ter City, Minn., Sept. 4, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent 
to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned temporarily to sth Co., i6ist 
Depot Brigade. Had tried to enlist twice earlier in the war 
but was rejected for physical defects. Contracted influenza- 
pneumonia and died at Camp Grant, Oct. 2, 1918. Had resided 
in Martin County since 4 years of age. 




.73 



llilllllllllllillllllililllllllllllllllllllllllllilli 





RODEWALD, Bert Dick. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Airs. John Rodewald. Toluca, 111. 
Born ill Woodford County, III., March 7, 1894. Resident ot 
Center Creek Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co.- C, 343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. 
Embarked from Camp Mills, N. Y., about Sept. 15, 1918, arriving 
at Liverpool, England, Sept. 30, 1918. Died of pneumonia in 
Base Hospital No. 21, Paignton, England, Oct. 3, 1918. Gran- 
ada, Minn., Post of American Legion is named in honor of 
this soldier. 

SCHWIEGER, Arnold Fred. Private. Son of Mrs. 

Herman Schwieger. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Fraser Twp., Martin County, Feb. 20, 1896, and resided 
at Fraser Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, \. A, Sent to 
Camp Cody, N. M., ?nd assigned to Co. K, 136th inf., 34th l/ic. 
Embarked for overseas with infantry replacement troops about 
June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, about July 12, 1918. 
Was assigned to a combat division and engaged in the Meuse- 
Argonne. Killed in action Oct. 4, 191 8. Buried in France. 



SAXTON, Thomas. Corporal. Son of Mrs. B 
A. vSaxton. Slierburn, Minn. 

Born April 22, 1887, at Clay County, Iowa. Resident of Slier 
burn, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 353st Inf. 
88th. Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 119th 
Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken 
N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving abroad, May 29, 1918. Killed 
in action by shell fire Sept. 29, 1918, near Bellecourt (St. Quen 
tin) France, after being in action continuously since July 15 
1918. Buried in British Military Cemetery on the Somme 
France. Sherburn. Minn., Post, American Legion is named 
in Iionor of this soldier. 



SENGBUSCH, George H. 

and Airs. Kred Seiisbusch, 



Private. 

Monterey, 



Son of 
Minn. 



iMr. 



Born at Cook County, 111., Apr. 26, 1893. Resident of Galena 
Twp,, Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
F, 332nd Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained 
at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sent. 30, 191S. Fell 
a victim to the inflnenia epid^nic, devolopinj^ pneumonia. Died 
Oct. 15. 1918. Buried in France. 




m 



mm 






SHARESKY, William J. Private. Son of Joseph 

Sharesky, residing in Canada. 
Born in Russia in 1892. Married, 2 children. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when inducted at Ft. Snelling. Minn., March 15, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 139th 
Inf., 35th Div., at Camp Doniphan, Okla. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., in May, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Wounded in action near Exremont. Sept. 2g, 1918, 
died Oct. 2. Buried in France. 



THEOBALD, Anthony John. Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Mathias Theobald, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Buffalo Grove, 111., Jan. 17. 1894. Resident of Jay 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Head- 
quarters Co., 54 til Pioneer Inf.. at Camp Wadswortli, S. C. 
Embarked from Newport News. Va.. Aug. 29. 1918, arriving 
at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
Was with the Army of Occupation in Germany after the ar- 
mistice. Contracted pneumonia and died at Neuendorf, Ger- 
many. March 4, 1919. Body returned to U. S. and buried in 
St. Luke's cemetery. Sherburn, Minn., July, 1920. 



THIEMANN, Walter Herbert. Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Thiemann, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born July 16, 1894, at LaSalle, 111. Resident of Fairmont, Minn,, 
when enlisted at that place Feb. 24. 1918, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to 88th Div., 
for a short time. He was then transferred to Co. A, 119th Inf., 
30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving at Calais, France, May 29, 191S. 
Killed in action, after being in battle five days, on July 22, 1918. 
First Martin County soldier to die in battle. Buried in France. 



tROSKA, Edward Joseph. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Carl Ti-.:)ska. Wells. Minn. 

Born at Wells. Miini., .\ug. 11, 1899. and employed there when 
called tu federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn., July 15, 19 17. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
in France to Co. G, 9th Inf., 2nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J-. with replacement troops. June 27 , 1918, arriving at 
LeHavre. France, July 13. 1918. In action on July 18, 1918. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. He was instantly 
killed by shell fire at Beaumont, France. Nov. 7, 1918, Buried in 
France. Had two brothers in service, both of whom were 
wounded. 



'o^^- 



"%. 




\^ 




-^lll 



80 




of Mrs. Emily 



WIEBE, Harry. Private. Son 

W'iehe. widnw. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, July 12, 1896, where he resided when in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in infantry. 
N. A. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest. 
Ga. Contracted influenza and pneumonia and died at Camp For- 
rest, Ga., Nov. 12, 1918. Buried in Fairmont cemetery. 



ZOBOROSKI, Tony John. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John Zobroski. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Lamoiit, 111., Jan, 1 5, 1S95. Resident of East Chain 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
25, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
and served in the 8Sth Div. for a short time. Was then sent 
to Camp Sevier. S. C, and assigned to Co. G, 117th Inf., 30th 
Div. Emharked from Hoboken, N. J., May 11, igiS, arriving 
at Calais, France, May 29, igi8. His division served with the 
British army and was engaged at Ypres, Cambria. St. Quentin 
and elsewhere. Killed in action, probably in advance on St. 
Quentin, Oct. 8, 1918. Buried in France. 



Former Residents Died in Service 



GOLDEN, Charles. Sergeant. 

Correct name befieved to be Charles Nordeen. Born at East 
Chain, Minn,, about 1887. Married, i child, estranged 
from his family. Enlisted as a single man at Jefferson Barracks. 
Mo., April 14, 1915. Assigned to Co. C, i8th Inf., and became 
sergeant in that command, which was a part of the ist Div. and 
one of the first units to embark. He was slightly wounded in 
action on May 4, 1918, and transferred to the service of supply 
at grand headquarters of the A. E. F. Died of diphtheria in 
France, Aug. 5, 1918. Personal description identical with that 
of Chas. Nordeen, who left his family in 191 5. 



HAYNES, Daniel. Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. J. J. Haynes, for many years residents of 
Ceylon, Alartin County, Minn., now of Albert Lea, 
Minn. 
22 years of age. Entered the service July 15, 1917, with a 
National Guard regiment. Transferred to Co, H, 309th Inf., 
78th Div. Trained at Camp Cody, N. M. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., with replacement troops, June 29, 1918, arriving 
abroad about July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Severely wounded Nov. i, 1918, in attack upon ma- 
chine gun positions. Died of wounds Nov. 16, igi8, at Brizeaux, 
France. Buried in France. 



CLEMETSON, Elmer Rudolph. Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Even Clemetson, Hartland, Minn. 
Age 25. Was employed at the Fairmont National Bank, Fair- 
Mont, Minn., when called to service in his home county, June 26, 
1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to 311th Trencli 
Mortar Battery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., about Sept. 17, 1918. Taken ill 
with influenza and pneumonia, Oct. 20, and died Oct. 22, 1918. 
Buried in France. 



COX, Ernest H. First Lieutenant, Canadian army. 

Lt. Cox was killed in action May 25, 1918, while serving with 
the Canadians. With his family Lt. Cox spent the summers ot 
1915 and 1916 in Fairmont as superintenent of paving construc- 
tion. He returned to his home in Winnipeg to enlist. 



MAINE, Howrard. Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Spencer Maine, Winnebago, formerly of 
Nashville Twp., Martin Connty. 

Killed in action by a machine gun bullet through the heart at 
5:30 A. M. July 19, 1918, as he stepped out of his trench to 
go over the top. He was an automatic rifleman. 



81 



ABEL, Charles C. (1) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Abel, Fairmont, 'Minn. 
Born June i. 1890. at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County. Minn. 
Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. L 351st Inf.. 88th Oiv., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. 
Transferred to Co. D 33rd Eng. (Railway) and later to Co. 
F 103rd Eng., 28th Div.. in France. Embarked from Hoboken. 
N. J., Aug. 22, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Sent. 14. 1918. 
Engaged in Meuse-Argonne offensive and Thieaucourt sector 7 
■weeks. Returned to U. S. May 7, 19191 and discharged May 21, 
1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



Caswell, N. C- Embarked from Boston, Mass., May 29, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre, France, June 25, 19 18. Engaged at St. 
Mihiel. Returned to U. S. April 20, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, May 7, 19 19. 



ALLEN, William Wallace. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Albert R. Allen, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Clear Lake, S. D. Feb. 2. 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., Dec. 15. 1917. as 
private in aviation section, signal corps. N. A. Trained at Camp 
Grant, III., and Minneapolis, Minn. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Jan. 25, 1919. 



ADAMS, Vernon, i::) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
VV. W. Adams. Winnebago, Minn. 

Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn.. March 25. T899 
and resident of that place when enlisted at Macalester College, 
St. Paul. Minn., in S. A. T. C. October 12, 1918. Discharged at 
St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 12, 19 18. 



AGERBECK, Soren. (3) Private. Son of Mrs. Jo- 
hanna Agerbcck, Denmark. 

Born in Denmark March 18. 1887. Resident of Dunnell. Minn., 
when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., as a private in aviation, 
regular army. Assigned to 93rd Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, 
Texas. Transferred to 9th Balloon Co.. Ft. Omaha, Nebraska. 
Embarked from Newport News. Va., June 30, 1918, arriving at 
Brest, France. July 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 3. 1919. discharged at 
Camp Grant, 111., May 17, 1919. 



ALDRICH, Mack Marston. (U Second Lieutenant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. yi. J. A Id rich, Fairmont 
Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn. Aug. 27, 1896, and resident thereof 
when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Oct. i, 1917, as private 
in Medical Corps, regular army. Served at Jefferson Barracks, 
Ft. Riley. Kansas. Ft. Sheridan, 111., and Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga. 
Successively promoted corporal, sergeant, ist sertreant and com- 
missioned 2nd lieutenant in Reserve Corps at discharge, Dis- 
<:harged Dec. 6, 1918. 



ALM, Fred Charles. (10) Private. Son of Charles 

Aim, Chicago, 111. 
Born at Worth, 111., July 6, 1894. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
when inducted at that place Sei»t. 5. 1918. as private in infantry, 
N. A. Assigned to 5th Replacement unit, Camp Grant, 111., and 
transferred to 21st Co., Replacement troops. Camp Hancock, Ga. 
Discharged at Camp Hancock, Ga., Jan. 29. 19 iQ* 



ALSWORTH, Malcolm Cameron. (11) Private First 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Alsworth, Sher- 
bnrn, Minn. 
Born at Slierhurn, Alinn., Dec. 3, 1896. Resident of Jay Twp., 
Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
2, igi8, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. I 54th Inf., 6th 
Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 5. 1918. Arrived at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 
1918. Engaged at Vosges and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to 
V. S. June 10, 1 9 19. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 
:8, 1919. 



AMMANN, Gilbert J. (V:) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Henry \V. Animann, Monterey, Minn. 

Born at Kankakee County, 111., Oct. 11, 1896. Resident of Cedar 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
23, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recrviit Co. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



ALEXANDER, Ivan Grant. (;V) Private. 

Born July 16, 1893, at Willet. N. Y. Married, one child. Resi- 
■dent of Fox Lake, Minn, Inducted at Redwood Falls, Minn., 
Oct. 23, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A., and assigned to 
388th Inf., 97th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 
1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



ALLEN, Arthur Chester. 

Sister of Mrs. 



ceased. 

Minn. 

Born at Sherburn, Minn., 
Minn., when enlisted at 



ffi) Cook. Parents de- 
Henry Ott, Sherbnrn, 



April 2, 1885. Employed at Nebish, 
Bemidji, Minn., April 291 191 8, as 
private in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. C nth 
Inf., 5th Div. at Douglas, Arizona. Transferred to Co. C 51st 
Inf.. 6th Div., at Camp Forrest. Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J. July 6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 2^, 1918. 
Engaged at Giradmers, X'osges and Meuse-Argonne. Keturnea 
to U. S. June 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 
20, 1919. 



ALLEN, Harry. (7) Private. Parents deceased. 
Born April 15, 1900, at Akeley, Minn. Served on Mexican 
fcorder with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., 1916-17. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
■Guard, July 15, 1917. at Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantry, 
N. G. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, 
N. M. Transferred to Bty. F 128th Field Artillery, 35th 
Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918. 
Arrived at St. Agnew, France, July 6, 1918. Engaged as follows: 
St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, Returned to U. S. May 2, 1919. 
Discharged May 18, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



ALLEN, Leo. (8) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Will Allen, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Aug. 14, 1896 at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn. 

Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., wlien 

unlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 17, 1918, as private in infantry, 

N. A. Assigned to Battery C 2nd Trench Mortar Battalion, Ft. 



ANDERSON, Albert Ephriam. (13) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Aug. Anderson, Odin, Minn. 
Born Dec. 17, 1892, at Will County, 111. Resident of Cedar 
Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
May 27, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E 
159'th Inf., 40th Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash., training also at 
Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred to Co. C 126th Inf., 32nd 
Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 8, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre. France. Aug. 25th, 19 18. Engaged in 
Meuse-Argonne offensive. Arrived back in U. S. Feb. 1919. 
and discharged Feb. 15, 1919- 



ANDERSON. Alfred J. (14) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John A. Anderson, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Dec. 5, 1896, at East Chain Twp.. Martin County, Minn. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Jan. 7. 1918, as chauffeur in Air Service. Assigned to 
830th Aero Sqaudron at Kelly Field. Texas. Transferred to 
266th Aero Squadron at Seltridge Field. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J.. April 18, 1918. arriving at Brest, trance, April 28, 

1918. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, and discharged May 20, 

1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



ANDERSON, Andrew Emil. (15) Son of Mrs. H. L. 

Anderson, Eau Claire, Wis. 
Age 26 when inducted. Resided at Sherburn, Minn., when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. No further record. 



ANDERSON, Andrew Leon. (16) Wagoner. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Anderson, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Will County, 111., June ig. 1892. Resident of Elm 
Creek Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co, 
L 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 
Co. D 42nd Eng. Later to 45th Co.. 3oth Engrs. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J. Mav 10, igi8, arriving at Brest, France, 
May 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 12, 1919. 



83 



ANDERSON, Clifford Theodore. (1) Private. Son 

of Mr. ami Mrs. J. A. Anderson. Fairmont, Minn. 
JJorn June 8, 1894 at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, and resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E 159th Inf., 
40th Div. at Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred in France to 
Co. C 126th Inf., 32nd Div. Embarked from llohoken. N. J., 
Aug. 8, igi8, arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 23, 1918. En- 
gaged in Aleuse-Argonne offensive. Machine gun wound through 
both legs, Oct. 8, 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919, and 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 5, 1919- 



ANDERSON, Herbert Clarence. (2) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Victor Anderson, Granada, Minn. 
r>orn March 17. 1892, at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, 
Minn., and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
May 27. 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
E 159th Inf., 40th Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Trained also 
at Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred to Co. C 126th Inf., 32nd 
Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Aug. 8. 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 25, 1918. Engaged in Meuse- 
Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. May 14, 1919, and dis- 
charged May 22, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



ANDERSON, Hjalmar G. cn Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Anderson, Sherburn, 

Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 16, 1893. and resident of tliat 
place when called to federal service from National Guard JuTy 
15. I9'7. at Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred in France to Co. E ii6th Motor Supply Train, 41st Div., 
later to Motor Truck Co. 438, Motor Su])i)ly Train, ist Corpis 
Hq. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, July 11, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
Crushed between trucks Oct. 8, 1919, three weeks in hospital. 
Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, July 12, 1919. 



ANDERSON, Hjalmer M. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Andrew ,\nderson, Monterey, Minn. 
Born at Cook County, 111., Feb. 3. 1896. Resident of Cedar 
Twp., Martin Couuty, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 136th 
Inf., 34tli Div. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to 
Battery F 19th Field Artillery, 5th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J. June 28, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, July 13, 1918. 
Engaged at Vosges. St. MihJel and Toul. Returned to U. S. 
July 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 29, 1919. 



ANDERSON, Lloyd Raymond. (8) Private. Son of 

Mr. atid Mrs. Ed. Anderson, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Granada, Minn., Nov. 30, 1898. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 12, 19 18, as 
private in infantry, S. A. T. C. Trained at LTniversity of Minne- 
sota. Discharged Dec. 18, 19 18, at Minneapolis, Minn. 



ANDERSON, Nels Philip. (9) First Lieut., Medical 
Corps. Son oi Air. and Mrs. N. P. Anderson, St. 
Paul, Minn. 
P.orn Aug. 9, 1891, at St. Paul, Minn. Married, three children. 
Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when entered service. Two years 
military training as cadet. U. of Minn. Enlisted at St. Paul, 
Minn.,' as 1st lieut.. Medical Corps, June 23,^1917. Assigned to 
Medical Corps Training Camp. Ft. Riley, Kansas. Trained at 
Ft. Riley, commanding Co. No. 12. Transferred to Spruce 
Production Division, Portland Oregon. Transferred to 40th 
Div. Transferred to Ambulance Co. 32, 8th Sanitary Train, 
8th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Nov. 27, 1918. Re- 
called to Newport News, Va., two days later. Discharged Feb. 
10, 1919. 

ANDERSON, Thor Gustav. (10) Private. Son of 

C. P. Anderson, Tranos. Sweden, where he was 

born June 6, 1891. 
Resident of Monterey. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn, 
April 29, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 350th 
Ambulance Company, 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. Contracted tuberculosis in the service and sent 
to Whipple Barracks, Arizona, for treatment at government 
sanitarium. Discharged at Whipple Barracks May 21, 1919- 



ANDROSS, Roy Lea. Ml) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Andross. Granada, Minn. 
Born at Granada, Minn., July 2, 1901, and resident thereof when 
enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., June 5, 1918, as a private in 
cavalry. Regular Army. Assigned to Machine Gun Troop, 314th 
Cav,, at Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to Trench Mortar Battery 
at Camp Jackson. S. C. Discharged Jan. 11, 1919 at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. Re-enlisted in Regular Army 



ANTONSON, Albert Edwin. (\:1) Private. Son of 
Mrs. Caroline Johnson, Holmstad. Sweden, where 
he was born July 5, 1893. 

Resident of Fairmont, ]\Iinn.. when inducted at Estherville, 
Iowa, July 29, 19 18, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. C 213th Engineers at Camp Forrest, Ga. Transferred 
to Co. B 128th Engineers in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Sept. 30, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 13. 1918. 
Returned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, July 21, 1919. 



ANDERSEN, James C. (5) Private First Class. 
Son of Mrs. Jeanna Andersen, Gistrup, Denmark, 

wliere he was born April 36, 1888. On visit to Denmark when 
war was declared. Returned to U. S. to enter army. Inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., June 24, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. 
Assigned to Battery D 332nd F. A., 86th Div., at Camp Robinson, 
Wis. Iimbarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 16, 1918. Arrived 
at LeHavre. France, Sept. 29, 19 iS. Returned to U. S. Feb. 20, 
19 19. Discharged Feb. 28. 1919 at Camp Grant. 111. 



ANDERSON, John Victor. (G) Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Anderson. Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Elm Creek Twp., Martin County. May 20, 1896. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont. Minn., wdien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, and from there to Camp Cody, N. M., where he was as- 
signed to Co. C 109th Engineers, 34th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17. 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 
5, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 26. 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919. 



ANDERSON, Lars A. (7; Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Anderson, Turin, Iowa. 

Born at Fegen, .Sweden, Nov. 4, 1890. Resident of Pleasant 
Prairie Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. E 53rd Inf., 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., July 5, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. 
France, July 18, 1918. Engaged on \'osges Sector and in 
Meuse-Argonne offensive. Naturalized in the army. Returned 
to U. S. June 12, 19 19, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
June 21, 1919. 



ANTONSON, Gustav. (13) Private. Son of Anton 
Johansun, Huhnstad. Sweden, wlierc he was born 
Sept. 27, 1896. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place 
Sept. 5, 1918, as i)rivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 5th Co., 
i6ist Depot Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Discharged Dec. 11, 1918, 
at Camp Grant, III. 

ANTONSON, Ivar. ri4) Private. Son of Mrs. Car- 
<dine lohnson, Hohnstad. Sweden, where he was 
born Nov. S, 1891. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 
25. 19 18. as private in Engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. B 70th 
Engineers at Ft. Douglas, Utah. Trained also at Camp Grant, 
111. Discharged Dec. 21, 1918. 



APPELQUIST, Henry Edmund. (15) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Appelquist, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Minneapolis, Minn.. Oct. 6, 1898. Resident of Dunnell, 
Minn., when inducted Oct. 5. 191S. in S. A. T. C. at Gustavus 
Adolphus College, St. Peter. jMinn. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918. 



ARMSTRONG, Allen C. (K.) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Minnie Armstrong, Fairmont, Mmn. 
Married. Employed at Jamestown, N. D., when inducted at 
Fairmont, July, 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Em- 
harked from Newport News Va.. Aug. 30. 1918, arriving at 
Brest, France, Sept. 13, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. In 
Hospital Oct. 30 to Dec. 9, 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 31, 
1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 21, 1919- 



85 




J 



ARONSON, Anton, (l) Wagoner. Son of Aron 
Larson, Unnayard, Sweden, where he was born 
on Jan. 25, 1895. 

Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, igi8, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. M 351st Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to Co. C 43rd Engineers at Washington University, 
D. C, later to 48th Co., 20th Engineers in France. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J.. May 22, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. 
May 30, 1918. In advance sector, Chateau-Thierry and Lorraine, 
June 10, to Nov. 11, 1,918. Returned to U. S. June 22, 1919' 
and discharged June 28", 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

ATWOOD, Allen E. (:> ) Private. Son of Frank C. 
Atwood, Duhith, Minn. 

Born Sept. 15, 1897, at Xewton. Iowa. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at that place July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
to 103rd Trench Mortar Battery, 28th Div., in France and to 
Co. E 316th Motor Transport Corps of 91st Div.. in Belgium. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18, arriving at 
LeHavre. France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at Chateau-Thierry, 
Meuse-Argonne and Belgian Front. Slightly wounded, forehead, 
high explosive, Sept. 21st, igi8. Gassed, two occasions. Returned 
to U. S. April 20, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
May 7, 1919- Died at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 16, 1920 of 
influenza. 

AXFORD, Harold. (3) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. \V. Axford. Truman. Minn. 
Born at Salisbury, England, Sejit. 18, 1893. Resident of Rutland 
Twp., Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn. 
June 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. C 343rd 
Inf., S6th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. L, 162nd 
Inf., 41st Division, in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 14, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept, 21, 1918. 
Returned to XJ. S. Feb. 22, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 
III., March 13, 1919. 

BAGLEY, Wellington Safford. (4) Private. Son of 
Mrs. C. E. Bagley, Welcome, Minn. 

Born at Welcome, Minn., Sept. 8, 1898, and resided when en- 
listed at Minneapolis, Minn., July, 19 18, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Had 4% years previous training at Shattuck Military 
Academy, Faribault, Minn. Assigned to Co. 12, ist Regt., 
U. of M., Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to Officers Training 
Camp at Camp Taylor, Kentucky. Discharged Jan. 24, 1919, at 
Minneapolis. ^liTin. 

BAILEY, Lynn R. (.>) Private. Son of F. E. 

Bailey, Rockland, Idaho. 
Born July 22. 1897, at Jackson. Minn. Resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to 1 i6th Motor Dispatch; Purchasing 
Department G. H. Q, and later to Co. B 132nd Engineers. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, July 9, 1918. Served as dispatch rider between Service 
of Supply Headquarters and the front with the 6th Div. during 
offensives of October-November, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 
IS. 1919. and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Aug. 19, 1919- 

BAIR, Franklin Albert, (fl) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. 1'". H. l^jair. Dunnell. Minn. 
Born at LaPorte City, Iowa. July 1 7, 1894. Resident of Lake 
Fremont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. M 135th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred in France to Co. A. 166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July 14, 1918, Gassed Aug. 2, 1918, in hospital 2 months. With 
Army of Occupation. Returned to L^. S. April 25, 19 19. and 
discharged May 12, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

BAKER, George Warren. (7) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. F. I). Baker, formerly of Martin County, 

now of Pine City, Minn. 
Born at Faribault County, Minn., August 15, 1886. Resident 
of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
ist, 1918, as private in aviation, N. A. Assigned to 144th Co. 
I St Prov. Regiment at Vancouver Barracks. Wash. Served in 
spruce production service. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Dec. 28, 1918. 

BANKE, Leonard. (8) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John llanke, Dunncll, Minn. 
Born Aug. 8, 1897, at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County. 
On a visit in California when enlisted Jan. 19, 191 7, at Ft. 
McDowell, Calif., as private in Quartermaster Corps, regular 



army. Assigned to Motor Truck Co. 17 at Ft. Sam Houston, 
Texas Served at Ft. Mcintosh, Texas, Camp MacArthur, 
Texas, and Camp Normoyle, Texas. Discharged at Ft. Bayard, 
N. M., March 27, 1920. 

BAROWIAK, Joseph. (In Private. Son of Mr. and 

.Mrs, l-'rank Harowiak, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin Cn\inty, Minn., Feb. 21. 1896, 
and resident thereof when called to federal service from National 
Guard on July 15, 191 7, at Fairmont, Minn. Assigned to Co. 
E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
Camp Cody Development Battalion after ten months in hospital 
with pneumonia. Transferred^ to Supply Co., 388th Inf., 97th 
Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918, at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. 

BARNES, Arthur Jordan. (10) Saddler. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. (irant liarnes, Truman. Minn. 

Born Aug. 3, 1895, at Grand Mound, Iowa. Resident of Tru- 
man, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. K 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred to Supply Co., 124th F. A. in France. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. T., June 28, igi'S. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July 15, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S. May 24, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
I(^wa, June 8, 1919. 

BARNETT, Lynn Arthur, (ill Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Barnett, Truman, Minn. 
Born Aug. 5, 1887, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident thereof 
when called to federal service from National Guard at that place 
July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to Co. I 39th 
Inf., 4th Div., in France, and later to Co. B, same command. 
Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at 
LeHavre, France. Nov. i, IQ18. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 
19 19, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 

BARTLING, George A. (12) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Chas. Hartling:, Elk Point. Alberta. 
I'.nrn at Maywood. 111., April 18, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, April 29, 1918, as a private 
in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery C 338th Field Artillery, 
88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A 19th 
.Military Police, 19th Division, at Camp Dodge. Transferred to 
Camp Provost Guard Co. at Camp Dodge, after demobilization 
of the 19th Div. Continued on such duty until discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Oct. 9, 1919. 

BARTO, Leroy A. ( L'; ) Private. Son of H. E. 

Bartu. Fairmont, Alinn. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., 
Aug. 22, 1917, as private in aviation. Regular Army. Assigned 
to 63rd Aero Squadron, later changed to 475th Aero Squadron, 
at Kelly Field, Texas. Also trained at Morrison, Va. Embarked 
from Newport News, Va., Jan. 17, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
Feb. 5, 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 11, 1918, and discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 27, 1918. 

BARTO, Ralph. (14) Private. Son of H. E. Barto, 

Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., June 5, 1900, and resident thereof 
when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July i, 1918, as pri- 
vate in Medical Corps, Regular Army. Assigned to Medical 
Replacement Unit No 2 at Camp Crane, AUentown, Pa. Trans- 
ferred to Evacuation Hospital No. 5 in France. Embarked from 
New York Sept. 9, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 26, 
19 iS. Stationed on Champagne and Flanders fronts from Oct. 
I. 1918, until Dec. 20, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 17, 1919, 
and discharged March 14, i9"9» at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

BASSETT, Glen. (15) Son of Mr. and Mrs. G. W. 

Bassett, Sherbnrn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Dec. 15. 1894. Employed at Big Sandy, 
Mont., when inducted at Ft. Benton, Mont., July 26, 1918, as 
private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to. Machine Gun Co, 335*^ 
Inf., S4th Div.. at Camp Sherman, Ohio. Transferred in France 
to Co. B 320th Machine Gun Battalion, 82nd Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 3, 19 18, arriving at LeHavrCj France, 
Sept. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919. and discharged 
at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, May 23, 1919- 

BASSETT, Osker. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Joe Bassett. Ceylon, Minn. 
Born March 26, 1895, at Blue Earth, Minn. Resident of Ceylon. 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B 311th Eng., 86th 
Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to camp unit at Camp 
Grant, later to Spruce Div., employed in Maine forests. Trans- 
ferred to camp unit at Camp Devens, Mass. Discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111., Dec. 31* 1918. 



87 



BATES, Frank Raymond. ( 1 ) Corporal. Son of 

Mrs. Helen Bates. Davenport, Iowa. 

Born at Palo Alto County, Iowa, Jan. i8, 1S87. Resident of 
Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 

1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B., 109th 
Eng., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Embarked from Iloboken, 
N. J., Sept 17. 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England. Sept. 30, 

1918. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919. 



BATTERN, Norman Osborn. (2) Wagoner. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. James Battern. Le Mars. Iowa, 
where he was born July 29, 1888. Employed at Terril, Iowa, 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25. 19 18, as private 
in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 3 1 ith Engineers, 86th 
Div.. at Camp Grant. 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
8, 1918. arriving at LeFJavre, France, Oct. 10, 1918. Returned 
to U. S. June 27, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
July 5, 1919. 



BECKENDORF, Edward C. (:i) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Win. II. Beckendorf, Fairmont. 
Minn. 

Born May 26, 1896. at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn., 
and resident tliereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L 351st 
Inf., 88tli Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. I 
i3otIi Inf. 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J., May 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 
25, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
May 15, 19 19, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
21, i9>9- 



BECKENDORF, Ernest Henry. (4) Wagoner. Son 
oi Mr. and Mrs. \Vm. H. Beckendorf. Fairmont. 
Minn. 

Born Feb. 5, 1893, at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Residence when entered service, Tenhassen Twp. Inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as a private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. I, 136th Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. 
Trained at Camp Cody. Transferred to Supply Co., 123rd 
Heavy Field Artilery, 33rd Div., in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18. Arrived at LeHavre, France, 
July 12, 1918. Engaged in St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne 
offensives. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
May 24, 1919- Discharged June 9, 1919, at Camp Dodge. 



artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 5th Heavy Artillery, at 
Camp Jackson, S. C. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. Jan. 
5. 1919- 



BENJAMIN, Thomas E. (9) Private. Son of W. A. 

Benjamin, Cumberland, Wis. 
Born April 26. 1895, at Maquoketa, Iowa. Married. Resided 
at Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 
13' 19'/. a^s private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D 351st 
Inf., SSth Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Discharged for physical 
disability at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 13, 1918. 



BENNETT, Richard T. (loi Wagoner. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs, Thomas Hennett. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Dec. 24, 1892, at Algona, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., March 2, 1918, as 
private in Coast Artillery Corps. Trained at Fts. Totten and 
Star, New York. Transferred to Battery D. 58th Reg.. C. A. C. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. May 10. 1918. Arrived at 
Brest, France, May 25. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Gassed Nov. 8, 19 18. In hospital 4 months. Regi- 
ment cited for accuracy and efficiency in destroying bridge at 
Metz. Arrived in U S.. March 24, 19 19. Discharged at Ft. 
Snelling, Minn., April 19. 1919. 



BENTON, Loren WilHam. (11) Captain. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph W. Benton, Welcome, Minn. 



Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County. Sept. 27, 1894. Resi- 
dent of Welcome, Minn., when enlisted May 11, 19 17, at Ft. 
Snelling, Minn., as private in infantry, Regular Army. Sent 
to I St Reserve Officers Training Camp, Ft. Snelling, Minn., 
May 17, 1917, and graduated therefrom as 2nd lieutenant. As- 
signed to Co. L 350th Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to 4th R. O. T. C. at Camp MacArthur, Texas, as 
instructor. Twice promoted. Discharged at Camp MacArthur, 



Texas. Dec. 12. 1918. 



BERG, Arthur Eric. [V:i) Private, Son of Franz 
Berg, Triumph. Minn. 

Born Jan. 11, 1S97, at Ostersund. Sweden. Resident of Triumph, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918. as 
private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest. Ga., but 
never assigned. Discharged Nov. 12, 1918, at Camp Forrest, Ga. 



BECKER, Lyle E. (5) Sergeant First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Louis H. Becker, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Granada, Minn., July 2, 1899, and resided when enlisted 
at Minneapolis, Minn.. July 11, 1917, as private in the Medical 
Corps, Regular Army. Assigned to 344th Ambulance Co.. jiith 
Sanitary Train, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Oct. 5, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 1 , 1 9 19, and discharged 
July 8. 1919, <it Mitchell Field, Long Island. 



BECKER, Walter Joseph. (0) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Louis Becker, Sherburn. .Minn. 
Born April 23. 1S94. at Jay Twp.. Martin County. Minn., and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25. 19 18, 
as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf., 
88th Div., Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. B. 130th 
Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Logan. Texas. Transferred to Co. A 
108th Supply Train, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
May 16. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 26. 1918. En- 
gaged at the Somme, Verdun, Meuse-Argonne and Troyan. 
Gassed Oct. 30, 19 18. Returned to \J. S. May 22, 1919, and 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June i, 1919. 



BECKER, William A. (7) Private First Class. Son 

of Air. and Mrs. Chris Becker, Northrop, Minn. 
Born Sept. 29, 1891, at Cook County, 111. Resident of Rutland 
Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 26, 1918, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
B, 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, N. C. Trained at Camp 
Wadsworth. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918. 
Arrived at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Participated in Meuse- 
Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S., June 26, 1919. Dis- 
charged July 5. 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 



BEHRENS, Henry G. C. (S) Private. Son of Fred 

H. Bchrens. Granada, Minn. 
Born June 5, 188S, at Wilton Center, III. Kmployed at Joliet, 
111., when inducted at that place Aug. i . 1918, as private in 



BERNDTSON. Johan Conrad. (13) Private. Son of 

Mrs. Luuisa Berndtson, Gottenberg, Sweden, 

where he was born May 8, i8g6. Resident of Triumph, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as private in 
infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. A, 361st Inf., 91st Div. at 
Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 26, 
1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 27, 1918. Engaged at 
Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded by shrapnel in back and 
gas (mustard) severely in Argonne. In hospital ten weeks. 
Returned to U. S. Jan. 23, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
111., Feb. 5, 1919. 



BIRD, Robert William. (14) Sergeant. Son of James 
L. Bird, Aitkin, Minn. 

Born Aug. ir, 1895. at St. James, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 6, 1918, as a 
private in infantry. N. A. Trained at University of Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, and Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Co. 
A, Motor School, Camp Jackson. Transferred to Battery D, 
i2th Reg. and Battery B 12th Reg., Field Artillery Recruit Depot. 
Discharged Feb. 25, 1919, at Camp Jackson, S. C. 



BLACHOWSKI, Peter Joe. (J5) Pri\»te. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Albert Blachowski. Granada, Minn. 
Born at Lamont. 111.. Feb. 26. 1891. Resident of Pleasant Prairie 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25. 1918, as private in infantry. Discharged three days later at 
Camp Grant, 111., for physical deficiency. 



BLANCK, Carl G. (16) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Chris Blanck, Fairmont, Minn, 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 4, ^895. Resident of and inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 1918, as a private in engineers, N. 
A. Assigned to Co. A 315th Eng., 90th Div., at Camp Travis, 
Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 14. 1918. Arrived 
at LeHavre, France, June 23. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to L^. S. June 16, 1919. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 23, i9^9- 



BLEAKLEY, Joseph William. (1) Cook. Son of 

J. L. Bleakley, Poplar Bluffs, Mo. 

Born July 3, 1891. at Stoddard County. Mo. Resident of 
Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Bloomington, III., Oct. _ 2, 
1917, as cook in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to Machine 
Gun Co., 50th Inf.. at Syracuse, New York. Transferred to 
Machine Gun Co., 90th Inf. at Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged 
March 25, 19 19, at Camp Grant, 111. 



BORK, Albert Herman. (9) Chief Mechanic. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Herman H. Bork, Sherburn. Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., May 30, 1892, and resident of that 
place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 30, 1918, as 
private in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Batterv C. 38Sth Field 
Artillery. SStli Div. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
Camp Mills, N. Y., Aug. 18, 1918. Arrived at Tillsbury, Eng- 
land, Sept. 9, 1918. Returned to U. S., Jan. 5, 1919. Dis- 
charged Jan. 18, 1919. 



BLENCOE, Claude Henry. (*J) First Lieutenant. 

Son of H. H. hlencoe, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 29, 1892, where he resided when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Had served on Mexican 
border in 1916-17 with Co. E 2nd Minn. Inf. Assigned to Co. 
E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Promoted ser- 
geant and assigned to 3rd Officers Training School at Leon 
Springs, Texas. Jan. 4, 1918, graduating therefrom as 2nd 
Lieutenant June d, 1919. Transferred to 3rd Replacement Regt. 
at Camp Pike. Ark. Transferred to 159th Depot Brigade at 
Camp Taylor. Ky. Assistant Camp Inspector at Camp Taylor. 
Discharged Jan. 15, 19 19. 



BOESCH, John Alfred. (3) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Anton Boescli, Truman, Minn. 

Born Sept. 23, 1897, at Blue Earth County, Minn. Resident 
of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., June 17, 

1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to Engineers' 
training camp at Camp Humphreys, Va. Transferred to Co. E 
217th Engineers at Camp Bureaugard, La. Discharged Feb. 10, 

1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



BOHNEN. George Fred. (4) Sergeant First Class, 
Q. M. C. Son oi Air. and Mrs. Krcd liuhncn, Wel- 
come, Minn. 
Born Aug. 30, 1895, at Lester Prairie, Minn. Resident of Wel- 
come, Minn., when inducted for general service at Fairmont, 
Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7. Assigned to Co. C 109th Eng., 34th 
Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transfened to Department of Utili- 
ties, Quartermaster Corps, Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 3, 1919. 



BORK, M 

Airs. He 

Born March 
Twp., Martin 
Feb. 25, 191 
L 351st Inf., 
Co. B 119th 
Sept. 14, 191 
insufficiency), 
30, 1920. 



ax David. (Ki) Private. Son of Mr. and 

rman H. Bork. Sherbnrn, Minn. 

3. 1895, at Sherburn, Minn., and resident of Jay 

County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 

i. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. 

88th Div., at Camp Dod^e, Iowa. Transferred to 

Inf.. 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged 

8 at Mcpherson, Ga., for physical disability (mitral 

, awarded total disability compensation. Died March 



BORK, Theodore A. (11) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Da\'id Bork, Welcome, Minn. 

Born Elm Creek Twp.. Martin County, Oct. 8, 1896. Resident 
of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 
29, 1918, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 22nd 
S. A. R. D. at Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas. Transferred to 
Depot Service Co. No. 47 at LeMans, France. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23, 1918. Arrived at St. Nazaire. France, 
Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919. Discharged July 
14, 1919, at Camp Grant, III. 



BOYCE, Harold J. (1^) Private First Class. Son of 
Capt. and Mrs. W. R. Boyce, Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., Feb. 20, 1897, 
and resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 
14. 1917. as private in Signal Corps. Regular Army. Assigned 
to Pittsburgh. Pa.. School for Radio Mechanics. Trained at 
Pittsburgh, Pa., University of Texas. ^Austin, Texas, and Elling- 
ton Field, Houston, Texas. Transferred to 354th Aero Squadron, 
in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 15. 1918. 
Arrived at Brest. France. Sept. 28, 1918. With Army of Occu- 
pation. Returned to U. S., June 26, 1919. Discharged July 11, 
1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



BONEK, Emil R. W. ( -V) Cook. Son of Mrs. Ber- 
tha Bonek, Wausau, Wisconsin. 
Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., 
Sept. 6, 1917, as private in infantry. Regular Army. Sent to 
Camp I'orrest, Ga., and assigned to Co. I 54th Inf., 6th Div. 
Embarked from Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5, 19 18, arriving at Glas- 
gow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. and in France a few days later. 
Engaged at Vosges sector, and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. 
S. June 10, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 21, 1919. 



BOMBOY, Homer Day. (r.) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. D. !•'. Bonil.i03\ Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Dec. 9. 1892. at Avoca. Iowa. Married. Three years Na- 
tional Guard training. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when called 
to federal service from National Guard, July 15. 1917, as corporal 
of infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div. at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. A 144th Inf., 36th Div., at 
Revigny, France. Transferred to nth Train Headquarters in 
France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Oct. 12, 1918. Arrived 
at LeHavre, France, Oct. 25, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 6, 
1919. Discharged June 16, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



BOOSALIS, Gus A. (7) Private. Son of Athano- 
sius K. Boosalis. Niata, Greece. 

Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 25, 1918, as a private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to 
Battery B, 332nd Field Artillery, Camp Robinson, Wisconsin. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17, 19 18. Arrived at 
LeHavre, France, Sept. 30, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 
igig. Discharged Feb. 28. 19 19, at Camp Grant, III. 



BOOSALIS, Gus C. (S) Private First Class. Son 

of Airs. Catherine Boosalis, Niata, Greece, where 
he was born Feb. 18, 1896. 

Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 
28, 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L 351st 
Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 30th Mil- 
itary Police Co., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked 
from Philadelphia, Pa., May 11, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, May 27, 191 8. At the front in Kemmel Sector and 
Meuse-Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. April 11, 1919, and 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 



BOYCE, William Rutherford. (1.3) Captain. Son of 

John Boyce. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Rutland Twp.. Martin County, June 4, 1870. Married. 
Served as commissioned officer in war with Spain 1898, on Mexi- 
can border, 1916-1917, and 12 years in Minnesota National Guard. 
Resident of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when called to federai 
service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, 
as captain of infantry. Commanded Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged on account of physical unfit- 
ness for overseas service at Camp Cody, N. M., Dec. 4, 19 18. 
Returned to Minnesota National Guard and promoted to major. 



BOYNTON, Floyd R. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. C. R. Boynton, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Albert Lea, Minn., Dec. 22, 1895. Resident of East 
Chain, Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
Dec. r, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A 
313th Ammunition Train, 8Sth Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to Battery E 319th Field Artillery, S^nd Div., Camp 
Gordon, Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 19, 19 18,, 
arriving at LeHavre. France, June 4, 19 18. Engaged at St. 
Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 13, 1919, 
and discharged May 27, 19 19, at Camp Grant, III. 



BRAUN, Edward Charles. (15) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Braun, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Aug. 18. 1895, at St. Paul, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July i, 1917, as 
sergeant in Motor Transport service. Assigned to Motor Truck 
Co. 130 at Ft. Snelling, Minn. Transferred to Motor Truck Co. 
345 at Camp Grant, 111., later to Motor Transport Co. 743 at 
same place. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., May 29, 1919- 



BRADFISH, Walter James. (16) Private First Class. 

Son of Air. and Mrs. Fred Bradfish, Edgar, Wis. 

where he was born Sept. 14, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, Minn.^ 
when inducted at that place June 15, 1918, as private in Signal 
Corps, N. A. Sent to University of Minnesota for training. 
Transferred to Co. D 419th Telegraph Battalion. Signal Corps. 
Embarked from Hoboken. N. J. Sept. 16, 1918, arriving abroad 
Sept. 30th. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
July 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 30, J919- 



91 




^-ssat 



BRECHT, Arnold Williajn. (1) Sergeant. Mrs. 
Anna Brecht, mother. '>\\ 15th Ave. S. E., Minne- 
apolis, Minn. 

Born Nov. 5, 1896 at Minnesota Lake, Minn., where he resided. 
Called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 15, 191 7, as a private in infantry, National Guard. As- 
signed to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Trained at Camp Cody. Transferred to Co. A, I4rst Inf., 36th 
Div. Transferred to Co. E Postal Express Service. Promoted 
corpora! and sergeant. Embarked from Jersey City, N. J., Oct. 
12, 1918. Arrived LeHavre, France, Oct. 27, 1918. Returned 
to U. S. July II, 1919. Discharged July 27. 1919, at Mitchell 
Field, Long Island. 



BRINKMAN, Adolph George. CJ ) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Brinkman. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp.. Martin County, Oct. 2, 1893. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Mo., March 18. 1918. as private in Coast Artillery Corps. 
N. A. Assigned to C. A. C. at Ft. Moultrie, S. C. Transferred 
to Camp Lee. \'a. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Dec. igiS. 



BROCKMAN, George Paul. (9) Chauffeur. Son of 

Mr. anil Mrs. Geo. E. Brockman, TriLimi)li. Minn, 

Born Apr. 21, 1S93, at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Clear 
Lake, Iowa, when entered service. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 3. 1918. as private in N. A. Assigned to 2nd Detachment, 
Army Service Corps at Camo LTpton, N. Y. Trained at Camp 
Grant and Camp Upton. Transferred to Ilq. Rents, Requisi- 
tions and Claims Department, Neuf chateau, France. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., Nov. 10, 1918. Arrived LeHavre, France, 
Nov. 24. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 19, 1919. Discharged 
July 26, 1919, at Camp Mills, N. Y. 



BROCKMAN, Ralph Raymond. (10) Corporal. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. C. K. Brockman. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., Nov. 9, 1893. 
Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn.. April 6, 1918 as a private in the National 
Army. Assigned to LTniversity of Cincinnati. Ohio, training de- 
tachment. Later assigned to Enlisted Ordnance Corps at Camp 
Tackson. S. C. Discharged Feb. 22, 19 19. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



BRINKMAN, Henry William. (.3) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. llcnry Brinkman, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at West ford Twp., Martin County, Nov. 24, 1895. Resi- 
dent of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
mont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent 
to Camp Grant, 111., and first assigned to 5th Co. i6ist Depot 
Brigade. Transferred to Machine Gun Training Center, at Camp 
Hancock, Ga., training in 19th and 20th Companies. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9. 1919. 



BROCKMAN, Raymond S. (11) Private. Son ot 

August Brockman, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born March 22, 1895. at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn., 
and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 
12, 1918. as private in Motor Transport Corps, N. A. Assigned 
to Hq. Repair Unit 306 at Camp Holabird, Maryland. Severe 
illness with pneumonia. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
25, 1 9 19. 



BRINKMAN, Herman Henry, (4) Private. Son of 

Mrs. Minnie Brinkman. Welcome, Minn. 
Born July 14, 1895, at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B 54th 
Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport 
News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
19 1 8. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1Q19. 



BROCKMAN, Sidney M. ( 1:.M Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. C. E. Brockman. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. Minn.. April iS, 1S92. 
Resident of Rolling Green Twp., same county, when inducted 
at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 2, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. G 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. A 308th Engineers. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J.. June 28, 1918. Returned safely and dis- 
charged about May, 1919- 



BRINKMAN, Julius. (5) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Alinnie Brinkman, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Martin County, Minn.. April 14, 1891. Employed at 
Welcome. Minn., when inducted at Jackson, Minn^ July -6, 
19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B 54th 
Pioneer Inf. at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J.. Aug. 29, 19 1 8, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
12, 1918. In hospital Sept. 23 to Dec. i, 1918. Returned to U. 
S. June 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 11, igiQ* 



BRODT, Chester Henry. (J3) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry Brodt, Welcome, Minn. 
Born Dec. 7, 1892, at Martin County, Minn. Married. Resident 
of Manyaska Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Feb. 25, igi8, as a private in infantry. National Army. 
Assigned to Co. L 351st Inf.. 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to Hq. Co., same command. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. 15. 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. France, Sept. 6, 

1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. Returned to U. S. May 31, 

1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919. 



BRIX, Fred George. (0) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. G. F. Brix, Yakima, Wash. 
Born Feb. 25, 1893, at Otranto, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont on Aug. 8. igi8, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Trained at Camp MacArthur, Texas. As- 
signed to Co. C 301st Inf., 76th Div., at St. Amand. France. 
Transferred to Co. E, 55th Inf., 7th Div., at LeMans, France. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23, 1918. Arrived at St. 
Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 20, 1919. 
Discharged June 28, 19 19. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



BROLSMA. Herman. (14) Private. Son of Jacob 
Brolsma, Sherbnrn, Minn. 

Born at St. Jacobi Parochea, Holland, April 4. 1894. Natural- 
ized in the army. Resident of Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Training Co. 15 at Camp 
Grant. 111. (Depot Brigade). Transferred to Co. M 6th Training 
Battalion at Camp MacArthur. Texas, discharged at Camp Mac- 
Arthur, Texas, Dec, 29, 1918. 



BRIX, John Peter. (T) First Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
Lena C. Brix, Huntington. Iowa. 

Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., April 12, 
1898. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., April 6, 19 18, as private in Q. M. C, National Army. 
Assigned to training department. LIniversity of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Transferred to Battery A 8th Regt. Field Artillery Replacement 
Depot, Camp Jackson, S. D. ; to Hq. Co., 42nd Field Artillery, 
14th Div., Camp Custer, Michigan. Discharged Jan. 28, 19 19, 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



BRONSON, Hugh Edwin. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Hugh F. Bronson, Sr., Bancroft, Iowa. 

Born at Spencer, Iowa, Aug. i, 1898. Employed at Elmore, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
in France to 4th Co. Hqs. Battalion, General Hqs., Chaumont, 
France. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, July 10, 1918. Returned to U- S. Sept. 5, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 13, 1919- 



BROCK, Robert R. (8) Private. Adopted son of 

Mr. ;ind Mrs. Dan Sturm. Granada, Minn. 
Born July 23. 1897, at Wayne County, Iowa. Resident of Pleas- 
ant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Minn., when enlisted under 
his original name at Albert Lea, Minn., Jan. 16, 1918, as private 
in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. D 33rd Engineers at Camp 
Devens, Mass. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 23, 1918, 
arriving at Brest, France. June 7, igi8. Returned to U. S. 
June 5, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 12, 
1919. 



BROOKS, Dale Lowell, (id) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. C. L. Brooks, Fairmont. Minn. 

Burn Oct. I. 1898, at Newton, 111. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., 
when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Nov. 7, 1917. as private 
in air service, N. A. Assigned to 256th Aero Squadron, Camp 
MacArthur, Texas. Embarked from Boston, Mass., June 15, 
1918, arriving at Bristol, England, July ;, 1918. Returned to 
\J. S. Dec. 8, 1918, and discharged Dec. 23, 1918. 



93 



BROOKS, Wayne Donald. (1) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. L. Brooks, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Newton, 111., Aug. 12, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Jeflferson Barracks, Mo., May 23, 1917. 
as private in engineers. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. B 9th 
Engineers, Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to Battery C 62nd F. A. 
Assigned to Field Artillery Central Officers Training Camp, 
22nd Training Battery, at Camp Taylor, Ky., Oct. 10, 1918. In 
training for commission when war ended. Discharged at Camp 
Taylor, Ky. Dec. 16, 19 18. 



BROUN, Percy Hamilton. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. A. G. T. Broun, Sherburn. Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., July 29, 1893. Resident of Sherburn 
when entered service. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 9. 
1918. as clerk in the Adjutant General's Department. Tempo- 
rally assigned to Co. D, ist Replacement Regiment of Engineers, 
Washington Barracks, Washington, D. C. Transferred to the 
office of the Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, Nov. 
I, 1918. Discharged Jan. 15, 19 19, at Washington. 



BROWN, Ernest G. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Harry P.rown, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born March 31, 1894, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that 
place when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July 15, 191S, as 
private in S. A. T. C. Trained at Dunwoody Institute, Minne- 
apolis. Discharged Aug. 5, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn. Died 
Nov. 10, 1918. 



BRUTSCH, George Charles. (10) Private. Son of 

^[r. and Mrs. Conrad IJrutsch, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, Feb. 18, 1900. Resi- 
dent of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
Oct. II. 1918, as private in infantry, S. A. T. C. Assigned 
to University of Minnesota for training. Discharged at Minne- 
apolis, Minn., Dec. 17, 19 18. 



BROWN, Harold Hubert. CD Private. Son of Air. 
and Mrs. Wilber G. Brown, P'airmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn., March 4, 1889. 
Resident of Rolling Green Twp. when entered service. Enlisted 
at St. Paul. Minn., Oct. i, 19 18, as private in S. A. T. C. 
Trained at Hamline University, St. Paul. Severe illness with 
diphtheria while in service. Discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., 
Dec. 21, 1918. 



BROWN, Harold Lesko. (4) Private. Son of Mr 

and Mrs. P. S. Brown, Ames, Okla. 
Born at Maulnane, Kansas, April 5. 1893. Resident of Silver 
Lake Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 25, 1918, as i)rivate in engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. 
F 31 ith Eng., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J. Sept. 14, 191S, arriving abroad Sept. 21. 1918. 
Returned to U. S. June 27, 1919. discharged July 8, 1919 at 
Camp Grant. III. 



BROWN, Hume W. C > Sergeant. 

Resident of Sherburn. Minn., when called at St. Paul, Minn., 
Dec. 8, 19 1 7, as a private in aviation section, signal corps. Sent 
to Kelly Field, Texas for training, and transferred to St. Paul, 
Minn., for special training. Assigned to 15th Aero Scjuadron. 
Hazelhurst Field, Minneola, L. I. Had an arm broken in a motor 
cycle accident, resulting in permanently crippled hand. Dis- 
charged Sept. II, 1919. 



BROWN, Keith M. ((>) Corporal. Son of Frank A. 
Brown, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born May 26, 1896, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident thereof 
when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont 
July 15. 1917. as private in National Guard. Assigned to Co. E 
136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M., as mechanic. 
Transferred to Quartermaster Corps at large at LeMans, France. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 19 18, arriving at 
LeHavre, France, Nov. i, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 15. 
1919, discharged July 26, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Re-en- 
listed in general service, infantry, July 28, 1919. On recruiting 
service at Aberdeen, S. D., one year. Discharged July 27, 1920. 



BRUMMOND, Robert J. (T) Private. Parents de- 
ceased. Born Nov. 13, 1S92. at Bancroft, Ne- 
braska. 

Resident of Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., March 5, 1918, as private in air service, N. 
A. Assigned to to Wilbur Wright Armours Det., at Dayton, 
Ohio. Transferred to 13th Aero Squadron, in France. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., June 22, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, 
France, July 4, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U. S. March 13, 19 19, and discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, April 2, 1919. 



BROUN, Archibald Campbell. (S) Q. M. Sergeant, 
senior grade. Son uf Mr. and Mrs. A. Ci. T. 
Broun, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Sherburn. Minn., Jan. J9th 1892. Married. Served 2^2 
years in Battery C ist Minn. Field Artillery, discharged with 
grade of sergeant. Enlisted Oct. i, 19 18, at Duluth, Minn., as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to ist Co., i6ist Depot 
Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Utilities Department, 
<3uartermastcr Corps, at Camp Grant. 111. Successively promoted 
to Q. M. sergeant, senior grade. Discharged May 10, 19 19. 



BUCHANAN, Jesse William, fll) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Hinry liuchanan, Pearl, 111., 

Born at Pearl, 111., June 6, 1894. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 1918, as private in 
infantry. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co. 313th Sanitary 
Train, 8Sth Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. .T. Aug. 17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 
4, 1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. Returned to U. S. March 
13, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 4, 1919. 



BUCKHOLZ, Vincent A. Cl2) Corporal. Son of 

.\uer. I'uckholz. l''airmont, Minn. 
Horn at Rutland Twp., Martin County. Minn.. March 14, 1892. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 
21, 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F 135th 
Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France 
to Co. K 30th Inf.. 3rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .Tuly 15, 1918. En- 
gaged at the Aisne-Marne offensive. Vesle. St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
23, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 28, 1919. 



BUGGY, George Francis. li:i) Chauffeur. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Buggy, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Oct. 4, 1895, at Faribault County, Minn. Resident of 
Fairmcnt, Minn., wlien enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Nov. 
26, 1917, as private in aviation. Regular Army. Assigned to 
124th Aero Squadron (later changed to 643d). at Kelly Field. 
Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Jan. 13, 1918, arriving 
at Brest. France, Jan. 28, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 18, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 30, 1919. 



BURGESS, William J. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. J. L. Burgess, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Toledo, Iowa, May i, 1895. Served with Co. E 2nd 
Minn. Inf. on Mexican border, 1916-17. Called to federal 
service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 15, 1917, 
as private in infantry. Failed to pass physical examination for 
muster into U. S. service. Left at home ill when command moved 
to Camp Cody. N. M. Died April 30, 1918 at his home in Fox 
Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. Illness causing death was 
contracted in the service. 



BURNS, Arlo E. (\:,) Private. Native of Iowa. 
Born in 1890. Resided at Welcome when called to federal service 
from National Guard at Fairmont Tuly 15, 1917. as private in 
infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Contracted rheumatism and other disabilities and 
discharged for physical unfitness about January, 1918. 



BURNSON, Cornell. (Hi) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Martha Burnson, Humboldt, Iowa, 
Born at Humboldt, Iowa, March 3, 1892- Married. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 1918, 
as private in artillery. Assigned to Battery A 331st Field 
Artillery, 86th Div.. at Camp Grant. 111., and trained at Camp 
Robinson, Wis. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 31, 1918. 



95 



BURTON, Leonard V. A. (1) Cook. Son of .Mr. 

and Mrs. Lennie Burton. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born April 2, 1S87, at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County, 
Minn. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that 
place May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to ist Co., _ist Bn., 166th Depot Brigade, Camp Lewis, Wash. 
Discharged at Camp Lewis, Dec. 11, 19 18. 



CARLBERG, John Helge. (9) Saddler. Son of 

Adolpli G. Carllicrg. Lit, Sweden, where he was 

born Oct. 1, 1890. 
Resident of Triumph, Minn., wlien enlisted at .Jefferson Barracks, 
Mo., .Tuly ^6. igi7. as private in infantry. Regular Army. As- 
signed to Co. K 46th Inf., 9th Div. at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, 
Ind. Transferred to Co. B, 26th Machine Gun Battalion, 9th 
Div. at Camp Taylor, Ky. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Feb.- 18, 1919. 



BUSH, George. (2) Private. Born in 1S93. 

Resident of \\'interset, Iowa, when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., .Tuly 15, 1917, as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 24th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Sent overseas in .Tune, 191 8, and transferred. 
No further record. 



BUTLER, Donald Emmons. (3) Private. Son ot 

Mr. and Mrs. \V. H. Butler, Winnebago, Minn. 

Married. Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Nov. 14, 1S93, 
and resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
April 29, 1918. as private, general service. N. A. Assigned to 
352nd Ambulance Co., 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div.. at Camp 
Dodge. Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 18, 191S, 
arriving at LeHavre. France. Sept. 5, 1918. Engaged at Haute- 
Alsace sector, and Tou! sector. Returned to U. S. June 4, 1919, 
discharged June 15, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



BUTLER. Jesse Darwin. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. W. H. Bntler, \Vinnel)ago, Minn. 

Born Jan. 28. 1888. at Nashville Twp., ^[artin County, Afinn.. 
and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
25. 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. B 119th 
Inf.. 30th Div., at Camp Sevier. S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J.. June 20, 1918. arriving at LeHavre. I'Vance. July 6, 1918. 
Engaged at Vpres Offensive, Bellicourt, and Arras from Aug. 31 
to Nov. I, 1918. his division operating with the British. Returned 
to U. S. April 2, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
April 12, T919. 



CARLSON, Amos. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. J. P. Carlson, Monterey. Minn. 

Born in Buena Vista Co.. Iowa. May 9. 1896. Living at Mon- 
terey, Minn., when inducted June 25, :gi8 at Fairmont, 
Minn., as private in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Battery 
D 332nd Field Artillery. 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, 
Wisconsin. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 16. 191 8. 
Arrived LeHavre, France, Oct. i. igi8. Returned to U. S. Feb. 
15, 1919. Discharged Feb. 28. 1919 at Camp Grant, 111. 



CARLSON, Andrew. (11) Corporal. Son of Carl 

Anderson, Wallby, Sweden. 

Born at Wallby. Sweden. Feb. 7, 1893. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard on 
July 15. 19 1 7, as private in infantry. Rejected on physical ex- 
amination Aug. 15, 191 7. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25, 1918 as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 
311th Eng-. 86th Div., and trained at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 9. 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
I'rance, Sept. 23, 1918. Underwent hernia operation in service. 
Returned to U. S. June 27. 1919. Discharged July 28, 1919. 



CARLSON, Carl Arvid. (I:i) Mechanic. 

Parents reside in Sweden, where lie was born, date unknow'n. 
Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, 
Mo.. July 26, 1917, as private in infantry. Regular Army. As- 
signed to Co. A 45th Inf.. 9th Div., at Camp Sheridan, Alabama. 
Transferred to Co. A 67th Inf. Discharged in February, 1919. 



CAMPE, Oscar A. d) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Fred Campe, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, May 3, 1897, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 8, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D loth 
Bn., ist Replacement Unit, Camp MacArthur. Texas. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23. 19 18. arriving^ at St. Nazaire, 
France. Oct. 6, 19 18. Returned to U. S. July 23, 19 19, dis- 
charged at Camp Mills, N. Y., July 26, 1919. 



CARLSON, Carl J. (i.-?) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Alfred Carlson, Mantorp, Sweden, where he 

was born Sept 20. 1892. 
Resident of Monterey. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
I\lay 19, 191S. as private in engineers. N. A, Assigned to Co. 
L 34th engineers at Ft. Benjamin Harrison. Ind. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 16, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
land. Aug. 28, 1918. Returned to \J. S. July 19, 19 19, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. July 26, 1919. 



CAMERON, Daniel Lown. (6) Private. Son of 

James Cameron. Charles City. Iowa. 
Born Sept. 8, 1892, at Reinbeck, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
for disability at Camp Cody, N. M., Oct. 27, 1917. 



CARLSON, David. (,H) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. J. A. Carlson, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Elm Creek Twp., Martin County. July 9, 1893. 3"<i resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
assigned to Co. L 3 "; i st Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Camp 
Logan. Texas, and assigned to Co. M 132nd Inf., 33rd Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., May 15. 1918, arriving at 
Brest, France, May 24, 1918. Engaged at Cambria front (with 
British Army) and at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 
17, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 26, 1919. 



CAMPBELL, John Nelson. (7) First Lieutenant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Alex Campbell, St. Paul, 

Minn. 
Born at Clinton, 111.. Sept. 1, 1892. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
when commissioned 2nd lieut. in the \'eterinary Reserve Corps. 
Assigned to duty at Hq. Central Department. Chicago. Later on 
duty with 8th Field Artillery and 7th Ammunition Train. 31st Div. 
Embarked from Camp Merritt, N. Y., Aug. 18, 1918, arriving 
at Brest. France. Aug. 27. 1918. Returned to U. S. May 19, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dix. N. J., May 23, 1919- 



CARLSON, Edward 

Mr. and Mrs. Carl C 
Born at Elm Creek Twp., 
Galena Twp., Martin County 
Feb. 25, 191S. as private 
Co. L 351st Inf.. 88th Div., 
Co. M 132nd Inf.. 33rd Div. 
from Hoboken, N. J., May 
May 23, 1918. Engaged at 
May 15, 1919, discharged at 



Carl. (1.5) Private. Son of 

arlson, Triumph, Minn. 

Martin County, Minn. Resident of 
. when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 

in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 
, at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked 
16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 

Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 26, 1919* 



CANON. Clarence Holman. (8) Private. Son of 
Rev. and Mrs. C. B. Canon, Winnebago, Minn. 

Born at Rutland, Iowa, Jan. 21, 1894. Married. Resident of 
Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. 
Minn., July 26, 191 8. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf. at Camp Wadsworth, N. C. Em- 
barked from Newport News. V'a.. Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at 
Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U S. June 19, 1919, discharged August i, 1919. 



CARLSON, Frank Nathaniel. (16) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. F. O. Carlson, Granada, Minn. 
Bora at Chicago, 111.. March 21. 1896. Resident of Pleasant 
Prairie Tw-p., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Sept. 6, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
5th Co. i6ist Depot Brigade. Camp Grant, 111. Serious illness 
with influenza and complications. Discharged at Camp Grant, 
ill., Dec. 12, 1918. 



97 



fi^ 




CARLSON, George David (1) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Andrew Carlson, Granada. Minn. 

Born Aug. lo. 1899, at East Chain, Minn. Resident of East 
Chain when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. i, 1918, as a private 
in Infantry, S. A. T. C. Trained at Hamline University, St. 
Paul. Minn. Discharged Dec. u, 1918. 



CARLSON, Johannes E. (2) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Lotta Larson. Il^■a. Sweden, where he was bora 

Oct. 10, 1S8S. 
Resident of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at St. James, ]\[inn., 
July 24. 1918, as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Co. 
H 54th Pioneer Inf. at Camj) Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked 
from Newport News. \'a.. Aug. 29. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
May 5. 1919. discharged May 28, 1919. 



CATLIN, AUin, Jr. (ii) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Allin Catlin, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Feb. 13. 1896. Waverly Twp., Martin County. Minn. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at that place Nov. 26, 
1917, as a private in Air Service. Assigned to i ith Co.. 2nd 
kegt.. Air Service Mechanics, at Camp Hancock, Ga. Trained at 
Camp Hancock. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. March 4. 1918. 
Arrived at LeHavre, France. March 17, igiS. Returned to U. S., 
June 26. 1919. Discharged July 12. 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



CHAMPINE, Earl Wallace, (lo) Corporal. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. John Champine. Ceylon. Minn. 

Born at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County. Sept. 30, 1898. Resi- 
dent of Ceylon. Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn.. June 
27, 19 18. as private in ordnance corps. Assigned to ist Pro- 
visional Ordnance Convoy Co., Camp Raritan, N. J. Made 6 
trips with truck convoys between Detroit, Mich., and Raritan, 
N. J. Discharged at Raritan .-\rsenal, N. J., June 9, 1919. 



CARLSON. Reuben Clarence. (:;) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. C. G, Carlson, Ormsby. Minn. 

Born Sept. 18. 1895 at Wynet. 111. Resident of Galena township 
when called to service. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 25, 
1918. as private in engineers. National .\rmy. Assigned to Hq. 
Det. 3iitli Eng.. 86th Div.. Camp Grant. HI. Trained at Camp 
Grant. Transferred to Co. A 311th Eng.. 86th Div., at Bordeaux, 
France. Embarked from New York, Sept. 9. igi8. Arrived 
LeHavre. France, Sept. 23, 19 18. .\rrived in U. S., June 27. loiu. 
Discharged July 8, 1919. at Camp Grant. 111. 



CARLSON. William Herbie. (4) Private First Class. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Carlson. Ceylon, Minn. 

Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 15. 1918. as private in Tank 
Corps, N. A. Assigned to Auto Mechanics school at Purdue 
University, La Fayette, Ind. Transferred to Co. .\ 305 th Bn., 
Tank Corps, at Camp Colt. I'a. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Dec. 31, 1918. 



CARROL, Michael J. (5) Sergeant Q. M. C. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Carrol, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Dwight, 111., May 7, 1890. In business at Huntley, Minn., 
when inducted at Blue Earth, Minn., May 27, 1918. Assigned 
to Quartermaster Corps at Camp Lewis, Wash., wliere he served 
\\nt\\ discharged at that place June 27, 19 19. 



CARROL, Patrick L. (0) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Ed. Carrol, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Highland. 111.. April 3. 1S97. Resident of Pleasant 
Prairie Twp., when entered service, fnducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Oct. 22, 19 1 8, as a private in Engineers. N. A. Assigned to 
13th Prov. Recruit Co.. Eng.. Camp Forrest, Ga. Trained at 
Camp Forrest. Discharged Jan. 7, 1919 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



CHAMPINE, Percy Lee. (ll) Private. Son ol Mr. 
and Mrs. L. E. Champine, Ceylon, Minn. 

Burn at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, May 18, 1897, and 
resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 
15. 1918, as private for ambulance driver, N. A. Assigned to 
ambulance service at V. of M.. Minneajiolis, Minn., for training, 
later transferred to Camp Crane, Allen town. Pa. Discharged 
Dec. 26, 1918. 



CELANDER. Venner A. (ixM Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Oscar Celander. Fairmont, Minn. 

Resident of Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County. Minn., when 
inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Sept. 5. 1918. as private in Inf., 
N. A. Assigned to Motor Machine (iun School at Camp Han- 
cock, Ga.. transferring to Camp Penning, Ga. Chauffeur to com- 
manding officer during entire period of service. Discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 25, 1919- 



CHENEY, Frank. (Li) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Ezra Chenej', Truman. Minn. 
Born Dec. ^4, 1895. at Watonwan County. Minn. Resident of 
Truman. !Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 2, 1918, 
as jtrivate in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Mobile X'eterinary 
I'nit No. 6. 6th Division, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., July 7, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July --. 1918. Engaged at Haute- Alsace Sector and Meuse- 
.\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 30, 1919, and held in service 
fur medical treatment account of physical disability. Discliarged 
at Ft- Sheridan, 111., Feb. 14. 1919. with disability 25 per cent. 



CHESLEY, Albert B. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Geo. M. Chesley. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Aug. 1 1, 1900. at Manyaska Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Resident of Rolling Green Twp., same county, when enlisted at 
Minneapolis. Minn., Oct. 11, 1918, for aviation mechanic in S. 
A. T. C, at University of Minnesota. Discharged Dec. 18, 1918 
at Minneai^olis. Minn. 



CARPENTER, Lloyd Abraham. (7) Corporal. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Lee Carpenter, Webster, S. D. 
Born at Lattimer, Iowa, May i8. 1890. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 
1918. as private in Field Remount Service. N. .\. Trained at 
Dun woody Institute, .Minneapolis. Minn. Assigned to 345 th 
Field Remount Squadron, at Camp Johnson, Jacksonville, Fla. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Oct. 10, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
pool, England. Oct. 26. 19 18. Athletic instructor, .\ssigned to 
-an army athletic show that appeared in rive European countries. 
Returned to U. S. June 6, 19 19, and discharged at Camp Lee, 
\'a., June 10. 1919. 



CARVER, Walter Forest. (S) Second Lieutenant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Car\cr, Ce\l(m, Minn. 

Born at Castania, Iowa, June i8th, 18S9. Several years National 
Guard service. Served on Mexican border with Co. E 2nd Jlinn. 
Inf., 19 16-17. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when called to 
federal service from National Ciuard on July 15, 1917, as a 
sergeant in infantry. .Married wliile in service at Camp Cody, 
N. M. Assigned to Co. E i36tli Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, 
N. M. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 6, 1918. Arrived 
at Brest, France, April 16. 191 8. Transferred to 41st Div. O. 
il. C. at St. Aignan. I'rance. Transferred to .:\rmy Candidate 
School at Longres, France, and commissioned 2nd lieut. Sept. 25, 
1918. On detached service with 88th Div. Assigned as instructor 
at Army Candidate School. Longres, France. Oct. 21, 1918. As- 
signed to Co. .\ 350th Inf., SStli Div. Engaged against the 
enemy on Bel fort Sector. Returned to U. S. April 16, 1919. 
Discharged April 24. 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



CHRISTIAN, George S. (!>) Master Signal Elec- 
trician. Son of Mr. ami Mrs. John Christian, Co- 
loma, Wisconsin, 
liorn Sept. 24. 1892, at Coloma, Wis. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
when enlisted at Minneapolis, May 4, 1917, as private in aviation 
service, I^egular Army. Assigned to 4nth Aero Squadron and 
trained at Kelly Field, Texas, and Mt. Clemens, Michigan. Trans- 
ferred to 169th Aero Squadron at Dallas. Texas. Successively 
promoted corporal, sergeant, and master signal electrician. Km- 
harked from Hoboken, X. J.. Keb. 16, 1918. Arrived at Liver- 
pool, Kngland, March 4, 1918. Served at Andover, England, 
Airdrome and School of Xaval Aviation and Bomb Dropping 
from March 4. to julv 20, 1918. Arrived LeHavre. France. 
Tulv 23, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Vrgonne. 
Returned to U. S. May i, 1919. Discharged May 21, 1919, at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

CHRISTIAN, Joe W. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Cliristian, Coloma, Wisconsin. 
Born at Coloma, Wis. Oct. 6, 1894. Resident of Waverly Twp., 
Martin Countv, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
1918. as private in infantry, X. .\. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
and assigned to Co. C, 341st Inf., 86th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. L, Aug. 28, 1918, arriving at Liverpool Sept. 9. 
1918, and in " France a few days later. Soon after reaching 
France he was sent to the front with replacement troops and 
joined Co. F 354th Inf.. 89th Div., In the Argonnes. Severely 
gassed (mustard) in Argonnes Oct. 25, 1918. In hospital 3 
months. Returned to V. S. March 25, 1919, discharged April 
25, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



99 



CHRISTIAN, O. C. (1) Private. 

IJurii in 1894. Resident of Frost. Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. 
as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
at Camp Cody. N. M. Sent overseas in June, 191S and as- 
signed to another command. Xo further record. 



M. L. (::;) Sergeant. 



CHRISTENSEN, Andrew 

Widower, one child. 
Born Nov. 6, 1892, at Silkeborg. Denmark. Resident of Fair- 
mont. Minn., when inducted at that place April 6. 191S. as private 
in air service. N. A., hut assigned to Ordnance Corps. As- 
signed to Battery A, 12th Regiment, Field Artillery Replacement 
Depot, at Camp Jackson, S. C, after training at University of 
Cincinnati, Ohio. Discharged Feb. 6, 19 19. 



26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to recruit 
training unit at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Discharged on account 
physical disability Aug. 10, igi8. 



CLIFFORD, Henry William. (10) Private. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. James Clifford, Guckeen. Minn. 

Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp.. Martin County, Minn., July 30, 
i8g6. Resident of Guckeen. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., June 25, igi8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. B 344th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
in France to Co. C 317th Inf., Soth Div. Embarked from 
lioboken. N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
Sept. 22, 1918. Engaged at Verdun front, Oct. 24, 1918. Re- 
turned to U. S. Dec. 16, 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Jan. II, 1919. 



CHRISTENSEN, Iven Helmer. (a) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Christensen, Ormsby, Minn. 

Born at Martin County. Minn., Oct. 9, 1895. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when inducted at that place April 29, 19 18, as 
private, N. A. Assigned to Co. E 313th Supply Train, 88th 
Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Aug. 24, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 5, 1918. Dislocated hip in 
line of duty. Returned to U. S. Dec. 20, 1918. and discharged 
Jan. 1 1, 1919. 



CHRISTENSEN, Jens Andreas. (4) Private First 
Class. Son of Mrs. Anna Christensen, Bryriip, 
Denmark. 

Born at Funder, Denmark, May 17. 1S91. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp 
AVadsworthj S. C. Embarked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29, 
1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12. 1918. Engaged at 
Meuse-Arponne. Returned to U. S. June 28, 1919. discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., July 5, 1919. 



CHRISTIANSON, Harold Edwin. (.5) Corporal. 

Si.m of Air. and Mrs. John Christianson. Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 31, 1896, resided there wlien in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. u, 1918, as private in Motor 
Transport Corps, Regular Army. Assigned to Co. F 2nd Bn., 
at Indianapolis, Indiana, Discharged December 11, igiS. 



CLAUSEN, Axel R. C. (6) Private First Class. Son 

of Hans J. Clausen, Rocliester, Minn. 

Born at Goldfield. Iowa, Dec. 27, 1894. Resident of Rolling 
Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 24, 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Ilq. 
Co., ,Hist Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
in France to Advance G. H. O. as military police. Embarked 
from lioboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Sept. 26, 1018. Returned to U. S. July 10, 19 19, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 16, 1919. 



CLEMETSON, Theodore. (7) Private First Class. 

Sun of Mr. and Mrs. E. Clemctson, l-'reeborn, 
Minn. 

Born at Freeborn, !Minn., Aug. 20, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place May 27, 1918, as private in 
artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery C 39th Field Artillery 13th 
Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
March 5, 1919 



CLIFFORD, Edwin Joseph. (8) Private. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. James Clitford, Guckeen, Minn. 
Born Nov. 14, 1896, at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, 
Minn., and resident thereof when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., 
Aug. 15, 19 1 8, as private (student mechanic), Regular Army. 
Assigned to 2nd Co. at University of Minnesota, for training. 
Transferred to Co. 2, Ordnance Camp, at Penniman, Va. Dis- 
charged Jan. 22, 1919. 



CLIFFORD, Frank M. (») Private. Son of Mr. 
and Airs. James Clifford, of Guckeen, Minn. 

Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Sept. 24, 1S89, 
and resident tliereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 



COLE, Vernie Russell. (U) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. T. C. Cole, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Minnesota Lake, Minn., March 20, 1891. Resident of 
Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15, 
191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Originally assigned to Tank 
Corps, at Camp Colt, Gettyshurg. Pa. Transferred to Co. G 12th 
Depot Bn., Camp Alfred Vail, X. J. fJischarged Jan. 22, 1919. 



CONLIN, Arthur. (1:2) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Nick Conlin, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born at Erwin. Iowa, .Sept. 10, 1895. Resident of Lake Belt 
Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont., Minn., Feb. 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L 3Sist 
Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Tarnsferred to Co. B 1 :gth 
Inf., 20th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J.. May II, 1918, arriving at Callias, France, May 30, 1918. 
Engaged at Belcourt. Cambria and St. Quentin. .-Mso on lines in 
Ypres sector, Belgium. Partook of all battles and campaigns of 
30th Div. Wounded by rifle bullet through right lung, coming 
out at left of spine under left shoulder, Oct. 18, 1918. In 
various hospitals in France, England and U. S. until discharged. 
Returned to U. S. Dec. 23. 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Feb. 15, 1919. 



COOK, Burns Elwood. (i:i) Private. Son of Alonzo 

S. C.r.k. 
Lived in family of .\. N. Fancher, Center Creek Twp., Martin 
County, where he was born May 29. 1895. Resident of Center 
Creek Twp., when enlisted in Maj;, 1917, at Denver, Colo. 
Sent to Camp Kearney, Calif., and assigned to Co. C, 157th Inf., 
40th Div. Embarked in May, 1918. No information as to 
engagements and dates but he was severely gassed in July, 1918, 
and wounded the following month. Recovered from his injuries 
and after demobilization of his command re-enlisted in the Regu- 
lar .\rmy. Still in service Sept. i, 1920. 



COOK, Donald H. (14) Private First Class. Son 

of -Mrs. -Vgnes M. Cook, Fairmont. .Minn. 
Born Nov. 9, 1891, at Amboy, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 24, 1918, as a private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 349th Inf., Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 32nd Eng., Camp Grant. 111. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., June 15. 191S. -Arrived at Brest. 
I'"rance. June 22, 1918. Returned to U. S.. June 9, 1919. Dis- 
charged June 17, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 



COOK, Walter Kieth. (15) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Walter C. Cook, Pulaski, Iowa. 
Born at Dubuque, Iowa, April 6, 1896. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred in France to Co. M 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Nov. I, 1918. With .Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
Aug. 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .Aug. 13, 1919- 



CORDES, Carl G. (Hi) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Cordes, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Sept. 3, 1893, at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at_ Fairmont on 
May 17, 191S, as a private in engineers, N. .\. -Assigned to Co. 
-M, 34th Eng., at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Indiana. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 16, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
France, Sept. 3, 1918. .Arrived in U. S. July 27, 1919. Dis- 
charged Aug. 4, 1 9 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



101 



CORDES, Henry Herman. (1) Private. Son of .Mr. 
and Mrs. John Corcles, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born .-\pril 24. 1898, at Pleasant Prairie Twp,. Martin County. 
Minn. r<tsident of Pairmont, Minn,, when enlisted at Fairmont. 
Minn., March 2S. 1918, as piivatc in Coast .\rtillery Corps. 
Assigned to 67th Field .\rtillery at Ft. Scott, Calif. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., .\ug. 26. 1918. arriving at Brest. F'mnce, 
Sept. 3, 1918. Was on transport .Mt. X'ernon when torpedoed 
off French Coast, Sept. 3, 1918. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, March 20. 1919. 



CORY, Keith E. c.'i Private First Class. Son of 

.Mr. and -Mrs. Geo. .A. Corj-, Fairmont, .Minn. 
Born at that place May 9, 1902 and resident thereof when en- 
listed July 2, 1908, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., as private in 
Quartermaster Corps, Regular .\rmy, .Xssigned to 321st Mobile 
Laundry Unit at Washington, f). C. Embarked from Hoboken. N. 
J., SciJt. 1. 191S, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 13. 1918. Re- 
turned to U. S. July 12, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, July 19, 1919. .-\ge at enlistment 16 years, i month and 
23 days. The youngest soldier enlisted from Martin County. 



CORY, Quimby A. (P,) Private. Son of .Mr. and 
Mrs. Geo. .A. Cory, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at F'airmnnt, Minn., May I. 1899, and resided when enlisted 
at I'^airmont. .\'ov. 24, 1917, as private in aviation. Regular Army. 
.Assigned to 607th .\ero .Squadron. Ft. Wayne, Detroit, Mich. 
Transferred to San .\ntonio, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Jan. 2^, 19 19. 



CULSHAW, Robert, c.i) Corporal. Born in 1896. 

Served with Co. I'- 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. 
Resident of Wells, ^linn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont, Miiui.. July 15, 1917, as corjjoral in 
infantry. .Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Oiv.. at Camp Cody, 
N. M. Went overseas in Oct., 1918. Was there transferred to 
another command. Returned and discharged in summer of 1919. 
No further record. 



CURRIER, Cyrus P. (Hi) Private. Son of C. W. 
Currier, Wauna, Oregon. 

Born May 10, 1896. at Buffalo, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., and inducted at that place May 17, 1918, as private 
in engineers. N. A. .Assigne'd to Co. A, 34th Eng., at Ft. Ben- 
jamin Harrison, Ind. Transferred to Co. M 34th Eng. Em- 
barked from Hoboken. N. J., .Aug. 16, 1918. .Arrived at LeHavre, 
France, Sept. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S., July 27, 1919. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 4, 1919. 



CURTIS, Thomas Henry. (11) Second Lieutenant. 

Son of ilr. and -Mrs. B. H. Curtis, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 5, 1888, resided there when en- 
listed at that place March 9, 1918. as private in aviation section, 
signal reserve corps. i\'. A. .Assigned to school of military 
aeronautics at .Atlanta, Ga. Transferred to Cam 1 Dick, Dallas, 
Texas, and later to Kelly I-'ield, Texas, where he was commis- 
sioned. Remained on dutv at Kelly Field until discharged at 
that place Feb. 3, 19 19. 



COULT, Lyman Harris. (4) Private. Son of .Mr. 

and Mrs. J. H. Coult, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 2, 1900, and resided when en- 
listed at Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 15, 1918, in S. A. T. C. 
Trained at University of Minnesota. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Dec. 18, 1918. 



CRAIG, Claude A. (5) Sergeant. 

Born ill 1894. SLTved on Mexican bonier in 1917-18 with Co. 
E 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of (Juthrie. Okla., when called to 
federal service from Xational Guard at Tairmont, Minn.. July 
15, 1917. as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E i36lh Inf., 
34th Div.. at Camp Cody, X. M. Went overseas in Oct.. 1918, 
transferred to another command. Xo further record. 



CRONIN, Earl. ((>) Private. Parents deceased. 

r.orn at lUirlin^tini. X. J., July 1. 1895. Fiesident of Fair- 
mont. Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service 
at that place July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
to 109th Field Signal Battalion, 34th Div., and later on account 
of physical disability to Development Battalion, Camp Cody, N. 
M. Discharged for disability at Cami) Cody, N. M., Aug. 13. 
19 18. Awarded compensation for disability in line of duty and 
patient in government hospital for several months after discliarge. 



CROOKER, Harold Nason. (7) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Crocker, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairnunt, Minn., Oct. 24, 1897. Employed at Washing- 
ton, p. C., wlien inducted at Washington, D. C, Sei)t. 2, 1918, 
as private, general service, 5,'. A. Assigned to jra Casual De- 
tachment, 155th Depot Brigade, at Camp Lee. \'a. Transferred 
to Chemical Warfare Service, Research Laboratories, at \Vash- 
ington, D. C. Engaged in studying and perfecting gasses for 
offensive purposes, labor which involved being gassed more or 
less seriously almost daily. Discharged Dec. 18, 1918, at Wash- 
ington, D. C. 



CROOKER, Sylvan Jay. (8) First Lieutenant. Son 

I'f Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Crooker, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont. Minn., July 3, 1893. Resident of Wash- 
ington. D. C, em iloyed by the Bureau of Standards, when com- 
rnissioned from civil life as first lieutenant July 18, 1918. As- 
signed to the Signal Corps and engaged in important duties in 
the Radio Laboratories at Camp Alfred \'ail. X. J. Author of 
technical publications adopted as text books by the war depart- 
ment. Assisted in the perfection of wireless telephone apparatus. 
Discharged Feb. i, 1919. and immediately re-employed by the 
government in the same lines of research. 



DAFFER, Freeman Walter. {]2) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. John I. Daffer, F'airm.int, Minn. 
I'..»rn Feb. 5, 1S96. at Dell Rapids, S. D. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when enlisted May 10, 1917, at JetTerson Barracks, Mo., 
as private in Regular Army. Assigned to Co. F, 2nd Engineers, 
2nd Div. Trained at Camp Baker, Texas. Transferred to the 
30th Engineers in France and later to the tank service. Em- 
barked from Xew York. Sejit. 10. 19 17, arriving abroad Oct. 4, 
1917. In action with army troops at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to V. S. in April, 19 19, and discharged at 
Camp Grant, III., April 23, 1919. 



DAFFER, Ray Harold, (i;:) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Jolm I. IJaffer, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born April 8, 1892, at Dell Rapids, S. D. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B. 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp 
Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Xewfjort News. \'a., Aug. 28, 
1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 11, 1 9 1 8. Engaged in 
Meuse-Argonne offensive. Evacuated for illness Oct. 22. 1918, 
five months in hospital. Returned to U. S. .April 18. 1919 and 
discharged for disability April 28, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



DAHNKE, Louis A. (14) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
h'rieda Dahnke. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Sept. i. 1888. Previously 
served three years in the Regular Army. Served in China and 
made trip around world. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Jtme 25, 
1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. H 341, S6th Div., 
at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., Sept. 2, 
19 18, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 19 18. Returned 
to U. S. May. 19 19, discharged May 22, 1919. at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 



DAMGAARD, John Theador H. (Lj) Private. Par- 
ents deceased. 
Born at Lemvig. Denmark, April 16, 1S96. Resident of Rolling 
Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 25, T918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
D 343rd Inf., 86th Div.. at Camn Grant. 111. Transferred in 
France to Co. L 162nd Inf., 41st Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. J., Sept. 14, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 21, 1918. Returned 
to U. S. Feb. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., March 
31. 19 19. 



DAMMANN, Christian John. (16) Private. Son of 

Mr. and .Mrs. C. \V. Dammann, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Alay 25, 1900, at Jackson, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn.. Oct. 14. 1918, as private 
in S. A. T. C. at Hamline University, St. Paul, Minn., where he 
was discharged Dec. 16, 1918. 



103 



~] 




DAMMANN, Henry, (l) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. C, W . Danimann, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Jackson, Minn., Aug. i. 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
that place July 15. 191 7, as private of infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
in France to Co. D 11 6th Motor Truck Train, 41st Div., later 
to Group D, Sec. 15. Repair Unit 328 Motor Transport Corps. 
Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. April 6. 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France. April 15, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel offensive. Re- 
turned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
July 24, 1919. 



DANIELS, Earling Blaine. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 

and ]\Irs. Wm. M. Daniels. Elk City, Oregon. 

Born at Faribault County, Minn., Jan. 18, 1894. Resident of 
Ouckeen. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 
25, 19 1 8. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 
343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Ho- 
token, X. J., Sept. 13, igrS, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. 
28, 191S. Returned to U. S. Dec. 21, 1918, and discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 11. 1919. 



DAVEY, Louis Edward, ( :; ) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. H. I. Davey. Welcome. Minn. 

Born Oct. 29, 1896, at Pickering, Mo. Resident of Fox Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at St. I'aul. Minn., Aug. 
15, 1918. as private in ordnance corps. Regular Army. Trained 
at State Farm School, U. of M., Minneapolis. Minn. Served 
three months at Camp Penniman, Va., and three months at 
C"anip Robinson, Wis. Discharged at Camp Robinson, Wis., 
Ai>ri! 12, 1919. 



DAVIS. Clarence Edgar. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. J. M. Da\ is, Ceylon. Minn. 

Born at Green Hill, Ind., in 1888. Employed at Rochester. Minn., 
when inducted at that place July 24, 1918, as private in infantry. 
N. A. .\ssigned to Co. H. 3rd Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, 
S. C. Embarked from Xewport Xews, \"a.. .\ug. 30. 1918, ar- 
riving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Regiment was attached 
to the First French Army and engaged at Meuse-.Xrgonne, for 
which it was cited by the French government. Returned to U. S. 
July 2;^, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 6, 19 19. 



DAVIS, Nord W. (5) Corporal. Son of Mrs. Ma- 
tilda Davis, Fairmont. Minn. 
Resided at Fairmont when enlisted Oct. 14, igi8, at .St. Paul, 
Minn., as private in S. A. T. C. Trained at Hamline University, 
St. Paul, Minn., where he was discharged I')ec. 11, 19 18. 



DAY, Horace Willard. ((i) Second Lieutenant. Son 

of Frank A. Day, Fairmont. .Minn. 
Born Feb. 4. 1896, at Fairmont, where he resided when enlisted 
in 1st Officers Training Camp, Ft. Snelling. Minn., May 15. 
IQ17. Commissioned Aug. 15. 1917, and assigned to 352nd Inf.. 
S8th Div.. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. G. 5th 111. 
Inf.. at Camp Logan, Texas, later Co. C 123rd Machine Gun Bn.. 
33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 15. 1918. ar- 
riving at Brest, France, May 27. 1918. With his division while 
attached to the British Army in Somme Offensive, June 14 to 
Aug. 27, 1918. Also engaged at Meuse-Argonne and Merche- 
ville, where he was seriously gassed in a raid Nov. 10, 1918. 
Contracted meningitis in hospital while being treated for gas. 
in hospital until discharged with 15 per cent disability, which 
rating was later increased. Probably permanently disabled. Re- 
turned to U. S. .\pril 7. 1919, and discharged at Camp Dix, 
N. J.. April 18, 1919. Recommended for citation for gallantry 
in action. 

DAY, Marcus F. (7 ) Second Lieutenant. Son of 

Frank A. Day, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 18, 1890. where he resided when 
called to federal service from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as 
private in infantry. Assigned to Hq. Det., 68th Inf. Brigade, 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Commissioned in 4th Reserve 
Officers Training School at Camp Cody, N. M., Aug. 26, 19 18, 
and assigned to Co. I, i54th Inf.. 34th Div. .\ttached in France 
to 6oth Co.. -.\rmy Service Corps, at Bordeaux, France. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 1918. arriving at Cher- 
bourg, France. Oct. 26. 191S. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Aug. 13, 1919. 

DEAN, Robert Lewis. (S) Second Lieutenant, Son 
of Judge and Mrs. E. C. Dean, Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at Pipestone, ilinn., Dec. 19, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted in Reserve Officers Training Camp at Ft. 
Snelling, Minn., Aug. 27, 1917. Commissioned 2nd Lieut, of 
artillery. Xov. 27, 1917. Assigned to 342nd Field Artillery, Sgth 



Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Transferred successively to 
artillery units at Camp Jackson, S. C, and Camp Taylor. Ky. 
Graduated from School of Fire at Ft. Sill. Okla., and recom- 
mended for promotion Nov. 8, 1918. Discharged at Camp Jack- 
son, S. C. Dec. 5. 1918. 



DECKER, William Nick. (9) Private. Parents de- 
ceased. 

Born at Chicagu. 111., May 23, 1895. Resident of Rutland Twp., 
^Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 27, 
1918, as private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. H, 350th 
Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. H, 
117th Inf., 30th Div., at Camn Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
?Ioboken, N. J., May 9. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
May 24. 191 8. Engaged at Ypres, Cambria and St. Quentin. 
Wounded, right arm and elbow, at St. Onentin. Sept. 29, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. April 18, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, April 28, 1919- 



DEERING, Frank A. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. I'* rank Deering, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County. July 9. 1897. Em- 
ployed at Reeder, N. D.. when inducted at that place April, 19 18. 
Sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to Co. B, 315th Engs. 
Embarked June, 1918. Served in France. Returned to U. S. 
and discharged at Camp Dodge. June, 1919- 



DEINHART, Charley, (ill Private First Class. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. Cliark-s Dcinhart, Granada. Minn. 

Born Nov. 20, 1S94, at Elmore. Minn. Resident of Fairmont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., as a 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf.. 8Sth 
Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. H, 131st Inf., 
33rd Div.. at Camp Logan, Texas. Transferred to 22nd Bn., 
U. S. Guards. Camp Stanley, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Feb. 18, 1919. 



DEUNSING, Elmer Fred. (1:^) Private. Son of 

Goo. l)eunsin,u. Crete. 111. 
Born June 13, 1894, at Knglewood. 111. Resident of Rolling 
Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 3, igi8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to limited 
duty, camp units, at Camp Grant. III. Physically disqualified 
for overseas service. Discharged at Camp Grant, III., Feb. 

12, IQIQ. 

DeVRIES, John Fred, (lii) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Charlotte DeVries, Truman. Minn. 

Born at Seney, Iowa, April 27, 1897. Resident of Xashville 
Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
22, 1918. as private in engineers. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
and assigned to Engineer Training Company at Camp Forrest, 
Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919- 



DEWEY, George Willard. (14) Captain. Parents 
deceased. 

Born at Marshal, Wis., Aug. 26, 1871. Married, four children. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Tuly 16, 1917, as ist Lieut, in Medical Corps. Assigned to 
Medical Officers Training Camp at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J.. Anril 29. 19 18, arriving at Bordeaux, 
France, May 14, 1918. Served at various posts in France in 
an important capacity until June 7, 1919- Worked on examining 
and disability boards. Served as Summary Court Officer. Senior 
medical officer on Transport returning to U. S. Arrived back 
in U. S., Tune 18, 1919. After 20 days' leave reported to Camp 
Grant, Ilh, for hernia operation July 8, 1919- Discharged at 
Camp Grant, 111., Aug. 15, 1919- 



DIBBLE, Ray Bernard. (15) Battalion Sergeant-Ma- 

jor. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Henrj^ Dibble. Gran- 
ada, Minn. 

Born at Granada. Minn., May 14. 1897, resided there when called 
from National Guard to federal service July 15, 1917. as private 
in infantrv. Assigned to Co. E. 136M1 Inf., 34th Div., Camp 
Cody, X. 'M. Transferred to Hq. Det., Hq. Western Depart- 
ment, San Francisco. Calif. Discharged Jan. 8, 1919- 



DICKMAN, Willie. (IG) Private. Son of D. F. Dick- 
man, Welcome, Minn. 
Resident of Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 25. 1918, as private in nifantry, N. A. 
Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., and assigned to duty with the 
Quartermaster Corps. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 
21, 1918. 



105 



DIEHL, Alvin L. (1) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

I'Ved Dielil. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 21, 1894. and resident thereof 
when inducted, Teb. 25, 1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. F, 33rd Engineers at Camp Devens, Mass. 
Transferred in France to Co. A 72nd Engineers. Embarked 
frm Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 30, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France. 
Oct. 13. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 11. 1919, and discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. July 25, 1919. 



DIEHL, Ulysses Ralph. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Fred Diehl. Fairmont. Minn. 
Married, one child. Born at Fairmont, Minn., .\pril 12. 1892. 
and was a resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, 
July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. .\, Assigned to Co. II 
.2nd Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Transferred to 
Butcher Company, at Jacksonville, Florida. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 30, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 
13, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 5, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, May 19, 19 19. 

DIEKMAN, Edward Carl. O) Wagoner. Son ol 
-Mr. and Mrs. Henry Diekman. Wtdcomc. Minn. 

Horn at Welcome, Minn.. Dec. 26, 1893. and resided when en- 
listed at Mankato, Minn., May 27, 1918, as private in infantry, 
\. A. Assigned to Supply Co., 362nd Inf., 9 ist Div., Caniii 
Lewis, Wash. Embarked from llobuken, N. J.. July 5, 19 18. 
arriving at Liverpool, England. July 17. 1918. Engaged at St. 
Mihiel. Meuse-Argonne and Lys- Scheldt. Returned to U. S. 
.\pril 14, 1919, discharged April 28, 1919. at Camji Dodge. Iowa. 



DIEKMAN, Louis Henry. (4) Private. S..n of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry Diekman, Welcome. Minn. 
Resided at Welcome when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 29, 
191 8. as private in artillery. Regular Army. Assigned to 
Battery E, 50th Regt., Coast Artillery Replacement Troops at 
Camp Eustis, Va. Embarked from Camp Stuart, \'a.. Oct. 7, 
1918, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 20. 19 18. Returned to 
V. S. Feb. 14, 19 19. discharged Feb. 27, 19 19. 



DITSWORTH, Lawrence Edward. (5) Private. 

S(tn I if I'eter Ditsworth. (iranada. 

Born at Stevenson County, III.. Jan. 14, 1892. Resident of East 
Chain Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., June 25, 1918. as private in artillery, N. A. Sent to 
Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Battery X, 331st Field .\rtillery. 
86th Div., and trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. I-Lmbarked from 
Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 15, 1918, arriving at Liver[)ool, England. 
Sept. 29, 19 1 8. Returned to LT. S. Aug. 25, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 31, 19 19. 



DITTMAN, Otto Herman, d.) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Gustav Dittman. Waupaca, Wiscon- 
sin. 

Born at \\'aupaca. Wis., March 24, 1896. Resident of Lind. 
Wis., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camn Dodge, Iowa, thence 
to Camp Cody, N. M., and assigned to Co. I*", i35tli Inf., 34th 
Div. Transferred to Co. I, 30th Inf., 3rd Div., in I*"rance. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving abroad 
July 10, 1918. In following engagements: Aisue-Marne Offen- 
sive, \ esle Sector, St. Miliiel, ^teuse-Argonne. Wounded Oct. 
9, 1918. Returned to L^. S. Aug. 2^, 1919, and discharged Aug. 
29, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111., 



I A. S.) at Paris, France, remaining on duty there with French 
Army until March, 1919. Returned to U. S. July 7, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, la., July 15, 1919. 



DONOVAN, George James. (0) Private. Son ot 

Mr. and Mrs. I). L. Donovan, Trnman. Minn. 
Born at Sherburn. Minn., Oct. 29, 1896. Resident of W'estford 
Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
5. 1918, as private in infantry. X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
for training. Assigned to Co. B 57th Inf., 15th Div., at Camp 
Logan, Texas. Transferred to 19th Casual Recruit Co. at Ft. 
Logan, Colorado. Discharged Feb. 4, 1919. 



DOROTHY, Glen Giles. (10) Musician Third Class. 

Srin of Mr. and Mrs. \\\ II. Dorothy, Fairmont, 
Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., May 12, 1888, and resided when in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, igi8, as private, general 
service, X. A. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co. 313th Sanitary 
train, 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa, Transferred in France 
to band of 349th Inf., 88th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Aug. 18, 1918, arriving at LeIIavre, France, Sept. 5, 1918. En- 
gaged at Belfort Sector. Returned to L^. S. May 28. 1919, dis- 
charged at t"ami» Dodge, Iowa, June 1 1, 1919. 



DOUGHERTY, Frank Edward. (11) Private. Son 

of Mrs. F. \V. DouLilierty. Litcliiield, Minn. 
Born at Litchfield, Minn., Dec. 30, 1891. Resident of Fairmont 
when enlisted as private in infantry, R. O. T. C. Assigned later 
to Hn. Co. 338th F. .\.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Trans- 
ferred to 307th Ammunition Train, 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, 
Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, .\. J., .\pril 17, 1918, arriving at 
LeIIavre, h'rance. May i, 1918. Engaged at Chateau-Thierry. 
St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed in October, 19 18, in 
Argonne. Returned to V. S. June ist, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Liwa. July t, 1919. 

DRAGER, John August, (i:.*) Private. Parents de- 
ceased. 

Married. Born at Will County. 111., May 5, 1887. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25. 1918, as 
private in infantry. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf., 86th Div., at 
Camp Grant. 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918. 
arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 2;^, 1918. Returned to U. 
S. June 27, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 8, i9i9' 



DRAKE, Harry M. ii;:) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. J. D. Drake, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Sept. 18. 1896. Resi- 
dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., 
Dec. 8, 1917. as private in aviation. Regular Army. .\ssigned 
to 378th Aero Squadron at Waco, Texas. Transferred to 666th and 
later to 356th St|uadron at New York. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. J., Mav 21, igi8, arriving at Liverpool. England, May 31, 
1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 11, 1919. discharged at Camp 
Dodge. Iowa, Dec. 28, 1919. 

DREWES, Fred William. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. F. H. Drewes, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Oct. 10, 1895, at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, 
where he resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 
19 1 8. Assigned to Depot Brigade at Camp Grant, HI. Trans- 
ferred to Replacement Troops at Camp MacArthur. Texas. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 23, 1919- 



DOMS, Wesley Edward. (7) Sergeant. Son of Dr. 
and Mrs. W'ni. Doms, Woodstock, Minn., where he 
was born in 1894. 

Resident of Slayton, Minn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in 
infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, 
arrivii.g at LeIIavre, France, July 11, 1918. .Attached to Army 
General Staff College at Army Schools Hq.. France. Passed 
examination and recommended for commission just before armis- 
tice. Returned to \J. S. July 5, 1919, discharged at Camp Mills, 
X. v., July 17, 1919. 



DONOVAN, Edward F. (s) Private First Class. 
Son of D. L. Donovan, Truman, Minn. 

Born Dec. 22, 1892. at Sioux City, Iowa. Resident of W'estford 
Twp., Martin County, when niducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
II, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, HI., 
and from there to Ft. Riley, Kansas, where he was assigned to 
Provisional Ambulance Company B. Transferred to Replacement 
Co. 48. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., Sept. 16, igi8, arriving 
at Glasgow, Scotland, Sept. 29, 1918. Assigned to U. S. A. 



DREWES, Henry Fred, (i:.) Private, Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. F. H. Drewes, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County,^ Aug. 5, 1895, 
and resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
May 26, 1918, as private in artillery. Sent to Camp Lewis, 
Wash., and there assigned to Hq. Co. 144th Field Artillery, 
40th Div., at Camp Kearney. Calif. Embarked from New 
York, Aug. 15. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. i, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Jan. 3, T919. discharged at Presidio, Calif.. 
Jan. 25. 19 19. 

DUNCAN, Dolphy H. (Hi) Private. Son of Mrs. 

.Mar\- Duncan, Fairmont, .Minn. 
I'orn at Thorpe, Iowa, March r, 1899. Resident of Fairmont 
when called to federal service from National Guard at that place 
Inly 15, 1917, as private of infantry, .-\ssigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France 
to Co. C, 306th Inf.. 77th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
June 2y, 1918, arriving at LeIIavre, France, July 16, 1918, En- 
gaged at .\lsace.Lorraine sector, Oise-Aisne. Vesle and Meuse- 
.\rgonne. Returned to U. S. April 26, 19 19, discharged May 
20, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 



107 










ill 



DUKES, Amos. (1) Private. Son of Ulysses Dukes, 
Kcwana. Indiana, where he was born March lU, 

Resident of Galena Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
mont. Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. As- 
signed to Co. 5, i6ist Depot Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Dis- 
charged at Camp Grant Dec. 7, 1918. 



DUVAL, Logan A. (:•) Private. Son of C. W. Du^ 

val, formerly of Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County. Oct. 24, 1891. 
Employed at Milnor, X. D., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. 
Sept. 5, 1918. and sent to Camp Grant, 111. Three weeks later 
was transferred to Camp Hancock, Ga., and assigned to iqth 
Co., 2nd Training Group. Transferred to 20th Prov. Training 
Co., at Camp Johnson, Ga. Discharged about Jan. i, 1919. 



EBELING, Frederick D. (;;) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Henry Ebeling, Triumph. Minn. 

Born at O'Brien County, Iowa, Dec. 25, 1895. Resident of Cedar 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. May 
zy, T918, as private in X. A. .-\ssigncd to Co. M, 364th Inf., 
91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. ICmbarked from Iloboken, N. 
J., July 12, 19 1 8, arriving at LeIIavre. France, July 22, igi8. 
Engaged at St. Miliiel, ^leuse- Argon ne and in Flanders. Four 
months in hospital with illness following influenza. Disabled at 
discharge. Returned to U. S. March .s 1 . 1919, discharged at 
Ft. Snelling, Minn., July 22, 1919. 



ECKERSON, Carl A. (4) Private. Son of L. O. 

Eckerson, South Bend, Kansas. 
Born at Stillwater, Okla.. Oct. 24. 1896. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17. as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 135th Inf., 34th 
Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. K, 
30th Inf., 3rd Div. Embarked from Iloboken. N. J., July 28, 
191 8, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 15, 19 18. Engaged in 
Aisne-Marne Offensive, ^'esle, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
Wounded in head, severely, Oct. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
Aug. 2z, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 28, 1919. 



ECKMANN, Henry John. (:.) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Martin Eckmann, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont. Oct. 22. 1918, as private in engineers, 
N. A. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co.. Camp Forrest, 
Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919. 



private in Quartermaster Corps, N. A. Assigned to Auxiliary 
Remount Xo. 326 at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged for disa- 
bility in line of duty April 19, 1918, at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Re-enlisted in California Xational Guard (in federal service). 
May j6, 1918. Placed in reserve Jan. 15. 1919. 



EDWARDS, John, ill)) Private. Born in 1886. 

Resident of Madelia, Minn., when called to federal service from 
Xational Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in 
infantry. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, X. M. Was transferred to another command and served 
overseas. Returned in 19:9. X^o further record. 



EDWARDS, Kenneth F. (11) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. ami .Mrs. E. J. Edwards, Fairmont. Minn., 
where he was l)orn March 14, 1896. and resided when enlisted 
at Ft. Snelling. Minn., Tune 5. 191". as sergeant in Quarter 
master Cori^s, X. A. Assigned to Truck Co. 130 at Ft. Snelling, 
Minn. Transferred to Co. D 32nd Engineers at Camp Grant, 
111. Transferred to Truck 10, 23rd Engineers in France. Em^ 
barked from Hoboken. N. J.. June 15, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, June 22. iqiS. Engaged in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 
Demoted from sergeant twice at own request to transfer to 
combat outfits. Discharged as jirivate ist class. Returned to 
U. S. July 9, 1919, and discharged July 18, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. 



EDWARDS, William James. U') Private First 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Edwards, Fair- 
mont, Minn. 

Resident of Fairmont Twp.. when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. 
L. 364 th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked 
from Hoboken. X. J., July 12, 1918. ,\r rived at LeIIavre, 
France, July 22. 191S. Engaged as follows: St. Mihiel. Meuse- 
Argonne, Lys-Ypres. Slightly gassed. Returned to U. S. March 
31, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 19 19, 



EHN, Gust E. (LM Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

C. A. Ehn, SmoUannberg, Sweden. 
Born in Sweden, April 29, 1893. X^aturalized in the army. 
Resided at Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
April 26, 1918. as a ju'ivate in the medical corps. N. A. Assigned 
to 350th Ambulance Co.. SSth Div.. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, X. J., Aug. 17, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
France. Sept. 4, 1918. Served at the front on Toul sector. Re- 
turned to U. S. April 2, 1919. Discharged April 25, 1919, at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



ECKMANN, William Henry, ((i) Private. Son ot 

Mr. and Mrs. Martin F.ckniann. Fairmont. Minn. 

Uiirn at h'airmnnt Twp., Martin County. Minn., April 19. 1894. 
and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 
26, 1918. as private in infantry, N. .\. .\ssigned to Co. M 364th 
Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at Crest, France, July 21, 191 8. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne offensive Sept. 26. 19 18. Wounded, 
slightly, right shoulder, with shrapnel, Sept. 27. 1918. In hos- 
pital as result of wounds until Dec. 5. 1918. Returned to U. .S. 
Jan. 17, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 2-jy 19 19. 



EDWARDS, Harold George. (7) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. George Edwards. Pukwana, S. D. 
Born April 2, 189S. at Hewitt. Minn. Resident of Winnebago, 
Minn., when called to federal service from .\ational Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34.th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. 
Physically disqualified and discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., 
Dec. 12, 1917. 



EDWARDS, Harrison Pratt. (8) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. H. P. Edwards, Fairniont. Minn. 

Born at Easton. ]\Iinn.. Feb. 8, 1S89. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Oct. 4, 1918. 
as a private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to duty in the 
Camp Adjutant's office at Camp Grant, III. Discharged at Camp 
Grant, Feb. 8, 1919- 



EDWARDS, Jack Cyril. (0) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. E. J. Edwards, Fairmont, Minn., where 

he was born Feb. 14. 1898. 
Previously served in National Guard. Resident of Los Angeles, 
Calif., when enlisted at Camp Cody, N. M., Sept. 17, 1917. ^s* 



EHN. Thure F. (14) Private. Son of :\rr. and Mrs. 
C. A. Ehn. SmoUannberg, Sweden, where he was 
born Nov. .3. 1894. 

X'^aturalized. Resident of East Chain Twp.. Martin County, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. July 26, 1918.. as 
private in infantry, X. ,\. Assigned to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf., 
at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Kmbarked froin Newport Xews. Va., 
Aug. 29. 19)8. .\rrived at Hrest, France. Sept. 12, 19 18. En- 
gaged at Meuse-.\rgonne. With Army of Occupatiqn. Returned 
to U. S. June 26, 1919. Discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 
5, 1919- 



EISENMENGER, Raymond Francis. (i:>) Private, 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. John \V. Eisenmenger, Sher- 
burn, Minn. 

Born at Jay Twp.. Martin County. Oct. 13. 1898. and resident 
of that place when enlisted. March 28, 1918, at Jefferson Bar- 
racks. Mo., as private in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to 
Co. D. igth Inf.. i8th Div.. at Galveston, Texas, later to Co. E. 
same organization, at Lowell. Arizona. Discharged at Lowell, 
Arizona, Aug. 11, 1919. 



EKSTRAND, Arthur L. (16) Private First Class. 

S->n of Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Ekstrand. Sherburn, 

Minn. 
Born Feb. 14, 1899, at Ogden, Iowa. Resident of SJierburn, 
Minn., when called to federal service from Xational Guard at 
Fairmont. Minn.. Tuly i^. 19 17. as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E. H6th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. X. M. Trans- 
ferred in France to Hq. Co.. 124th Field Artillery. 33rd Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France. July 10. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 26. 1919. discharged at Camp- 
Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 



109 



ELLIS, William Alexander. ( i ) First Lieutenant. 
Son of Mrs. Mary J. Ellis, Fairmont. Minn., where 
he was born Oct. :JU. 189:i 

Served three years in Minnesota Xatiu'ial Guard and on Mexi- 
can border, 1916-17, as corporal in Co. M, jnd Minn. Inf. Ue?ident 
of Fairmont. Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Cuard at that place July 15. 1917. as 2nd lieut. of infantry. 
Assigned to Co. K. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. \. M. 
Kmharked from Hoboken. X. J., Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at 
LeIIavre. France. Oct. 30. 19 r 8. Transferred to 19th Inf,, 4th 
Div. With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6. 
1919, Kecomniissioned in regular army and remained in service 
as Personnel Adjutant, 39th Inf. 



ERICSON, August Herbert. ( M ) Second Lieutenant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Cha>. L. Ericson. Guckcen, 
Minn. 

r.orn Xov. 22, 1896, at Pleasant Prairie Twi)., Martin Count>', 
.Minn. Employed at Plattsville, Wis., when enlisted at Masun 
City. Iowa, April 4, 1Q18, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned 
to training company at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Transferred to 
Camp (lordon, Cia., to i Jtli Co., 3rd Training Bn., 1 57th Depot 
Brigade, Camp McClellan. Alabama, and to i8th Co., 5th Recruit 
Bn., same command and station. Commissioned 2nd lieut. Oct. 
15, 1918. Discharged Dec. 7, 1918. 



ERICKSON. C. E. (;j) Private. Horn ISDT. 

Resident <>f Blue Karth, Minn., when called to federal service 
at I-'airmont. Minn.. July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. \i, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, X'. M. 
Was transferred to another command. Wont overseas in 1918 
and served with A. E. i-". Xo further record. 



ERICKSON, Ever L. (4) Chauffeur. Son of :\Irs. 

J I lb 11 L. Erickson, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Oakland. Xeh., Jan. 2u, 1898. ]--mployed at Minneai>oIis, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneaiiolis, Minn,, Xov. 8, 1917. as 
])rivate in air service. Assigned to 151st Aero S(|uadron at Kelly 
h'ield. Texas. Trained at Wilbm Wriglit Field, Dayton. Ohio. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., l'*eb. 26, 19 18. Arrived at 
EiverpoLl, England. March 5, igi8. Served in I'ncland until 
Xov. I. 1918, when transferred to I'rance. Returned to V. S. 
March 7, 19 19. Discharged March 23, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, 
Town. 

ERICKSON, George Chester. (.->) Private. Son of 

Mr. liud Mrs. C. E. Erickson. Fairmont, Minn. 
Rorn Aug. 2. 1896, at Stratford, Iowa. Resident of Eairmont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont Oct. 22, 1918, 
as private in engineers. X. .\. Assigned to 13th Provisional 
Recruit Co., 2nd Battalion, at Camp I'orrest. (ia. Discharged at 
Camp Forrest, Jan. 8. 1919. 



FARM, Andrew August, (ii) Wagoner. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Gust Farm, Granada, Minn. 

Born June 5, 1893, at Chicago. 111. Married. Resident ot East 
Chain. Minn., when imh-.cted at l*"airm int, Minn., June 25, 
1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. C 3 1 ith 
.Aniniunition Train. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
from Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 25, 19 18. arriving at Cherbourg, 
France, Oct. 11. 1918. Returned to U, S. Jan. 29, 1919. dis- 
charged at Camp Grant, III., Feb. 29, 1919. 



FARM, Clarence E. (7) Private. .Son of :\rr. and 
Mrs. Chas. Farm, Guckeen, Minn. 

Burn at East Chain Twp.. Martin Count)', and rf-sident tln^rt of 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 27, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at 
Camp Lewis, Wash. Eri-.barkcd ^rom Hoboken, .V. J., July 11, 
lorS, arriving at LeIIavre, France, July 2?, 1918. Er.gaiiud pi St. 
Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Shrapnel wound in right 
leg at Ypres, Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 31, 1919. 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 



FEELEY, Frank J. (s) Sergeant. Son of P. 11. 

Feeley, Fairmont, Minnesota. 
Born Feb. 27. 1889, at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., 
Dec. 15, 1917. as private in the air service, .\ssigned to ist Co., 
3rd Regt. Air Service Mechanics, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Trans- 
ferred to i2th Co., same organization. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. J., July 8, 19 18. arriving at Brest. France. July 18. 19 iS. 
Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, July I i, 1919. 



FEELEY, Roy Barnard. CD Cook. Son of P. H. 
Feeley, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin C5.. June 2. ;8oi, and resident 
of that place wlien inducted at Fairmont, ?.Iiiui., Sept. 21, 1917, 
as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Co. F, 135th Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. Transferred to Hq. Det. 6Sth 
Inf. Brig., 34th Div., as cook. Transferred in France to Cook 
Co. Xo. I, Army Service Corps. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
J.. Oct. 13, 19 1 8, arriving at Cherbourg, France. Oct. 24. igi8. 
On duty at Port of Embarkation, Brest, France, as cook until 
Oct. 19, 19 19. Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 1919, discharged at 
Cami> r>odge. Iowa. Xov. 4, 1919. 

FENRICH, Fred A., Jr. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Fred Fenrich, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born Jan. 21. 1894. at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, Minn., 
.-md resident thereof wlien inducted at Fairmont, ^linn.. May 2. 
1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 6th Supply 
Train. 6th Division, at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from 
iloboken. X. J.. July 14. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
luly 30, 191S. * Engaged at Meuse-.\rgonne, Sept. 26 to Xov. 11, 

1918. Returned to U. S., June 22, igio, and discharged July 3, 

1919, at Camp Grant. 111. 

FENRICH. WiUiam Julius. (11) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. iM'ed Fenrich. Ceylon, Minn. 
Born June 24, 1895, at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., May 2. 1918, 
as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. D 54th Inf., 6th 
Div.. at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, X. 
T., July 5, 1918, arriving abroad on July 17. 1918. Engaged at 
Alsace front and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 10, 
1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. June r8, 1919. 



FILLMORE, Albert E., Jr. (12) Sergeant. Son of 
Rev. and Mrs. Albert E. iMllniorc, Fairmont, Minn. 
.Horn July ii. 1896, at St. Paul. Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
.Minn., when called to federal service from Xational Guard at 
that I'lace hily 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, M6tii Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp CoiW, X. M. T'-ansf^-rred 
to H.|.. '34th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. Sept. 17, 
1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 4. 1918. Transferred 
to Quartermaster Corps at large at LeMans. France. Returned 
to U. S. July 13, I9t9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
23, 1919. 

FINDLEY, Joe D. (i:i) Private. Son iA Mrs. A. E. 
iMndk-y, Martinsvdlc. 111. 

Born at Barnard, Mo.. June 5. 1897. Resident of Martin County, 
when inducted at l-'airmont. Minn.. Sept. 5. 1918, as private in 
infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to i6ist Depot Brigade, 
Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Camp MacArthur, Texas. Dis- 
charged Dec. 24, 1918. at Camp l^odge, Iowa. 



FITZ, Howard K. (U) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. E. Howard Fitz, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Cedar Twii.. Martin County, Jan. 26, 1897. Served on 
]\Iexican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident 
of Fairmont. Minn., when called to federal service from Xational 
(Kiard at Fairmont. ^linn., July 15. 1917, as jirivate in infantry. 
Assigned to v'o. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Cam > Cod.y, X'. M. 
Transferred in I'"rance to Co. K, 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J.. Oct. 13. 191S. Arrived at LeHavre, France, 
Oct. 25, 1918. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to 
U. S. Aug. 6, 1919. Discharged Aug. 14, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. 

FITZSIMMONS, Carl Patrick, (i:.) Corporal. Son 

of Mrs. Caroline Kitzsinmions. Sber])iirn. Al inn. 
Born Jan. 27. 1895, at Martin County, Minn. Resident of Elm 
Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
A|iril 29, 1918. as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Cc>. C, 
313th Sui)p]y Train, 8Sth Div., at Cam]) Dodge, Iowa. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 191 8. arriving at Liverpool, 
England. -Sept. 5, 1918. Engaged at Haute- Alsace sector. Re- 
turned to U. S. June 3, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Liwa. June 15, 1919. 

FITZSIMMONS, Earl Plinnie. (Hi* Corporal. Son 

of Mr. and Airs. Sam Fitzsimnions, Monterey, 
Minn. 

Born at Elm Creek Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18, as private in 
infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf.. 88th Div., at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 130th Inf.. 33rd 
Div.. at Camp Sevier. S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., 
May 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 24. 1918. En- 
gaged at Somme Offensive. Aines Sector, Chateau^ d'Aulnois, 
Moseheville and Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to \J. S. May 20, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dol^e. Iowa, May 29, 1919- 



111 



FLO, Floyd F. (1) Private First Class. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Isaac Flo, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 26, :8o7, where he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 8, rgiS. as private in aviation, 
N. A. Assigned to 365th Aero Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 19, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
pool, England, May 30, 1918. Trained in England for duration 
of the war. Returned to U. S. Dec. 10, 19 18, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 27, 1918. 



FLO, Regnald Roland. (2) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Isaac Flo, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont. Minn., March 16, 1896, where he resided when 
called to federal service from National Guard on July 15, T917, 
as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Photographic Section, 
Air .Service, Signal Corps, -ind sent to M;i li-5'in B.ii racks, 
N. V. Transferred to 75th Photo Section, Chanute Field, Ranton, 
111. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 3, 1919. 



19 1 8. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st 

Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Camp 
Sevier, S. C. and assigned to Hq. troop, 30th Div. Embarked 

from Hoboken, N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, 

England, May 23, 19 18. Engaged at Ypres, X'oormezeele, St. 

Ouentin and Thive. Returned to U. S. April ^, 1919, dischara^ed 
April 12, 1919. 



FOSS, Cyril Basil. (10 Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Melvin E. Foss, Guckeen. Minn. 
Born April 13, 1892, at Verona Twp., Faribault County, Minn. 
Resident of Guckeen. Minn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Codv. N. M. Transferred to Battery C, 123rd Field Artillery, 
33rd Div.. in France. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., June 
28. 1918. arriving at LeFIavre, France. July 15, 1918. Engaged 
at Mt. Sac, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. In hospital 50 days 
with broken knee (accidental). His rcgiiTient received two 
citations for gallantry in action. Returned to U. S. May 24, 
1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 7, i9"9. 



FOGARTY, Edward C. CO Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. T. J. Fogart\', Sherburn, Minn. 
Born April 2i, 1897, at Oakland, Minn. Two years training as 
cadet at U. of M. Resident of Sherburn when enlisted at Minne- 
apolis, Minn., June, 19 18, as private in Medical Corps, N. A. 
Assigned to U. of M. for training. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Dec, 1918. 



FOGARTY, Eugene J. (A) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. T. J. Fogarty, Slit*rl)urn, Minn. 
Born Aug. 11, 1S87, at Oakland, Minn. Married. Resided at 
MacLeod, Alberta. Canada, when called for service. Inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in infantrv. As- 
signed to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. AL 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec I4, 1918. 



FOLLETTE, Simon Ashley, (r^) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. (). A. Kollettc. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at New Hampton, Iowa, July 30, 1894. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at that place July 15, 1917, as mechanic in infantry. .\ssigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred to Co. A. 301st Bn., Tank Corps, at Camp Colt, Pa. 
Transferred to Co. A, 339th Bn.. Tank Corps, at Raleigh, S. C. 
Discharged Dec. 5, igi8j at Camj) Dix, N. J. 



FOKHEIM, Amos Martin, (fi) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Samnel S. Fokheim, Guckeen, Minn 
Born at Humboldt County, Towa, April 25, 1S96. Employed 
at Armstrong, Icwa, when inducted at Estherville, Iowa, July 
21, 1918, as i)rivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 43rd Co., 
I rth Receiving Co. at Camp Pike, Arkansas. Transferred to 
General Hospital Xo. 34. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
July 1, 1919- 



FORSBERG, C. J. (T) Private. 

Born in 1894. Resided at Jackson, Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Was sent overseas and transferred to another command. No 
further record. 



FOWLER, Harland Wade. (Ill Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Fowler, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born May 22, 1898, at Fairmont, Minn., where he resided when 
enlisted. Served with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. on Mexican border 
in 1916-17. Called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont. Minn.. July 15, 1917, as musician in infantry. As- 
signed to Hq. Co. (Band), 136th Inf., ,14th Div., Camp Cody, 
N. M. Transferred in France to Hq. Co. (Band) 315th Engineers, 
90th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 1918, ar- 
riving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 26, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
June 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 27, 1919. 



FRANK, George Carl. (12) Private First Class. Son 

of Mrs. Au.uusta Frank. DunnuU, Minn. 

Born at Kane County, 111., March 23, iSgi. Resident of Lake 
Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
May 26, 1918, as a private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 
(To. M. 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis. Wash. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., July 12, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Tuly 18, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-.'^rgonne and Ypres- 
Lys. Returned to U. S. March 31, 1919. discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 



FREDERICK, L. E. (13) Private. 

l!<:irn in 1S07. Resident of Wells, Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, 
as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., and assigned 
to Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div. Transferred to another unit 
and thought to have served overseas. No further record. 



FREDERIKSMOSE, Ainer Julius. (14) Private. 
Son of Hans Frederiksmose, Aarhus, Denmark. 
Born at Vyleby. Denmark, May 16, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 1918, as private 
in infantry. N. A. Trained at Camp Grant. 111. Assigned to 
Co. B. 109th Inf., 28th Div., later to Co. D, iiith Inf., same 
Div.. in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 14, 
191S, arriving abroad Sent. 21, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Ar- 
gonne. Returned to LI. S. May 3, 1919. discharged May 19, 
1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



Son of Peter 



FORSTROM, Edward Carl, (s) Cook. 

Korstroni, Dnnnell, .Minn. 

Born in Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., and resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at I'.minont, Minn., Sept. 21, 
1917, as ijrivate in infantry, .V. A. .\ssigncd to Cc. h, 
135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transfcrr:-d in 
France to Prisoner of War Escort Co. 205 at St. Nazaire. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 15, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, Oct. 26, 1918. Cooked fjr ."t company of Ger.man prison- 
ers until Sept. 25, 1919. Returned to U. S. Oct. is, 1919, dis- 
charged Oct. 21, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



FORSTROM, Leonard Walter. (9) Private. Son 

of Mrs. Mathilda Forstrom, Dunnell, Minn. 

Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, April 4, 1894, and 
resident thereof, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 26, 



FREEMAN, Lynn Alfred. (15) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Frank VV. Freeman, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., where he resided when enlisted at 
Fairmont, Minn.. Nov. 24, 1917, as private in the Motor Trans- 
port Corps as truck driver. Sent to Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas, 
and assigned to 9th Squadron, 1st Regiment. Aero Service, 
later to io6th Aero Squadron. In hospital with rheumatism 9 
weeks. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 25, 1919. 



FREER, Glen O. (16) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. G. N. Freer, Blue Earth, Minn. 
Born at Faribault County, :Minn., in 1898. Resident of Blue 
Earth when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., Tulv 15. 1917. as private in infantry. Sent to 
Camp Cody, N. M". and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. 
Sent overseas in 1918 and transferred to another command. 
Returned about June, 1919. -N'o further record. 



113 



FREITAG, William August. (1) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. A. P. Freitag, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Buckley. 111., Nov. 26, 1889. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., April 29, 1918, as 
a private in Q. M. C, N. A. Trained at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Assigned to Co. E, 313th Supply Train, 88th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
France, Sept. 11, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 3, 1919. 
Discharged June isth, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

FRENCH, Willis Russell. (■?.) Chauffeur First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. J. French, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Chicago. 111., Nov. 14, 1894. Employed at Mcdberry, 
.\'. D., when enlisted at LaMoure. N. D., March 6. 1918, as 
Ijrivate in the air service, N. A. Sent to Camp Wise, Texas, 
and assigned to 44th Balloon Company. Assigned to Transporta- 
tion Company at Camp Meucon, France, i^mbarked from New- 
port News, Va., July lo, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, July 
21, 1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 11, igro. 

FRIEBURG, Walter August. (;J) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Krieburg, Dunnell, Minn. 

Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in in- 
fantry. National Army. Assigned to Co. 4, i6ist Depot Brigade, 
Camp Grant, 111. Discharged on account of being under height 
at Camp Grant, 111., June 28. 1918. 

FRITZ, Walter. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Chas. Fritz, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County. Sept. 7, 1S96, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Oct. 22, 
1918, as private in engineers. N. A. .Sent to Camp Forrest, 
<ja., and assigned to Co. B, 124th Engineers. Discharged at 
Camp Forrest, Ga., Jan. 11. 1919. 

GARDNER, Asa Tyler. (.5) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. H. E. Gardner, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born July 23. 1895, Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, Minn. 
Resident of Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
Pairmont, Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in infantry. National 
.\rmy. Trained at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Assigned to Co. 
F, 54th Inf.. 6th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
5, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, July 23, 191S. Kngaged 
at Larchy Sub Sector and Meuse-Argonne. In Army of Occupa- 
tion. Returned to U. S., June 10, 1919. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 

GARDNER, Benjamin Harrison, (li) Private. Son 

of Mr. and i\Irs. H. E. Gardner, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born at Rosendale, Wis., July 7, 1888. Resident of Lake Belt 
Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Apr. 6, 1918, as private in N. A. Sent to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
University, training Detachment. Assigned to Hq. Co., 3rd 
En., 1st Regt., at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Co. F, 
4th Corps Artillery Park, Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
from New York, Sept. 3, 19 18. Arrived at Liverpool, England, 
Sept. 17, 1918. Engaged against the enemy at Meuse-.\rgonne, 
Oct. 23 to Nov. II, 1918. With .\rmy of Occupation. Returned 
to U. S. June 28, 1919. Discharged July 5, 1919. 

GARDNER, Rex. (7) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. H. E. Gardner, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born Oct. 4, 1886, at Ladoga, Wis. Employed at Lisbon, N. D., 
when inducted at that place Sept. 18, 1917, as private in 
engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. F. 313th Engineers, 88th Div., 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 
16, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 1, 1918. Engaged 
Haute- Alsace sector and Meuse-Argonne offensive. Returned to 
V, S. May 30, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 
15. 19 19. 

GARRY, Lee F. (8) First Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. T. F. Garry, Guckeen, Minn. 
Born Jan. 5, 1894, at Egan, S. D. Served on Mexican border, 
1916-17, with Co. B, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Guckeen, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
July 15, 1917, at Fairmont, Minn., as first sergeant of infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. D, 144th Inf., 36th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 11, 1919, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Oct. 29, 1919. Engaged at Meuse-,'\rgonne. Returned to U. S. 
June 6, 1919. discharged at Camp Bowie, Texas, June 22, 1919. 
Died Dec. i, 19 19. of diphtheria, leaving a bride of 2 months. 

GAWORSKI, Leo. (9) Private. Son of Mrs. John 
Gaworski, Fairmont, Minn. 

Married. Born Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Apr. 12, 1894. 
Kesident of Fairmont, when inducted at that place July 15, 1918, 



as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to S. A. T. C. at Dun- 
woody Institute, Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to Field 
Remount Squadron at Jacksonville. Florida. Accompanied cargo 
of horses from Newport News, \'a., to St. Nazaire, France, em- 
barking Nov. 30. 1918. Returned to V. S. Jan. 4, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Grant. 111.. March 24, 1919. 

GERSTMAN, Emil. (10) Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Paul E. Gerstman, Shcrlnirn, 

Minn. 
Born Feb. 25, 1894, at Davenport, Towa. Resident of Fox Lake 
Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
21, 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 
135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. 
li, 302nd Engineers, 77th Div. in France. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N T.. June 27, 1918, arrFving at Liverpool, England, 
July II, ig'iS. Went into action at Aisne River, France, Sept. 
"11, igi8. Severely wounded by shrapnel, right leg, right arm 
and chest, same date. Also burned by mustard gas. In hospitals 
until discharged. Permanently disabled. Returned to U. S. 
Dec. 22, 1918, discharged at Ft. DesMoines, Iowa, Aug. 14, 
1919. 

GERSTMAN, Gustav. (U) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Paul E. Gerstman, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born Jan. 17, 189-', at Davenport, Iowa. Married. Resident of 
Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont 
-Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Jj™' " 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to Co. M, JS'st Inf., 88th Div. 
Transferred April 10, 1918, to Camp LoRan, Texas, and as- 
signed to Co. H, ,32nd Inf.. 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N T May 17, 1918, arriving at Brest, Iraiice, May 24. >9i8- 
WeAt into' action near Albert France, July 4, IQ'S. Severely 
wounded while fighting at the Albert front -Tuly -4. -9^8 
Under hospital care in England and U. S unt 1 d'^'-l'ajB^; «f 
turned to U. S. Ian. 19, '9"). discharged at Camp Grant, in., 
.Vpril 3, 1919. Permanentlv disabled from wounds in legs. 

GERTH, Edwin Paterson. (12) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Henry D. Gerth, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 4. 1893. and resided there when en- 
listed June 10, 1917, at Chicago, 111., as private in American 
Field .Ambulance Service. Assigned to Sec. 531 U. b. Army 
Ambulance Service at .Mlentown. Pa. Trained also at M. 
Hamilton, N. Y. Transferred in France to Battery D. 5 st 
Artillery, C. A. A. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J- -1"'^ "5. 
018 afHving at Brest. France, July 2., .918. Engaged at Ver- 
dun and St. Mihiel. Returned to U. S. Feb. 3. 19.9, discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 22, 1919- 

GERTH, Henry John. (13) First Lieutenant. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Henry D. Gerth. Fairmont, Mmn. 
Born at Tomah, Wis.. June 24, 1889. Employed at Minneapolis, 
Minn., when enlisted in First Reserve Officers Training Camp 
at Ft. Snelling. Minn., May 15, 1917. Commissioned 2nd lieut. 
of cavalry at Ft. Snelling Aug. 14, I9i7-^ Assigned to Co. C, 
313th Supply Train, 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918, arriving at LjHavre, France, 
Sept. 10, 1918. Engaged at Haute Sector and before Metz. 
Returned to U. S. June 3. I9i9, discharged July 2, 1919. at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Married while in the service. 

GIDEON, Fremont. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. G. \V. Gideon, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born Feb. 11, 1889 at Seneca, Iowa. Employed at Glasgow, 
Montana, when inducted at that place June 25, 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., and assigned 
to Machine Gun Co., i6oth Inf., 40th Div., Camp Kearney, 
Calif. Embarked .\ug. 6. 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, 
.\ug. 20. 19 18. Returned to U. S. March 19, 19 19, discharged 
at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, April 13, 19 "9- 

GIDEON, Nason Emery. (1.5) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. G. W. Gideon, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born at Seneca, Iowa, May 30, 1891. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
\'a., .Aug. 29. 1918, arriving at Brest, France^ Sept. 12, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant, III., July 3, 1919. 

GIESEKE, Henry Christ. (16) Corporal. Son ot 

Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Gieseke, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Rutland Twp.. Martin County, Minn., Nov. 30, 1895, 
and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 
26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
and assigned to 7th Co., Infantry Replacement troops. Dis- 
charged at Camp Grant, III., Jan. 6, 19 19. 



115 



GILBERTSON. Melville C. (1) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Victor Gilbertson. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born May 20, 1895, at Goldneld, Iowa. Resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., Jnly 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Dis- 
charged on Surgeon's Certificate of disability, June 19, i9'8, at 
Camp Cody, N. M. 



GOERING, Jerome Joseph, c^) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. liarry (i. (jotring, Shfrhurn. Minn. 

Born Aug. 18, 1897, at Walcotte, Iowa. Resident of Manyaska 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
22, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
Cia., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co. Discharged 
Jan. 7, 1919- 



GOERNDT, Charlie P. (3) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
Chas. G< )erndt, 1 lalfa, Iowa. 

Born Oct. 1 8, 1895, at Tenhassen Twp.. Martin County. Em- 
ployed at Cliicago, 111., when inducted at May wood. 111., April 
28, ]qi8. as a private in infantry of the N. A. Assigned to Co. 
B, 343rd Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred to 
•Co. I, 311th Inf., 78th Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Sept. 25, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. i, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Wounded by shrapnel near Verdun 
Oct. 25. 1918. Returned to U. S. May 30, 1919, discharged at 
•Camp Dodge, Iowa. June 27, 19:9. 



GOETZ, Roland Oswald. (A) Private. Son of Air. 
and Airs. G. H. Goctz, Fairmont, Alinn. 

Born March 10, 1898, at Fairmont. Minn., where he resided when 
-enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 7, 1918, as private in 
Medical Corjis, Regular Army. Assigned to infirmary of 48th 
"Engineers at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. Transferred in France 
to Infirmary 4Sth Reg., Tank Corps, later to Infirmary 79 th 
•Co.. Tank Corps. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 30, 1918. 
arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 12, 19 18. Stationed at S'osges 
section during engagement with enemy. Returned to U. S. 
June 28, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 8, 1919- 



GOETZ, Temple M. (.i) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Geo. Goetz, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., April 2, 1898. Resident of Eraser 
"Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Oct. 
^5, 1918. Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp 
Cody. N. M. Discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability 
at that place Dec. 12, 19 18. 



•GORACZKOWSKI, John Michiel. (U) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Stan. Goraczkowski, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Horn at Lemont, III., Aug. 28, 1892. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
.5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 5, i6ist 
Depot Brigade, Camp Grant. 111. Transferred to Co. A, ist Bn., 
replacement troops, Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged at 
'Camp Dodge, Icwa, March 4, 1919. 



•GORDENIER, Oliver Charles. (7) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Gordenier, 689 Conway St., St. 

Paul, Minn. 
J5orn May 14, 1896, at St. Paul, Minn. Resident of Blue l-Lartli, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
.July 15, 1917, as private of infantry. National Guard. As- 
:signed to Co. E, 136th Int., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France, Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to U.. S. July 13, 1919, 
.■and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 21, 1919. 



GOULD, Calvin Henry, (y) Chauffeur First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank D. Gould, Fairmont, 
Alinn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 14, 1894, where he resided when 
enlisted. Previously served one enlistment in Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
Inf., National Guard. Enlisted at Kelly Field, Texas, Jan. 10, 
1918, as private in air service. Regular Army. Assigned to 
353rd Aero .Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 14, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 
25. 1918. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, May 21, 1919. 



GOULD, Edwin Germain. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. F. C. Gould, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Nov. i, 1896, at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Fairmont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .\ssigned to i6ist Depot 
Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Fire Truck and Hose 
Co. 328 at Camp Mac.\rthur, Texas. Patient in base hospital 
at Camp MacArthur. Texas, Sept. 30 to Dec. 8, 1918. Dis- 
charged at Camp MacArthur, Texas, April 14, 1919. 



GOULD, Howard Francis. (11) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Frank D. Gould, Fairmont, Minn., 
Born July 31, i8g8, at Fairmont, Minn. Attending Leland 
Stanford University. Calif., when enlisted at San Francisco, 
Calif., May 7, 1918, in the Italian Ambulance Service of the 
.\merican Red Cross. Transferred in Italy to Section 4, A. R. C, 
and later to Sec. 3, A. K. C. Embarked from New York, May 
26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, June 8, 1918. En- 
gaged in the .\ustrian offensive on the lower Piave River, Italy, 
June 17 to Tuly 5, 1918, and in the final Italian offensive Oct. 
28 to Nov. "4, 1918. Awarded (i) Italian service medal; (2) 
Croce de Guerra or Italian War Cross. Returned to U. S. 
Dec. 20, 1918, discharged at Vicenza, Italy, Nov. 13, 1918. 



GOULD, Orrin E. (ILM Corporal. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. F. C. Gould, Fairmont, Minn. 
Resident of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, where he was born 
June 23, 1890. Called to federal service from National Guard, 
July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred ni France 
to Co. A, 144th Inf., 36th Div., later to Hq. Co., same command. 
Embarked from Hoboken. N J., Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France, Nov. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919. 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 



GRADBERG, Ernest G. (i:0 Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and ^Irs. Ole Gradberg, Bunnell, Minn. 
Resident of Clear Lake, Wis., when inducted at Balsam Lake, 
Wis., Sept. 7, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
Co. E, 241st Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
Sept. 9, 1918. from Hoboken, N. I., arriving at LeHavre. I'rance. 
Sept. 28, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 13, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., July 22, 1919- 



GRANT, Chester Clifford. (14 1 Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. W. W. Grant, Rockwell City, Iowa. 

Born Aug. 17, 1892, at Rockwell City, Iowa. Employed in 
Iowa, when inducted at Estherville, Iowa, July 21, 1918, as 
cook in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Pike, Arkansas, and 
assigned to Cooks and Bakers School. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 10, 1919. 



GRANT, William, (ir, ) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. W. W. Grant, Rockwell City, Iowa. 
Born at Rockwell City, Iowa, Feb. 27, 1S88. Resided at Welcome, 
Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 3. J9'7. as 
private in infantrv, National Guard. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
to Co. L, 3gth Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Oct. 13, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, Oct. 25, 1918. 
Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 
1919. Discharged Aug. 13, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



GORDON, Clinton Calvert. (8) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Pearl Gordon, Windsor, Mo. 

JMarricd. Born at Windsor, Mo., May 14, 1888. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place, Aug. 29, 1918, 
las private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
-assigned to Co. 17, 163rd Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp 
IDodge for physical disqualifications, Sept. 2, 19 18. 



GRAUE, A. (16) Private. 

Born in 1893. Resident of Frost, Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn, July 15, 1917. 
as private in infantrv. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th 
Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Sent overseas in June, 1918, and 
transferred to another command. No further record. 



117 



0^ i^^r 




ill 



GREELEY, Ivan Smith, (l) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Willis Greeley, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Fraser Twp., Martin County, July 15, 1897. Resident 
of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 11, 
1918, as private in heavy artillerv, Regular Army. Assigned to 
Battery D, 52nd Artillerv (Railroad), at Ft, Hamilton, N. Y. 
Embarked from New York, July 15, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, July 23, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
gonne. Returned to U. S. Jan. 3, 1919, discharged Feb. 10, 1919- 



GREENIG, Merlin Daniel. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Airs. Geo. D. Greenig-. Lallarpe. 111. 

Born at that place Oct. 26, iSgo. Widower, one child. Resident 
of St. Peter, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Battery D, 
332nd Field Artillery. 86th Div., Camp Robinson. Wis. Trans- 
ferred in France to 8tli Machine Gun Bn.. 3rd Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 16. 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 2gth, 
1919. Returned to U. S. Aug. 25, 1919, and discharged at 
Camp Grant, 111., Sept. 2, 1919. 



GROTH, Alfred E. (9) Corporal. Son of Mrs. Cath- 
erine Groth, Blue Earth, Minn. 

Born at Cresco, Iowa, May 24, 1897. Resident of Blue Earth, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at Fairmont. Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. K, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. E, 47th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 191S, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Nov. r, 1918. Five months in hospital at Camp Cody with bron- 
chitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, empyema, erysipelas. In hospital in 
France 5 months with mumps and diphtheria. Six weeks in 
convalescent hospital at Denver. Colorado, after return to States, 
April 29, 1919. Discharged with 50 per cenf permanent disability 
at Denver, Colo., July 8, 1919- 



GROTH, Herman August. ( 10) Private. Son of 
Mrs. M. Groth. Triumph. Minn. 

Born at Martin County. Minn., July 14. 1894. Resident of 
Triumph, Minn., when inducted at' Fairmont, Minn., June 26, 
1918, as private in infantry. N. A.^ Sent to Camp Grant, III., 
and discharged account of physical disqualifications June 28, 1918. 



GREFE, Theodore F. Ci) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Ernest Grefe, Hoffman. 111. 
Born at Hoffman, 111.. Sept. 8, 1891. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Carlyle, 111., May 10, 1918. as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 54th Inf., 
6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 6. 1918, arriving at Glasgow, .Scotland, July 17, 
1918. Engaged at Mense-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
10, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 23, 1919. 



GROTH, Walter Henry, (ll) Musician Second Class. 

Sun of Jijhn Groth. Triumiih, Minn. 

Dorn June 9. 1896, at Martin County, Minn. Resident of Sher- 
burn, Minn., when enlisted at Et. Snelling. Minn., Feb. 5, 1918, 
as musician in Engineers. Assigned to Co. D. 26th Engineers, 
78th Div., at Camp Dix, N. J., training also at Camp Humphreys, 
Va. Discharged Jan. 27, 1919. 



GREUPNER, Fred Herman. (4) Corporal. Son of 

H, Greupner. I{lk fiiver, Minn. 

Born at Elk River, Minn., Feb. 4, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place June 24, 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 342nd Inf., 86th Div., 
at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. 105, Army Service Corps. 
Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 8, 191S. arriving at Le- 
Havre, France, Sept. 28. 1918. Returned to U. .S. July 14, 1919, 
and discharged July 24, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



GUEST, Clinton C. (12) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Thomas Gnest, Lone Rock, Iowa. 

Rorn at Dwight, 111., Oct. 19. 1899. Resident of Lone Rock, 
Iowa, when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont. Minn., July 15, lot 7. as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camo Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred in France to s8th Field .\rtillery Brigade, 33rd Div. Em- 
barked from Hoboken. N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, July 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-.^r- 
gonnc. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, and discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 



GREWE, Lewis E. (5) Private. Son of Mrs. Emma 
Grewe, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Elgin, 111., Dec. 2;^, 1894. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., 
when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private of infantry, 
N. .\. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, 
S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, 
arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 18, 1919, as a convalescent 
(rheumatism) and discharged at Ft. Snelling,, Minn., July 10, 
1919. 



GREWE, William H. (6) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Emma Grewe, Fairtnont, Minn. 

Born at Elgin, 111., in 1889. Married. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp 
Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked fiom Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29, 
1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged 
July 3, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 



GRIFFIS, Gordon, O. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. J. O. Grifhs, Tipton, Iowa. 

Born at Clarence, Iowa, Jan. 21, 1895. Resident of Sioux Falls, 
S. D., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 27, 191S, as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 351st Field Hospital, 
313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 16, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 
28, 1918. Returned to U. S. A'lay 30, 1919, and discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919. 



GUSTAVSON, Laurence. (13) Private. Son of Mrs. 

.Xuyusta Gustavson, Tiden, Sweden. 
Born at Skerda, Sweden, Dec. 31, 1891. Resident of Monterey, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 5, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and there 
assigned to Co. L. 6th Bn., replacement troops, at Camp Mac- 
Arthur, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 4, 1919. 



HAECKEL, Chris A. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 

.Mrs. Louis Hacckel, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Aug. 4, 1889. at Long Grove, 111. Employed at Miles City, 
Mont., when inducted at Billings, Mont., April 20, 1918, as a 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 348th Machnie 
Gun Bn., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. L, luly 5, 1918. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
July 27, 1918. " Engagements: St. Mihiel. Meuse-Argonne, Ypres- 
Lys. Shrapnel wound in left shoulder Sept. 26. 191S. Awarded 
the French Crcix du Guerre for gallantry in action. Returned 
to U. S. April 2, 19 1 9. Discharged at Ft. D. A. Russel, Wyoming, 
April 27, 1919. 



HAGEN, Christ C. (1.5) Private. Son of Mrs. Es- 
ther Hagen. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born in Norway Feb. 3, 1892. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 53i-d Inf., 6th Div. at 
Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. July 
6, J918, arriving at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. Engaged 
at Vosges Sector and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 21, 1919. 



GROSSMANN, Herbert Otto. (8) Corporal. Son 

of Otto Grossmann, Madelia, Minn. 
Born at St. Paul, Minn., March 14, 1898. Resident of Madelia, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn.. July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
to Ordnance Depot at St. .\ignan. France. Embarked from Ho- 
boken. N. J., June, 1918, arriving abroad July 3, 1918. Re- 
turned to U. S'. Sept. 15, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, July 23, 1919. 



HALL, Raymond Banks. (16) Sergeant Major. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. John \V. Hall. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Fairmont Twp-. Martin County, Oct. 7, 1893, and resi- 
dent thereof when enlisted at Ft. Snelling, Minn., Dec. 14. 1917. 
as private in medical corps. Regular Army. Assigned to Post 
Hospital and later to General Hospital No. 29, at Ft. Snelling, 
Minn. Spent entire period of service at that post. Discharged 
about Aug., 1919. 



119 



HALL, William Frank, (l) Private. Born at Cur- 
lew, Iowa, June 14, 1895. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. Gust Hall, Dunnell, Minn., where he 
resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
Va., .'\ug. JO, igi8, arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 12, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 3, 1919. 



HALLGREN, Frank H. (2) Private. Parents de- 
ceased. 

Raised by Mr. and Mrs. Orlando Smith, Fairmont, Minn. Resi- 
•dent of East Chain Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. C, T29t!i Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to Co. H, same regiment. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., May 10, 1918. arriving at Brest. France, May 24, 1918. 
Flngaged at the Somine offensive and Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
to U. S. May 22, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 
2, 1919. 



HALLSTROM, Albert. (.1) Private First Class. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Hallstrom, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Martin County, Minn., Oct. 7, 1886. Resident of Silver 
Lake Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. 
M, 351st Inf.. 88tll Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
to Co. B, 129th Inf.. 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Te.xas. Em- 
"barked from Hoboken, N. .1., May 10, 1918. arriving at Brest, 
I'raTice, .Ma.v 2^, 1918. Engaged at Somme Offensive with 
IJritish .\rniy and at Meuse-.\rgonne. Gassed and slight shrapnel 
■wound left leg in Argonnes, Oct. 8, 1918. 10 per cent disability. 
Returned to U. S. May 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, June 2, 1919. 



Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 14, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. i, 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 3, 1919, discharged May 15, 
1919. 

HANSON, Carl Benhart. (nj Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Hanson, Ormsby, 

Minn. 
Borp. May 22. 1888, at Calamus, I._,wa. Resident of Waverly 
Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 26. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Hq. 
Co., 45th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
from Newport News. Va., Aug. 29, 1918. arriving at Brest. I-'rance, 
.Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged in Meuse-.\rgonne offensive. Returned 
to U. S. Tune 26, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
July 23, 1919. 



HARDER, Henry Anton. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John Harder, Triumph, Minn. 

Born at Waverly Twp.. Martin County. March 29, 1897, and 
resident thereof ' wdien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 
1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
Ga,. for training in recruit company. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Jan. 11, 1919. 



HARNDEN, Chester Leroy. n l) Private First Class. 

Snii <)i Air. .ind Mrs. C. II. Harmk-ii, Fairmont, 
Minn. 

Born at Sherburn. Minn.. March 24. 1894. Employed at La- 
Crosse, Wis., when enlisted June 3. 1917, at Jefferson Barracks, 
Mo., as private in cavalry, Regular Army. Assigned to Troop 
D, 24th Cav. at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming. Transferred to 
Battery B, 82nd Field Artillery, 15th Div.. at Ft. Bliss. Te.xas. 
Discharged at I-t. Bliss, Texas, May 22, 1919. 



HALTERMAN, Earl. (4) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
Sarah M. Haltcrnian, Moscow, Indiana, where he 
was born Sept. 13, 1S86. 

Resident of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
May 8, 19 17, as private in engineers. Regular .Army. Assigned 
to Co. F, 2nd Engineers, 2nd Div., at El Paso, Texas. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 10, 1917, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Oct. 6, 1917. Engaged at Toulon-Troyon sector, Aisne-Marne 
Offensive, Marbach, St. Mihiel, Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to 
LT. S. .\ug. 8, 1919, discharged at Camj) Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 15, 
1919- 

HAMBLEN, Clarence Chester. (5) Private. Son of 

^Ir. and .Mrs. James Hamblen, Dudley, 111. 
Born March 5, 1892. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted 
at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as a private in infantry. 
Assigned to 163rd Depot Brigade, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Discharged 
Oct. ig, 1917, on acount of physical disability. Again inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 28, 1918, as private in infantry. 
Served in Depot Brigade at Camp Dodge, Iowa, until Dec. 24, 
1918, when discharged at Camp Dodge. 



HARNDEN, Sidney Preston. (12) Sergeant. Son 

of Mr. and .Mrs. C. H. Harnden, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn. Minn., Tune 25, 18S9. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., wlien inducted at that place May 31, 1918, as private in 
nifantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 349th Inf., _88th Div., at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., .Aug. 9, 
1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .\ug. 19. 1918. Returned 
to U. S. June 23, 1919, discharged June 30, 1919- 

HAROLDSON, Iver Albert, (lo) Second Lieutenant. 

Son ul ^Ir. and -Mrs. H. Haroldson, Hills, Minn. 
Born at Hills, Minn., Dec. 2, 1S91. Served 3 years as_ cadet 
at Minnesota .Agricultural College and as private in Co. E, 2nd 
Minn. Inf.. National Guard, on Mexican border. 1916-17. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont. Minn., when enlisted at that place Dec. 27, 
1917, as private in aviation section of the signal corps, Regular 
.Army. .Assigned to 8S4th Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas. 
Transferred to Photo Section, .Aerial Service at Madison Bar- 
racks, N. \'. Transferred to Central Officers Training School at 
Camp Lee, Va.. and commissioned Sept. 15, 1918, acting as 
instructor at said place for five months. Discharged at Camp 
Lee, \'a., Jan. 15, 1919. 



HANLEY, Lester Edmond. ((i) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Airs. Ed. Hanley, Welcome, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 3, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., Jan. 2, 1918, as private 
in aviation. Regular .Army. Assigned to 54th Balloon Co. at 
•Camp John Wise. Texas. .At port of embarkation when armis- 
tice was signed. Discharged Dec. 17, 1918, at Morrison, \'a. 



HANSEN, Christian. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Airs. Nels Hansen, Monterey, Minn. 
Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, Feb. 22, 1892, and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 135th Inf., 34tn 
Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to Co. I, 
166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. June 
27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 10, 1918. Engaged 
:at -Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to 
U. S. April 25, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
12, 1919. 



HARTMAN, Elmer. (14.) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Rosa Hartman. Winnebago, Minn. 

Employed at Grass Range, Mont., when inducted at Lewiston, 
Mont., June 24, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to 
Camp ' Lewis. Wash. Transferred to Camp Kearney, Calif., 
and assigned to Co. I, 159th Inf., 40th Div. Again transferred 
in France to Co. D, 126th Inf.. 32nd Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 7, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 
25. 1918. Engaged in Meuse-.Argonne offensive. Wounded by 
machine gun fire Oct. 9, 1918. Returned to U- S. Feb. 16, 1919, 
and discharged at Camp Funston, Kansas, March 17, 1919. 



HARTMAN, Martin Fred. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry Hartman, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in 
Engineers. Sent to Camp Forrest, Ga., and assigned to Co. B, 
124th Engineers. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 12, 1919. 



HANSEN, Peter Christian. (8) Private. Son of 

Airs. Catherine Christensen, Thorby, Denmark, 
■where he was born March 30, 1888. Married, one child. Served 
-21 months in Danish .Army before coming to U. S. in 1912. 
Resident of Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, June 
.25, 191S, as private in infantry, N. .A. Assigned to Co. C, .Mjrd 
Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in I'Vance 
tto Co. D, iiitli Inf., 28th Div., later to Machine Gun Co., 109th 



HASSING, Roy Leonard. (IG) Private. Parents de- 
ceased. 

Born at Delavan, Faribault County, Minn., July 21, iSgo. Mar- 
ried. Resident of Fairmont when inducted at that place Sept. 
5, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Camp Mac- 
.Arthur Texas, later to Camp Merritt, N. J. Discharged at 
Camp Dodge, la., Dec. 18, 1918. Died at St. Paul, Mmn., Aug. 
10, 1919. Buried at Easton, Minn. 



121 



HASTINGS, Charles Emmons. (1) Private. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. Cha>. A. Hastings, Monterey, Minn. 
Burn at Minntapolis, ]\Iirn., May 22, 189S. Resident of Mont- 
erey. Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at Minneapolis, Minn., June, 1917, as private in Battery E, ist 
Minn. Field Artillery, later changed to Battery E, 151st Field 
Artillery 42nd Div. Trained at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Embarked 
from Hoboken, X. J., Oct. 16, 1917. arriving at St. Nazaire, 
France, Oct. 31, 191 7. Engaged at Lorraine, Champaigne. 
Chateu-Thierry and St. Mihiel. Gassed Feb. 26, 1918. Wounded 
July 18, 1918. and Sept. iS. 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 23, 
1919. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 12, 1919- 



HAYWORTH, Werley Jones. (-) Private First 
Class. Son of Mrs. Hmslcy Hayworth, Welcome, 
Minn. 

Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, March 2, 1894. Resident 
of Welcome, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
As.sig;ned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. 
Found physically disqualified for overseas service and discharged 
at Camp Cody on Surgeon's Certificate of Disability, Jan. 8, 1918. 



HEFT, Mathew. (;;) Mechanic. Son of Mrs. Lou- 
ise Heft. Monee. III. 

Born at Monee. III., Sept. 16. 1887. Registered from Rolling 
Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., where he was employed. 
Inducted July 26. 1918, at Monee, 111., with consent of Martin 
County bnnrd. Sent to Camp \\'adsworth, S. C, and assigned 
to Hq. Co. 4th Pioneer Inf. Transferred in France successively 
to Co. M. 330th Inf.. 83rd Div., Co. F, ii8th Eng. and 144th Co. 
R. T. C. Embarked from Newport News, \'a., Sept. 21, 191 8, 
arriving at St. Nazaire. France. Served as conductor on French 
railroad. Returned to U. S. May 13, 1919, discharged at Mitchell 
Field, L. I., May 21, 1919. 



HEIGES, David Wendall. (4) Second Lieutenant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. George W. Heiges, formerly 

of Fairmont, now of Minneapolis. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., June 11, 1894. Employed at Minne- 
apolis when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., ^^^\y 15. 19 17. as sergeant in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf., 24th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred to 4th Officers Training Camp at Camp Cody, N. M.. and 
commissioned 2nd Lt. On duty at Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas, and 
Camp Shelby, Miss., until discharge. Mad previous service with 
2nd Minn. Inf. on Mexican border in 1916-17. Discharged at 
Camp Shelby, Miss., Dec. 16, igi8. 



HEIN, Adolph H. (.5) Private. Son of Air. and 
Mrs. Wm. Hein, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., Avig. 12, 1891. 
Married. Resident of and inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. June 
24, 1918, as private, N. A. Assigned to Ilq. Co., 343rd Inf., 
86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Aug. 20, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France. Sept. 2. 1918. 
Transferred to Prisoner of War Escort, at Dun-sur-Meuse, France. 
Returned to U. S. Aug. 23, 1919. Discharged Aug. 31, 1919, 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



HELLE, Clark, n-) Private First Class. Tarents de- 
ceased. 

Employed at Albert Lea, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., June 15, 191S, as a private in artillery, N. A. Assigned 
to Battery E, 137th Field Artillery, 38th Div., at Camp Shelby. 
Miss., after training at University of Minn. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 6, 1918. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
Sept. 27, igi8. Returned to U. S. Dec. 24, 1918, and discharged 
at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind., Jan. 14, 1919. 



HELMKE, Ruben C. R. (T) Private. Son of Mrs. 
E. F. Hausfeld, Welcome, Minn. 

Born at Jackson, Minn., June 19, 1897. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Oct. 22, 191S, as private in 
Engineers, N. A. Assigned to i3:h Provisional Recruit Co., Camp 
Forrest, Ga. Transferred to Co. C, 124th Engineers at same place. 
Discharged Jan. 7, 1919. 



HENDRICKSEN, Chris Leonard, fs) Private, Son 

of Mr. and Airs. Peter 1 leiidricksen. Triumph, 
Minn. 

Born in Fairmont Twp., Martin County. Minn.. May 14. 1895. 
Resident of Triumph. Minn., when inducted at Fairm'ont, Minn., 
Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. V\. Assigned to Co. 
B, 163rd Depot Brigade, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 



Co. F, 135th Inf.. 34th Div.. Camp Cody. N. M. Discharged 
Jan. 28, 191S. at Camp Cody. .\. M., for physical disqualification 
following severe illness with rlieumatism. 



HENTON, Bernie C. (9) Corporal, Son of Henry 
Hen ton. Truman. Minn. 

Born July 24. 188S. at Nashville Twp., ilartin County. Mar- 
ried, 2 children. Resident of Truman, Minn., when voluntarily 
inducted at Fpii mr nt, Minn., April i, 1918. as private in Field 
Ai tillery, N. A. Sent to University of Cincinnati for training. 
Assigned to Battery B, various training units at Camp Tackson, 
S. C, and finally to Battery D. 307th JPield Artillery. 78'th Div., 
in France. Emiiarked from Hoboken. N. J., July 16, 19 18, ar- 
riving at LeHavre, France. .\ug. 4, 191S. Engaged at St. Mihiel. 
Returned to U. S. May 14. 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. May 22, 1919. 



HERRMANN, John Martin, (in) Private. Son of 

Rev. ;ind Mrs. Jolm Ilerrmann. Fairmont. Minn. 

Born Feb. 6. igoo, at Clarence, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted Oct. 14, 1918, in S. A. T. C, as private. 
Trained at Hamline University. St. Paul. Discharged Dec. 20, 
1918. at St Paul, Minnesota. 

HERRMANN. Siegfried Frederick, (ii) Private. 

Son ^.)f Rev. and Mrs. John Herrmann, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Resident of St. Paul, Minn., wdien enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
Oct. 18, 1917. as private in enlisted medical reserve corps, 
at University of Minnesota. Trained at College of Medicine, 
U. of M. Transferred to Co. 3. 2nd Regt. S. A. T. C, at U. 
of M. Continued in medical training by order during period of 
service. Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 15, 1918. 



HERVEY, Ray Hermon. (i:.') Sergeant. Parents 

deceased. 
Born at Winnebago. Minn.. Sept. 24. i8gr. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
that place Tuly 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
in France to Co. A, 144th Inf.. 36th Div. Embarked from Ho- 
boken. N. J.. Oct. 12, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 
30, 191S. With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. June 
6, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, June 16, 1919- 



HEXTELL, Bernard. (i:j) Private. Son of Hans 
Hextell. Bergen, Norway, where he was born Feb. 
25, 1893. 
Citizen of Norway, resident of Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin 
County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 191 8, as 
private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th 
Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 130th Inf., 33rd 
Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
May 16, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, May 24, 1918. Engaged 
at the Somme and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed. 10 weeks in hospital. 
Returned to LT. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, ]May 29, 19 19. 



HILDEBRAND, Carl. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Clara Hildebrand, Granada, Minn. 

Born at LaSalle County, 111., Dec. 31. 1896. Resident of Pleasant 
Prairie Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Oct. 22. 19:8, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to 13th 
Provisional Recruit Co., 2nd Bn., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



HILGENDORF, Emil W. (15) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Fred Drayfahl. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Waverly Twp., Martin County, Nov. 7, 1S93. Resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as 
private in Engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 311th Engineers, 
86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 9, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 2^, 1918. Re- 
turned to U. S. June 27, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
July 7, 1919. 

HILKEN, William John, (id) Private. Son of Mr, 

and Mrs. John Hilken, Monterey, Minn. 

Born at Cedar Twp.. Martin County, Oct. 3, 1896, and resident 
thereof when enlisted June 4, J918, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., 
as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 2nd Engineers 
at Camp Humphreys, Va. Transferred to Chemical Warfare 
Service at Camp Merritt, N. J. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Aug. 3, 1918. arriving at Brest. France, Aug 1 1, 1918. Served 
at Haulon Gas Field in France. Returned to U. S. May 6, 19 19, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 19, 1919. 



123 



HILL, Arthur Alman. fl) Regimental Sergeant Ma- 
jor. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. R. liill, Granada. Alinn. 

Born at Granada. Minn.. Feb. 2, 1891. Employed at Roundup, 
Mont., when inducted at that place Sept. 6, 1917. Assigned to 
Co. B, 362nd Inf., 91st Div., Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred 
to Co. A, Hq. Bn., General Hq., A. E. F., Chaumont, France. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Feb. 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, March 4, 1 9 1 8. Promoted corporal and sergeant in 
Judge Advocate General's Department. Promoted regt. sgt. 
major. On duty at General Headquarters throughout term of 
service abroad. Returned to U. S. June 30. 1919. Discharged 
July II, 1919, at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming. 



HINES. William A. (9) Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. John Hines, Guckeen, Minn. 

Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Dec. 22, 1891. 
Resident of Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County, when called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 
Supply Co.. 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. T., Tune 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July 16, 1918." Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. ^ Re- 
turned to U. S. June 12. 1919, discharged at Mitchell Field, 
Long Island, June 18, 1919- 



HILL, Ray Milton. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. C. R. Hill, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County, Sept. 25. 1897. 
Resident of Granada. Minn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont. Minn.. July 15, 191 7, as private 
in infantry. National Guard. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Supply Co., 
same regiment. Transferred to Supply Co., 329111 Inf., 83rd Div., 
in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, ar- 
riving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 26, 19 18. Returned to U. S., 
July 12, 1919- Discharged July 18, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



HINES, William Harry, (lo) Chauffeur. Son of 

J. F. Hines, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Aug. 24, 1893. and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 16, 
1918. as private in engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 20th 
Engineers at American University. Washington, D. C. Later 
to 2nd Co.. 5th Bn., Ordnance Detachment, at Aberdeen Proving 
Grounds. Maryland. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
27, 1919- 



HILLER, Otto Hjalmar. (;^) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
Anna Hiller, Granada. Minn. 

Born at Chicago, 111., Mav 12, 18S9. Resident of Pleasant 
Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
April 6. 1918. as truck driver in ordnance corps. National Army. 
Trained at University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred to Bat- 
tery C, 1 2th Regt., Field Artillery Replacement Depot at Camp 
Jackson, S. C. Discharged at Camp Jackson, S. C, Feb. 14, 1919. 



HILLM AN. Edward J. (4-) Private. Son of Mr. 

and -Mrs. Fred Hillnian, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born May 21, 1892, at Diamond Lake. III. Resident of Many- 
aska Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
C, 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
France to ^o. I, i66th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving abroad July II, 1918. 
Engaged at Aisne-Marne offensive, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.\rgonne. 
Arrived in U. S. .April 25, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, May 12, 1919. 



HINES, Cecil James. (.5) Private. Son of James 
Mines, Truman, Minn. 

Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, May 20, 1895. Resident 
of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. "21, 1917, 
as private in infantry, N. h, .Assigned to Co. F, 135th Inf.j 34th 
Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., on 
Surgeon's Certiticate of Disability Jan. 22, 1918. 



HINES, John Francis. ((>) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John O. Hines, Guckeen, Minn. 
Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County. Minn., Feb. 18, 
1887. Resided in Pleasant Prairie Twp. when inducted at Fair- 
mont, Minn., March 3. 1918, as private in the Medical Corps. 
Sent to Camp Greenleaf, Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga., but never assigned. 
Discharged on account of nhysical disqualification March 18, 1918, 
at Camp Greenleaf, Ga. 



HINTON, John H. (11) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. \Vm. K. Hinton, St. Paul, Minn. 
Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn., June 20, 1896. 
Resident of Truman, Minn, when enlisted at Fairmont, Sept. 
17, 1918, as a private in S. h. T. C. Trained at Dunwoody 
Institute,' Minneapolis, Minn. 
19, 1918. 



Discharged at Minneapolis Dec. 



HINZ, John. (1::;) Private. Son of Mrs. Mary Hinz, 

Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Feb. 27, 1891 at Green County, Iowa. Resident of Fair- 
mont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, June 25, 
1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery D, 332nd 
Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp 
Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 16, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. b. 
Tune I, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 10, 1919. 



HINZ. William C. (i:;) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Herman Hinz, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born July 27, 1897, at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
.Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Discharged Dec. 14. 1918, at Camp Cody, N. M. 



HOLDEN, Christian Frederick. (14) Corporal. Son 

of Mrs. .\. C. Holden. Ormsby, Minn. 

Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, Sept. 15, 1891. Married. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
May 2, 1919, as private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. I, 53rd 
Inf., 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from 
U iboken, N. T., luly 6, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
July 17, 1918.' Engaged at Vosges Sector and Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U. S. Tune 12, 1919, discharged June 21, 1919. 



HINES, Lyle Wilbur. (7) First Lieutenant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles VV. Hines, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Dunlap. 111., June 25, 1895. Employed at Champaign, 
111., when enlisted in 1st Reserve Officers Training Camp, Ft. Sher- 
idan, 111. Commissioned 2nd lieut. of infantry, .Aug. 15, 1917. 
Assigned to Co. E, 343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, HI. 
Transferred to Co. M and Co. L, same command, at later dates. 
Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 14, 1918, arriving abroad 
Sept. 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 22, 1919. Discharged 
Feb. 14, 1919. 



HOLDEN, John. { 15) Private First Class. Son of 

Mrs. Karen Holden, Ormsby, Minn. 
Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, July 16, 1892, and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as a 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 159th Inf.. 40th 
Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Aug. 6, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Aug. 20, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. With Army of Occupation. Re- 
turned to U. S. Aug. 9, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
Aug. 15, "1919. Re-enlisted in Marines. 



HINES, Theodore John, (x) Private. Son of James 

Hines, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Westford Twp., Martin County. Resident of Pleasant 
Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
111., and assigned to Co. L. 7th Bn., Training and Replacement 
troops. Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas. Appendicitis operation while 
in service. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 2Z, 1918. 



HOLDEN, Otto M. (lU) Private. Son of Mrs. Flora 

Holden, Ormsby, Minn. 
Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, June 4, 1893. and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 191S, as 
private in artillery. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant and assigned 
to Battery F, 333rd Field .Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Robinson, 
Wis. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Dec. 18, 1918. Re-enlisted 
in Marines. 



125 



HOLLETT, Willis, (i) Mechanic. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. John H. Hollett. Cambridge, Ohio. 

Born Feb. 7. 1891. at Fleshington. Ohio. Residence when called 
to service. Fairmont, Minn. Called to federal service from Na- 
tional Guard at Fairmont, Minn., Tuly 15, 19 17. as private in 
infantry. National Guard. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th 
Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Trained at Camp Cody. Transferred 
in France to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Fmbarked from Ho- 
boken. N. J.. Oct. 13, igi8. Arrived at LeHavre. France. Oct. 
26, 1918. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
Aug. I, 1919. Discharged Aug. 8, igig, at Camp Dodge. 



HOWARD, Joseph Walter. (9) Private. Son of 

Mr. aiul Mrs. Martin C. Howard, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Sheldon, Iowa, July 22, 1895. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. April 6, 1918, as a private 
in vocational service, N. A. Sent to University of Cincinnati, 
Ohio, for training. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 23, 1918, 
arriving at a foreign port Aug. 8, 1918. Assigned in France 
to Hq. Co.. 15th Field Artillery, 2nd Div., and engaged at 
Champaigne and Meuse-Argonne. With Army of Occupation. 
Returned to U. S. Aug. 4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 



HOLTZ, Roy. (2) Private First Class. 

Born at Dayton, New York, May ii, 1894. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 25, igi8. as 
private in N. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and assigned to 
Hq. Co., 3Hth Ammunition Train, 86th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 25, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
Oct. 7, 191S. Reached France. Nov. 7. 1918. Returned to U. S. 
Jan. 29, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 8, 1919. 



HOWARD, Leo. (lO) Second Lieutenant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Martin C. Howard. Sherburn, Minn. 

Born in 188S. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when inducted at 
Fairmont. Tune 25. 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
Grant 111." Transferred to Reserve Officers Training Camp and 
commissioned 2nd lieut. Discharged Dec, 19 18. 



HOOVER, Frederick L. CD First Lieutenant. Smi 

of Mr. and Mrs. Marion Hoover, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at New York City, Aug. i, 1878. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
that place July 15, 1917. as ist Lieut, of infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
at Camp Cody, March 20. 1918. Previously served on Mexican 
border witli Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., 1916-17. 17 years additional 
National Guard service to which he returned as ist Lieut, of 
infantrv. 



HOUFER, Henry Frederick. (4) Private. Son of 

Mrs. Jo!in Schmidt. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Avoca, 111.. May 30, 1893. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
25, 1918, as private in infantry N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st 
Inf.. 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. K, 
139th Inf., 35th Div., at Camp Mills, N. Y. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., April 25, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
May IT. 1918, On detached service with Quartermaster Corps 
while abroad. Returned to U. S. April 24, 19 19, discharged at 
Camp Grant, 111., May 2, 19 19. 



HOUFER, Martin Theodore. {:>) Private First Class. 

Sun oi Mrs. John Schmidt. Fairmont. Minn. 
Employed at Wheaton, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, !Minn.. 
June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
D. 33-^"d Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111. Trained 
at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 
17, 19 1 8, arriving abroad Sept. 29th. Returned to U. S. July 
6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 



HOUGHTALING, Andrew Lyn. (G) Second Lieu- 
tenant. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmore HonghtalinL;, 
Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Apr. 10, 1893. Married. Served with 
Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., National Guard, on Mexican border. 
19 16- 1 7. Enlisted in Officers Training School at Ft. Snelling. 
Minn., May. 191 7. Commissioned 2nd Lieut., Aug. 15, 19 17. 
Assigned to Co. D, 122nd Machine Gun Bn.. 33rd Div.. at Camp 
Logan, Texas. Transferred to Co. D, 123rd M. G. Bn., 33rd 
Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. May 16. 19 18. arriving 
at Brest, France, May 24. 1918. Engaged at Amiens and .\Ibert 
(British front) and in Meuse-Argonne offensive. Relieved from 
duty with A. E. F., Oct. 3, 19 18, and returned to U. S. as 
machine gun instructor at Camp Hancock, Ga. Discharged at 
Camp Hancock, Ga., Dec. 18, 1918. 



HOWARD, Fred Emery. (T) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Ella Howard, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born May 20, l8gi at Farmingdale, III. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as 
Jirivate in engineers. N. A. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit 
Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 
7. I9I9- 



HOWELL, David Suydam. (11) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Henry G. Howell, I'^Hirniont, Minn. 
Horn at Jay Twp., Martin County, June i.;. 1897. Resident of 
Fairmont' Twp., JNIartin County, when inducted at Fairmont. 
Minn.. Oct. 24, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
Co. M. 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
to Ordnance Co. Xo. i. Ordnance Depot, Ft. Wingate, N. M. 
Discharged at that place May i, 1919. 



HUFFMAN, John. (12) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. A. M. Huffman, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Emmet Countv, Iowa, Sept. 10, 1895. Resident of Sil- 
ver Lake Twp-. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, June 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 341st 
Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to 
Co. L. 354th Inf., 89th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. 27, 1918. En- 
gaged at Meuse-.Xrgonnc. Returned to V. S. May 22, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 31, I9i9- 



HUGHES, Harry Orlando. (i:i) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Hugh W. Hughes, Belvidere, 111. 

r.orn at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn., July 20, 1895. 
Resident of that place when called to federal service from National 
(iuard, July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
France to Battery F, I2ist Field .\rtillerv. 3-nd Div., m France. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France, Tulv 12. 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S.'May 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
June I, 1919. 



HUNT, Walter Henry. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. 

J. E. Hunt, Wells, Minn. 
Born at Wells. Minn., Feb. 2, 1S92, and resident thereof when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
Tulv 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., 
and' assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in 
France to H(|. Co., 58th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. T., Tune 28, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, July 11, 
1918. 'Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to 
U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 
1919. 



HUNTE, August Frederick. (1.5) First Lieutenant. 

Son of Ludwig Hunte, Beecher, 111. 

Born at Beecher, 111., Aug. 5, 1870. Married, one child. Re- 
sided at Truman, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 18, 1917, as ist 
Lieut, in Medical Corps. U. S. A. .Assigned to Base Hospital 
at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Transferred to 55th Pioneer Inf., 
at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
\'a.. Sept. 14, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 28, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Dec. 17, 1918, and discharged June 10, 1919. 



HOWARD, John Lee. (s) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Mary L. Howard, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Farmingdale, 111., Oct. 17, 1893. Resident of Jay Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at F'airmont, Minn., Oct. 25, 
1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M. 
Never assigned. Ill in hospital during entire term of service and 
discharged for physical disability at Camp Cody, N. M., Nov. 
8, 1918. 



HURT, Barney Ray. (16) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
Jane Curtis, Jewell Junction, Iowa. 

Born at Pike County. Ind., Oct. 4, 189 1. Married. Served with 
Co. E, 2nd .Minn., Inf. on Mexican border, 1916-17. Called from 
National Guard to federal service July 15. 1917. as private in 
infantry. Discharged at Fairmont, Minn., on account of de- 
pendent relatives, Sept. 11, 1917. 



127 



: /xPtTlN cou> 




HYBBERT, William T. (II Private. Son of j\Ir. 
and Airs. John Hybbert. Dunnell, ^linn. 

Rorn at F.oone County, Iowa, Feb. 7, 1891. Resident of Lake 
Fremont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at I'airmont, Minn., 
July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, X. .\. Assigned to Hq. 
Company. 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadswortli, S. C. Em- 
barked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29, 19 18, arriving at 
Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1919. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S. June 36, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, III., 
July 3, 1919. 

HYDE, Lloyd Edwin. (2) Bugler. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. E. C. Hyde, Fairmont, Minn. 
Horn at F'airniont. Minn., May 15, 1896, resided there when en- 
listed at Minneapolis, Minn., May 10, 19 17, as private in engi- 
neers, Regular Army. Assigned to Co. B, 2nd Engineers at El 
Paso, Texas, later at Washington, D. C. Embarked from New 
York, Sept. 10, 1917, arriving at Lellavre, France, Oct. 9, 1917. 
Engaged at Chateau Thierry ( Belleau Wood), June 7, 191 8 to 
July 9, 1918. Out of action on July 8, 1918, acount of mustard 
gas, and eviiuatecl to hospital. Returned to U. S. Jan. 9, 1919, 
discharged at Jefferson Barracks, ilo., January 28, 1919. 



HYTRY, Peter John. ( ;j ) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Stan Hytry, Dancy, Wis. 

I'orn Nov. 12, 1892. at Lemon t. 111. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
25. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. C, 
119th Inf.. 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., May 11, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, May 
27, 1918. Engaged at Vpres, Bellicourt, Bnarglny, St. Souplet. 
Mazeougheim. Returned to V. S. Aug. 17, 1919, discharged 
Aug. 24, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



JACOBSEN, Nels C. (4) Wagoner. Son of Chris- 
tian Jacobsen, Haderup, Skive, Denmark. 
Rorn at that place July 21, 1886. Resident of Rolling Green 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Supply 
Company 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred in France to Co. F, 120th Inf., 30tli Div., later to Bat- 
tery D, 311th Field Artillery, 79th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Oct. 13, 191S, arriving at Lellavre. France, Oct. 27, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. May 28, 19,19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, June 9, 1919. 



JEFFRIES, Roy D. (\n Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Jas. A. Jeffries, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Toledo, Iowa, May 5, 1892. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 25, 1918, as private in 
artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery C, 333rd F. A., 86th Div., 
at Camp Grant, III., and trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 16, 19 18, arriving at Glas- 
gow, Scotland, Sept. 30, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 3, 1919, 
and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan, 19, 1919. 

JENSEN, Anton. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
Soren Jensen, Pedholt, Denmark. 

Born in Denmark Feb. 15, 1892. Resident of Jackson, Minn., 
when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn.. July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
K, 136th Inf., '34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
France to Battery F, 124th Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., fune 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng., 
July 9, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
June 8, 1919. 

JENSEN, Arthur Peter. (11) Corporal. Parents de- 
ceased. 
Born at Sherburn. Minn., Julv 17, 1898. Resident of Fox Lake 
T.vp., Martm Ccirty, when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. B. loist Engineers, 26th Div., 
later to 285th Military Police. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Tune 28, 1918, arriving at Lellavre. France. July 10, 1918. En- 
'gaged at Champaigne-Marne. Aisne-Marne. .St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Wounded, slightly, left temple, by shrapnel, Sept. 
25, 1918. at St. Mihiel. Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Nov. 4, ig^Q. 

JERNBERG, Fridolph John. (12) Mechanic. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. John Jcrnberj?, Fairmont, Minn. 
Boni at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 5. 1898. where he resided when 
called from National Guard to federal service at that place 
lulv 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in Germany 
to Co. L. 39th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 25, 1918. With 
Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919- Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, la., Aug. 13, 1919- 



JAHN, John Raymond. (.5) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
G. G. Jahn, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Nov. 27, 1897, at Brownsville, ]\linn. Resident of Rutland 
Twp., Martin County. Minn, when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., 
March 9, 1918, as private in Coast Artillery Corps, Regular Army. 
Assigned to Battery E, 91st Heavy Artillery, First Army. Trained 
at Ft. Banks, Boston Harbor, !Mass. Embarked from Boston, 
Mass., July 31, 1918. Arrived at Liverpool, Eng., Aug. 16, 1918. 
Returned to L^, S. Feb. 22, 1919. Discharged March 10, 1919, at 
Camp Grant, 111. Re-enlisted in Regular Army. 



JAMES, Clifford Eugene. (6) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John A. James, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born Dec. 27, i88g, at Anselmo, Neb. Resident of Elm 
Creek Twp., Martin Coynty. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
B, 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
France to Co. E, ii6th Engineers, later to 107th Engineer Train. 
32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, 
arriving at Liverpool, England, July 9, 1918. Engaged at Oise- 
Aisne and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 18, 1919, 
discharged June 1, 1919. 

JARDINE, Archie Wallace. (TJ Second Lieutenant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Jardine, Granada, Minn. 

Served 4 years in ist Minn. Field Artillery, National Guard. 
Employed at Minneapolis, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 15. 1914 at 
Ft. Snelling, Minn., in R. O. T. C. and commissioned as 2nd It. 
in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co. 337th Field Artillery, 
88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. 18, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg, France, Sept. 15, 
1918. Returned to XJ. S. in Jan., 1919, and discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Feb. i, 19 19. 

JEFFRIES, Clair N. (S) First Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Jeffries, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Traer, Iowa, March 7, 1893. Resident of Center Creek 
Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., 
June 25, 1917, as private in infantry, Regular Army. Assigned 
to Co. A, 4rst Inf., Ft. Snelling, Minn. Transferred to Co. E, 
69th Inf., loth Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Discharged at 
Camp Funston, Kansas, Feb. 4, 19 19. 



JERNBERG, Gus H. (13) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John Jernberg, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. ii, 1894, where he resided when 
inducted at that place May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. 
A. Assigned to Co. A, 361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, July 19, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, 
Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. April 15, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 26, 1919. 



JERNBERG, Hjalmer E. (14) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. John Jernberg, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, j\Iinn. in 1896, and resident thereof when 
enlisted at Fairmont Sept. 18, 19 18, as private in S. A. T. C. 
Assigned to Dun woody Institute, Minneapolis, Minn., for train- 
ing and discharged at that place Dec. 9, 1918. 



JERROW, Robert John. (15) Corporal. Son of 

Mrs. Sarah Jerrow, Trurnan, Minn. 
Born at Lexington, 111., July 26, 1877. Married, 2 children. 
Served in Philippines during Spanish- American War with Co. 
D. 1st South Dakota Volunteer Inf. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April i, 19 18, as private in 
artillery, Regular Army. Assigned to Battery B, 74th Regt., C. 
A. C. at Ft. Hamilton, Brooklyn, N. Y. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Sept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 7, 
1918, Returned to \J. S. Dec. 22, 1918, discharged Jan. 9, 1919- 



JOHN, Tally E. (16) Sergeant. Son of William 
John, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Born at Des Moines, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1895. Resident of Appleton, 
Swift Co., Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
at various times in France to Battery C, 123rd Field Artillery, 
33rd Div., Co. D. 320th Inf., Soth Div., and Battery E, 314th 
F'ield Artillerv, Soth Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
June 27, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 14, 19 18. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded, left 
leg, shrapnel, slight, in Meuse-Argonne ofFensive Sept. 29, 1918. 
In hospital as result of wound five weeks. Returned to U. S. 
May 28, 1919, discharged June 1 1, 1919. 



129 



JOHNSON, Albert Julius, CD Private. Born at 

Harplinge, Sweden, April 14, 1892. 
Resident of Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
at Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 1918. as i)rivate in infantry. Sent 
to Camp Wadswortli. S. C, and assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
Inf. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 30, 19 iS, ar- 
riving at Brest. France, Sept. 12, igi8. Engaged at Meuse-Ar- 
goniie. Returned to U. S. June 25, 1919, discharged at Ft. 
D. A. Russell. Wyoming, July 16, 1919. 



JOHNSON. August W. CM Sergeant. Son of Vic- 
tor Johnson, Dunnell, Minn. 

Born at Boone County, Iowa, Oct, 2, 1889. Resident of Sherburn, 
^linn., when enlisted at Ft. SnelUng, Minn.. Sept. 21, 1917. as 
private in engineers. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. F, 21st 
Engineers, at Camp Grant, III. Transferred in France to 503rd 
Service Bn.. later 4th Engineer Service Co. Again transferred 
to Co. F. 281I1 Engineers and Co. E. same command. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., Nov. 26, 1917, arriving at St. Xazaire, 
France, Dec. 10, 1917. Engaged in railroad operation in France 
during period of hostilities. Returned to U. S. May 23, 19191 
discharged June 2, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 



JOHNSON, Chris. (3) Private. Son of ^Fr. and 
Mrs. Geo. W. Johnson, Triumph, Minn. 

Born July 19. 1897. at Waverly Twp., Martin County. ]\Iinn. 
Resident of Waverly Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Oct. 22, 19 1 8. as private in engineers. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1919. 



Cami) Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Taken ill 
at Camp Robinson, Aug. 10, 1918. with tubercular peritonitis. 
At U. S. (jeneral Hospital No. 21, Denver, Colo., several months. 
Discharged at Denver, Colo., Nov. 6, 1919. with total disability. 



JOHNSON, John, (it) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Geo. W. Johnson, Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Waverly Twp,, Martin County, Aug. 2S, 1895, and resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2, 19 18, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 318th Supply 
Train, 6th Div., at Camp Wads worth, S. C. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., July 14. 19 18, arriving at Leila vre, France, 
July 31, 19 18. Engaged at \'osges Sector and Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U. S. June 22, 1919. discharged July 3, i9'9i at 
Camp Grant. 111. 



JOHNSON, Lawrence, (lit) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Gus Johnson, Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Calamus, Iowa. April 2, 1894. Resident of Waverly 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 
26, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery F, 
39th Field Artillery, Camp Lewis, Wash. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 8, 19 19. 



JOKIE, H. H. CUJ Private. 



Born in 1899. Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
17, 1917. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Transferred and sent overseas. No further record. 



JOHNSON, Clarence Marshal. (4) Private. Son ol: 
Oscar Johnsdu, Sherluirn, Minn. 

Born at Martin County, Minn., April 22, 1896. Resident of Elm 
Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 
344th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918. arriving at Liverpool. England, 
Sept. 21, 19 18. Returned to L'. S. July 8. 1919. discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 19, 1919. 



JOHNSON, Donald Warner. (5) Second Lieutenant. 

Son of Dr. and Mrs. II. P. Johnson, Fairmont, 
Minn. 

Born at Long Prairie, Minn., July 31, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted Dec. 13, 19 17, at Chicago, 111., as flying 
cadet in Aviation Section, Signal Corps, Regular Army. Trained 
at V. S. Army Military School of Aeronautics, Urbana, 111. 
Commissioned Nov. 4, 1918, as flying officer. Served at Kelly 
Field, Texas; Rockwell Field, San Diego, Calif.; Post Field, 
Lawton, Okla. : Camp Boyd, El Paso. Texas. On Mexican border 
flying patrol. Discharged July 1, 1919. 



JOHNSON. Edward Manuel. ( c, ) Private. Parents 

deceased. 
Born Aug. 10, 1891, at Nicollet County, Minn. Resident of 
Sherburn, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 341st 
Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Hqs. Co. 
312th Inf., 78th Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to \J. S. May 25, 19 19, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 2, 1919. 



JOHNSON, Fred Jurgen. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Jurgen Johnson, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Friesland, Germany, Aug. 23, 1892. Married, one child. 
Employed at Topeka, Kansas, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Aug. 26, 1918 as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
■Grant, 111., and assigned to 15th Co., i6ist Depot Brigade. Dis- 
■charged on account of physical disqualifications on Aug. 28, 
1918. Died at Welcome, Minn., of influenza, Oct. 11, 1918. 



JONES, Arthur. (12) Private First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Homer C. Jones. I'*airmont, Minn. 

Born Oct. 21, 1898, at Sherburn, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., June 28, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 13 ist Base Hospital 
2nd Army Corps. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 12, 
1918, arriving at Cherbovirg, France. Oct. 24, 1Q18. Returned to 
U. S. June 3, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June i*, 
1919. 



JONES, Ernest. (13) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Clifford E. Jones of Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Feb. 3, 1901. Resident 
of I'airmont when enlisted in S. A. T. C. in Oct., 1918. Sent 
to Mamline L^niversity, St. Paul, for training. Discharged Dec, 
19 1 8. 



JONES, Frank O. (14) Sergeant. Son of C. B. 

Jones, Ames, Iowa. 

Born at Coon Rapids, Iowa, Aug. 4. 1886. Resident of Fairmont, 
I^Iinn., when inducted at that place July 26. 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned'to Hq. "Co. 54th Pioneer Inf., at 
Cami) Wads worth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News. Va., 
Aug. 29, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 19 18. En- 
gaged in ileuse-Argonne oflfensive. With Army of Occupation, 
Returned to V. S. June 23, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 
111., July 3, 1919. 



JONES, Glenn Allen. (15) Private. Son of Mr, and 

Mrs. I'eter Jones, Winnehago, Minn. 

Born at Youngstown, 111., April 16, 1882. Married. Resident 
of Winnebago, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Supniy Company, 123rd Field Artillery, 
33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, ar- 
riving abroad July 11, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to V. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 



JOHNSON, Henry R. ( s ) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. A. J. Johnson, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born Nov. 27, 1895, at Boone, Iowa. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., 
when inducted at F'airmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in 
artillery, N. A. Assigned to Field Artillery, 86th Div., at 



JONES, John E. (10) Private. 

Born in 1889. Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
15, 191 7, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., 
and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in 
1918 and sent overseas. No further record. 



131 



JORGENSEN, Christian S. (1) Private. Parents 
(Mr. and Mrs. Jens C. Jorgensen) live at Onsel, 
Denmark. 

Born at Onsel, Denmark, AFarcli 8, 1885. Came to United States 
in 1913, making home with Mr. and Mrs. Nels Nelson, East Chain 
Twp., working at Xewell, Iowa, when inducted at Storm Lake, 
Iowa, July 18, 1918. as a private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 
Co. I, 347th Inf.. 87th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge and Camp 
Pike. Embarked from New York. June 20. ^1918. arrived in 
France July 7. 1918. Engaged at Soissons, St. Mihiel, Cham- 
paigne, Meuse-Argonne. Severely wounded Nov. 4, 1918, by 
machine gun fire — left foot, right leg, and right hand. Returned 
to U. S. April 17, 1919. Discharged May 2, 1919. at Camp 
Dodge, with 25 per cent disability as result of wounds. Natural- 
ized while in the army. 



JORGENSEN, Eli M. {'2) Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and .Mrs. Julm Jorgensen. Ornishy, Minn, 

Resident of Galena Twp., Martin County, wlien inducted at Fair- 
mont. ]Minn., Feb. 26, 1918. as private in engineers, N. A. As- 
signed to 48th Co., 20th Engineers. Trained at Camp Dodge 
and Wasliington, D. C. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., May 
22, 1918. Arrived at Brest. France, May 31. 1918. Returned to 
U. S. June 21, 1919. Discharged June 30, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. 



JORGENSEN. Harry Alvin. (3) Private. Son of 

Mr. antl Mrs. Hans Jorgensen. Fairmont, Minn. 

Rorn March 5, 1895. at Cedar Falls, Iowa. Resident of Silver 
Lake Twp., Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., June 26, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. L, 344th Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111. Embarked 
from Hohoken. N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 21, 
1918. Returned to *U. S. March 24. 1919, discharged April 4, 
1919. 



KASPERSON, Luie Oliver. (0) Private First Class. 

Son of Air. and Mrs. Peter Kasperson, Granada, 
Minn. 

Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, March 9, 1896, 
and resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 15, 1918, as truck driver, general service. Trained at 
University of Minnesota and Camp Sherman, Ohio. Assigned 
to Co. B, 327th Machine Gun Battalion, 84tb Div., at Camp 
Sherman. Ohio. Transferred to 250th Military Police Co. Em- 
barked from Quebec, Canada, Sept. 4, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, 
France. Sept. 18, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 15, 1919. dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 23, 1919- 



KAMINSKI, Frank, (in) Private. Son of Mr. and 
AFrs. l^rank Kaniinski, Sihor Lake Twp., ^lartin 
Co., Minn. 
Born Jan. 7. 1896, at Peru, 111. Resident of Silver Lake Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 
1918, as a private in infantry. Assigned to camp units at Camp 
Grant, 111. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 7, 1919. 



KEELER, William Newell, (ll) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Geo. M. Keeler, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, Jan. 20, 1S96. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont. Minn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred to Hcj. Company, 34th Div., later to enlisted per- 
sonnel Hq., 34th Div. as topographer. Transferred in France to 
Co. E, 49th Inf. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 17, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre, France. Oct. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
Jan. 16, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 19, igig. 



JUHL, Chris Hans. (4) Private. Son of Hans Julil. 
Fulda, Minn. 

Unrn at West Liberty, Iowa. Jan. 11, 1888. Married, 3 children. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 
5. 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 5th Co., i6tst 
Depot Brigade, Camp Grant. 111. Transferred to Co. A. 4th Bn.. 
Inf., Replacement Troops. Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged 
Dec. 23, 1918 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



KAHLER, Freddie Henry. (5) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kahler. Slierburn. Minn. 

Born at that place June 9, 1894, and resident thereof when In- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Assigned to Co. No. 5, 1 6 1 st Depot Brigade, at Camp 
Grant, 111. Ill in hospital at Camp Grant, Oct. 1 to Nov. 9, 
1918. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 12, 1918. 



KAHLER, Edwrard Louis, (fi) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kahler, Sherburn, 
Minn. 

Born at Sherburn. Minn.. Jan. 9, 1894. Resident of Manyaska 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 
26, 19 1 8, as private in infantry. Assigned to Hqs. Co., 54th 
Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from New- 
port News. \'a., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
29, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 



KANTACK, Bennie PauL (7) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Albert Kantack, Winnebago, Minn. 
Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, March 22, 1S98, and 
resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
22, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
Ga., and assigned to recruit training company. Discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 19 19. 



KANTACK, Joseph. (8) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Albert Kantack, Winnebago. Minn. 

Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County. Minn., Oct. 16, 1894. 
Resident of Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
l-'airmont, Minn., as private in Motor Transport Corps. Assigned 
to duty at Camp Grant. 111., serving at that place until discharged 
at Camp Grant, April 26, 1919. 



KEITH, Lester. ( l::") Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Geo. L. Keith, Martinsville. 111. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 
-M. 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E. 115th 
Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Discharged for physical 
disability at Camp Cody. N. M., May 22, 191S. 



KEITH AHN, Ralph Richard, (l.!) Private. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. R. 11. Keithahn, Fairmont, Alinn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 29, 1898. Resident of Silver 
Lake Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Northfield, Minn., 
Oct. II, 19 18, as a private in the S. A. T. C. Trained at 
Carieton College, Northfield, Minn. Discharged at Northfield, 
Minn., Dec. 11, 1918. 



KELLANDER, Knute Seth. (14^ Private. Parents 
deceased. 

Resident of East Chain Twp., Mai tin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, 
S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, ar- 
riving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1919. Engaged at Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 19 19, discharged at 
Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 



KELLERMAN, William Frederick. (15) Corporal. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ferdinand Klindt, Sherburn, 
Minn. 

Born at St. Paul, Minn., March 13, 1893, and employed at that 
place when enlisted at St. Paul, July 12, 1917, as private in 
infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. B, 41st Inf., loth 
Div., at Ft. Snelling, Minn., later to Camp Funston, Kansas. 
Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 23, 19 19. 



KELLY, Edw^ard P. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Kelly, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, and resident 
thereof when inducted ^t Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 19 18, as 
private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 332nd Field 
Artillery 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Rob- 
inson, Wis. Transferred m France to 6th Engineer Trains. 
Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 16, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France. Oct. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 17, 1919. 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111., May 29, 1919- 



133 





_.:J 



KELLY. James Eugene. (U Private. Son of Mrs. 

Mary Kelly, I'airmont, Minn. 
)Jorn at Kutliton, Minn., Nov. 17, 1888. Resident cf Kairir.unt. 
Minn., wlien inducted at that place Sept. 21. 1917- Sent to 
Camp Dodge. Iowa, and from there to Camp Cody, N. M.. where 
he was assigned to Co. B. 109th Eng.. 34th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, X. T., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. Eng- 
land. Sept. 29, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919- 



KELLY, Thad. E. (2) Private. Son of Mrs. Mary 

Kelly, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Pipestone. Minn.. March 8. 1883. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks. Mo.. June 29, 1918. 
as private in Coast Artillery Corps. Regular Army. Physically 
disqualified and discharged. July 17. 1918. 



KELZ, Andrew Carl. (3) Saddler. Son of Mrs. 
Mary Kelz. Ceylon, Minn. 

Born at Sherburn. Minn., May 30, 1889. Resident of Ceylon. 
Minn., when inducted at Tairmont, Minn.. Feb. 25. 1918, as 
private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to 350th Field Hospital. 
313th Sanitary Train, 8Sth Div., as Saddler, at Camp Dodge. 
Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 1918. arriving 
at LeHavre, [-"ranee, Sept. 5. 1918. Engaged at Haute- Alsace. 
France. Returned to U. S. Jujie -i, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge. Iowa. June 15. 1919. 



KENT, Clarence Earl. (4) Sergeant First Class. 

Son of Fred E. Kent, Janesvillc, Minn. 

Born at Nevada, Iowa, Sept. 20, 1895. Served on Mexican border 
1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Winnebago. 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 19 1 7, as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, i.^6th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred to 109th Field Signal Bn., 34th Div., to 235th .'Vero 
Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas, and to 615th .Aero Squadron at 
.Souther Field. Ga. Bayonet instructor at Officers Training School 
at Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, \. J.. Oct. jj. 
igi8, arriving at Liverpool, England, Nov. 8, 1918. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 24, 1919. 



KIBBE, Lawrence Allen. (0) Second Lieutenant. 

Son of M'. and Mrs. F. E. Kibbe, Granada, Minn. 

Born Dec. 9. 1S95, at Deep River, Iowa. Resident of Granada, 
i\Iinn., when enlisted at Ft. Des Moines. Iowa. July i, 1917, as 
private in infantry. National Guard, in federal service. .Assigned 
to Co. B, ist Iowa Inf., .\. G., later changed to Co. B, 133rd 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 4th Re- 
serve Officers Training School, Camp Cody, N. M. and com- 
missioned. Instructor in infantry tactics, infantry replacement 
training camp at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged Dec. 
7, 1918. 

KIETZER, Edwin Arnold. (10) Private First Class. 

Son of Airs. M. .\. Kietzer, Truman, Alinn. 

Married. Born at Blue Earth County. Minn.. June 12. 1S92. 
Resident of Truman. Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, 
Mo. Feb. 5. 1917. as private in Quartermaster Corps, Regular 
Army Trained at lefTerson Barracks, Mo., and assigned to 
Remount Station. Southern Department, at Ft. Reno. Okla., where 
he served continuously throughout the war. Discharged March 
25. 1920. 

KILBRIDE, Leo William. (11") Corporal. Son of 

J...lin Kilbride, .\llicrt Lea, Minn. 

Born at .\lbert Lea. Minn., .-\pril 1;. 1S94. Resident of Fairniont, 
Minn when called to federal service from National Guard at 
that place Tulv 15, 1917, as private in infantry. .Assigned to 
Co E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
in France to Co. M. 19th Inf.. 4tli Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N T Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, about Oct. 22, 
1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6. 1910, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, .\ug. 13. 1919. 

KITZEROW, Elmer H. (l~') Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry F. Kitzerow, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Frankfort, 111., Oct. 25, 1895. Resident of Truman. 
Minn., when inducted =lt Fairmont Minn.. Feb. 25, '918. as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 35ist Inf., 88th 
Div at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to 43rd Engineers at 
Washington. I). C. Transferred in France to 4^n(l E"^'"^^," 
and later to 45th Co., 20th Engmeers. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N I May 10, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 23- '9i8- 
Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, June 9, 1919, 



KENNEDY, Joseph A. (.-.) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Michael Kennedy, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born March 22, 1896, at Dwiglit, 111. Employed at Swea City. 
Iowa, when inducted at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 22, 19 17. as 
private in infantry, N. A. -Assigned to Co. F, 350th Inf., 88th 
Div., at Camp Dodge. Transferred to Co. G, 347th Inf.. 87th 
Div., at Camp I'ike, .Arkansas, later to Signal r)etacliment, Hq. 
Co., same organization. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., .Aug. 
24, 191S, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 22, 1918. Returned 
to U. S. Dec. 31, 1918, discharged Jan. 18. 1919, at Camp Sher- 
man, Ohio. 



KLEINSCHMIDT, Adolph Edward, (i:;) Corpo- 
ral. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Kleinschmidt, Fair- 
mont, Minn. 
Born at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County, Feb. ^o, .1895. anJ 
resident of that place when inducted at I'airmont Minii., .luly 
26 IQ18. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 
54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from 
Newport News. Va., Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at Brest, France, 
Sent. 12. igi8. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
Tune 26, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. July 3, 1919- 



KENNEDY, John P. (il) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Michael Kennedy, Fairmont, Minn. 

Employed at Swea City. Iowa, when enlisted at Ft. Dodge, 
Iowa, May 29, 1917, as jirivate in infantry. Regular .Army. As- 
signed to Co. E, 42nd Inf.. and transferred to Co. E, 43rd Inf. 
Stationed at various military posts and camps in the United 
States and still in service. June i. 1920. 



KESLER, Paul Stanley. (T) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Wilbiirn Kesler, Winnebago, Minn. 

Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Dec. 9, 1897. Married. 
Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to federal service 
from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. M, 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., October 13. 191S, arriving at Liverpool, 
England, (Jet. 2^, 1918. Under medical treatment from Nov. 16, 
1918, to end of service. Returned to L^ S. about Jan. 1, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 3, 1919. 



KLEINSCHMIDT, Gustave A. (14) Private. Son of 

Fred Rleinschmidt. Springtield, Minn. 
Born at Wheatland. N. D., Dec. 5, 1893. Resi'dent of Fair- 
mont. Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co.. 54th Pioneer 
Inf Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
\'a ' \ug 29 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Taken ill with pneumonia and 
diphtheria at the front Sept. 29, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 
16. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, III., I'eh. 3, 1919. 

KLENZ, Walter F. (15) Private First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Louis Klenz, Peotone, 111. 
Born at Peotone^ 111., Oct. 24. 1892. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place July 25. 1918, as private 
in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. I. 341st Inf.. 86th Div., 
at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to Co. E. 105th 
Inf., 27th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Oct. 20, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre. France. Nov. 3, 19'8. Returned to U. b. 
March 6, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 31, 1919- 



KESSLER, Frank. (S) Corporal. Parents deceased. 

Born at SumniersviUe. West \'a.. Nov. 28. 1892. Served on 
Mexican border in 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resi- 
dent of Truman, Minn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private 
in infantry. .Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. .A, 144th Inf., 36tli 
Div., later to Co. D. same command. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J.. Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, l-'rance, Oct. 31), 1918. 
Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919. discharged June 16, 1919, 



KLUG, Paul Carl. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Carl King. Ceylon, Minn. 
Born at Tenhassen Twp.. Martin County. Minn., June 26, 1894. 
Resident of Lake Belt Twp-, Martin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
.Assigned to Co. L. 351st Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to Co. D, 33rd Engineers, at Camp Devens, Mass. 
Embarked from Hoboken, .N. J., May 10. 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, May 25, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 2, 1919, dis- 
charged June 12, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



135 



KNOLL, Edward Elmer. (1) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Fred Kntill. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at St. James. Minn., April 21, 1894. Tliree years service 
in Minnesota National Guard. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
when inducted at that place May 26. 1918, as private in infantry, 
X. A. Assigned to Co. K, 364th Inf., gist Div.. at Camp Lewis. 
Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12. 1918. arriving 
at LeHavre, France, July 19, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel 
and Meuse-Argonne. Severely wounded, both hands, by machine 
gun fire in Argonnes. Sept. 28, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 
II, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 24, 1919- 



KLUSENDORF, Henry R. (2) Private First Qass. 

Son of Henry KUisendorf, Welcome. Minn. 
Born at Papaneam, 111., in 1892. Resident of Fraser Twp., Martin 
County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 26, 19 18. as 
private in medical corps, N. A. Assigned to duty at Ease Hos- 
pital, Camp Lewis, Wash. Discharged April 8, igig. 



KLUSENDORF, Herman Frederick. ( ;; ) Corporal. 

Son of Henry Klusendorf, Welcome. Minn. 
"Born at Martinton. III., Feb. i.^. 1896. Resident of Fraser 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 21, 
19 1 7, 3s a private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, and from there transferred to Camp Cody, N. ^L, where he 
was assigned to Co. K, 136th Inf. Transferred to 245th Bakery 
Co. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 11. 1918. Returned to 
U. S. in June. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 
2J, 1919. 



KNOLL, Fred J. (4) Sergeant. Son of Air. and 
Mrs. Fred Knoll. Fairnnint. Minn. 

Born at Waseca. Minn., Oct. 13, 1890. Previously served in Co. 
E, 2nd Inf., Minn. Xational Guard. Employed at Dundee. 111., 
when inducted at Elgin. 111., .Sept. 18. 1917, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 342nd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 
111. Transferred to Co. H, 130th Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, 
Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 18. 1918, arriving 
at Brest. France. May 24, 1018. Engaged at the Somme, St. 
Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed Xov. id, 1918. Citation for 
Distinguished Service Cross. Nov. in, 1918. Returned to (J. S. 
Feb. 7, 19 1 9, discharged with disability. May u, 19 19. 



KNUDSEN, Knud C. C. ) Private. Son of Xels C. 
Knndsen, Skeve, Denmark, where he was born 
Aug. 7, 1894. 

Came to U. S. in 19 14. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., when 
inducted at that place May 2j, 1918. as private in infantry, N. 
A. .Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
Wash. Transferred in France to Co. M, iiotli Inf., 28th Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., June 5. 1918, arriving at 
LeHavre, France, June 20, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 16, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 26, 1919. 



KOENECKE, Charlie. (9) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 

Maggie Krielis. Huntington, Iowa. 

Born at Blue Island. III., May 23, 1887. Employed at Chicago, 
111., when inducted May it, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, and assigned to 6th Div., Am- 
munition Train. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., July 14, 1918, 
arriving at Liverpool, England. July 26, 1918. Engaged at 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 11, i9'9. discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., June 2^. 1919- 



KOERNER, William H. (aO) Private First Class. 

Parents deceased. ■ '^' ■ *^' 

Born June 6, 1887, and resided in Jay Twp.; Martin County, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Sept. 21. 1917. as a 
private in Inf., X. A. Trained at Camp Cody, N. M. Assigned 
to Co. B. 135th Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in France to Co. T, 
166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. June 28, 
1918. Arrived at T^Havre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at 
Chateau-Thierry. With Army of Occupation. Returned to -LT. S., 
April 25. 1919.' Discharged May 12, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



KOLB, Otto Henry. (U) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Martin Kolb. Norwood Park, 111. 

Born at Xiles, Cook Co., 111.. Feb. 9. 1895. Resident of Ceylon, 
^linn.. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent 
to Camp Grant. 111., and assigned to 6th Co., i6ist Depot Brigade. 
Transferred to Camp Hancock, Ga., Oct. i, 1918. In hospital 
for influenza and pneumonia 10 weeks. Discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111., March 8, 1919* 



KOROLEWSKI, Stanley A. ( i:.' » Private First Class. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Korolewski, Fair- 
mont. Minn. 

Born Nov. 15, 1896, at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Resident of Silver Lake Twp., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
Sept. 21. 19 1 7, as private in infantry. X. A. .\ssigned to Co. 
E, 135th Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. 
M, 30th Inf., 3rd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X^. t.. Tune 27. IQ18. .Xr rived at LeHavre. France, July 14, 
1918. Engaged at Charmel-Chau. River \'esle, St. Mihiel, Aisne- 
Marne. \'esle Sector. Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
23, 1919. Discharged Aug. 28, 19'9. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



KOTEWA, Stanley Edward, (i::) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Kotewa, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Silver Lake, Martin County, Oct. 7, 1892. Married. 
Resident of Silver Lake Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Feb. 25. 1918, as private in infantry. X. A. .Assigned to Co. 
L, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at Canr) Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
to Co. E. 49lh Inf. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. July 27, 
igi8. arriving at Brest. France, Aug. 6. 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
Argonne and Thiaucourt. Returned to -U. S. May 11, 1919* 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 24. 1919- 



KNUTH, William Ernest, (fj) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Knuth, Dunnell, Minn. 
Eorn at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, Nov. 28, 1892, and resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18, as 
private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. A, 314th Ammunition 
Train, 89th Div. Trained at Camps Dodge, LTpton, and Mills. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N^. J.. June 28. 191S, arriving at 
Liverpool, England, July 10, 19 18. Engaged at !Meuse-Argonne 
offensive Sept. 26 to Xov. 11, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 24, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 4, 1919. 



KRAFT, George M. (14) Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Kraft, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fox Lake Twp., Martin County. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 24, 1918. as private 
in infantrv. X. A. Assiened to Co. L, 351st Inf., Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J.. Aug. 15. 1018, nrnvnig 
at Cherbourg. France, Sept. 6, 19 18. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. 
Returned to"^ U. S. May 31. 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. June 9, 1919- 



KOCH, John. (7) Private. Son of Frank Koch, 
Welcome, Minn. 

Born in Germany, July 21, 1896. Resident of Welcome, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Aug. 8, igi8, as private in 
infantry. X. .-\. Assigned to loth Bn. at Camp MacArthur, 
Texas. Transferred to Camp Merritt, 42nd Co. O. A. R. D. 
Discharged Dec. 18, igiS, at Cam]) Dodge, Iowa. 



KOCH, Louis E. (s) Private First Class. Sou of 

Mr. and Mrs. Fred Koch. Roselle, 111. 
Eorn at DuPage County, 111., Nov. 23, 1S90. Resident of Jay 
Twp., Martin Covnity, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
3, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 5th 
Training Regiment, Camp Grant, 111. Transferred successively 
to Base Hospital No. 134, Camp Wadsworth, .S. C. ; General 
Hosjiital No. 23, Hot Springs, N. C. : and General Hospital 
No. 12 at Biltmore, M. C. Discharged at Camp Dodge, luwa, 
Aug. 30, 1919. 



KRAMER, August E. (1,5) Private. Son of Mr. and 

.Mrs. Hfury Kramer, Triumph, Minn. 

r.orn at Peoria, III. Resident of Triumph, Minn., when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn.. April 29, 1918, as private in the medical 
corps, N. A. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co., 313th Sanitary 
Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
.\'. J., July II, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, ".Xug. 31, 
1918. Engaged at Haute- .\lsace. Returned to LT. S. June 4, 
1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 15, 1918. 



KRAMER, Carl Charley. (Hi) Corporal. Son of 

Mrs. Fred Kramer, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at that place May 4, 1897, and resident thereof when 
enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 29, 1918, as private in Coast 
.\rtillerv Corps, Regular Armv. Assigned to Hq. Co., 38th 
Regt., C. A. C, at Camp Eustis, Va. Discharged March 28, 1919. 



137 



KRAUSE, Oswald Herman, (l) First Sergeant. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. I. \\. Kraiise. F"airniont, Minn. 
Born April 19. 1897. at Alpha, Minn. Resident of Jackson, 
Minn., when enlisted May j8, 191 8. as private in Ordnance 
Corps, N. A. Trained at Camp Raritan. X. J. Assiened to 
Arsenal at Canri Raritan, N, J., Transferred to U. S. Chemical 
Plant, Saltville. \'a. Promoted sergeant and ist sergeant. Dis- 
charged from Chemical Warfare Service, June 30, 1919, at Camp 
Dodge. Iowa. 



KRUSE, Lloyd Ronald. (9) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry C. Kruse, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at that place Dec. jg, 1895. and resident thereof whtn 
called from National (iuard to federal service at Fairmont. Minn., 
July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
to 164th Inf., 41st Div.. later to ii6th Supply Train. Emharked 
from Hoboken. X. J., .\pril 6. 1918. arriving at Brest. France. 
April 14, 1918. Returned to U. S. Marcli 26, 1919. discharged at 
Camp Dodge, April 5, 191 9. 



KROENKE, H. O. (2) Sergeant. 

Born in 1896. Resident of Minnesota Lake, Minn., when called 
to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., 
July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N, M. 
and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div. Embarked in Oct., 
1918. Transferred in France. No further record. 



KRUSE, Vernon Maurice. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henr\' C. Krnse, Welcome. Minn. 

Born at that place Nov. 21, 1898. and resident thereof when 
enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. Oct. 11. 1918, as private in 
S. A. T. C. at University of Minnesota, 2nd Co., ist Regt. 
Discharged Dec. iS. 1918. at Minneapolis, Minn. 



KRUEGER, Herman Peter. (:;) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Wilhelni Krueger, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born July 5, 1897, at O'Brien County. Iowa. Resident of Lake 
Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
Oct. 22, 191S, as private in Engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp 
Forrest. (la., and assigned to Co. C, 124th Engineers. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



KRUMHOLZ, Elbert E. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 

and .Mrs. Aug. Krumholz, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at ]''airmont, Minn., Feb. 2, 1895. Resided there when in- 
ducted at that place July 15, 1918, as private, general service, N. 
A. .'\ssigned to Co. .\, at Ounwoody Institute, Minneapolis, for 
training. Transferred to Co. G, i rth Depot Bn., .Army Service 
Corps, at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Nov. 2. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 9, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Aug. 3, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
111., .\ug. II. 1919. 



KUETHER, Herbert Fredrik. ill) Private. Son of 
J. F. Kuetlier, Sirin, Wisconsin. 

Born Oct. 28, 1893, at Faribault, Minn. Employed at St. 
James, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th Pioneer 
Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
and discharged July 3, 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 



KUFFEL Felix J. (l.M Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Feii.K KniTel. Delhi, 111. 
Born at Spring Valley, 111., Aug. 28, i8go. Resident of Truman, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sent 5, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. .\. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., from there 
to Camp Flancock, Ga., and assigned to Co. E 3rd Bn Machine 
Gun Training Center. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
28, 1919. 



KRUMHOLZ, John. (5) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Aug. Krumholz, Fairmont, Alinn. 
Born at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 24, 1888. Resided there when in- 
ducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917, as iirivate in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. E, 135th Inf., 34tli Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Discharged for physical disability at Camp Cody, X. M., Feb. 
16, 1918. 



KUJUWA, John. (13) Private. 

Born in uSgi Permanent lionie is at Owatonna, Minn. Resided 
in Fairmont Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at that place, July 15. 1917. as private in infantry, bent 
to Camp Codv. N. M., and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th 
Div. Transferred in June, 1918, and sent overseas. Returned in 
1919. No further record. 



KRUMHOLZ, Louis J. (6) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Airs. .\ug. Ivrumholz, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born May 14, 1890, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that 
place when enlisted at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 5, 1917. as 
private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E. 338th Field 
Artillery, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. 18, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. France, Sept. 14, 
1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 5, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 17, 1919. 



KRUMWIEDE, Otto A. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 

and .Mrs. Henry Krumwiede. Welcoine. Minn. 
Born March 28, 1895, at Galena Twp., Martin County. Married, 
I child. Employed at Big Sandy, Mont., when inducted at Ft. 
Benton, Mont., Jan. 2, 1918. as a private in infantry, -X. -\. As- 
signed to Co. F, 117th Supply Train, 42nd Div., at Camp Lewis, 
Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., March 14, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, .\pril 3, 1918. Engaged at Soissons, Chateau- 
Thierry, Champaigne, St. Miliiel. Meuse-Argonne and Toul Sector. 
Run over by truck, right leg fractured^, in Argonnes Nov. i, 1918. 
Discharged with 20 per cent disability. Returned to U. S. 
March 4, 1919, discharged at Ft. Snelling, ilinn., June 23, 1919. 



KUMLE, Anton Cornelius. (14) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Bernt Kumle, Madclia, Minn. 

Born in Norway. .April 27. 1893. Resident of Madeha, Minn., 
when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn., July 13, 1917, as private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. 
E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
in France to ist Engineers, ist Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N J. June 28, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, July 10, 191S. 
Engaged at Soissons. Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Ar- 
gonne- Wounded Oct. 5, 1918, in face and leg by high ex- 
plosive shell in .Argonnes. Returned to U. S. Aug. 28, 1919. 
discharged at Camp Grant. 111.. Sept. 25, 1919. 



KUNTZ, Roy Frederick. (1.5) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry Kuntz, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Strawn. 111., July 9. 1898. Resident of Jay Twp., Mar- 
tin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, 
as private in engineers, N. -A. Assigned to 13th Provisicinal 
Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge. 
Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



KRUSE, Claude Julius. (8) Private. Son of Mr. and 
-Mrs. J. F. Kruse. Manning, Iowa. 

Born at Manning, Iowa, Oct. 19, 1894. Resided at Ceylon, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26. 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. .-\. .Assigned to Co. K, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp 
Lewis, Washington. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 
1918. arriving at LeHavre, F'rance, July 20, 1918. Engaged at 
St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded by high explosive 
shell, slightly, in Argonnes, Sept. 27, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
.April I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 



LANDE, Elmer D. (16) Corporal Parents deceased. 
Born at Watonwan County, Minn., Aug. 19, 1898. Resi- 
dent of Jackson. Minn., when called from National Guard 
to federal service at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as 
private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at 
Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. M, 39th Inf., 
4th Div.; later to Co. F. same regiment. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. T.. Oct. 13, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, Oct. 
30, 1918. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
.Aug. 6, 1919. Discharged Aug. 13, 1919 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



139 




lii 



LANDSTEINER, Joseph, (l) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Krank Landsteiner, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Nov. 28. 1895. and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918. 
as private in infantry, X, A. Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 
91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 5, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 25. 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Severe shrapnel wound left heel, 
Sept. 29, 1918. in the Argonnes. In hospital 4 months. Returned 
to U. S. March 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 
I, 1919. 



LARSON, Albert Herman. (9) Private. Son of 

Gust Larson. San Gabriel, Calif. 
Born at Lucas. Iowa, March 15. 1887. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 27, 1918, as a private 
in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 88th Div.. at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. K, 139th Inf., 35th Div., 
at Camp Mills, L. I. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Apr. 
24, 1918. arriving at T^Havre, France, May 11, 1918. Engaged at 
Wesserling, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Severe shrapnel 
wounds Sei)t. 28, 19 18. Returned to V. S. April 24, 19 19, 
discharged at Camp Grant. 111., May 2, 1919- 



LANE, Ertle Cory. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. A. R. Lane, Granada, Minn. 

Born in Faribault County. Minn., ^^arch 23. 1895. Resident of 
Center Creek Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
mont, Minn., Sept. 23, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. As- 
signed to Depot Brigade at Camp Dodge. Iowa, but soon trans- 
ferred to Co. C, 109th Engineers. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. 
M. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at 
LeHavre, France. Sept. 30, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 26, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919. 



LARSON, Carl. (10) Private First Class. Son of 
Mr. and -Mrs. August Swanson, Halmstad, Sweden, 
Born at Halmstad, Sweden, Oct. 23. 1893. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when inrhicted at Fairmont, Minn.. April 29, 191S, as 
private in infantry, X\ A. .Assigned to 3 13th Supply Train, 
88th Div., at Camji Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to 603rd Engineers 
at Ft. Benjamin Harrison. Ind.. and to Co. E, 2nd Engineers in 
France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. i, i'ji8, arriving 
at LeHavre. I'rance, Sept. 20, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U. S. Aug. 8. 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge. 
Iowa, Aug. 15, 1919. Claimed no exemption from military duty 
though not a citizen of the United States. 



LANGELAND, Henry O. (3) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Hans Langeland of Cedar Twp., Martin 
County. 

Born at Martin County, Aug. 19, 1894, and resided when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, X. A. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camn Cody, X. M. 
Transferred to Co. Xo. 3. Camp Cody Dvlpt. Bn.. account of 
illness. Three montlis in Camp Cody Base Hospital with rheuma- 
tism. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 19, 19 18. Re- 
enlisted in Regular .\rmy. 



LAPPIN, Basil F. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

M. K. Lappin, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Feb. 13, 1896, at Stockton, 111. Served on Mexican border 
1916-17 with Co. B, 4th S. D. Inf. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
when called from National Guard to federal service at Sioux 
Falls, S. D.. July 15, 19 17. as private in infantry. Discharged 
on surgeon's certificate of disability at Sioux Falls, S. D., 
Aug. I, 1917. 



LAPPIN, Cletus C. {:^) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. M. K. Lappin, Kairmont, !Minn. 
Born in Illinois (Warren Twp.). Sept. 26, 1894. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 21. 1917. 
as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. K, 135th Inf., 
34th Div.. Camp Cody, N. M. Fell seriously ill and discharged 
at Camp Cody, N. M., for physical disability, Oct. 30, 1917. 
Became totally and permanently disabled as a result of disability 
incurred in service. 



LARSEN, Holger August, (ti) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. John Larsen. Sherburn, Minn. 

Burn at Sherburn, ^linn., Xov. 16, 1893. Employed at Bis- 
marck, N. D., when enlisted at that place Feb. 15, 191 8, as 

private in aviation. Regular Army. Assigned to 646th Aero 

Supply Sfjuadron, Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 

N. J., April 18, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, May 12, 

1918. Returned to the U. S. April 20, 1919, discharged May 
2, 1919. 



LARSEN, Soren Vilhelm. (7) Private First Class. 
Son of Hans C Larsen, Vester Aaby, Denmark, 
where he was born April 11, 1893. 

Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
lune 25, 1918, as private in engineers, X. A. Assigned to Co. 
B, 3 1 ith Eng., 86th Div., Camp (irant. 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 9, 191 8. arriving at Liverpool, England. 
Sept. 21, 19 18. Returned to \3. S. June 27, 19 19, discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., July 7, 1919. 



LARSON, Albin F. (S) CorporaL Son of John Lar- 
son, I'airmont. Minn. 

Born May 8, 1890. at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Chicago, 
111., when inducted at Chicago, May 4, 19 18, as a private in 
artillery, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 80th Field Artillery, 
7th Div., at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. 18, 1918. Arrived at Brest, l-'rance, Aug. 27, 1918. 
Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to LT. S. June 20, 
1919. Discharged June 30, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 



LARSON, Miltcn Johannes. (H) Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Larson, Bunnell, Minn. 

Born at ]-2stherville, Iowa, Oct. 16, 1895. Resident of Lake 
Fremont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18, as private in infantry. X^, A. Assigned 
to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Trans- 
ferred to Co. F, 1 19th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. 
Embarked from Boston, Mass., July 16, 1918. arriving at Le- 
Havre. France, Aug. 2, 1918. Engaged at Bellecourt, Brisigney, 
St. Souplet, ^lizenheini, and Riebeauville. Slightly gassed. 
Returned to LT. S. April z, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, April 12, 1919. 



LARSON, Oscar Herman. (12) Private First Class. 

Son of O. R. Larson, Elmore, Minn. 

Born at Faribault County. Minn., June 15, 1895. Resident of 
Elmore, Minn., w hen called to federal service from X'ational 
Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. Jidy 15. 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to H<|. Co., 124th Field Artillery. 33rd Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June j8, 1918. arriving at Liver- 
jiool, England. July 10. igi8. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to L'. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 

LASKER, Max Malcolm, (l.i) Private. Son of Mor- 
ris Lasker, Springlield, Mass. 

Born at Bialostock, Russia, June 15, 1892. Resident of Fairmont. 

Minn., when inducted at that place May 24, 1918, as private in 

infantry, X. A. -Assigned to Co. G. 361st Inf., gist Div.. at 

C'amji Lewis. Wash. Embarked from Hoboken. X. T., July 5, 

igi8, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 21, 1918. li^ngaged at 

St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. 
April 15, 1919, discharged at Hoboken. X'^. J.. April 30, 1919. 



LASKER, Milton. (14) Private First Class. Son of 

Louis Lasker,. Springheld, Mass. 
Born at Springfield. Mass., Nov. 18, 1899. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., wlien inducted at that place Feb. 26, 19 18, as private 
in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co, I, iiSth Inf., 30th Div., 
at Camp Sevier, S. C. Later to 105th Military Police Co., joth 
Div. Embarked 'from Philadelphia, Pa., May 11, 1918, arriving at 
LeHavre. l-'rance, June 3, 1918. Engaged at Kemmel Hill and 
with British against Hindenburg line. Returned to LT. S. May 
I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 5, 1919- 



LAVRENCE, Edward Gustav. (1.5) Private. Son of 

Mrs. Louise Lavrence, Henderson, Minn. 

Born at Henderson, Minn., Dec. 5, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 14, 1918, as private 
in S. A. T. C. Assigned to Hamline L^niversity. St. Paul, Minn., 
for training. Discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 16, 1918. 

LAUER, Louis James. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Frank Lauer. Mendota, Minn. 
Born Feb. 20, 1897, at St. Kilian, Minn. Resident of Elm Creek 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
22, 191S, as private in engineers, X. A. Assigned to 13th Provi- 
sional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp. 
Dotlge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



141 



LAURSEN, Christ. ( l) Private. Son of Mrs. Christ 

Laiirsen. Viborg. Denmark. 
Born at X'iborg, Uenmark. Dec. 7, 1887. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at Waukegan, III.. May 28, 1918, as private 
m infantry, X. A. Assigned to 68th Co.. 6th Infantry Replace- 
ment Unit. Camp Gordon. Ga. Transferred to \\*incliester 
Casual Co., No. 1053. Embarked from Boston, Mass.. July 24, 
1018, arriving abroad Aug. 8, 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 
18, 1918, discharged at Columbus Barracks. Ohio, Jan. 6, 1918. 



LEFFINGWELL, Elmer J. (2) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Alice Leffingwell, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at that place June 3, 18S9. Previously served in Minnesota 
National Guard. Employed at Napa. Calif., when inducted at that 
place Sept. 18, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. H. 363rd Inf.. 91st Div., at Camp Lewis. Wash. Em- 
barked from Philadelphia, Pa.. July 5, 19 18. arriving at Cher- 
bourg, France, July 26, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Gassed in Argonnes Oct. 4, 1918, in hospital 6 weeks. 
Returned to U. S. March 31, 1919, discharged at Presidio, Calif., 
April 25, 1919. 



LEE, Gisle John. (;;) Corporal. Son of Dr. G. M. 
Lee. Thompson, Iowa, where he was born March 
3. 1896. 

Resident of Sherburn. Minn., when called to federal service 
from National Guard at Mankato, Minn., July 15, 1917. Assigned 
to Headquarters Comjiany ( Band), 136th Inf., 34th Div., at 
Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Band of gth Inf., 2nd Div., in 
France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, Oct. 27, 1918. With Army of Occupation. 
Transferred to U. S. Detachment, Br'tish University, for four 
months' school work. Returned to V. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Aug. 14. 1919. 



19 18, arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. iS, igiS. Engaged 
in Haute-Alsace sector. Returned to U. S. May 28, 1919, and 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 10, 1919. 



LENG, Leer E. (9) Private. Son of Mr. and Mr= 
J<:>hn Leng, Truman, Minn. 

Born Oct. i, 1896, at Lee County, III. Resident of Waverly 
Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Aug. 8, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .\ssigned to repla'e- 
ment troops at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Transferred to Co. 
C, 331st Inf., 83rd i^iv., in France. Embarked from Hobok.n. 
N. J., Sept, 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 
1918. Returned to U. S. April 22, 1919. and discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, ^lay 11, 1919. 



LEONARD, LaVere. (lO) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. E. E. Leonard, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Westford Twp., ^Martin County, Aug. 25, 1897. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn.. 
April 27, 19 18, as private in medical corps of the National 
Army. Assigned to Post Hospital at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, 
Indiana. Transferred at that place to medical detachment of 
the 6oth Engineers, later changed to the 67th. 68th and 69th Cos., 
Transportation Corps. 3rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Tune 30, 1918. arriving at Brest. France. July 13, 1918. Engaged 
at Verdun Sector. Returned to U. S. July 8, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge. Iowa. July 15, 1919- 



LESCH, Arthur Carsten. (11) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. C. F. Lesch, Fairmont. Minn. 
Burn March 8. 1898, at Herscher. 111. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. i, 1918, in S. A. 
T. C. Trained at St. Paul, Minn., and discharged at that place 
Dec. 1 1, 19:8. 



LEE, Royal Emory. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Francis O. Lee, Jackson, Minn. 

Born at Jackscn, Minn., March 27. 1894, where he resided when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34.th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 4th 
IBattery, 158th Artillery Brigade, to Co. F, H(|. Troops, 80 th 
Div.. and to Co. A, 305 th Ammunition Train, 80th Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918. arriving 
at LeHavre, France. July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
Argonne and minor operations. Returned to IJ. S. June i, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, 'Iowa, June 13, 1919- 



LEHMAN, Edward George, (.>) Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. George Lehman, Fairmont, ]\Iinn. 

Born at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 11, 1S92, where he resided when 
inducted at I'airmont, June 24, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 

Assigned to Co. L. 341st Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111. 

Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
Argonne Offensive. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 28, 19 19. 



LEIBFRIED, Frank Melchoir. (G) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Nicliolas Luibfried, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born March 29, 1894, at Sherburn, Minn. Resident of Jay Twp., 
!Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 24, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L. 351st Inf., 
S8th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. L, 131st 
Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., May 22, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, May 30, 19 18. 
Engaged at battle of Sonime and Meuse-Argonne. Three wounds 
in battle, arm and both legs. Returned to U. S. Dec. 22, 1918, 
■discharged Feb. 15. 19 19. 



LEMKE. Albert. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Carl Lemke, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born May 7. 1897. at Elmhurst, 111. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
22, 19 18, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to 13th 
Provisional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Feb. i, 19 19. 



LEMKE, Otto L. (8) Private First Class. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Carl Lemke. Fairmont. Minn. 

Born May 27. 1S94, at Anderson, 111. Employed at Estlierville, 
Iowa, when inducted at that place June 24, 191S, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 349th Inf., 88th D:v., at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 9, 



LEVIK, Reinert. (\2) Private. Parents deceased. 

Burn at Fossard, Norway, Aug. 3, 1S89. Resident of Ormsby, 
Minn., w^ien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
private in infantrv. N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf.. 91st 
Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
July 6, 1918, arriving at Glasgow. Scotland, July 20, 1918. En- 
gaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned 
to V. S. April 15, 1919, discharged April 28, 1919. ^t Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. 

LEWELLEN, Harvie Ray (i:j) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Lcwellen. Truman, Minn. 

Born at Watonwan County. Minn., May 25 1897. Resident of 
Waverly Twp., Martin County, when inducted^ at Fairmont, 
Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in engineers. N. A. Sent to 
Camp Forrest, Ga., and assigned to engineer training company. 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919- 



LEWIS. Cecil William. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Thomas H. Lewis, Nashville Twp., Mar- 
tin County. 
Born at Faribault County, Minn., Sept. 6, 1893. Resident of 
Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. 
Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Co. I, i36tli Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
in France to Co. D, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. }., June 27, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. July 15, 
1918. Engaged at Aisne-Marne offensive, St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Was hospital patient April 22. 1918, Mayne, Germany, 
until discharged at Ft. Snelling Minn., Hospital, June 28, i9i9' 
Returned to U. S. June 5, 1919- 



LIDKE, Edwin Alvin. (15) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Otto Lidke, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. Sept. 21. 1895, ^^^ resi- 
dent of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 
1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
and assigned to Machine Gun Training Center at Camp Hancock, 
Ga., where he served in 13th. 24tli and 22nd companies succes- 
sively. Discharged Feb. 25, 1919. 



LINDEL, Emil. (15) Private First Class. Son of 
Mrs. Bertha Lindel, Vestre Toten, Norway. 

Born at Vestre Toten, Norway, May 15, 1892. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn.. Dec. 12, 

1917, as private in aviation, N. A. Assigned to 266th Aero 
Squadron, Sel fridge Field, Mich. Transferred in France to 
103rd Aero Squadron. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 

19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 28, 19 18. Returned to 
U. S. April 26, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, j\lay 
10, 1919. 



343 



LINDELL, Harry Gustav. { i ) Private. Son of Gust 

Liiidell, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Jan. r6, 1897, at Chicago. III. Resident of Rolling Green 
Twp., Martin Connty. when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., March 
18, 19 18, as private in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to 
Co. M, 19th Inf., at Camp Travis, Texas. Discharged Jan. 13, 
1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



LINTELMAN, William F. J. c') Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Henr}- Lintelman, Welcome. Minn. 

Born at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. Feb. 12. 1891. and 
resident of that place when indvicted at Fairmont, Minn., July 
26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, 
and assigned to Co. A, 5th Pioneer Inf. Discharged on account 
of physical disqualification at Camp Wadsworth, S. C., Aug. 9. 
1918. 

LIVINGSTON, James Vick. (;;) Private First Class, 

Parents deceased. 
Corn March 13, 1S73. Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Employed at International Falls, Minn., when enlisted May 23, 
1917, at St. Paul. Minn., as private in artillery, Regular Army. 
Assigned to Co. B, and later to Co. E. 6tli Reserve Engineers. 
Regiment later changed to i6th Engineers. Trained at Detroit. 
Mich. Embarked from New York, Aug. i, 1917, arriving abroad 
Aug. 24, 1917. Participated in Lys Defensive and Meusc-.\rgonne 
Offensive. Returned to U. S. April 22, 1919. discharged May 6, 
1919. Pvt. Livingston was the oldest enlisted man to serve from 
Martin County and was present for duty every day of his service. 



LOCKARD. Lloyd Charles. (4) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Lockard. Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, -\pril 26, 1894. Served 
on Mexican border 1916-17 with Co. E. 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at that place July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. iL 
Transferred to Hq. Co.. same command. Transferred in France 
to Co. H, j66th Inf.. 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. 
June 27, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, July 15, 1918. En- 
gaged at Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
Wounded by machine gun bullet in left leg Oct. 14. igi8, in 
Argonnes. Returned to \J. S. March 19, 19 19, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 30, 1919. 



LOFSTEDT, Einar S. (.-, I Corporal. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. C. J. Lofstedt. Wadstena. Ostergottland, 
Sweden, where he was born April 29, 1894. 
Served on Mexican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. 
Resided in Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when called to 
federal service from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as private in 
infantry, at Fairmont, Minn. Discharged at that place on exam- 
ining surgeon's order July 26, 1917, but re-enlisted in the same 
command Sept. 5, 1917- Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th 
Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. Was acting sergeant when dis- 
charged on surgeon's certificate of disability at Camp Cody, N. 
M., Dec. 18, 1917. 



and assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 16, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 24, 1918. 
Engaged at Haute-AIsace. Returned to U, S. Feb. 11, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Grant, 111., March 4, 1919. 



LORING, Ray Stanley. (0) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Sam Loring. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born March ig. 1890. at Center Creek Twp., ^Martin County. 
Employed at Roundui>, Mont., when inducted at that place Aug. 
29, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. D. 39th Machine 
(iun Bn.. 13th Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred to Co. 
B, 213th Engineers at same place. Discharged Feb. 21, 1919. 



LOWE, Roy Chester. (KM First Lieutenant. 

Born at Mcrton. Wis.. March S. [8S3. :Married, 2 children. 
Resident of I'airmont, Minn., when enlisted July 21, 1917, as 
I St lieut. in Medical Reserve Corps. N. A. Assigned to Medical 
Officers Training Camp at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Transferred to 
research laboratory. i\iinneola. Long Island, later to duty at 
Wilbur Wright Flying Field, Dayton, Ohio, as flight surgeon in 
special charge of aviators as to fitness to fly, also in charge of 
eye, ear, nose and throat department of the post hospital. Dis- 
charged March 30, 1919. 



LUBENOW, Fred Henry, (in Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Augusta Lubenow, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born Feb. 23, 1896. at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County. Minn., 
and resident tliereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 
1918. as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Co. F, 159th 
Inf.. 40th Div.. at Camp Kearney. Calif. Transferred in France 
to Co. L, 307th Inf.. 77tli Div, lunbarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
.-\ug. 8, 1918. arriving abroad Aug. jq, 191 8. Engaged at St. 
Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to V. S. May i, 1919. 
discliarged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. May 18, 1919- 



LUEDTKE, Gustav Herman. (\:n Captain. Par- 
ents deceased. 

Married. Born at Blue Earth Covnity. Minn.. Nov. 18. 1870. 
Resident of Fairmont, iNIinn., when commissioned captain in 
Medical Corps. Feb. 4, 1918. Assigned to Rase Hospital at Ft. 
Riley, Kansas, after training at Camp Funston. Kansas. On 
duty at Ft. Riley until discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Oct. 
4. 1919- 

LUEDTKE, Henry Walter, (i:;) Captain. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Lucdtke, I'"airmiint. Minn. 
Born Sept. 27, 1886, at Amboy, Minn. Served in Minn. National 
Guard in all grades from private to captain. Commanded Co. 
E, 2nd Minn., Inf., on Mexican border. 1916-17. Enlisted in 
.?nd Reserve Officers Training Camp at Ft. Snelling. Minn., 
Aug., 1917. Commissioned ist lieut. and assigned to active duty 
Nov. 2^/, 19 1 7, with 40th Inf., Regular Army. Served at Ft. 
Sheridan, 111., and Ft. Riley, Kansas. On detached service at 
Wilson, S. C, as instructor in infantry tactics, S. A. T. C. 
Discliarged h'eb. 12. 1919. 



LOOMER, Herbert Duane. (6) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. A. B. Loonier, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Charles City, Iowa, Dec. 4, 1893. Married. Employed 
at Mason City, Iowa, when enlisted at that place June 29, 1917, 
in Iowa National Guard. Called to federal service July 15, 1917. 
as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. B, 125th Machine Gun 
Bn.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Camp 
Hancock. Ga., as machine gun instructor. Transferred to Co. 
C. 135th Machine Gun Bn.. 37th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 30, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 6. 1918. Engaged 
at Baccarat Sector, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and with 30th 
French Army Corps in Flanders, Lys and Scheldt drives. Re- 
turned to v. S. March 26, 19 19. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, April i6, 1919. 

LOONEY, Louis K. (7) Private. Son of Mv. and 
Mrs. W. F. Looney, Cedar County, Iowa. 

Born at Cedar County, Iowa. June 6, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at ^linneapolis, 5linn.. July 15, 19 18. as 
private in air service, N. A. Assigned to Dunwoody Institute 
Training Detachment, Minneapolis, ^Minn. Trained at Air Service 
Mechanics School, St. Paul, :\Iinn. Discharged at St. Paul, 
Minn., Dec. 24. 19 18. 



LORIG, Fred Matthev^^. (8) Private. Son of Mr, 

and Mrs. John AL Lorig, Colfax, 111. 
Born at Colfax, 111., Aug. 22, 1S90. Employed at Lake Fremont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, 



LUNGREN, Paul William. (14) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Limgren. Terril. Iowa. 
Born at Gowrie, l6wa, Dec. 3, 1896. Resident of Monterey, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 26, 19 iS, as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 15th Co., Depot Brigade 
at Camp Grant, 111., where he served until discharged at that 
place Dec. 11, 1918. 



LYONS, Andrew Moses. (15) CorporaL Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. A. Lyons, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at New London, Wis., Oct. 12, 1894. Employed at 
Owatonna, !Minn., when inducted at that place May 2, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 53rd Inf., 6th 
Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
July 6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 28, 1918. En- 
gaged at \"osges Sector and ileuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
June 12, 1919, discharged June 21, 1919. 



MAASS, William B. (IG) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Caroline Hallman, Kankakee, 111. 
Born at Grant Park, 111., Feb. 8, 189S. Resident of Waverly 
Twp., ^lartin County, when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34tii Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Battery F, 123rd Field Artillery. 33rd 
Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. June 28. 1918. arriving 
at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at St, Mihiel and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to V. S. May 31, 1919. discharged 
June 12, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



145 




i^r^'i/Mi 



pS 





^ 



' 1 ■■ 




MADAY, Constantine M. (1) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Andrew Maday. Fairmont, Minn. 

Eorn Oct. ,li, i8g5. at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, ana 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., July 20, 
1918. as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th 
_fioneer Inf.. at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newjiort 
News, \'a., Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 12, 
1918. Engaged at Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 
19x9, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 



MALHEREK, Peter Edward. (9) Wagoner. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Martin Malherek, Granada, Minn. 
P.orn at Minnesota Lake. Minn., July 30, i88g. Resident of 
Granada. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Ilq. 311th Am- 
munition Train. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 25. 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 25, 1919, discharged 
April 5, 1919. 



MADAY, Frank Stanley. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Stanislaus Maday, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Nov. 14, 1895, at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 343rd 
Inf., 86th Div., Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hobol<en, 
N. J., Sept. 14, 1918, arriving at Southampton, England, Sept. 
21, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 14, 1919, discharged March 
I, 1919. 



MALHEREK, Robert Maurice. (10) Private First 
Class. Son of Mr. ami Mrs. Martin Malherek, 
Granada, Minn. 
Born at Minnesota Lake, Minn.. June 7, 1893. Resident of 
Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Tune 25. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
Co. E, 311th Ammunition Train, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 24, 1918, arriving at 
Liverpool, England, Oct. 7. 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 20, 
1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 9, 1919. 



MADGE, Charles Henry. (;;) Private First Class. 

Parents deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Herman Stett- 
bacher, grandparents, Trinmpli, Minn. 
Born at Madison County, 111.. Oct. 8, 1895. Employed at Irving, 
III., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 91st 
Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
July 6, 1918, arriving at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. En- 
gaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-.Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned 
to v. S. April 14, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 
.28, 1919. 



MANGUN, George R. (11) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. J. W. Alangun, Blooming Prairie, Minn. 
Born Sept 11, 1889, at Toliet, 111. Married, one child. Resided 
at Tackson, Minn., and enlisted at that place June i, iP'S, as 
private in the Tank Corps. Assigned to Co. A, 331st Bn.. lank 
Corps, at Camp Colt. Gettysburg, Pa. Embarked from New 
York, .\ug. 29, 1918. .\rrived at LeHavre, France. Sept. 13, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. Alarch 
28, 1919. Discharged at Newport News, V a., April 12, 1919. 



MADSEN. Andrew M. (4) Private First Class. Son 

of .Mr. ,ind Mrs. Mads Madsen. Granada. Minn. 

Born at Skieve. Denmark. Feb. 15. 1895. Resident of East 
Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at I'^airmont, Minn., 
Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. I. 136th 
Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 
"Hq. Company. 123rd Field .\rtillery. 33rd Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July 14, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Vrgonne. Re- 
turned to LT. S. May 24, 19:9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
June 8, 1919. 



MARTENS. George Herman. (12) Sergeant. Son of 

Henry Martens, St. Peter, Minn. 

P.orn at Grant Park. 111., Tan. 2, 1894. Resident of Rolling 
(ireen Twp., Martin County, when enlisted .it Minneapolis. Minn., 
Dec. 10. 1917. as private'in aviation, Regular .\rmy. Sent to 
Cam-i Hancock. Ga., and assigned to 15th Co. M. M. Regiment, 
later' transferre'd to nth and 2nd companies. Organization finally 
became 2nd Regt. .-\ir Service Mechanics. Was attached to 
French .Aviation for several months. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N J., F'eb. 24, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. March 2, 
1918. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, July 12, 1919. 



MAGNUSON, Fred Algot. (.")) Cook. Son of .Mrs. 

Clara Sansen. Fairmont. Minn. 

Eorn at Fairmont Twp.. Martin County, Sept. 4. 1887. Resident 

of Fairmont when inducted at that place June 25, 1918. as 
private in infantry. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf., 86th Div.. 

.at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Depot Brigade at Camp 
Logan, Texas. Discharged Jan. 21, 1919. 



MAGNUSON, George Henry, (i, i Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Magnuson, Guckeen, Minn. 
Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, Jan. 4, 1897, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Oct. 22, 
1918, as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to 13th Recruit 
Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Jan. 1 I, 1919. 



MARTIN, Edwin. (i:jj Bugler. Parents deceased. 

Born Dec. 20, 1895. at Faribault County, Minn. Served on Mex- 
ican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
(iuard at that place on July 15. 1917, as bugler in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. M. 58th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. L, Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, I-rance, 
Nov. 3, 191S. Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, -Aug. 6, 1919. 



MARTIN, Jake. (14) Private. 



Born in 1898. Resident of Wells, Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard to federal service at Fairmont, 
Minn., Tuly 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. 
N. M., and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 24th Div. Transferred 
in June, 19 18, and sent overseas. No further record. 



MALO, Herbert Henry. (T) Bugler. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Tlieodore Malo, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Oct. 31. 1899. Resident 
of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Mankato, 
Minn., March 18, 1918, as private in coast artillery corps. Regu- 
lar .Army. Assigned to Battery E, 71st C. .A. C. at Ft. Banks. 
Mass. Trained also at Ft. .Andrews, Mass. Embarked from 
Boston. Mass.. July 21, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .Aug. 
^9. 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111., March 10, 1919. 



MASCHOFF, Arthur Henry. (15) Private First 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Maschofif, 
Hoyleton, 111., where he was born May 1, 1894. 
Resident of Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
F'airmont, .Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. 
.Assigned to Co. F, 163rd Depot Brigade, Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to Quartermaster Corps and served at Camp Dodge 
to discharge March 12, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



MALHEREK, Joseph. (S) Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Malherek, Granada, Minn. 

liesident of Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Sanitary Squad No. 69. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., .Aug. 24. 1918, arriving at Liver- 
pool. England. Sept. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 8, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 17, 1919. 



MASCHOFF, Paul A. (iGj Private First Class. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Maschoff, Hoyleton, 111. 

Born at Hoyleton, 111., Sept, 26. 1895. Resident of Tenhassen 
'iwp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 
5, 1918, as private in medical corps, N. .A. .Assigned to Hospital 
Unit of the 14th Div., at Camp Custer, Mich. Discharged at 
Camp Custer, April 21, 1919. 



147 




L 



MASTERS, William Clark, (l) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Airs. \Vm. Masters. Sherburn, Minn. 

liorn at Sherburn. Minn., Feb. i6, 1S94, where he resided when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. April 29, 1918, as private in 
medical corps. X. A. Attached to 351st Field Hospital, 313th 
Sanitary Train, 88th DJv., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
to Camp Greenleaf, S. C, and assigned to duty with various 
Development Ens. and Medical Units. Discharged at Camp 
Greenleaf, S. C, Jan. 17. 1919. 



MATSON, Charles Chubb. (2) First Lieutenant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Matson, Sherburn, Minn. 

Married. Born at Sherburn. Minn., Sept. 15, 1888. Resident o£ 
Flandreau, S. D.. when called to service in the Dental Reserve 
Cori>s about Oct. i, 1918. Sent to Camp Fremont, Calif., and 
assigned to 41st Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Nov. 9, 
1918. Recalled to U. S. when two days at sea on account of 
signing of the armistice. Discharged at Camp Funston, Kansas, 
.Inn., 1919. 

MATSON, Sidney Scott. CD Sergeant Major. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Matson, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 22, 1894, where he resided when 
inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in in- 
fantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. A, 338th Machine Gun Bn., 88th 
Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to instructor staff. Ma- 
chine Gun Training Center, Camp Hancock, Ga. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 12, 1919. 



MATTOON. Arthur Enos. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Clias. Mattoon, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fast Chain Twp., Martin County, July 8, 1886. Married. 
Resident of Mapleton, Minn., when inducted at Mankato, Minn., 
July 25, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M. 3rd 
Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport 
News, Va., Aug. 30, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
1 9 1 8. In hospital in France 5 weeks on account of accidental 
injury to right hand. Returned to U. S. March 18, 1919. dis- 
charged at Camp Grant, 111.. A]uil z, 1919. 



MAURIS, Joseph Constant. ('A Private. Son n! 

Mr. and Mrs. John Mauris, Shcrlnirn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., March 24, 1899. where he resided when 
enlisted at LaCrosse, Wis., July 24, 1918, as private in Quarter- 
master Corps, Regular Army. Trained at Jefferson Barracks, 
Mo., and Camp Jos. E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Florida, where he 
was assigned to Service Co. No. 3, Q. M. C. Transferred in 
France to Sales Commissary Unit No. 6. Embarked from Hobo- 
ken, N. J., Nov. 10, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 23, 
1918. Suffered serious illness with flu-pneumonia. Returned to 
U. S. Aug. 23, 1 9 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 
31, 1919. 

McCARRON, Millard A. ( (!) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mr^. i'. J. McCarron, Sherburn. Minn. 
Born at that place Sept. 23, 1897, and resident thereof when called 
to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to 
Co. B, 144th Inf., 36th Div. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., 
Oct. 31, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 24, igi8. 
Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Jime 16, 1919. 

McCOTTER, William John. (7) Mechanic. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. VV. J. McCotter, Bowsnian River, 
Manitoba. 

Married. Born at Grand Forks, N. D., June 14, 1886. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Camp Pike, Arkansas, 
Aug. 27, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 15th 
Co., 162nd Depot Brigade, Camp Pike. Ill with influenza and 
discharged for disability as result thereof at Camp Pike, Nov. 
13. 191 8. 

McCUNE, Robert Hugh, (s) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and r^lrs. C. B. McCune, Benson, Minn. 

Born at that place Aug. 26, 1886. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
when inducted at St. James, Minn., Sept. 10, 19 18, as private 
unassigned, N. A. Assigned to duty at U. S. General Hospital 
No. 29, Ft. Srelling, Minn., as member of enlisted medical corps. 
On duty at that place until discharged Aug. 9, 19 19. 



McDERMOTT, George Henry. (9) Private. Son of 

Mrs. Julia McDermott, Warroad, Minn. 

Born at Blue Earth, Minn., May 24. 1885. Served with Co. 
E, 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border 1916-17. Resident of 



Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Faiimcnt, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Battery B. 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd 
Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at 
LeHavre, France, July 10, 19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged 
June 8, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



McDONOUGH, Bart Edward. (10) First Sergeant. 

Son ot Mrs. Mary McDonough. St. Paul, Minn., 
Born at St. Paul. Minn., Jan. 17, 1888. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred to Third Reserve Officers Training Camp at Camp 
Stanley, Texas. Disqualified for commission on account of 
defective vision. Assigned to Development Battalion. Camp 
Cody, N. M., as a member of headquarters cadre. Transferred 
to Camp Headquarters Co., Camp Cody, as ist sergeant. Dis- 
charged at that place Dec. 4, 19 18. 



McFARLAND. Harry Mark. (11) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Wm. McFarland, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Luverne, Iowa. July 4, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
^linn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
for disability at that place Dec. 13, 1917. 



McIALWAIN, Clarence Leroy. (12) Private. Son 

of B. D. Mclalwain, l%stherville, Iowa. 
Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Dec. 4, 1894. Resident 
of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 
191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 
130th Inf.. 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., June 15, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, France, 
June 24, 1918.' Engaged at Somme, Amiens, and Meuse-Argonne 
offensive. Gassed Oct. 31, 1918, in Argonnes. Returned to 
U. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la.. May 29, 1919. 



McMAHON, Frank Lewis. (13) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Peter 11. McMahon, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Wells, Minn., July 31, 1889. Employed at Mitchell, 
S. D., when inducted at that place April 26, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 355th Inf., 89th Div., at 
Camp Funston, Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., June 
4. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, June 15. 1918. Engaged 
at Lorraine Sector, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. Slightly 
gassed Oct. 21, 1918. Returned to LT. S. April 6, 1919, dis- 
charged April 22, 1919.- 



McMURTRY, Orlo Leroy. (U) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Wm. McMurtry, Ceylon. Minn. 
Born June 12, 1897. at Wright County, Iowa. Resident of Cey- 
lon, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E. 136th inf., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
to Battery I*. 124th Field Artillery 33rd Div. in France. Em- 
barked from Iloboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, 
England, July 10, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. "Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919- 



McNEA, Percy Leon. (15) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. C. M. McNea, Granada. Minnesota. 

Born at Granada, Minn., July 12, 1901. Resident of Center Creek 
Twp. when enlisted. Enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., June 5, 
1918, as a private, cavalry. Regular Army. Assigned to 314th 
Cavalry and trained at Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to 21st 
Trench Mortar Battery, Lamp Johnson, S. C. Discharged Dec. 
6, 1918, at Camp Johnson, S. C. 



McNERNEY, John L. (16) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. James T. McNerney, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County. May lo, 1896, 
and resident thereof when enlisted at Kelly Field, Texas, March 
13, 1918, as private in aviation section of the Signal Corps, 
N. A. Assigned to 43rd Balloon Co., at Camp John Wise, 
Texas. Also trained at Camp Morrison, Va. Embarked from 
Newport News, Va., June 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S. June 16, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
June 2^, 1919. 



149 



MEMBORG, Anthony. (1) Private First Class. Son 

of ilrs. Caroline Memborg, Medolden, Germany. 
Born at Medolden, Germany, April 4, 1892. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when enlisted at Ft. Omaha, Neb., as private in signal 
corps. Regular Army, .\ssigned to 64th Balloon Co.. at Ft. 
Omaha. Also served at Arcadia, Calif. Discharged at Ft. D. A. 
Russell, Wyoming, May 12, 1919. 



MEYER, Alvin Henry. (2) Wagoner. Son of Mr. 

and Airs. Henry H. Meyer, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Monee. 111., March 9, 1898. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont. Minn., July 15. 1917, as a private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Headquarters 305th Ammunition Train, 
Soth Div, Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, ar- 
riving at LeHavre, France, July 14, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel 
and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 13, 1919. 



MEYER, August. (3) Son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred 

Meyer, Fairmont. 
Did not enlist here. Was overseas. Returned about July, 1919- 



MEYER, August L. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. August Meyer, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont Twp., May 30, 1896, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 27, 1918, as private In 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, isgtli Inf., 40th Div., at 
Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred in France to Headquarters 
Company 324th Inf., 8ist Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Aug. 8. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 27, 1918. En- 
gaged at St. Die front. Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, dis- 
charged June 2y, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



MEYER. Carl August. (.> ) Private. Son of F. H. 
Meyer. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Latimer. Iowa, June 6, 18S9. Resident of Fairmont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
25, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf., 
88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 48th Co., 20th 
Engineers, at American University, Washington. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., May 21, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. 
May 30, 1918. Returned to \J. S. June 22, 19191 discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jinie 28, 1919. 



MEYER, Fred William. (6) Second Lieutenant. Son 

of Mrs. Wm. Mackeben, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Welcome, Minn., May 2, 1896. Served in National 
Guard and on Mexican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
Inf. Called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn.. July 15, 1917* as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E, i36tli Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
Central Machine Gun Officers Training Camp at Camp Hancock, 
Ga. and commissioned 2na lieut. Oct. 16, igi8. Discharged 
Feb. 10, 1919. 



MEYER, Harry C. (7) Wagoner. Son of Mrs. Eva 
M. Meyer, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Feb. 7, 1891, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that 
place when inducted at Fairmont, May 2, 1918, as private in 
infantry. N. A. Assigned to Supply Company, 53rd Inf., 6th 
Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
July 6, 1918, arriving at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-.'\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 12, 1918, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 21, 1919. 



MEYER, William Carl. (8) Second Lieutenant. Son 

of Mrs. Wm. Alackeben, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Welcome, Minn., ^larch 2, 1S94. Served on Mexican 
border, 1916-17, as ist Sergt. Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Called to 
federal service from National Guard July 15, 191 7. Transferred 
to 2nd Minn. F. A., with rank as 2nd lieut. On demobilization 
of that command without call to federal service enlisted in 
Regular Army, as sergeant. Assigned to Troop B, 311th Cav., 
Ft. Riley, Kansas, as ist sergeant. Transferred to 67th Field 
Artillery at West Point, Kentucky. Transferred to Central 
Oilicers Training School for Cavalry at Leon Springs, Texas. 
Discharged Dec. 14, 191S. Re-enlisted in regular army as ist 
sergeant Cavalry unassigned. Transferred to Construction Div., 
Q. M. C. as sergeant ist class. Still in service. 



MICHELSEN, Alfred W. (9) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Christine Mil<kel5en, Aarhus, Denmark, where he 

was born March 28, 1889. 
Employed at Boston, Mass., when inducted at that place for the 
Martin County Draft Board on June 27, 1918. as private in 
infantry, N. A. .\ssigned to Co. B, 302nd Inf., 76th Div., Camp 
Devens, Mass. Transferred to Co. B, 70th Eng., at Ft. Benjamin 
Harrison, Ind. On board transport when armistice was signed. 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 8, 1919. 



MIKELSON, Helmer. (lii) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 

Ole Mikelson, Alpha, Minn. 
Born at Jackson County. Minn., .\pril 25, 1893.^ Resident of 
.\lpha, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. 
Transferred to Co. C, 126th Inf., 32nd Div., in France. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J.. .'Vpril, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, April 18, 1918. Engaged at Alsace, Aisne-Marne, .\isne- 
Oise, and Meuse-Argonne. Under fire six months with but ten 
days in rest area. Returned to U. S. May 14. 1919. discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 22, 1919. 



MILBRANDT, Alvin Paul. (11) Private. Son of 

Mr, and .Mrs. .\ll.iert Alilbrandt, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Elgin, 111., Nov. 21, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
when inducted at that place Sept. 5, 1918. as private in infantry, 
\. .■\. .\ssigned to Co. A, 4th Bn. Replacement Troops, Camp 
Mac.\rthur, Te.xas. Discharged March 4, 1919. at Camp Dodge, 



MILBRANDT, Edward C. (1:-M Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Herman Milbrandt, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born April 2, 1892 at Elgin. 111. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., 
when inducted at that place Feb. 26, 1918, as private in engnieers, 
.\' A. Assigned to Co. D, 33rd Engineers at Camp Devens, Mass. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 10, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, May 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 2, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 12, 1919. 



MILBRANDT, Edwin B. (IJ) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Herman Milbrandt, Fairmont, Minn.. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 29, 1895, where he resided when 
inducted at that place April 29, 1918, as private in general 
service, N. A. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co., 313th Sanitary 
Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. 
B, 55th Engineers at Camp Custer, Mich. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. I., June 30, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, July 13, 
1918. Returned to U. S. July 14, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111., July 21, 1919. 



MILLER, Bert Walter. (14) Corporal. Son of John 
W. Miller, Jackson, Minn. 

Born at Jackson. Minn., Nov. 2, 1895, where he resided when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
to Co. M, 39th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, Oct. 
13, 1918 'arriving abroad Oct. 26, 1918. With Army of Occu- 
pation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 



MILLER, Cecil Edward. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 

and r\lrs. J. E. Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 19, 1898, where he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., March 6, 1918, as private in 
coast artillery corps. Regular Army. Assigned to ist Co. C. A. 
C. at Ft. Williams, Portland, Maine. Transferred at that place 
to Battery B, 72nd Artillery C. A. C. Embarked from Montreal, 
Canada, Aug. 7, 1918, arrriving at LeHavre France, Aug. 29, 
1918. Returned to U. S. March 29, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111., April 17, 1919. 



MILLER, Harry E. (16) Private. Son of Mrs. Paul- 
ine Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, Sept. 6, 1897. Resided 
at Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, i36fh Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in I-'rance to Co. F, 308th Inf., 77th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., June 27. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July IS, 1918. Engaged at Vesle, Oise-Aisne and Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U. S. April 28, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, May 18, 1919. 



151 



MILLER, Harold Glenn. (1) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 

Charlotte Miller, Secor, 111., where he was born 

Aug. 15, 1895. 
Harried. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., June J5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. ^ Assigned 
to Co. G. 34ird Inf., 86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
in France to 83rd Depot Service Co., Army Service Corps. 
Embarked from Iloboken, \. J.. Sept. 8, 19 18, arriving at Liver- 
pool, England, Sept. 21. 1918. Returned to U. b. July 6, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 16, 1919- 



MILLER, William R. (9) Corporal. Son ol Mrs. 

Charlotte Miller, Secor, 111. 
Born at Secor, 111., ."Kug. 5, 1893. Resident of Lake Belt Twp., 
Martin County, when called from National Guard to federal 
service at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 191". as private in infantry. 
.-\ssigned to Co. K, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. C, 144th Inf.. 36th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, X. J., t)ct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
land, Oct. 24. 1918. Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Grant, HI., June 13, 19"9. 



MILLER, Henry F. (:.' I Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Henry F. Miller, Sr., Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, May 14, 1896, and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May ;6, 1918. as 
private in infantry. .\ssiKned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 91st Div., 
at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
5, 191S, arriving at LeHavie, France, July i/, ly'.S. F.nt'a^rcd 
at Mcuse-.^rgonne. Wounded, machine gun bullet, right shoulder, 
.\rgonnes. Sept. 30, 1918. Severe. Returned to U. S. Apiil 15. 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .\pril 15, 1919. 



MINICK, Roy William, (in) Private. Son of ^Mr. 

and Mrs. J. T. Minick, Sherbiirn, Minn. 
Born June 12, 1894, at Booneville, Iowa. Resident of Fraser 
Twp. Martin County, when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 17. I9i7. as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp 
Codv, N M. Transferred to Co. D, 109th Supply Train, 34th 
Div' Transferred in France to Co. D, 109th Motor Transport 
Corps. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 18. 1918, arriving 
at Cherbourg. France, Nov. I, 1918. Returned to U. S. JIarch 
25, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .\pril 5, 1919. 



MILLER, John A. (23) Private. Son of Mrs. Fred- 
erica Miller. Maiiston, Wisconsin, wliere he was 
born Sept. 23, 1894. 
I'reviously served three years in Wisconsin National Gvard. 
Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 1, 1918, as private in ord- 
nance corps, N'. .\. .\ssigned to 2nd Casual Co., 2nd Prov. 
Kegt., Camp Hancock, Ga. Transferred to 122nd Ordnance 
l)epot. Camp Wheeler. Ga., later to instructor in optical instru- 
ment repair school at Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Jan. 15, 1919. 



MINOR, Harry H. (Ill Private. Son of M. B. 

Minor, Mulberry Grove, 111. 
Married. Born at Greenville. HI.. .'\ug. 29, 1884. Employed 
at Minneapolis, Minn., when enlisted at that place Jan. 10, 1918, 
as private in air service, N. .\. Assigned to 82Qth .\ero Repair 
.Squadron. Kelly Field. Texas. Trained at Kelly Field and 
at Selfridge Field, Mich. Transferred to .-\viation Mechanics 
Training School at St. Paul, Minn. Later on duty w-ith Squadron 
n. Aviation Service Flying School, Langley Field, \ a. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 21, 1919- 



MILLER. L. L. (4) Private. 

Born in 1896. Resident of Blue Earth. Minn., when called to 
federal service from .Vational Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 

1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., and 
assigned to Co. E, I36tli Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in June, 

1918, and sent overseas. No further record. 



MOELLER, Alvin Ernest. (V2) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Lena Mueller, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born in Fraser Twp., Martin County, Minn., 1893. where he 
resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
I)ri-ate in infantry. ,\ssigned to Co. 3 Development Battalion, 
at Cam]. Kearney, Calif. Discharged at Camp Kearney, Calif., 
on surgeon's certificate of disability, Oct. 15. 19 ■ 8- 



MILLER, Leslie Morgan. {.■>) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Robert M. Miller, Rock Falls, III. 

Born Sept. 27, 1889, at Walnut, 111. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
igi8, as private in engineers, N. A. .\ssigned to Co. C, 311th 
Engineers, 86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, on 
Sept, 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 29, 1919, and discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., July 7, 1919. 



MONK, Otto Oscar. (13) Private. Son of John 

.Monk, Sherburu, Minn. 
Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, May 9. 1889. Resi- 
dent of Manvaska Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
mont, .Minn.,' Sept. 5. 191S. as private in inf,antry. N. A. bent 
to .Machine Gun Training Center at Camp Hancock, Ga., and 
assigned to 24th Training Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Feb. 28, 1919. 



MILLER, Lyle B. (ti) Corporal. Son of Mr. ana 
Mrs. J. E. Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn.. May 31. 1897, and resided there when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., ^larch 6, 1918, as private in coast 
artillery corps, R. A. i\ssigned to ist Co., C'. A. C. at Ft. 
AVilliams. Portland, Maine. Transferred at that place to Battery 
B, 72nd .Artillery, C. .-\. C. Embarked from ^lontreal, Canada, 
-Aug. 7, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .Aug. 29, igi8. Re- 
turned to U. S. Marcii 29. 1919, discharged at (I'amp Grant, III., 
.April 17, 1919. 



MILLER, Ralph David. (T) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. G. ^I. Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Freeborn County, Minn., Jan. 6, 18S8. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 191S, as 
private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Supply Co., 244th Inf., 
86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 8, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
July 5, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 



MOORE. Howard R. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 

and .Mrs. John -V. Moore, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Dietrich, 111., Feb. 4. 1901- Resident of Fairmont w'hen 
enlisted in infantry, Regular Army, at Mankato, Minn., May 
24, 1919. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., in June, 1919, arriving 
abroad in .luly. Sent to .Army of Occupation in Germany and 
still stationed there Sept. :, 1920. 



MOORE, John L. (ir>) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Mark E. Moore, h'airmont, Minn. 
Born Dec. 19, 1895, at Br,indon, Wis. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 10, 1918, 
as private in Motor Transport Corps. .Assigned to Co. -A, 
rruckmaster Training, at Purdue University. LaFayette, Ind. 
Transferred in France to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, X. J., Nov. 11, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. 
Nov. 28, 1918. In hospital for fibrous pleurisy Dec. 3. 1918 to 
Feb. 19, 1919. Returned to U. S. Feb. 7. 1919. and discharged 
with disability incurred in line of duty at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 
27, 1919. 



MILLER, William Henry. (S) Private. Son of O. 

P. Miller, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at that place ^larch 6, 1900, and resident thereof w-hen en- 
listed at Mankato, Minn., March 28, 1918, as private in infantry. 
Regular .Army. Assigned to Co. M, 19th Inf., i8th Div., at 
Camp Travis, Texas. Transferred to Hq. Det. 35th Inf. 
Brigade at same place. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
n, 1919. 



MOORE, 'Virgil Estys. (IG) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John A. Aloore, Fairmont, ;Minn. 
Born Dec. 11, 1894, at Wheeler, 111. Resident of Fairmont Twp., 
Martin County, when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Fairmont on July 15. I9'7. as private in infantry. 
.Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. B. 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
land, Oct. 24. 1918. With Armv of Occupation. Returned to U. 
S. .Aug. I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .Aug. 8, 1919. 



153 



MOORE, Wilbur C. (1 ) Private First Class. Son 
of -Mr. and -Mrs. Frank .Moore, Winnebago. Minn. 
Born Tulv 4, 1896. at Osceola. Iowa. Resident of Nashyille 
Twp., Martin County, when enlisted Oct. 19. ^9^7, at Ft. Snelling. 
Minn., as musicinn in infantry, regular army. Assigned to band 
of the 36th Inf. at Ft. Snelling, Minn. Transeferred to_ the 
medical corps. March i. 19 iS. Embarked from New York 
June II, 1918. arriving abroad June 28, 1918. Actively engaged 
"from Aug. 22, 1918. until the close of hostilities. Returned to 
U. S. Tune 9, igTfj. discharged at Camp Lee, Va., June 14. iQ'Q- 



MYHR, Henry. (9) Corporal. Son of Mrs. O. J. 

Indviiv, Thompson, Iowa, where he was born July 

13, 1897. 
Resident of Ringsted. Iowa, when called to federal service 
from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Co. t,. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. K. ii6th Eng., 
later to Co. I, 40th Eng. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. June 
24, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France. July 7. I9i8. Engaged 
at St. ^!ihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. Jan. 20, 
1919. discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Feb. 14. 1919- 



MOORE, William Henry. i:i) Sergeant. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. C. \\\ M.M-)re. Minnesota Lake, Minn. 
Born at Beaman. Iowa, March 25. 1893. Served five years in 
Minnesota National Cuard. Co. E. 2nd Inf. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when called to federal service from Xationar 
Guard at that place July i;, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th' Inf., 34th Div. Transferred to Head- 
quarters Detachment, 68th Inf. Brig., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, 
N. M. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918. arriving at 
Cherbourg. France. Oct. 26, 1918. Served in casual units at 
St. Nazaire. Ccnipound fracture of left leg in line of duty at 
Camp Cody. N. M.. Dec. 4, 1917. In hospital six months. Re- 
turned to U. S. April 18, 1919, discharged April 28, igig- 



MORGAN, Alfred L. (.; ) Corporal. Parents de- 
ceased. 
Born at Dubois, Indiana, Aug. 19. 18S6. Served on ^lexican 
border in 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at that place July "5. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. 
Transferred to Co. B. 59th Inf., 4th Div., in France. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J.. Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. Eng- 
land, Oct. 24, 1918. In hospital at Coblenz, Germany, 2 months. 
Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp Sherman, 
Ohio, Aug. 8, 19 19. 



MURRAY, Donovan Delos. (4) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Murray, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. July iS. 1807, 
and resident of that place wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
22, 19 1 8, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 
124th Engineers, Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Jan. 1 1, 1919. 



MURRAY, George Gerald. (5) Private. Son of 

George Murray, Fairmont, ^llnn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., July 20, 1901, where he resided when 
enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., July 13, 1918, as private in coast 
artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to i6th Recruit Co. 
at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Transferred to Battery D, 36th 
Artillery at Ft. Barrancas. Florida, later to Eaftery C, 34th 
Artillery at Camp Eustis, Va. Discharged Dec. 24, 19 18. 



MUSSER, Clair W. (r,) Private First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Miisser, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Martin County, Minn., March 6, 1898. Resident of 
Rutland Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Mo., June 2, 1918, as private in artillery, regular army. 
Assigned to Battery B, 45th Artillery at Jefferson Barracks. 
Trained at Camp Eustis, Va.. Embarked from Newport News, 
Va.. Oct. 20, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France. Nov. 3, 1918. 
Returned to \J. S. Feb. i, 1919, and in hospitals at Hoboken, 
N. J., and Ft. Snelling, Minn., until discharged at Ft. Snelling, 
April 19, 1919. 



MUSSMAN, Vernon Charles. (7) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Mussman, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Grant, III., Jan. 30, 1896. Resident of Eraser Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 
1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Battery 
A, 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 
18, 19 1 8. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Right leg broken by horse 
falling. Five weeks in hospital. Returned to \J. S., Alay 24, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 



MYERS, Frank A. (8) Wagoner. 

Born Oct. 4. 1S9J, at Royalton, Wis. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 19 18. Sent to 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to 351st Field Hospital, 313th 
Sanitary Train, 88th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 
17, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Sept. i, 1918. Engaged at 
Haute-Alsace sector. Returned to U. S. June 4, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., June 13, 1919. 



NARUM, Oscar George. (10) Corporal. Son of 

("lunhild Xarmii, L:ikc Mills, Iowa, ami born at 

that place April 16, 1891. 
Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairniont. Minn., 
June 25, 1918, as private in national army. Assigned to Co. 
"11. 311th Supply Train, at Camp Grant. 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken, \. J., Oct., 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. France. Oct. 
9, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919. and discharged 
July 26, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 

NASSEN, Adolph John. (\\) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. L'uiis Nassen, Ceylon, Minn. 

Horn at Hardin County. Iowa. Jan. 18. 1896. Resident of Lake 
Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
Feb. 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, and there assigned to Co. C. 130th Inf., 33rd Div., 
at Houston, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. April 
18, 1918, arriving at Brest. France. April 26, 1918. Engaged 
at the Somme, and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 20, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 29, 1919. 

NELSON. Arthur E. (12) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

,in<l Mrs. Alfred Nelson. East Chain Township. 
Born in Faribault County, Minn.. Dec. 5, 1894. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 
1917, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 135th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
to Co. M, 30th Inf., 3rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
lune 27, 19 18. Arrived at LeHavre, France, July to, 1918. 
Engaged at Aisne-Marne. St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. With 
.\nny of Occupation. Arrived in U. S. Aug. 23, 1919. Dis- 
charged Aug. 28. 19 19, at Camp Dodge. Iowa. 

NELSON, Arthur Julius, (l.il Private First Class. 

.Son oi Mr. and Mrs. Martin Nelson, Monterey, 

Minn. 
Born April 19, 1892, at DesMoines, Iowa. Resident of Cedar 
Fwii. when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1898, at Fair- 
mont, Minn., as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 
361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July 20, 19 1 8. Participated in following engagements: St. 
Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. April 
15. 1919. and discharged April 28, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

NELSON, Arthur Magnus, (li) Major. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. O. A. Nelson, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Peosta, Iowa, May 18, 1876. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard, July 15, T917, as major, adjutant general's department, 
adjutant of ist Brig. Minn. Inf., later changed to 68th Inf. 
Brig., 34th Div. Assigned to duty at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred luly 10. 1918, to command of Camp Cody Develop- 
ment Battalion No. i. Commanded Camp Cody, Aug. 28 to 
Sept. 23, 1918. On orders for transfer to 97th Div. when 
armistice was signed. Discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., Jan. 
6, 1919. Served as private in Co. D, 12th Minn. Vol. Inf. in 
Spanish-American War, and as major and adjutant ist Brig. Minn. 
Inf. on Mexican border, 1916-17. Fifteen years service in 
Minnesota National Guard. 

NELSON, Oscar Leonard. (15) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. John F. Nelson, Bunnell, Minn. 
Born Feb. 17, 1892. at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, 
and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
S, 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
111., and assigned to Machine Gun Training Center, at Camp 
Hancock, Ga. Discharged July 25, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

NELSON, Victor Robert. (l(i) Private. Son of Mr. 

and .Mrs. John I'*. Nelson. Dunnell, Minn. 
Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, where he was 
born Oct. 23, 1894. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Ilodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. C, 
130th Inf., 33rd Div. at Camo Logan, Texas. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., May 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 
24. 19 18. Engaged at the Somme and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
.May 2g, 1919. 



155 



NEUENSCH WANDER, Albert. (1) Private. Son 

of Air. ;ind Mrs. Rudolph Neueiischwander, Tri- 
umph, Minn. 

Born at Waverly Twp., Martin County, Nov. 9, 1894. Resident 
of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 26, 1918. 
as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Battery D. 332nd 
Field Artillery at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Robinson, 
Wis. Embarked from Boston, Mass., Sept. 16, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre. France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. F'eb. 15, 
1919, discharged Feb. 28, 19 19. 

NEUMANN, Henry John. (2) Corporal. Son of 
Air. and Airs. Ed Neumann, Fairmont, Ad^inn. 

Born at Brown County, Minn., April 19, 1890. Resident of 
Fairmont when inducted at that jdace June 25, 1918, as iirivate 
in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 313th Eng., 86th Div., 
at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeITavre, 
France, Sept. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 27, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 7, 19 19. 

NEUMANN, Theodore Fred. (3) Private First 

Class. S'.)n ni Air. and Airs. Ed Neumann, Fair- 
mont. Alinn. 

Born at Fairmont, ^linn., Feb. t. 1896, where he resided when 
called to feaeral service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn., July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to 
Co. B, 1st Engineers, ist Div., in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France. 
July 12, 1918. Engaged at Saizerais, St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 30, 1919. Took part in 
Pershing Victory Parades at New York and Washington. Dis- 
charged at Camp Grant, III., Sept. 25, 1919. 

NIELSEN, Albert. (4) Private First Class. Son 

of Air. and Airs. P. P. Nielsen. Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at Armstrong, Iowa, Sept. 10, 1895- Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at that place July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Headquarters company, 123rd Field 
Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 
191 S, arriving at LeIIavre. France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at 
St. Mihiel and Meuse- Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 24. 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 

NIELSEN, Christian Jepson. (5) Private First Class. 

Son of Air. and Airs. P. P. Nielsen, Fairmont, 

Alinn. 
Born at Clinton, Iowa. Aug. 17, 1886. Resident of Fairmont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 21, 
1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Outpost Co., 
109th Field Signal Bn., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. C, 307th Field Signal Bn., 82nd 
Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving 
at Cherbourg, France, Oct. 27. 19 18. Returned to U. S. May 
19, 1919. discliar ped at Camp Dodge, Iowa. May 26, 1919. 

NIELSEN, Holger. (6) Private. Son of Air. and 
Airs. N. K. Nielsen, Hobro. Denmark. 

Born in Denmark, May 29, 1894. Served on Mexican border 
in 1916-17 with Co, E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
July 15, 1917. as corporal in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 
Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div., and in Germany to Co. D, 58th Inf., 
4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 6, 19 18, ar- 
riving at Brest, France, Nov. i, 19 18. In Iiospital at Coblenz, 
Germany, two months in 1919. Returned to U. S, July 21, 1919, 
discharged at Ft. Sheridan, 111., Aug. 20, 19 19. 

NIELSON, Louis. (7) Private. Son of Airs. Elsie 
Marie Nielson, Huidbjerg, Denmark, where he was 
born Feb. 4, 1888. 
Resident of Fairmont Twp., jNIartin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. H, 341st Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. 
Transferred in France to Cook Co. No. 5, at Le^Ians. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. 
France. Sept. 27, 191 8. Returned to U. S. Aug. 30, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 6, 1919. 

NIELSEN, Otto. (S) Chauffeur First Class. Par- 
ents deceased. 

Born at Skieve, Denmark, March 10, 1S91. Served as civilian 
truck driver with expedition into Mexico, Truck Co. No. i, 
in 19 16. Resident of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when 
enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., Aug. 23, 1917, as private in the 
aviation section, signal corps, regular army. Assigned to 125th 
Aero Squadron at Kelly Field. Texas. Transferred to loSth 
Aero Squadron and trained at Minneola, L. I. Embarked 
from St. John's, New Brunswick, Dec. 10, 1917, arriving at 
LeIIavre, France, Dec. 28, 1917. Returned to U. S. May 26, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 9, 1919. 



NICHOLSON. Edolf. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. I'Vanz Xicholson, Lunda, Hultajo, Swe- 
den, where he was born May 11, 1896. 
Resident of Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
.Tune 2,s. igi8. as private in artillery, N. A. .\ssipned to 
Battery I), .?3.2nd Field .-\rtillerv at Camp Grant, III. Trained 
at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
i6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Retvirned 
to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, III., Feb. 
28, 1919. 



NISS, Henry Fred. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. August Niss. Fairmont. Minn. 
I>orn .Tune u. 189J, at Waverly Twp.. Martin County. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917, 
as private in engineers. N. .\. .\ssigned to Co. B, 109th Eng.. 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Found physically unfit on 
account of great size for overseas service and discharged June 
6, 1918. at Camp Cody, .\'. M. 



NOLTE, Harold Henry. (11) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry C. Nolte, Fairmont, Minn. 
P.orn at Fairmont, Minn., where he resided when enlisted at Man- 
kato, Minn., Tune 2-3, 1918, as a private in engmeers, K. A. 
.\ssigned to 23rd Recruit Co., leiTcrson Barracks, Mo. 1 rans- 
ferred to Co. L, 5th Engineers. Camp Humphrey, \ irguua. 
Discharged Jan. 14. 1919. 



NORDHAUSEN, August Henry. (121 Private. 

Son of .August NordhausLMi, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Cedar Twp.. Martin County, April 23, 189s, and resi- 
dent of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Headquarters 
Company, 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
barked from Newiiort News, Va., Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at 
Brest, France. Sept. 13. 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to II. S. June 26. 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, III.. 
July 3, 1919. 



NOTTOSON, Ole. (i:i) Private First Class. Son 

of Notto Sinionson. Christiansand, Norway, where 

he was born July 6, 1892. 
Resident of Waverly Twp. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
Sept. 21, 10T7, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
E, 135th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
France to Co. M, 30th Inf.. ^rd Div.. and later to Co. D, 
162nd Inf., 41st Div. Embarked from U. S. June 27, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre, France, luly 10, 1918. Engaged at 
LeCharmel Chau, River Veslc, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.\rgonne. 
Wounded, shrapnel, jaw, and machine gun bullet left hand, 
in Argonnes, Oct. 9, 1918. In hospital as result of wounds 
until Nov. 12, 1918. Returned to LI. S. April 10, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .April 24, 1919. 



NOWAK, John M. (14) Private First Class. Son 

cf Andrew Xowak, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Lamoiit, 111., June 13, 1889. Served with Co. E^_2nd 
Minn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of .Silver 
Lake Twp.. .Martin County, when called to federal service from 
National Guard, July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Trans- 
ferred to Co. B. 126th Inf., 32nd Div., in France. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., .-\pril 6. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
April 15. 1918. Engaged at .\lsace Sector. .\isne-Marne Offen- 
sive. Oise-.\isne Offensive and Meuse-Argonne and with Army 
of Occupation. At front six months with but ten days rest. 
Returned to U. S. May 14, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, May 22, 19 19. 



NOWAK, Tony. (15) Private. Son of Andrew No- 

wak, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Lemont. 111., June 11, 1891. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
26. 1918. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 
t3oth Inf.. 33rd Div., at Camp Mac.\rthur, Texas. Embarked 
from Hoboken. .\. J., May 16, 191S, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
lune 2, 1918. Engaged at the Somme, Aisne, and Meuse-Ar- 
gonne. Returned to U. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, May 29, 1919. 

NUGENT, Thomas James. (Id) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Tom Nugent, Truman, Minn. 
Born at ilitcliell County, Iowa. March 25. 1891. Resident of 
Westford Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Sept. 5. 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to 
Camp Grant. 111., and assigned to i6ist Depot Brigade. Dis- 
charged at Camp Grant, Sept. 16, 1918. 



157 



O'CONNOR, Frank M. ( 1 ) Second Lieutenant. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. M. H. O'Connor. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born April 19, 1892, at St. Paul, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
July 15, 191 7, as private in infantry, at Owatonna. Minn. As- 
signed to Co. I, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred to 4th Reserve Officers Training School at Camp 
Cody, N. M. and connnissioned. Discharged Dec. 7, igi8. 



OLSON, Emmett Harry. (9) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Christma Olson, Fairmont, Minn. 

l^orn at Owatonna, Minn., Nov. 21, 1891. Resident of Wells, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 30, 1918, as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Ambulance Co. 352, 313th 
San i tar V Train, 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
to Hq. Detachment. 88th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Aug. 17, 1918. arriving at Liverpool. England, Aug. 31, 19 18. 
Engaged at Haute- Alsace Sector. Returned to U. S. May 31, 
19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 10. 19 19. 



O'DONNELL, Edward C. (:.') Private. 

Horn in 1S97. Uesidcnt of Jacks*jn, Minn., when called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, ]\Iinn., Tuly 
15, :9i7, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, i36t1i Iiif., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M, Transferred and probably 
sent overseas. No further record. 



OLES, Lennie Lincoln, (d) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Lewis Oles. Truman. Minn. 

Horn Nov. 30. 1895, at Mankato, Minn. Residtnt of Truman. 
Miim., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917. 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 135th Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. 
G, 166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
arriving at Liverpool, July 9, 1918. Engaged at Aisne-^Iarne, 
St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to V. S. March 2J. 
1919, discharged April i, 1919. 



OLIVER, Chauncey Ray. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Wm. H. Oliver, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County. Employed at Enid, 
Mont., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., for local board of 
Sidney, Mont., March 4, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Machine Gun Co., 352nd Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp 
Dodge, Towa. Transferred to Machine Gun Co., 131st Inf., 
33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., May 22, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, May 30, 19 18. 
Engaged with British Army in Sommc Offensive, Aug. 9 to 13, 
1918. .Shell sliocked in explosion of ammunition dump at Cliep- 
pey Ridge, Aug. 13, 1918. In hospital two months. Returned to 
LT. S. March 11, 1919. discharged at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, 
March 26, 1919. 



OLSON, Gust. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
Chris Olson. Blue Earth, Minn. 

Born at Elmore. Minn., June 14. 1898. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
that place July 15, IQ17, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, 136th Inf.. 3ith Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
to camp units at Camp Cody. Discharged at that place Dec. 
19, 191S. 



OLSON, Herman. (Il) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. John Olson, ^Monterey. Minn. 

Burn at Wilton, 111., Nov. 26, 1S94. Resident of Cedar Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 25. 
igi8, as private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 388th 
Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. Transferred to Truck 
Co. No. 6, 322nd Supply Train, 97th Div.. at Camp Cody. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec- i4i 1918. 



OLSON, John A. (12) Corporal. Son of Aug. Ol- 
son, Odsli.irg, Sweden, where he was born Sept. 
28, 1895. 
Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
acks. Mo., July 26. 1917, as private in infantry, regular army. 



Assigned to Co. C, 46th Inf., 9th Div., at Ft. Benjamm Harri- 

Tiansf erred to Co. E, same regiment. Served at 

Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 



son, In._. 

Camp Taylor, Kentucky 

9, 1919 



OLSEN, Abram Christian. (.")) Wagoner. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. C. II. A. Olsen. Ornisl.y, Minn. 
Born at Clalena Twp., Martin County, Jan. 4, 189S, and resident 
thereof when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., July i. 1918, as 
private in coast artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to 
Battery C, 5th Bn.. Trench Mortar .\rtillery, at Ft. Hancock, 
N. J. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 10, 1918, arriving 
at Brest, France, Sept. 20, igi8. Returned to U. S. Jan. 1 1, 
1919, discharged at Cam,j Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 1. 1919. 



OLSON, John Victor, (i:: ) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Celia Olson, Dunnell. 
Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, May 10, 1895. and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 
1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to 163rd Depot Brigade 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, transferred to Co. C, and later Co. D, 
Camp Dodge Development Battalion. Assigned to Spruce Division 
at Lincoln, New Hampshire, and Camp Devens, Mass. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 24, 1918. 



OLSEN, Tore, (d) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

C. H. A. Olsen, Ormsby, Minn. 
Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, Dec. i. 1895, a"d resi- 
dent thereof wh.en enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15, 1918. 
as private in infantry, regular army. Trained at University 
farm, St. Paul, Minn. Assigned to Co. C, 20th Inf., at Camp 
Funston, Kansas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
26, 1919. 



OLSON, L. E. (14) Private. 

llMTii 111 1893. Kesident of Wells, Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
IS 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, u6th Int., 
.34tli Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged for physical disa- 
iiility at Camp Cody in October, 1917. 



OLSON, Alfred. (7) Private. Foster son of Mr. 

and Mrs, H. C. Josten, Odin, Minn. 
Born at EauClaire, Wis., Sept. 27, 1895. Resident of Cedar 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., F'eb. 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A, Assigned to Co, M, 
jSist Inf., 88th Div,, at Cam]) Dodge, Iowa, Transferred to 
48th Co., 20th Engineers at .\merican University, Washington. 
D, C, Embarked irom Hoboken, N, J., May 21, 1918, arriving 
at Brest, France, May 30, 191S. Returned to U. S. June j8, 
1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 28, 1919, 



OLSON, Thorkel Jones. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Ole T. Olson, Dows, Iowa, 
liorn at Dows, Iowa, June iS, 1891. Resident of Ceylon, ilinn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June j6, 1918, as private 
in infantry. Sent to Camp VVadsworth, S. C, and assigned to 
llt|, Co., 54th Pioneer Inf. Embarked from Newport News, 
\'a., Aug. 29, igi8, arriving at Brest, France, Sept, 12, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 29, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. July 3, 1919- 



OLSON, Adolph E. (8) Private First Class. Son of 

Mrs. Bertha Olson, Triumph, Minn, 
Born at Calamus, Iowa, March 13, iSgo. Resident of Waverly 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. .*\. Assigned to Co. M, 
364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Washington, Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, July 21, igiS, Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne 
and Ypres Sector. Returned to U. S. Marcli 31, 1919, dis- 
charged April 19, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 



OLTMAN, Henry J. (Kj) Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. H, J, Oilman, Welcome, Minn, 

Born at Welcome, Minn., May 26, 1891, where he resided 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn,, July 26, i9"8, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer 
Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport 
News, Va., Aug. 28, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
26, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 



159 



OLTMAN, Oscar H. (1) Mechanic. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. H. J. Oltman, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Welcome, Minn., Feb. 2, 1895, and resided when in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, 191 8. as private in infan- 
try, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., 
Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., 
Aug. 28, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 19 18. En- 
gaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919- 



OLTMAN, Willie Henry. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry Oltman. Kairmont. Minn. 
Born at Welcome Minn., May 5, 1895. Resident of Eraser 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 
25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
E. 332nd F. A., S6th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at 
Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17, 
1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 4. igi8. Returned 
to U. S. Feb. 15, 19 19. discharged at Camp Grant. Til., Feb. 
28, 1919. 



OSELIUS, Arthur. (;i) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Aug. Oselius, Barron, Wis. 
Born at lioone, Iowa, Feb. 7, 1888. Resident of Lake Fremont 
Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 5, 19 18, as private in infantry ( machine gun), N. A. 
Assigned to 14th Co.. 3rd Bn., Training Group No. 2, Gamp 
Hancock, Ga. Discharged March 1, 1919, at Camp Grant, III. 



PALMER, Ray G. (9) First Lieutenant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. J. E. Palmer. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont. Feb. 19. igoo. Resident of St. Paul, Minn., 
when enlisted at Ft. Sheridan, 111., July 18, 1918, as private 
in Infantry Officers Training Camp. Commissioned 2nd Lieut. 
Sept. 16. 1918. Assigned to duty at Camp Perry, Ohio, small 
arms firinc school. Discharged Jan. 15, 1919. 



PALMER, Reuben William. (10) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. James II. Palmer, Grass Lake. Mich. 

Born at Jackson County, Michigan, Aug. 30, 1888. Resident 
of Fairmont when inducted at that place April 29, 19 iS. as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 351st Field Hospital 
Co., 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred to Co. C, 31 Mh Field Signal Bn.. 88th Div. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 1918, arriving at LeFIavre, 
France, Sept. 1 , 19 1 8. ICngaged at Haute-Alsace sector. Re- 
turned to U. S. May 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
June 10, 1919. 

PARK, Earl Edward. (11) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Mary L. Park, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, April 15, igoo. 
Resident of Center Creek Twp., Martin County, when enlisted 
May 20, 1918, at Mankato, Minn., as private in Coast Artillery 
Corps, regular army. Sent to Ft. Adams, R. I., and assigned to 
Battery B, 50th Coast Artillery Corps. Embarked from New- 
port News. Va., Oct. 7. 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 
21, 1918.' Returned to U. S. Feb. 14, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 27, 1919. 



OSTGAARD, Holger. (4) Private. Son of A. L. 

Ostgaard. Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Martin County, Minn., June 16, 1894, and resident of 
Jay Twp., .in" said county, when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, IQ17, as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to Hq. Co., 124th Field 
Artillery, 33 rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 
28, 191S, arriving abroad July 10, 191S. Engaged at St. Mihicl 
and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 26, 19 19. and 
discharged June 8, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



OWEN, Ira David. (5) First Lieutenant. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. D. G. Owen, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born Feb. 21, 1894, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard on 
July 15, 1917, as private. Assigned tt.i \U\. Detachment, 68th 
Inf. Brigade at Camp Cody, N. M. Connnissioned from Offi- 
cers Training Camp on Aug. 26, 1918. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Oct. 3, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, (Jet. 26, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. July 7, 1919, and discharged at Camp Gordon, 
Georgia, July 30, 1919. 



OWEN, William Floyd. (G) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. D. G. Owen. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 28, 1S98, where he resided 
when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July 26, 191 7. as 
private in Air Service, regular army. Assigned to 54th Aero 
Squadron, changed later to 466th Aero Squadron, at Kelly Field, 
Texas. Fmbarked from Hoboken, N. J., October 13, 19 17, ar- 
riving abroad Oct. 29, 1917. Returned to U. S. Jan. 30, 1919, 
and discharged Feb 10, 1919. 



PACKARD, Silas Marion. (7) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Packard, Sherburn, 

Minn, 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Oct. 14, 1895, where he resided when 
enlisted Dec. 14, 1917, at Ft. Dodge, Iowa, as private in avia- 
tion, regular army. Assigned to 48 th Aero Squadron, 3rd 
Aviation Regiment, at Waco, Texas. Transferred to 31st 
Balloon Co., Ft. Sill, Oklahoma. Embarked from New York, 
June 29, 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 15, 1918. 
Stationed in France until April 20, 19 19. Returned to U. S. 
May 25, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919. 



PALMER, Major Orville. (8) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Hattie B. Murtaugh, Ce3'lon, ]\linn. 

Born at Columbia County, Wis., Feb. 2, 1890. Employed at 
San Benito, Texas, when inducted at Brownsville, Texas, Sept. 
5, 1917, as private in Field Artillery, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
l*', 315th Eng., 90th Div., at Camp Travis, Texas. Transferred 
to Co. C, 2nd Bn. U. S. Guard, at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. 
Discharged at Camp Logan, Texas, Dec. 21, 1 9 1 8. 



PARKER, Ora Elmer. ([2) Corporal. Son of John 

Parker. Springfield. 111. 
Born at Antioch, 111., Jan. 5, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
that place July 15, 1 9 1 7. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
in France to Co. A, 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J.. Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Nov. 
I, 1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 19 19. 

PARSONS, Harvey Russell. (13) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Theodore A. Parsons, Man- 
kato, Minn. 

Born Oct. 1 1, 1894. at Watonwan County, Minn. Resident of 
Ormsby, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. L, iith Inf., 5th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, igi8, arriving in England, July 
9, 19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Cited in orders by Major 
General Ely. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919. discharged at 
Camp Dodge. Iowa. July 28, 19 10. 

PATSCHE, Elmer J. (14) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Chas. H. Patsche, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Elgin, 111., Oct. 22, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
when inducted at that place April 29, 1918, as private in infan- 
try, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 313th Supply Train, 88th Div., 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 5th Bn., U. S. Guards 
at Ft. Robinson, Nebraska. Transferred to cadre of Co. B, 
Development Bn. No. i, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Discharged at 
Camp Dodge. Iowa, Dec. 26, i g 1 8. 

PATTERSON, Clarence Leonard. (15) Sergeant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Patterson, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Houston, Minn., Sept. 27, 1898. Served with Co. E, 
2nd Minn. Int., on Mexican border, 1916-17. Resident of Fair- 
mont when called to federal service from National Guard at 
that place July 15, 191 7, as corporal in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Cajnp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred to American Embarkation Center in France. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 15, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, Oct. 2, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July* 15, 1919. 

PAULING, Arthur. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 

^Irs. Henry Pauling, Granville, Iowa. 
Born at Granville, Iowa, June 15, 1893. Resident of Truman, 
Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
26, 19 1 8, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 
159th Inf., 40th Div., Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred to 
Co. L, 307th Inf., 77th Div., in France. Embarked from Ho- 
boken. Aug. 8, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 20, 1918. Engaged 
at Meuse-Argonne, until Oct. 9, when he was sent to hospital 
for sprained right knee. Returned to U. S. Feb. 10, 19191 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 5, 1919. 



161 



■Vmamkmttmm"," 



WSfW^ 



WWPi 



wmm 



"S^V^yg; 



T^^«^ .; ;«»»;w g^, 




L .-:==,=^:.,x^ 



PEARSON, Jake. ( l ) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Nul^ rcarsnii. MinUercy, Minn. 
Born at .Martin tounty. .Minn., Nov. i, iSgj. Resident of 
Monterey, Minn., wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. .Tnly 26. 
T918, as private in infantry, JV. A. Assigned to fleadr|uarters 
Co.. 54th I'ioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
from Newport .N'ews, V'a., Aug. 29, 19 18, arriving at Brest. 
France, Sept. 12, 19 18. Kn gaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
to U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant. III., July 3, 
J919. 

PEDERSON, Iver Conrad. (:*) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Pcder I. Pederson, Odin. Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 5, 1895. Resident of Cedar 
Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
June 25, 1918, as private in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Battery 
D, 3.32nd Field Artillery, at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to 
Co. A, 7th Inf., 3rd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken. 
N. J., Sept. 16, 1 918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 29, 
1 9 18. Returned to U. S. Aug. 13, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 28, 1919. 



PERRIN, Ernest L. (3) Private. 

Born in i8q(). Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
15, 1917. Sent to Camp Cody, X. M. and assigned to Co. E, 
136th Inf.. 34th Div. Sent overseas in June, 1918 and assigned 
to a combat division. Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned 
in summer of 1919. No furtiier record. 



PERRY, Lyle Allison. (4) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Hattie Perry, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born April 5. 1896, at Estherville, Iowa. Married, one child. 
Resident of Rollnig (Jreen Twji., Martin County, Minn., when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 4th Inf., Training Bn., Camp Mac- 
Arthur, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Jan. 10. 1919. 



PERSONIUS, Andrew Simon. (5) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. A. Persom'us. Fairniunt. Minn. 
Born at Tenhassen 'i'wp., Martin County, Aug. 23, 1889. Resi- 
■dent of Fairmont Minn., when inducted at that place April 6, 
1918, as private, general service, N. A. Trained as motor 
mechanic at University of Cincinnati. Transferred to Field 
Artillery Replacement Depot at Camp Jackson, S. C. and as- 
signed to Batteiy B, 4th Regt., F. A. R. D., later to Battery 
A. 6th Regt. F. A. R. D. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
Jan. 5, 1919. 



PERSONIUS, William Cornelius. {i\) Private. Son 

of Mrs. Fred Hanscome, Delevan, Minn. 
Born at Madelia, Minn., March 7, 1893. Married, one child. 
Resident of l''airmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
A, 346th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred on 
account of physical disability to Camp Grant Development Bn. 
Sent later to Camp Logan, Texas. Discharged at that place 
Dec. 14, 1918. 



PERSONIUS, William H. (7) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. A. Personius, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmotit, Xuv. 7, 1895. Resident of Silver Lake Twp., 
Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 15, 1918, as private in the National Army. Trained at the 
University of Minnesota. Transferred to Truck Co. 552, at 
Camp Humphreys, V'a., later to 20th Supply Train, Camp Sevier, 
S. C. l-Jischarged Feb. 25, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



PERSONS, Lee. (8) Private First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. G. B. Persons, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Dec. 21, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., Dec. 17, 19 17, as 
private in aviation section, signal corps. Sent to Jelferson 
J3arracks, Mo., and assigned to Co. 102, Air Service Mechanics 
Regiment. Trained at Camp Hancock, Ga. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., March 4, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
March 8, 19 18. With the A. E. F. sixteen months. Returned 
io U. S. June 18; 1919. discharged at Lamp Dodge, Iowa, June 
30, 1919. 



PETERS, Albert Alexander. (9) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Carl Peters, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, March 21, 1889, and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th 



Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. G, 132nd Inf., 
33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Discharged on account of 
disqualifying illness June 10, 19 18. 

PETERSON, Albert Oscar. {in» Private First Class. 
of Mr. and Mrs. Olof Peterson, Fairmont, Minn. 
Minn. 

Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, May 13, 1893, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 

19 1 7, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. M, 135th Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. 
H, 165th Inf., 42nd Div. Kmbarked from Hoboken, N. J.. June 
27, 1918. arriving at LeHavre. France, about July 20, 1918. ICn- 
gaged at Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.-\rgonne. Evacu- 
ated from front line Nov. 5, 1918. on account of illness. Re- 
turned to C S. March r8, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, April 9. 1919. 

PETERSON, Arthur John. {11) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. .\. J. Peterson, Triumph, Minn. 

Born Jan. 31, 1889, at Cedar Twp.. Martin County. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn,, when inducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917. 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E. 135th Inf., 
34tii Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred on account of pliysical 
disability to Headquarters Cadre, Camp Cody Development 
Battalion -No. i. Discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., Dec. 2, 
1918 w^ith 20 jier cent disability. 

PETERSON, August Peter. (12) Corporal. Son of 
Julin A. Peterson <>f Elm Creek I'wp., Martm 
County, 

Born at Martin County, Oct. 25, 1898. wdiere he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn, in Co. F, 1st Minn. Inf., National 
Guard in federal service. Served at Ft. Snelling, Minn., until 
Oct. 1917, when his outfit became the 135th Inf., at Camp 
Cody, N. M., (34th Div.). Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Oct. 12. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 28, igi8. 
Transferred to Prisoner of VV^ar Escort Co. 206, at St. Nazaire, 
France, where he guarded German prisoners until Oct. i, 1919. 
Returned to U. S. Oct. 31, 1919, discharged Nov. 11, 1919. 

PETERSON, George William. (Li) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Olof Peterson, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County. April 24. 18S8, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 6, 

19 1 8, as private in artillery, N. A. Trained at Motor School 
at University of Cincinnati. Ohio. Assigned to Battery C, 23rd 
Heavy Artillery ( Motorized ) at Camp Jackson, S. C. Trans- 
ferred at the front in France to Battery A, 120th Field Artillery, 
32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 5, 1918, ar- 
riving at Cherbourg. France, July 20, 19 18. Engaged at the 
Aisne, Avocourt and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 
4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 17, 1919- 

PETERSON, Gust Oscar. (H) Corporal. Son of 
Oscar Peterson, Ruthton. Minn. 

Born at that place July 8. 1896. Resident of I'airmont, Minn., 
when called to service from National Guard at that place, July 15, 

19 1 7. as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., and 
assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. as company clerk. 
Transferred in France to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div., later 
to Mechanical Unit No. 2, Polish I'yphus Relief Expedition. 
Last service was with Replacement Depot at Coblenz, Germany, 
as clerical worker. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 

1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. Dec. 2. 1919. discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., Dec. 6, 1919. 

PETERSON, Harry Ebenezer. ( l.V) Musician. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. Louis E, Peterson, Dunnell. Minn. 

Born at Ogden, Iowa, Sept. 27, 1894. Married. Served on 
the Mexican border in 1916 and tqit with the Iowa National 
Guard. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard with Co. E, ist Iowa Inf., July 
15, 191 7. as a bugler. Command later became Co. E, 133rd 
Inf., 34th Div., stationed at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
at Camp Cody on Feb. 5, 1918, for disability incurred while 
in Mexican border service. 

PETERSON, Hugh Gunard. (16) Sergeant. Son of 

J. A. Peterson, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Martin County, Minn., Aug. 9, 1895. Employed at 
Plainfield, N. J., when enlisted April 19, 1917. at Ft. Slocum, 
N. v., as private in aviation service, signal corps, regular army. 
Trained at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, Kelly Field, Texas, Camp 
Hoare, Ontario, Talifero Field, Texas, and Garden City, N. Y. 
Assigned to 40th Aero Squadron, later to 28th Aero Squadron. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Feb. 25. 19 18. arriving at 
Liverpool, England. March 5, 1918. Engaged at Somme defen- 
sive, Lys defensive, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
gonne. Returned to U. S. May 31, 1919. discharged at Mitchell 
Field, L. 1., June 12, 1919. 



163 



PETERSON, James. (1) Private. Son of Lars 

Peterson, Ames, Iowa. 
Born in 1891. Knipioyed in Martin County when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to 
Camp (Irant, III. Trained in the U. S. until discharged about 
Dec, 1918. 



Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf.. (later 136th Inf.). Transferred to 2nd 
Reserve Officers Training camp at Ft. Snelling, Minn., and 
commissioned. Assigned to Co. E, and later to Co. F, 352nd 
Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. 16, igiS, arriving at Liverpool, England, Aug. 28, 

19 18. Engaged at Haute- Alsace. Returned to U. S., June i, 

1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 



PETERSON, John Martin. (2) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Carl Peterson. Annberg, Sweden, 

Born at Annberg, Sweden. June 8. 1891. Resident of Monterey, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 35rst Inf., 88th 
Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to ist Provisional 
Development En., Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged at Camp 
Sevier, S. C, Nov. 27, 1918. 



PETERSEN, Maurice Peter, r.'.) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs, Kristian Peterson, Sherburn, Minn., 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 11, 1892, where he resided when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infan- 
try. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Head- 
quarters Co., 341st Inf., 86th Div. Transferred to Co. C, 36th 
Bn., U. S. Guard, at Ft. Sheridan, 111. Discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111., Jan. 23, 1919. 



PETERSON, John PhUip. (4 J Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Peterson, Triumph, Minn. 

Born at Chicago, 111., Oct. 29, 1896. Resident of Triumph, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 24, 19 18, as 
private in Motor Transport Corps. Assigned to Motor Trans- 
port School at Indianapolis, Ind. Transferred to Motor Trans- 
port Corps, Co. 377, at Camp Merritt. N. J., later to Camp Bragg, 
N. C. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 28, 19 19. 



PETERSON, Peter Elan. ( :. ) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Enger Peterson, Truman, Minn. 

Born at Ida County, Iowa. Feb. 5. 1888. Resident of Waverly 
Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 364th 
Inf., 91st Div., Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. July 21, 1918. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Ypres-Lys. Returned 
to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., April 
21, 1919. 



PETERSON, Peter J. (6) Private. Son of Mrs. 
In.i>ar Peterson. Ringkobing. Denmark, where he 
was born April IS, 18S9. 

Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place 
Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
111., and assigned to duty with camp units at that place. Dis- 
charged Feb. 17, J919, at Camp Grant, 111. 



PETTERSON, Johannes Alfred. (7) Private. Par- 
ents reside in Sweden. 
Born at Jonskoping, Smoland, Sweden, June 5. 1892. Resident 
of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at St. James, Minn.. June 
24, 191S, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Wadsworth. S. C. 
and assigned to Co. 1, 4th Pioneer Inf. Embarked Aug. 30. 
1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 15, 191 8. In hospital in 
France, October 15, 1918, to April 8, 1919. Returned to U. S. 
April 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 14, 1919. 



PEW, Ellsworth Lamont. (8) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. C. R. Pew, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Madelia, Minn., March 17, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
]\Iinn., when inducted at that place May 27, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to 26th Co., 7th Bn., Depot Brigade 
at Camp Lewis, Washington. Discharged Dec. 2, 1918. 



PHIFER, Earl Edgar. (9) First Lieutenant. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Phifer, Nevada, Iowa. 
Born at Keota, Iowa, April 27, 1889. Served in U. S. navy 
in Vera Cruz expedition in 1914. Also with Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
Inf., as 1st Sergt., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., wlien called to federal service from National 
Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as 1st SergL of infantry. 



PIEPER, Albert Herman. (Ki) Private First Class. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Pieper, Cejdon, Alinn. 

Born at DuPage County, 111., March i, 1896. Resident of Lake 
Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Feb. 2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 
I r9th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J.. May 11, 1918, arriving abroad May 27, 1918. 
Engaged at Ypres. Bellicourt, Besiging and St. Souplet. Re- 
turned to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
April 12, 1919. 



PIETROWIAK, William Joseph. (11) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Airs. Jiibeph Petriowak, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to 5th 
Co., 1 61 St Depot Brigade. Discharged for hernia at Camp 
Grant. 111., Sept. 9, 1918. 



PILTZ, George Edward. (\::) Farrier. Son of Ed- 
ward Piltz, Naperville, 111. 
Born at Downer's Grove. 111., Oct. 2. 188S. Resident of Wel- 
come, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Feb. 25, 1918. as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st, 88th Div., 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 1 19th Inf., 
30th Div.. at Camp Sevier, S. C. Transferred to veterinary 
corps and promoted farrier. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
March 13, 1919- 



PIXLER. Marvin Harold. (13) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. C. ^1. i'ixler. Triumph, Minn. 

Born at Rising Sun, Neb., Nov. 21, 1894. Married. Resident 
of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 
14, 1917, as private in ordnance, N. A. Assigned to i8th Co., 
ist Regt., P. O. D. B. at Camp Jackson. S. C. Trained at 
Camps Jackson and Hancock. Embarked from New York, May 
26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. England, June 8, 1918. Re- 
turned to U. S. May 22, 1919. and discharged June 2, 1919. ^t 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



PLUMHOFF, Louis F. (14) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Gt-o. Plumhoff, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. April 28, 1894, and resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Mihn., Sept. 21, 19^7, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E. i35tb Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. 
M, 49th Inf. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre. France, Oct. 27, 1918. Returned to U, S. 
Tan. 21. 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 24, 1919- 



PONDORF, Frank, (15) Private. Son of Mrs. Ber- 
tha Shinncman, Hoopeston, 111. 

Born at Fairmont. Minn., Dec. 28, 1897, and resident thereof 
when entering service. Served previously on Mexican border 
in 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Called to federal service 
from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 191"' as 
private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at 
Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Battery E, 123rd 
Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S., 
May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 7, I9i9> 



POOLE, William H. (10) Private First Class. Son 

uf Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Poole, Truman, Alinn. 
Born March 17, 1895. at Winnebago, Minn. Resident of Tru- 
man, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 13, 191^. 
as private, field artillery, regular army. Assigned to Bty. r, 
2ist Field Artillery, 5th Div., at Leon Springs, Texas. Em- 
barked from Montreal. Canada, May 26, 191S. Arrived at Le- 
Havre, France, June 20, 191S. Engaged as follows: St. Mihxel, 
St. Die Sector, Metz front. Returned to U. S., July 22, 1919. 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 5, i9i9- 



165 



POPLOWSKI, Ole. (1) Private. Parents In Rus- 
sian Poland, supposed to have perished in the war. 
Born at Xicholis, Russian Poland. May 19, 1894. Came to U. S. 
in 1913. Kesidcnt of Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at that 
place, May 26, 1918. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., and assigned 
to 1 66th Uepot Brigade. Transferred to Camp Fremont, Calif., 
and assigned to Co. I, 62nd Inf.. Sth Div. At port of em- 
barkation when armistice was signed. Served at Camp Lee. 
Va., Nov., 1918 to June 1919. Discharged at Camp Grant, III.. 
June 19, 1919. 



POPP. William A. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
William Popp. I'airmont, Minn. (Now Minneapo- 
lis.) 

Born at Pierre, S. D., Dec. 25, 1896. Employed at Chicago, 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 19 18, as private 
of infantry, X. A. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, and as- 
signed to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf. Embarked from 
Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29. 191 8. arriving at Brest, J-'rance, 
Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S., 
June 26, 1Q19, discharged July 3, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 



POPPE, Walter Carl. (;i) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Fred Poppe. Ceylon. Minn. 
Born at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County. July 2, 1895. and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. July 26. 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, X. C. 
and assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th I'ioneer Inf. Embarked 
from Newport News. \'a.. Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, Sept. 12, 19 iS. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
to U. S., June 29, 19 19, discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. Jvily 
3. 1919. 



Assigned to Co, E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
In hospital Nov. 15. 1917, to Aug. 13, 1918. for acute cellulitis 
followed by permanent ankalosis left ankle joint. Discharged, 
permanently disabled, at Camp Cody, N. M., Aug. 13, 19 18. 



PRINDLE, Wayne Cecil. (U) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Bessie Thompson, Lacona, N. V. 
Born at Westford Twp., ilariin County. Sept. 23. 1S97. Resident 
of I'airmont, Minn., when called to federal service from Xnlional 
Guard at that i)lace July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34tb Div., Camp Cody, N'^. M. Trans- 
ferred to Supply Co.. 123rd I'ield Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. 
ICmbarked from Hobokcn, X. J., June 28. 1Q18. arriving at 
Liverpool, England, July 9, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
Meuse-Arponne. Returned to U. S., June 20, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Mills. Long Island, June 30, 1919. 



PULVER. Edbert Lyle. (IO) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Edith Wakey. Granada, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont. Minn., July 31 1896. Student at Champaign, 
111., when inducted at Urbana, 111., Oct. 30, 19 18, as private 
in S. A. T. C. Discharged Dec, 191 8. 



QUADE, Otto Albert. (11) Private. Parents de- 
ceased. 
Born April 15, 1895, at Wells, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place Jan. 19, 1918, as private in 
inlantrv, X. A. Assigned to Co. L, 59th Inf., 4t\t Div.. at 
Camp Greene, S. C. Transferred to Co. B, loth U. S. (luards 
at Jersey City, N. J. Discharged Jan. 30, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. 



PORATH, Fred William. (4) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Emily Fnrstnow, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Wahpeton, N^. D., May i8, 1893. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when enlisted at Chicago, 111., Oct. 4. 19 17, as private 
in regular army. Assigned to Hf|. Co., fust Inf., 5th Div., at 
Gettysburg, Pa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 15. 1918, 
arriving at Brest. France, April 28. 1918. Engaged at LaCude, 
Mere Huerey, LaChappel, St. Mihiel, Aleuse-Argonne. Returned 
to U. S., July 20, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
28, 1919. Served previously in Canadian air forces. 



Corporal. Parents de- 



QUADE, William G. (1:^ 

ceased. 

Born Feb. 12, 1892, at Wells, Minn. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when inducted at that place April 29. 1918. Assigned 
to Co. !■:. 113th Supply Train, 8Stli Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Embarked ~ from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 24. 1918. arriving at 
LeHavre, F'rance, Sept. 11, 1918. Served in Haute-Alsace sec- 
tor. Returned to U. S. June 3. 19 "9. and discharged June 10, 
1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



PORTER, Robert Edwin. ( .'. ) First Lieutenant. Son 

of C. A. I'urter, I'airniont, Minn. 
Born Jan. 28, 1892, at Alliance, Neb. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted May 15, 191 7, in R. O. T. C. at Ft. 
Snelling. Minn., for commission in artillery. Commissioned 2nd 
Lieut., Aug. 15, 1917. Assigned as assistant to Quartermaster, 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Camp Jos. E. Johnston, 
Florida, later to Camp Kearney. Calif. Embarked from Floboken. 
N. J., ^\ug. 15, igi8, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 1. 
1 918. In action in Toul sector Sept. 26, 1918. Engaged in 
Meuse-Argonne otTensive. Returned to U. S., April 2y, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Lee, \'a.. May 5, 1919. 



POWERS, Wayne Myron, (li) Musician Third Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. L. Powers, Fairmonr, 
Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 15, 1896, where be resided when 
enlisted in Xational Guard in federal service at Fairmont. Minn., 
Aug. 3, 1917, as bugler in infantry. Assigned to Co. E. i36tb 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in i'Vance 
to H(|. Co. (band) i6ist Inf., 41st Div. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J.. June 28. 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
July 13, 1 9 1 8. Returned to U. S. Feb, 22, 1918, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 12, 1919. 



PRAFKE, Frank Albert. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Frank H. Prafke. Granada, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont, May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., July 22, 1918, arriving 
at Liverpool, Eng., Aug. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 
25, 1919. discharged April 5, 1919. 



PRINDLE, Ray L. (8) Private. Son of Mrs. Bessie 
Tiiompson. Lacona. N. Y. 

Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, June 13, 1895. Resident 
of Truman, Minn., when called to federal service from X^ational 
Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 



QUIEN, Carl B. (U) Private. Parents deceased. 

r.nrn Feb. 20. i8g6, at Winnishiek County, Iowa. Resident of 
Sherhurn. Minn., when inducted Feb. 10, 1918, at Hettinger, 
X. D., as private in Spruce Production Division, Signal Corps. 
N. A. Served at Vancouver Barracks, Wash. Discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 20. 19 19. 



QUINN, Roswell James, (l-i) Private. Son of JiulRe 

and Mrs. J. H. Quinn, Fairmont, Minn. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Mo., July 20, 1918, as private in Quartermaster Corps, 
regular army. Assigned to duty at Camp Joseph E. Johnston, 
Jacksi>nvi]le, Fla. Discharged Dec. i, 1918. 



RAFORTH, August, (l.")) Ordnance Sergeant. Son 
of Wni. Raforth, Welcome, Minn. 

Born lune 19. 1890, at Iroquois County, 111. Resident ot 
Triump'h, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 
14, 1917, as private in Ordnance Corps, regular army. Assigned 
to Co. B, 3rd Provisional Ordnance Battalion, Camp Jackson, 
S. C, later Camp Hancock, Ga. Transferred to Air Service 
Production Center No. 2, later to Air Supply Depot, Mehan. 
France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 26, 1918, arnvuig 
at P.ordeaux, France, June 9, 1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
30, 1919. discharged Sept. 23, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



RATLEDGE, Stanley Ivan, (lii) Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Ratledge, Fairmont. Minn., 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 16, 1894, where be resided when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., 
July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. D, 
I St Engineers, 1st Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. I., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 13. 1918. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded, slightly, 
by high explosive, left knee, and gassed, severely, Meuse-Argonne, 
Oct. 4. 1918. Returned to command after 13 weeks in hospital. 
With Army of fjccupation and participated in Pershing Victory 
parades New York and Washington. Returned to U. S., Sept. 
4, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Sept. 25, 1919- 



167 




m 



M 



REDMAN, Franz Henry, (l) Private. Son of Mrs 

W'illiclniina Re<inian, Monterey*. Minn. 
Eoni at Jackson, Minn., Jan. 13, 1S92. Resident of Monterey, 
!Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 19 18, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 351st l-'ield Hospital, 
88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 3rd Co., Depot 
Lrigade at Presidio, Calif., and to U. S. Guards at that place. 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 17, 19 19. 



RETTKE, Edward A. (9) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Aug. Ochs. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at I'raser Twp,, Martin County, Oct. 17, 1894. Resident 
of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., July 26, 1918.. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads worth, 
S. C. Embarked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 26, 19 18, ar- 
riving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 18, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Grant, III., July 1, 1919. 



REIMAN, Fredrick Otto, en Private. Parents de- 
ceased. 
Born at Martin County, Minn., Nov. 27, 1890. Resident of Cey- 
lon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 313th Ammuni- 
tion Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 
Co. E. 307th Engrs., 82nd Div., Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., April 27, 1918, arriving at Lellavre, France, 
May 13. 1918. Engaged at St. Miliiel. Gassed (mustard) Sept. 
17, 1918, in hospital 2 months. Returned to U. S. Jan. 22, :9r9, 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 8, 1919. Permanently 
disabled. 



RETTKE. Henry A. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Henry E. Rettke, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at St. Louis, Mo.. Dec. 10, 1890. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place June 25. 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 344th Inf.. S6th Div., at 
Camp Grant. III. Transferred in France to Co. F, iiith Inf., 
28th Div. Enibarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving 
at Bordeaux, France, Sept. 30. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 
J9, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 15, 1919. 



REINKE, Bert H. (;j) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. F. H. Rienke, Truman. Minn. 

Born Jan. 21, 1893. at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Truman, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2. 19 18, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 53rd Inf., 6th Div., 
at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
6. 1918. Arrived LeHavre, France, July 23, 1918. Engagements: 
\'osges, Meuse- Argonne. .\rrived back in U. S. June, 19 19. 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jtme 21 . 10 19. 



REUTTER, Glen Albert. (11) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Albert Reutter, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Fenton. Iowa, July 27, 1896. Resident of Rutland Twp., 
Martin County, when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., May 23, 1918, 
as private in coast artillery, regular army. Assigned to 2nd 
Co.. 'C. A. C. at Ft. Caswell. N. C. Transferred at that place 
to Battery D, 6th Trench Artillery. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Nov. 2. 191S, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 9, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Jan. 8, 1919* discharged Jan. 30, 1919. 



REINKE, Herbert G. ( 4 ) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. \V. E. Reinke. Truman. Minn., 
Born Nov. 28. 1896, at West ford Twp., Martin County, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, igi8. 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th 
Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport 
News. \'a., Aug. 29, 191S, Arrived at Brest. I'Vance, Sept. 12. 
1918. Engaeed at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. .S. June 
2(1, 1919. Discharged July 3, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 



REYNOLDS. Sanford Walton. (1:^) Private First 

Class. Son of Mr. and Mr^.. D. M. Reynolds, Slier- 
burn, Minn. J^ 
Born at Sherburn, Minn.. Dec. 25. 1893, and resided there when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15. 1918, as private in signal 
corps. N. A. Assigned to ist Training Detachment. University 
of Minnesota. Transferred to Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, 4th 
Training Battalion, Signal Corps. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Jan. 18. 1919- 



REINKE, William A. (.->) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 

]\lrs. W. E. Reinke, Truman. Minn. 
Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Feb. to, 1895, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 25, 
1918, as «si\ate in infantrv. N. .\. .\ssigned to Co. M, 
388th Inf.,^7th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to 
Co. 2. Ordiwnce Guards, at Ft. Wingate, N. M. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July July 10, 1919. 



REITER, Alfred William, (fi) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Ed Reiter, Truman, Minn. 

Born at LaSalle County. 111., Aug. 4, 1891. Resident of West- 
ford Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Machine Gun Com- 
pany, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
in France to Co. F, 144th Inf.. 36th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 23, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
Oct. 24, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 6, 19 19, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 



REITER, Julius Albert. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Ed Reiter, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Wenona, 111., Oct. 26. 1896. Resident of Westford Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 25. 19 18, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf.. 
■97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918, at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



RETTKE, Charles D. (8) Private First Class. Son 

of Mrs. .August Ochs. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, Dec. 2, 18S8. Resident 
of Rutland 1 wp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 136th 
Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M, Transferred in France 
to Supply Co., 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div.. later to 272nd 
Military Police, 33rd Div. Embarked from Moboken. N. J., June 
^8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged 
at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 9, 
19 1 9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 20, 1919. 



RICHARDSON, Walter Bradford, (i:^) Private. Son 

of Dr. and xMrs. VV. J. Richardson, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 12, 1898, and resided there when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. 2, 1918, as private m 
S. A. T. C. Assigned to University of Minnesota for training. 
Disciiarged at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. i, 1918. 



RIEDEL, Otto Harold. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Robert Riedel, Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Clinton County, Iowa, June 7, 1896. Resident of Fox 
I^lce Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
Orant. 111., and assigned to i6ist Depot Brigade. Transferred to 
Machine Gun Training Center at Camp Hancock, Ga., trainmg 
in 19th Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919- 



RICE, Ira Jesse. (15) Private. Son of Mrs. Anna 

Rice, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Buckley, 111., Dec. 18, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 19 18, as private 
in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Battery D. 33^^<i Field Artillery, 
86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111- Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis, 
Transferred to Co. D, ist Development Battalion, Camp Grant, 
111. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 18, 1918. 



RIDDELL, Walter N. (ifj) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 

Maggie Riddell, Bunnell, Minn. 
Born May 29, 1887, at Wall Lake, Iowa. Employed at West- 
brook. :\Iinn., when enlisted at that place June 24, 1917, as private 
in Field Artillery, regular army. Assigned to Battery D, 17th 
Field Artillery, 2nd Div., at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked 
from Newport News, Va., Feb. 15, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, 
France, March 12, 1918. Participated in the following engage- 
ments and campaigns: Toulon, Troyon, Toulon-Tryon, Aisne 
Defensive, Chateau-Thierrv, Aisne-Marne offensive, Marbache, 
St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne (Champaigne) and with Army of 
Occupation. Riddell's battery was decorated for action at 
Chateau-Thierry, and his regiment was decorated with Croix 
du Guerre with star and Croix du Guerre with palm. Returned 
to U. S. Aug. 4, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Aug. 14, 1919. 



169 



RIEGEL, Samuel Charley. (O Private. Son of John 

RicKi'l. Granaila. .Minn. 
Born <it Pleasant Prairie Tvvp., Martin County. Tan. 4. 1S96, 
and resident theicof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., .\uK. 
26. igiS. as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to i6ist 
Depot Brigade. Camp (Irant. 111., serving until discharged at that 
place Jan. 9, 1919. 



ROSEN, Gust A. (ii) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
E. F. Rosen, Perhani, Minn. 

TJorn at .\ddison. 111., March 31. 1894. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when inducted at that place ^lay 26. 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. .\. .Assigned to Headquarters Co., 364th Inf., 
91st Div.. at Camp Lewis. Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. J., .July IJ, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 21, 1918. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel. Meuse-.\rgonne and Lys-Scheldt. Re- 
turned to U. S. March 21, 1919, discharged at Camji Dodge, 
Iowa, April 18, 1919, 



RIPPEL. William. (21 Private. Son of Mr. and 

.Mr.s. Clias. Ki|ipid, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at l-'o.x Lake Twp.. Martin C"ounty, May 25. 1890. Resident 
of Jackson, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
5. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Co. .A, ist 
Bnttalinn, Infantry Replacement Troops, Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas. 
Discharged at Camp Bowie, Texas, April 22, 1919. 



ROSENBERG, Robert August, (in I Private. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Rosenber.e;, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born .\pril 15. 1894, at Martin County, Minn. Resident of Lake 
Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
.Aug. 26, 1918. as a private in infantry, N. .A. .Assigned to 15th 
Co., i6ist Depot Brigade at Camp Cirant, 111. Transferred to 
Co. 332, Motor Transport Corps at Camp Hancock. Cia. Dis- 
charged at Camp Hancock, Ga., March 15, 1919. 



ROARK, Arthur. (.1) Sergeant. Son of Robert W. 

Roark, Lafayette, Tenn. 
Born at that place Oct. 30, 1888. Married. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when inducted at Farm School, St. Paul. Minn.. 
June 15, 1918, as private in infantry, N. .A. 'IVained at Farm 
School, St Paul, assigned to Co. A, 28th Machine Gun Bn., 
loth Div.. at Camp Funston, Kansas. Transferred to Hq. Co., 
same organization. Discharged at Camp Funston, Kan., Jan. 
29, 1919. 



ROBERTS, Bennie. (4) Private First Class. Son of 

.Mr. ami .\ir.s. Nels Roberts, Granada. -Minn. 

Born at Granada, Minn., July 5, 1895, where he resided when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to 
Co. H. loth Inf.. 2nd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 11, 
1918. Engaged at Marbache. St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Argonne. 
Returned to LI. S. -Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, .\ug. 14, 1919. 



ROEBBEKE, Frederick William Henry. 1.,) Cor- 
poral. Son of Mr. and ^Irs. Chas. Roeljbeke. Slier- 
burn, Minn. 
Resident of Manyaska Twp., Martin Comity, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn.. June 15, 1918, as private in Motor Transport 
Corps. N. .A. Sent to University of Minnesota for training. 
Transferred to Camp Humphreys, Va., and assigned to Motor 
Truck Co. 552. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., March 29, 
1919- 



ROSENBERG, Wiliiam C. ( U ) Private First Class. 

Son of .Mr. and .Mrs. Henry Rosenberg, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Tenhassen Twp., Mnrtin County, Minn., Feb. 22, 1892. 
Resident of Tenhassen Twi>.. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
May 26. 1918, as private in infantry, N- A. .Assigned to Co. 
E. 122nd Inf., 81st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred 
to Co. M, i=;^th Inf., later to Co. C. 12-th Inf., 32nd Div., in 
France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., -Aug. 3. 1918. arriving 
at Brest. France. -Aug. iS, 1918. Engaged in Meuse-.\rgonne 
Offensive. Returned to LT. S. March 13, 1919. and discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, -Aiiril 3. 1919. 



ROSENWINKEL, Adolph J. (l;.>) Private. Son ot 

.Mr. and .Mrs. Herman Rosen winkel. Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Fraser Twp.. Martin County, .\nril 1, 1895. Resident 
of Fraser Twp. when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., luly 26, 1918, 
as a private in infantrv, X. A. .Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th 
Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from 
Newport News. \'a., .\ug. 29. 1918. .Arrived at Brest, France, 
Sept. 12. 1918. Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. b. 
June 26. 1919. Discharged at Camp Grant. 111.. July 3, 1919. 



ROSS, Harold Orvis. (i:i) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Dan Ross, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Pipestone, Minn., Dec. 14, 1894. Resident of Truman, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., .Aug. 5, 1918, as 
private in infantry, X. .A. .\ssigned to 6ist Recruit Bn., 1-t. 
Syracuse, X. V. Transferred to office of the Surgeon, |iort of 
embarkation, Hoboken, X. J. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
July 5, 1919. 



ROEBKE. Harvey Rayfield. (li ) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. John Roebke, Sherbnrn, .Minn. 

Born at Slierburn, Aiinn., .April 30, 1897, resided there when in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 12, 1918, as private in Motor 
Transport Corps, regular army. Trained at Indianapolis, Ind. 
in Co. I*", 2nd Battalion. Discharged Dec. 10, 1918. 



RONO, Julius B. (7) Private. Son of Mrs. Jolin 

Rono, Truman, Minn. 
Born March 21, 1S93, at AXartin County, Minn. Resident of 
Waverly Twp.. Martin County, when called to federal service 
from Xational Ciuard, -Aug. 3, 1917, at Fairmont, Alinn., as 
private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
at Camp C"ody, X. M. Discharged at Camp Cody for disability, 
Dec. ig, 1917. 



ROSS, Leo L. (14) Corporal. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Chas. W. Ross. Fairmont. Minn. 
I'.cn-n Dec. 19, 1892. at Blue Earth Co.. Minn. Resided at Am- 
boy Minn., when inducted at Mankato, Minn., as a private m 
infantry. X. .\. Assigned to Co. .A, 3S0th Inf., 88th Div., at 
Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred in France to Co. 682, Motor 
Transport Corjis. Embarked from -Newport .News, \'a., Aug. 30. 
1918. .Arrived at Brest, France. Sept. 13. 1918. Returned to 
U. S. Aug. 17, 1919. Discharged Aug. 24, 1919. at Camp Dodge. 
Iowa. 



ROSSKOPF, Irvin William. (15) Private. Son of 

-Mr. and -Mrs. J. F. Rosskopf, Fairmont, Minn. 

Horn at Galena Twp., Martin County, .Aug. 9, 1S98. Resident 

of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted in S. -A. T. C. at St. Paul. 

Minn., Oct. 14. 1918. .Assigned to Hamline University, St. 
Paul, for training. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918. 



ROSA, Harry Clarence. (S) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Geo. Rosa, Fairmont, iMinn. 
Born at Fairmont 'Iw-p., Martin County, Oct. ig, 1901, where he 
resided when he enlisted at Mankato. Minn., April 16, igi8, 
as itrivate in coast artillery corps, regular army. .Assigned to gth 
Puget Sound Co., at Ft. Casey, Wash. Transferred to Battery 
-A. 48tli Heavy .Artillery at Camp Eustis, \'a., later to Supply 
Co.. same command. I'-mbarked from Newport .News. \'a., C)ct. 
7, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. Oct. 20, igi8. Returned to 
U. S., July 15, igig, discnarged at Camp L^odge, Iowa, July 
26, 1919. 



ROTH, William. (lU) Private. Snn of Aug. Roth, 

Fairmont, Minn. 
P.nrn at Bruce. S. D., Sept. 17, 1895. Resident of Fraser Twp.. 
.Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., May 26, 191S, 
as ijrivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Machine Gun Co., 
364th Inf., 91st Div.. Camp Lewis. Wash. Embarked from Hobo- 
ken, X. L, July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 
21, 1918.' Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Severely wounded in 
right elbow, right leg, left hip and back, with shrapnel on Sept. 
\o. 191S. In hospital until Jan. 30, 1919. Returned to U. S. 
Feb. 12. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 27, 1919, 
with 85 per cent permanent disability. 



171 



ROUSE, Chester Whipple. (\) Sergeant, Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. I'red Rousu. Ceylim. Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 8, i8(jj. liniployed at Butter- 
field, Minn., wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 8, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 5lh Training 
Bn. at Camp Mac Arthur, Texas. Assigned to Army Service 
Corps, at St. Nazaire, France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. July 23, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 
111., Aug. 31, 1919. 



ROWLEY, Leonard R. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. O. G. Rowley, Granada. Minn.* 

Born at East Chain Twp.. Martin County, March 17, 1888, and 
resident of that place wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 
342nd Inf., S6th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France 
to Co. H, 55th Inf., 7th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 9, 19,18, arriving at Lellavre, France, Sept. 27, rqiS. 
Returned to U. S. June 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, June 27, 1919. 



RUBY, Peter, c^,) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Mads Rnby, Wcmb, Denmark, where he was 

born June 6, 1890. 
Resident of Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 19 19, as j)rivate in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads- 
worth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, 
arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 19 18. Engaged at Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S., June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Grant, III., July 3, 1919. 



RUNNING, Josef Emil. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Hans Running. Odin, Minn. 

Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, April 15, 1891. Married. 
Teachmg at Ottawa. 111., when inducted at that place May 12. 
1918, as private in N. A. Assigned to 37th Provisional' Co.. 
at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged about Dec. 28, 1918. 



.\ug. 28. 19 '8, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 18, 19 18. 
Engaged at Meuse-Meuse. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 13, 1919. 



SALISBURY, John Clayton. (10) Gunner First 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Salisbury. Sher- 
burn, Minn. 

Born at Morrisville, Vermont, Feb. 15, 1896. Resident of Shcr- 
burn, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., March 
9, 1918, as private in Coast Artillery, N. A. Assigned to 31st 
Co., Coast .Artillery at Ft. Warren, Mass. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., Sept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, 
Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 7, 1919, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 18, 1919. 



SALISBURY, Martin L. (in Chief Mechanic. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. James SaHsbury, Rodman, Iowa. 
Born at West Bend, Iowa, Nov. 26, 1890. Resident of Tenhas- 
sen Twp.. Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in Motor Supply Service. 
Assigned to Co. F, Motor Supply, 6th Div.. afterward Co. A, 
6th Ammunition Train, 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 7, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France, July 20, 1918. Engaged at \osges Sector and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. July 11, 1919. Discharged 
July 23, 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 



SALZMAN, Otto Gottlieb. {12) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Salzman, Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Newton, 111., March 29, 1894. Resident of Fox Lake 
Iwp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 
21, 191-. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. H. 
136th Inf., 34th Div., at tamp' Cody. N. M. Transferred in 
France to Battery B, 119th Field Artillery, 32nd Div. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. }., June 27, 191S, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, July 12, 19 18. Engaged at Soissons, Aisne-Marne, 
and Meuse-.\rgonne. Left front on account of illness Oct. 
10, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 3, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. May 16, 1919. 



RUNNING, Martin. (.5) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Han-^ Running. Odin, Minn. 

Born June 21, 1888, at Cedar Twp.. Martin County. Inducted 
Aug. 29, 1918, and sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. Physically dis- 
qualified and discharged at Camp Dodge, Sei)t. 2, 1918. 



RUSSENBERGER, William Richard. (C.) Private. 

Parents decfasud. 

Born at Sherburn, Minn., March 23, 1892. Resident of Cedar 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at I-'airmont, Minn., Feb. 
26, 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. .Sent to Cam]) i lodge 
and assigned to 163rd Depot Brigade. Transferred to Camp 
Devens, Mass., and assigned to 33rd ICngineeis. Transferred 
later to 342nd Field Artillery, 89th Div. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., June 28. 1 9 18, arriving abroad July 13, 191 8. 
Engaged at Meuse-Arttonne. Returned to U. S. in May, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Pike Arkansas, June 12, 1919. 



SAGER, Ellsworth M. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Walter Sager, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at' East Chain Twp., Martin County, Dec. 17, 1896. Resi- 
dent of Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 19:8, as private in engineers, N. A. 
Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co., at Camp Forrest, Ga. 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



SAGER. John Emerson, (s) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Walter Sager, Granada. Minn. 

Resident of East Chain Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as private in infantry. 
N. A. Assigned to llq. Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads- 
worth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News. Va., Aug. 29, 1918. 
arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 13, 19 18. Engaged at Alcuse- 
Argonne. Relumed to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Caniii 
Grant, 111.. July 3. 1919. 



SAGGAU, Henry A. C. (!)) Wagoner. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. 11. A. Saggau, CeN'lim, .Minn. 

Born at Malone, Iowa, April 2, 188S. Married, 2 children. Resi- 
dent of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 
2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Trained at University of 
Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred to Co. C, 3rd Corps Artillery 
Park, Camp Jackson, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., 



SAMUELSON, David Berthold. (J3) Private. 

Born at Torpa, Normalasa. Ostergotland, Sweden, Nov. 26, 1895. 
Resident of Slierburn, Minn., when inducted, July 26, 1918, at 
.Spencer, Iowa, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Gor- 
don, Ga., and assigned to Co. G. 5th Replacement Battalion. 
Transferred in France to 136th Transportation Corps. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Nov. 
8, and in France, Nov. 20, igi8. Returned to U. S. July 10, 
igi9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 26, 1919. 



SANSEN, Carl G. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Carl J. Sansen, P'airmont, Minn. 

Born at .Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Jan. 4. 1898. Resi- 
dent of FairiTiont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
April 2. 1918, as private, general service, regular army. Trained 
at Washington Barracks, D. C. On reaching France was assigned 
to Co. F, 307th Ammunition Train, 82nd Div. Embarked frorh 
Hoboken, N. J., June 14, 1918, arriving at Brest. France, June 
27, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Marhache and Meuse-Argonne. 
Severely gassed in .Argonnes, Oct. 28, 191S. Rated 20 j)er cent 
disabled at discharge. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 21, 1919. 



SAUCK, Carl A. (15) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. The- 
resa Sanck, P'airmont. Minn. 

Born at Fairmont Twp.. Martin County, March 15, 1889. Served 
on Mexican border 191 6-1 7 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when called to federal 
service from .\ational tiuard at that place, July 15, 191 7, as 
sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. A, 59th Inf., 
4th Div. Transferred in Germany to 4th Div., Military Police. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 19 18, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France, Oct. 26, 191S. Returned to U. S. July 31, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant , III., Au g. 6, 1919. 



SAWYER, Robert I. (ir. ) Private. Son of George 
E. Sawyer, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Burlington, Wis., Feb. 10, 1888. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917. as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 163rd Depot Brigade, 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 28th Engineers at 
Camp Dodge. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Feb. 6, 1918, 
arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Feb. 24, 19 18. With his com- 
mand he was engaged in the operation of stone quarries in the 
Gondrecourt sector. Became ill and was in various hospitals for 
nine months. Discharged for disability. Returned to U. S. 
Aug. 13, 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 22, 1919. 



173 



SAXEN, Henry Herman. ( 1 I Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Henry Saxen. Fairmont. Minn. 

Resident of Fairmont when inducted at that place Aug. 
^6, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to ^4th Machine 
Oun Training Co., at Camp Jolmson, Georgia. Discharged Feb. 
II, 191Q, at Camp Johnson, Georgia. 



SAXTON, George Robert. {-Ji Private. Son of Mrs. 

Elizabeth R. Saxton, Sherburn, Minn. 
T'.orn at ['cterson. Iowa, Aug. i, 1896. Resident of Sherburn. 
Minn., when inducted. June 25, 1918. at Fairmont, Minn., as 
private in infantry, Si. A. Assigned to Co. A, 344th Inf.. 
86th niv., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. G, 311th 
Inf., 78th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. }., Sept. 9. 1918. 
arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 22, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. May 22, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 2, 
1919. 



Feb. 26, 1918, as private in medical corps. X. A. .\ssigned to 
313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, la. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J.. .\ug. 24, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, l""ng- 
land. Sept. 4, 1918. Returned to U. .S. July 8, 1919- Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, la., July 17, 19 19. 



SCHENDEL, Leo August. (10) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Schendel, Fairmont, 
Minn. 

Horn at Mount Hope. Wis., April 10, 1S92. ^larried. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place, Sept. 21, 1917, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 3:3th Field 
Signal Uattalion, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked 
from Hoboken, X. J., Aug. 17, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
.Sept. 10, 1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. Returned to U. S., 
May 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 11, 1919. 



SCEARCY, Guy E. {?,) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mr>. Ceo. W. Scearcy, Aniboy, Minn. 

Married. Born at Jasper County, Mo., April 25, 1897. Resident 
of Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22. 
1918, as private in engineers. Sent to Camp I'orrest, Ga., and 
-assigned to r3th. Provisional Recruit Co. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge. lovva, Dec, 19 18. 



SCHAEFER, George Herman. (4) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Scbaefer, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Pleasant Piairie Twp., Martin County. March 25, 1892, 
and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 
1918, as private in infantry. .Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and 
assigned to Co. 5, i6ist Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111., Sept. 8, 1918, on account of hernia. 



SCHALL, Fred. ( :. } Private. 

Born in 1S95. Uesidcd at (iuckeen, Minn., when called to federal 
service from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as private in infan- 
try. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M. with Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div. 
Transferred at Camp Cody. Returned safely. No further record. 



SCHERER, Frank Anthony. (11) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Mary Scherer, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Chamberlain. S. D., April 28, 1895. Resident of Triumph, 
Minn., when inducted at l'"airmont, Minn., b'eb. 26. igi8, as 
lirivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 351st Inf., 88th Div., 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 48th Co.. 20th Eng. 
Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., Alay ^2, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
1-Vance, June 30, igi8. Returned to U- S., June 21, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 28, 19T9. 



SCHERER, George Valentine. (1:?) Private. Son of 

Mrs. Mar\- Scherer. W elcmic. Minn. 
Born at Chamberlain. S- D., Aug. 25, 1891. Married. Resident 
of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
26, 1918. as i>rivate in infantry, X. A. .:\ssigned to Co. M, 351st 
Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. M, 
1 :8th Inf.. 30th l^iv., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
Hoboken, X. J., May 6, 19 18, arriving at Glasgow, Scociand, 
May 24. 1918. Engaged at Vpres, Somme, and Kemmil Hill, 
(iassed Oct. 16, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 30, 19 19, 
discharged April 11, 1919. 



SCHARPF, John. (0) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Theodore Scharpf. :2'.»4 Harmon St., Brook- 
lyn, N. V. 
Born at I'.rookljii. X'. V., July 211, 1886. Served on Mexican 
border 1916-17 with Co. E. 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from Nati jual Guard at 
that place, July 15, igi". as mess sergeant in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, X. M. Trans- 
ferred to Co. A, 59th Inf. J 4tli Div., at Hainmonville, France. 
Embarktd from Hoboken. X. J., Oct. 13. 191S, arriving at Le- 
Havre, b'rance, Oct. 26. 19 18. Acted as battalion interpreter 
with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. i\ug. i, 19 19, 
-and discharged at Cam|i Dodge. Iowa, Aug. 8, igig. 



SCHEFF, Carl Albert H. (7) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. \V. Scheff. Sherl.urn, 

Minn. 
Ijorn at Sherburn, Minn., Nov. 13, 1895. Resident of Sherbvirn, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, at 
Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantry. X^. A. Assigned to Hq. 
Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, ,S. C. Embarkea 
from Newport Xews, \'a.. i\ug. 29, 19 18, arriving at IJrest, 
France, Sept. 12. 1 9 1 8. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 
3. 1919- 

SCHEFF, George Henry. (S) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. John Schefif, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, ^Nlarch 10, 1892. Em- 
ployed at Fortuna, X. D,, when enlisted at Crosby, X. D., July 
22, 19 1 7. as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to 1st N. D. 
In f. (. X ational Guard in federal service) , later Changed to Co. 
E, 164th Inf., 4rst Div. Trained at Camp Greene, X. C, and 
■Camp Mills, N. \ . Transferred to Co. E, i i6th Eiigrs.. later 
to Co. D, 107th Engrs., 32nd Div., in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J., Dec. 16, 191 7, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
Dec. 24, 19 1 7. Engaged at Aisne, Champaigne and Meuse-.\r- 
gonne. Returned to U. S. May 18, 1919, discharged June i, 
1919, at Camp Dodge, I owa. 



SCHELMESKI, Tony J. (9) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Schelnieski, Fair- 
mont, Minn. 

Born June 10, 1894, at Lamont, 111. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 



SCHIERKOLK, William Emil. (i;;i Private. Par^ 

ents deceased. 
Born -\pril 6, 1895, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., heb. 26, :9i8, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th 
Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 130th Inf., 
33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X . J., May 17, 19 1 8. arriving at Brest, France, May 26, 1918. 
Engaged in Meuse-Argonne offensive. Gassed while on outpost 
Oct. 30. 1918. Returned to V. S., Dec. 30, 1918, and discharged 
Feb. 3, 1919. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. 



SCHLEMME, Louis Fred. {14) Private. Son of 
Charles Schlemnie, Fairmont, Alinn. 

r.nrn at Will County. 111., July 16, 1899. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn.j May 6, 1918, as private 
in coast artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to Battery A, 
74th Artillery (railroad) and trained at Fts. Totten and Schuy- 
ler, X. V. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J.. Sept. 23, 1918, 
arriving at St. Xazaire, l-rance, Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S., 
Dec, 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919. 



SCHLEMME, Walter H. (l.")) Private First Class. 

Son iif Chas. Schlemnie. Fairmont, Minn. 
Horn at W'ill County, 111., Sept. 5, 1894. Married. Resident 
uf Rolling Green Twp., Mart hi County, when inducted at Fair- 
mont, !Minn.. May 26, 19 18, as private in infantry. N. A. 
Assigned to Co. D, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis. Wash. 
Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at Le^ 
Havre, France, July 21, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
Argonne and Lys- Scheldt. Returned to U. S., April 2, 19 19, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 



SCHLORFF, William Henry. (I6) Private. Son of 

Mrs. Dora Schlorff, Ceylon. Minn. 

r>oru at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, June 7, 1890. Resident 
of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 
1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery A, 333rd 
I'ield Artillery. 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, ill. Trained at 
Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., Sept. 
15, 1918. arriving at Glasgow^ Scotland, Sept. 27, 1918. Returned 
to U. S., Jan. 21, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. III., Jan. 
20, 1019. 



175 



SCHMIDT, Lester D. (l) Private First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Geo. B. Schmidt. Diinnell. Minn. 
Eorn nt Lnkc Belt Twp.. Martin County, May 31, i8g8. Resi- 
dent of Lake Fremont, Tup., Martin County, when enlisted at 
Albert Lea, Minn., July 2, 1918, as private in ordnance corps, 
N. A. Assigned to Ordnance Detachment at Camp Raritan. N. J. 
Transferred to Quartermasters Corps Detachment at Aberdeen 
Proving Grounds, Maryland. Was engaged in truck transpor- 
tation betwecTi interior cities and Atlantic seaports. Discharged 
June 3, iQiQ. 



SCHMITT, Isadore Leo. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 

an<l Mrs. W. P. Schniitt. formerly Ormsby, now 

Comfrey, ^linn. 
Born at Brown County, Minn., Jan. 9. 1889. Resident of Orms- 
by, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at FairmoTit. Minn., July 15. 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, T36th Inf., 34th Div.. at Cam]) Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to Hq. Co., 124th Field Artillery, 33rd Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, June 28, igrS, arriving in France 
about July 15. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned' to U. S., May 24, 1919. Discharged June 8, 1919. at 
Camp Grant, 111. 



port News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 
12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S., 
June 26. 19 19. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 



SCHULZ, John Henry. (9) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. August Schulz. Fairmont. Minn. 
Born Sept. 7, 1896, at Sterling, 111. Married. Resident of Fair- 
mont. Minn., when inducted at that place Oct. 25, 19 18, as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th 
Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Dec. 14, 1918. 



SCHUMACHER, Oscar Henry. (10) Private First 

Class. Son of Mrs. Henry Borchardt, Welcohie, 

Minn. 
Employed at Wheaton, Minn., when inducted at that place May 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 158th 
Inf.. 40th Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Embarked from Camp 
Mills. N. v., Aug. II. 1918, arriving at LeIIavre, France, Aug. 
27. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 16, 1919. a'l^l discharged 
April 29. 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



SCHOFIELD. George H. (?,) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Chas. Booz, WinnebaK". Minn. 
Born at Nashville Twp.. Martin County, Sei)t. 3, 1896, and 
resident thereof when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., Sept. 24. 
19 1 7, as private in cavalry, regular army. Assigned to Troop 
G. 5th Cavalry, 15th Div.. at Ft. Bliss, Texas, serving at that 
place until discharge. Transferred to veterinary corps. Dis- 
charged at I't. Bliss, June 12, 1919. 



SCHROEDEL, John P. ( 4 1 Private. Son of Mr. 

ami Mrs. Alatt SchrDedel. Sherhurn. Minn. 
Born at Hinckley. 111., Oct. 27. 1889. Resident of Fox Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 
25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to C"o. M. 351st 
Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B. 
1 19th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
Moboken, N. J., May 11, 1918. arriving at Calais, France, May 
29. igi8. Engaged at Ypres, Cambria and St. Ouentin. Wounded, 
severely, bullet through lungs, Oct. 18, 1918, while volunteering 
to bring in a wounded lieutenant from an exposed position. 
Awarded Distinguished Service Cross for capturing 5 prisoners 
and silencing two machine guns at Bellicourt. Sept. 29, 191 8. 
Also awarded Croix du Guerre and other decorations by English 
and Belgian governments. Returned to U. S., Dec. 16, 1918, 
discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Jan. 29, 1919, with permanent 
disability from wounds. 



SCHULTZ, Emil. ( -M Private. Parents deceased. 

Born at Menominee. Wis., May 14, 1893. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917. as private in infantry. Had 
served previously with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border 
1916-17. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. B, 58th Inf., 4tli 
Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving 
at LeIIavre, France, Oct. 26, 1918. Returned to U. S., Aug. i, 
19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 8, 19 19. 



SCHULTZ, Fredrick William. (6) Private. Son 

of Mr. and ilrs. John Schultz. Welcome. Minn. 
Born at Martintown. 111., Jan. 21, 1894. Resident of Welcome. 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 5. 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to 
4th Training Co., Machine Gun Training Center, Camp Hancock. 
Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919. 



SCHULTZ, William. (7) Private First Class. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. John Schultz, Welcome, Minn. 

Born April 16, 1896, at Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 

1918. Assigned to Co. D, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918. arriving 
at LeIIavre, France, July 20. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, 
Meuse-Argonne and Lys Scheldt. Returned to U. S., April 2, 

1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 



SCHULZ, Albert William. (S) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Airs. August Sclnilz. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Sterling, 111., April 2y, 1S90. Resident of Truman, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry. .\. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th 
Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadswortli, S. C. Embarked from New- 



SCHWARTZ, Gustav Julius. (11) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Jnlins Schwartz, Truman, Minn. 
Born at lilue Earth County, Minn., Aug. 29, 1894- Resident of 
Truman. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 
19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A. 364th 
Inf., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred to Co. A, same com- 
mand. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving 
at LeHavre, France, July 20. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel. 
Meuse..\rgonne and Lvs-Sclieldt. Returned to U. S., March 
u, igig. discharged at Cam|i Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 



SCOTT, Christian. (l:.'l Corporal. Son of Peter 

Scott, Fairmiint. .Minn, 
liorn Nov. 2, 1881. at Uh|icining, Mich. Married, one child. 
Resident of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
March 16 191S, as private in Ordnance Corps, regular army. 
Assigned to 71st C. A. at Ft. Strong, Mass. Embarked from 
Boston, Mass., Tulv 31. "QiS, arriving abroad Aug. 16. 1918. 
Returned to U. S., Feb. 22, 1919, and discharged March ]8, 1919- 



SCRIBNER, John E. (i:;) Private. Son of Mr. and 

.Mrs. J. M. Scnlmcr, Comstocl<, Wis. 
Born at Westford Twp.. Martin County. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place May 25, 1918, as pri\-ate 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 364th Inf. 91st Div., 
at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 18, igiS. Engaged 
at Meuse-.Xrgonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S., -April 
2, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 

SEIMS, Charles. (14) Corporal. Son of Henry 
Seims, formerly of Ceylon, now of -\lberta, Can- 
ada. 

Born in 1896. Resident of Darfur, Minn., when called to federal 
service from .National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., July 15, .1917. 
as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., and assigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Embarked in Oct^, 1918- 
Transferred in France to Co. D, 144th Inf., 3,6th Div. Returned 
to U. S. in June, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
June 16. 1919. 



SENF, Fred Henry. {!.■)) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Henry Senf, Fairmont, Minn, 
Born at Franklin County, Iowa, Nov. 18, 1893. Employed at 
Oakes, N. D., when inducted at Ellendale, N. D.. .lune 23, 
1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 1, 352nd 
Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Quebec, 
Canada, Aug. 15. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 2, 
1918, Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, June 14, 1919- 



SENNE, William Henry. (16) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Geo. Senne, Fairmont, Minn. 
Horn at Des Flames, 111., December 14, 1894. Resident of Roll- 
ing Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fair- 
mont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as private in infantry N. A. As- 
signed to Co. A, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. 
Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at South- 
ampton, England, July 19, 1918- Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
Meuse-.-\rgonne. Gassed at \ ery, F'rance, Sept. 27, 191S. l<e- 
turned to U. S., April i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, April 19, 1919. 



177 



SERLE, Esgar William. (1) First Lieutenant. Son 

of Mrs. Agnes Serle, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn. Married. Served with Co. E, 2nd 
Minn. Inf., on Mexican border 19 16- 17. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from .\ational Guard at 
that place July 15, 19 17, as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Commis- 
sioned on recommendation of regimental commander. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 19. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
Nov. 3, 1 9 18. On detached service with Disbursing Quarter- 
master at Paris, France, until May 25, 1919- Returned to U. S. 
July 13, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1919- 



SHERMAN, John C. ( 9 ) Private First Class. Son of 

.Mrs. Abbie M. Graham, Monterey, Minn. 
Born Sept. lo, 1892, at Welcome, Minn. Resident of Monterey, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
June 28. 19 1 7, at Ft. Snelling, Miim., as private in artillery. 
When federalized his command became Battery F, 151st Field 
Artillery, 42nd Div. Trained at Ft. Snelling, Minn., and Ft. 
Riley, Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 16, 191 7. 
arriving at St. Nazaire, France, (.Vt. 31, 1917. Engaged in all 
actions of the 42nd Div., among wliich were Champaigne. St. 
Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 26, 1919, 
Qischarged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May lo, 1919. 



SHAFFER, Deed Henry. ( .M Private First Class. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Shafifer, Ceylon. Minn. 
Born March 4, i8g6, at Shelby County, Iowa. Resident of 
Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25. 
19 1 8, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 353rd 
Inf., at Camp Dodge, Iowa, transferred in March, 1918, to 
Battery F. 306th F. A., 77th Div., at Camp Upton, N. V. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J.. April 24. 1918, arriving at Brest. 
France, May 2, 1918. Engaged at Eaccaral, Vesle, Oisne-Aisne, 
and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 29, 1919. dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 18, 1919. 



SHERMAN, Veder. (10) Horseshoer. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Chauncey B. Sherman, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born at Sherhurn, Minn., Nov. 27, 1887, resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 22. 1917. as pri- 
vate in infantry, after having been rejected on physical examina- 
tion in the volunteers. Sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa, and assigned 
to Co. B, 338th Machine Gun Battalion, 88th Div. Transferred 
to Camp Pike, Ark., and assigned to Co. C. 334th Machine Gun 
Bajtalion, 87th Div. Transferred to Co. D, 335th M. G. Bn., 
and again to -\uxilliary Remount at Camp Pike as horseshoer. 
Discharged Feb. 11, 1919- 



SHARP, David Charles. (3) Corporal. Son of H. C. 
Sharp. Ormsby. Minn. 

Born May 3, 1896, at Buttertield, Minn. Resident of Ormsby, 
Minn., when inducted at I'airmont, Minn., May 2, 1918, as 
Tjrivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 6th Supply Train, 
6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 14, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 26, 
1918. Engaged at Giradmer Sector and Meuse-Argonne. Arrived 
in U. S. June 22, 1919, discharged July 3, 1919. 



SHEAMAN, Joseph Franklin. (4) Private. Son of 

Samuel Sheaman. Granada, Minn. 
Born June 7, 1896. at Luzerne County. Pa. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 19 18. as 
private in infantry, X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
to Camp Hancock, Ga., and there assigned to 12th Provisional 
Machine Gun Training Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Jan. 9, 1919. 

SHEELY, LeRoy H. (5) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. B. l\ Sheely, Guckecn, ]Minn. 
Born Nov. 29. 1893, at Rose Hill, Iowa. Employed in Kossuth 
Co., Iowa, when inducted at Algona, Iowa, May 28, 19 18. as 
private in artillery, N. A. .Assigned to Battery A, 337th Field 
Artillery, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, Eng., 
Aug. 31, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 19, 1919. and discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1 9 1 9. 



SHEELY, Fred Roscoe. (fi) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. B. F. Sheely, Gnckeen. Minn. 

Born Oct. 17, 1895, at Rose Hill, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at tliat place June 25, 19 18, as private 
in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 332nd Field Artillery, 
86th Div., at Camp Grant, III., and trained at Camp Robinson, 
Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 16, 1918, arriving at 
Liverpool, Eng., Sept. 28, 1918. Seven weeks illness with pneu- 
monia. Returned to U. S. Feb. 16, 1919, and discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa. Feb. 28, 19 19. 



SHERMAN, Chauncey C. (T) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Cliaiincey B. Sherman, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born at Sherhurn. Minn., July 17, 1890. Resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 19 18, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co., 364th 
Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewig, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving abroad July 18, 1918. Engaged 
at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Vpres-Lys. Returned to U. S. 
March 31. 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 



SHERMAN, Edwin A. (8) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 

Abbie M. C.raham, Monterey, Minn. 
Born at Manyaska Twp., Martin County. Oct. 2, 1887. Resident 
of Trium|)h. Minn. Served in Battery B, ist Minn. Field 
Artillery on Mexican border 1916-17. Called to federal service 
from^ National Guard as private in artillery, June 28, 19 17, at 
Ft. Snelling, Minn. Organization changed to Battery A, 151st 
Field Artillery, 42nd Div. Transferred to Camp Mills, N. Y. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 18, 19 17, arriving at St. 
Nazaire, France, Nov. i, 1917- Engaged at Alsace-Lorraine 
front, Champaigne, Aisne-Marne offensive. St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
Argonne and all minor battles of the 42nd Div. In hospital 
three weeks for trench nephritis. Returned to U. S. April 26, 
1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 10, 1919. 



SHOEMAKER, Charles Everett. (11) Private. Son 
of Ml. and Mrs. H. J. Shoemaker, Sherburn. Minn. 
Born at Crawfordsville, Ind., Dec. 6, 1895. Resident of Sher- 
hurn, Minn., when inducted at Storm Lake, Iowa, July 25, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B. 316th Inf., 79th 
Div., at Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. 
Aug. 30. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Re- 
ceived three wounds and taken prisoner in Argonnes on Nov. 
4, 1918. Held as prisoner until Dec. 1,1918. In hospital In 
France five months and one month in U. S. as result of wounds. 
Returned to U. S. April 29. 1919. discharged May 26, 1919. 
So far as known only Martin County soldier taken prisoner. 



SHOEMAKER, Edgar Ellsworth. (12) Private. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Shoemaker. Huntley, Minn. 
Born May 11, 1888, at Mercer County, Missouri. Resident of 
Center Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., lune 25, 1918, as a private in artillery, N. A. Sent to 
Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Battery E. 332nd Field Ar- 
tillery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked 
from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Sept. 
29, 19 18, and in France a few days later. Returned to U. S. 
1-eb. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 28, 1919* 



SHORT, Walter Alvah. (K.) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

.md Mrs. A. G. Shurt, (iranada, Minn. 
Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Sept. 6, 1893. 
Resident of Granada, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Feb. 
25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 352nd Field 
Hospital Co., 31.1th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. 
Iowa. Transferred to Co. F, 5jth Eng., at Camp Custer. Mich., 
later to 25th Co., i6oth Depot Brigade, same place. Discharged 
at Camp Custer, Mich., Nov. 27, 1918. 

SHUMSKI, Joseph Valentine. (14) Private First 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Valentine Shumski, 
Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn., March 9, 
1892. Resident of Silver Lake Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, 
^linn.. Tulv 26. 1918, as private in infantry, i\. A. Assigned 
to Hr|. Co., 34th Pioneer Inf.*. Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
barked from Newport News, \'a.. Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at Brest, 
France. Sept. 12, 19 18. In Meuse-Argonne offensive and Army 
of Occupation. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919. Discharged at 
Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919- 

SIEMENS, William John. {1.5) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Siemens, Guldtield. 
Iowa. 

Born March 7. 1888, at Douglas County, S. D. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 1918. 
as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. E. 341st Inf.. 
86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Base Hospital 
at Camp Grant, 111., where he served until discharged at that 
place April 11, 1919- 



SIMMERING, Edward H. H. (16) Private. Soti of 
Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Simmering, Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martiii County, May i, 1S94, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 26th Co., 166th Depot 
Brigade, Camp Lewis, Wash., and period of service spent at that 
place. Discharged May 10, 1919. 



179 



SIMMONS, Rollo E. (l) Private. Son of Mr. and 

-Mrs. S. S. Simmons, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Fairfield, Iowa, Jan. 8, 1896. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. as 

Brivate in infantry. N, A. Assigned m Co. M, 35Tst Inf.. 88th 
'iv., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. L. i^gth inf., 
3Sth Div., at Camp Mills, X. Y. Embarked from Hohoken, N. J., 
April 24, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France, May 7. 1918. 
Engaged at Wesserling Sector and .St. Mihiel. Uecame ill with 
pnenmonia in last named operation and spent ten weeks in hos- 
jtital. Returned to U. S. April :;4, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Grant. 111., May 2, 1919. 



SIMON, Peter W. {2} Private First Class. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. Julius Simon. Fairmont, Minn, 
Eorn at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. March 24, 1896. 
Resident of Fairmont, when inducted at that place Jnne 15, 1918, 
as pri^'ate in Tank Corps, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 304th Bn., 
Tank Corps, at Camp Colt, Pa. Transferred in France to Co. 
If, Motor Transport Corps. Embarked from New York Oct. 21, 
1918. arriving at LeHavre. France, Nov. 12. 1918. Ueveloped her- 
nia in line of duty and underwent operation therefor. Returned 
to V. S. April 12, 1919. discharged at h't. Snelling, Minn.. June 
24. 1919. 



SIMPSON, Walter V. (H) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Wm. Simpson, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 6, 1893. Resident of Silver 
Lake Twn., Martin County, wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Feb. 25. 1918. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 
351st Inf., S8th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
Iloboken, X. J., .Aug. 15, 1918. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
.Sept. 6. 19 1 8. Engaged at Haute- Alsace. Returned to U. S. 
May 31, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 19 19. 



SMITH, Clarence A. ('.)) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. George Smith, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at that place July 9, 1S91. and resident thereof when 
enlisted at Mankato, Minn.. Julv 31, 1917, at Mankato, Minn., 
as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. H. 136th Inf., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Battery D, 123rd Field 
Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hohoken, N. J., June 28, 
191S. arriving at LeHavre. France. July 10, 191S. "Engaged 
at St. Mihiel and Mcuse-Argonne. Returned to tJ. S. May 24, 
igrg, discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, June 8, 1919. 



SMITH, Percy M. (10) Private First Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. George Smith. Fairmont. Minn. 

Burn at I'airmont, Minn., Oct. 26, 1891. Employed at Rochester, 
Minn., when inducted at that place June 24, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf., 86th Division, 
at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Medical Detachment 342nd 
Inf.. at Camp Grant. Transferred in France to 31 ith Sanitary 
Train, later to Cam]) Hospital No. 87, Chuerny, France. Em- 
harked from New \ urk, Sept. S. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, Sept. 28, 1918. Returned to LT. S. May 3, 1919, and 
discharged May 21, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



SMITH, William H. (n) Private First Class. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. George Smith, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn. Minn., July 29, 1S93, ^"d resided there when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E. 136th 
Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
to Battery C, 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 191 8. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
July 10, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
June 8, 1919. 



SISSON, Ralph William. (4) Cook. Son of ^Ir. 
and Mrs. l'*rank Sisson. Fairmont. Minn. 

Burn at East Chain Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 35, 19 18, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 341st Inf.. 86th Div., at 
Camp Grant, III. Transferred on account of physical disability 
to Co. .\. 6th Development Battalion, Camp Grant, 111. Ill with 
pneumonia, followed by acute arthritis and paralysis of left leg. 
Discharged for ilisability at Camp Grant, III.. Feb. 26. 1919. 



SLATER, Earl Edgar. C) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 

Carrie Slater, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born al Clranada. Minn., March 9. 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at that 
place July 15, 1917. as corporal in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 
1,36th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camt> Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
France to Co. A, 144th Inf., 36th Div., later to Co. D, same 
command. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 19 18, arriving 
at Liverpool, England, Oct. 24, 1918. Returned to U. S. .Tune 
6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 



SNOW, Earl, (i:;) Private. Son of Mrs. Lizzie 

Sii'iNv. Granada, Minn. 
Corn at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, May 5, 1807, 3ud 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 
1918, as private in engineers, .N. .\. Assigned to 13th Provisional 
Recruit Co., 2nd Battalion, Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



SOKOLOSKI, Stanley John. (\:;) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. John Sokoloski, Guckeen, Minn. 
Born at Chicago, 111., -May 5. 1894. Resident of East Chain 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 
364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred in 
France to Co. F, iioth Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., July 7. 19:8, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 13, 
1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Invalided home on account 
of illness. Returned to U. S. Feb. 28, 1919, discharged from 
general hospital at Ft. Snelling, Minn., with disability March 
28, 1919. 



SLAUGHTER, Ira Preston, ((i) Cook First Class. 

Son of Mrs. J. H. Shiugiiter, .-Vlplia, Minn. 

Resident of Cedar Twp., Martin Counc^. Minn., when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 1918, as private in mlantry, N. A. 
.\ssigned to Cooks and Bakers School, Cami) Grant, 111., later 
to Camp Mills, L. I. Discharged March 30, 1919, at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. 



SMITH, Alfred Edward. (7) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Mary Ann Smith, London, England. 
Born at London, Sept. 14, 1891. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 26, 191S, as private 
in field artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 332nd Field 
.\rtillcry, 86th Div., at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
.Sept. 31, 1918. Returned to V. S. Feb. 15, 1919, and discharged 
at Camp (irant. 111., March 12, 19:9. 



SMITH, Charles E. (S) Wagoner. Son of Mi. and 

Mr,s. Henry D. Smith, Monterey, Minn. 
Born at Douglas County. 111., March 31, 1891. Resident of 
Cedar Twp., Martin County, when called to federal service from 
National Guard at St. Paul. Minn.. July 15, 191 7, as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Supply Co.. 135th Inf., 34th Div.. at 
Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. A, 120th Inf., 30th Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre, France, Oct. 27, 1918. Accidentally shot, severe, in face 
Dec. 25, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 24, 1918, discharged 
.\pril 25, 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 



SOLVORN, Albert. (14) Private First Class. Son 

(_.f .Mr. and Mrs. O. N. Solvern, Wautoma, Wis. 
Born at Mt. Morris, Wis., Jan. 4. 1894. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at that 
place Tuly 15, 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
Co. E; 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
to Supply Co., same command, and to Provisional Supply Co. 
at American Embarkation Center in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. T.. Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
Oct. 26, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at 
Camp Cirant. 111., July 18, 1919. 



SORENSEN, Alfred, (l.ij Private. Son of Mr. and 

ilr.s. Andrew Sorensen. Delevan, Alinn. 
Born Aug. 7, 1896, at Faribault Countv. Minn. Married, two 
children. Resident of Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Tune 26. 1918, as private in in- 
fantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co... 54th Pioneer Inf.. at Camp 
Wadsw^orth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, \ a., Aug. 
29, 1918, arriving at Brest. France. Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at 
Mcuse-Argonne. Broken finger Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. March 25, 1919, discharged 'at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 
5. 1919- 



SORENSEN, Carl M. CiM) Private. Born in 1895. 

Resident of Tackson. Minn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont. .Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in 
infantry. Assigned to Co. E, :36th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. Transferred overseas in June, 1918. Returned 
safely. No further record. 



181 



SORENSEN, Franklin LeRoy. (1) Flying Cadet. 

Son ul Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Sorensen, Madelia, 
Minn. 

Born at Big Lake. ^liiin.. Dec. 27, 1893. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, July 
15, 1917. Transferred to Battery C, 2nd Field Artillery, Minne- 
sota National Guard. This unit was not called to federal service. 
Enlisted at Fairmont, ^linn., Dec. 2g, 1917, as private in Avia- 
tion Section, Signal Corps, regular army. Assigned to 820th 
Aero Squadron. Kelly Field, Texas. Trained at Arcadia, 
California, aviation field. Attending Central Officers Training 
School at Camp Pike, Arkansas, when war ended. Discharged 
Nov. 17, 1918. 

SPEIER, Kaiser, c^) Private. Parents deceased. 

Born at Martin County, Minn., Aug. 5. 1887. Employed at 
Snohomish, Wash., when inducted at Ft.- Lawton, Wash., March 
21. 1918, as a private in engineers. Sent to Ft. Leavenworth. 
Kansas, and assigned to Co. C, 31st Engineers (railroad). Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., June 6, 1918. arriving at St. Na- 
zaire, France, June 19, 1918. Admitted to hospital at Si. .\'azaire, 
France, Nov. 11, igi8, and remained under treatment until 
discharged. Had appendicitis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Re- 
turned to U. S. April I, 1919. Discharged at U. S. General 
Hospital, Ft. Bayard, N. M., Feb. 23, 1920. Degree of permanent 
disability undetermined. 

SPEIER, Stanley. (3) Second Lieutenant. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Speier, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Nov. 12, 1898. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from 
National Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infan- 
try. Assigned to Co. E, i36th*Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred to 4th Reserve Officers Training School at Camp 
Cody and commissioned. Assigned to infantry replacement train- 
ing center. Camp MacArthur. Texas, as instructor in infantry 
tactics. Discharged at that place Jan. 4, 1919. 



to U. S- April 2, 1919. discharged April 17. 1919. Contracted 
tuberculosis in service and in government hospital until his 
death, Feb. 22, 1920. Buried at East Chain. Minn. 

STALK, William. (9) Private First Class. Son of Mr. 

and Airs. Henry Stalk, Sherburn. Minn. 
Corn at Belle Plaine, Iowa, March 18. 1S95. Resident of Jay 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, ]\Iinn., July 
26, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Headquarters 
Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads worth, S. C. Embarked 
from Newport News, Va.. Aug. 29. 1918, arriving at Brest. 
France. Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
to U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
3. 1919- 

STEFANSKI, John Stanley. (10) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Stanislans Stefanski, Granada. Minn. 
Horn .\ug. 21. 1S95. at East Chain Twp.. Martin County, Minn. 
Resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 

1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. H, 136th 
Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Camp 
Cody Development Bn. account of pneumonia and empyema. In 
hospital five montlis and ten days. Transferred to Co. A, 38Sth 
Inf.. 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 

1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

STEFANSKI, Joseph. (11) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Alar tin Stefanski, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Lamont, 111., March 17, 1896. Resident of Silver 
Lake Tw;p., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn.. Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned 
to Co. II, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
to Battery D, 133rd Ileavy Field Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. 
I'-mbarked from Hoboken. N. J^ June 28, 1918, arriving at Le- 
Havre. France, July 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, and dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jiuie 8, 19 19. 



SPENCER, Michael J. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John C. Spencer. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Jan. 22. iSSS, at Rolling (Ireen Twp., Martin County, 
Minn., and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
July 16, 1918, as jtrivate in general service, Duuwoody Institute. 
Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to Casual Co. F. Heavy Tank 
Corps, for shop work at Camp Colt, Pa. Embarked from New 
York, Oct. 26, 19 1 8, arriving at Cherbourg. France. Nov. 7, 
1918. Returned to U. S., July 10, 19 19, and discharged July 
16, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 

SPERRY, Elmo G. ( :. ) Private. Son of Mrs. Alice 
Scott, Trnman, Minn. 

Born March 7, 1891. at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Employed at Forsytlie, Mont., when inducted at that place 
Nov. 2, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Lo. 
M, i6ist Inf., 41st Div. Transferred ni France to Co. M, 23rd 
Inf., 2nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Dec. 11, 1917. 
arriving at Brest, France, Dec, 27, 19 17. Engaged in attack 
on \'oux, July i, 19 18; attack on \'ouxcastille, July 18, igi8. 
Wounded severely by machine gun fire, right arm above elbow, 
July 18, 1918. In hospital until May 13, 19 19. Returned to 
U. S. Oct. 2, 1918, and discharged at Ft. DesMoines, Iowa, 
May 13, i9'9- Rated 10 per cent disability. Later awarded 
compensation for total disability. 

SPERRY, Elno B. (6) Private. Son of Mrs. Alice 
Scott, Truman, Minn. 

Born at Nasliville Twp., Martin County, Nov. 22, 1893. Resident 
of Truman. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, June 25, 1918. 
as private in infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Co. C, 343rd Inf., S6th 
Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred in France to Co. C, iiitli 
Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 12, 191S. 
arriving at LeHavre, France. Sept. 20, 1918. Engaged at Thia- 
court. Returned to U. S. April 25, igig, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, May 12, 19 19. 

ST. JOHN, Ronald. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. B. E. St. John, Jr., Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at that place Aug. 24, 1898, and resident thereof when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, July 
15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Discharged on surgeon's 
certificate of disability at Camp Cody, N. M., Uct, 27. 1917. 



STACHOWIAK, Michael L. (S) Private. Son of 

yir. and Mrs. Albert Stachowiak, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Martin County, Minn., Sept. 25, 1894, and resident 
of East Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., July 26, 19 iS, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, 
S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 19 18, ar- 
riving at Brest. France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Ar- 
gonne. Ill with pleurisy Jan. 22 to April 7, 19 ig. Returned 



STEFANSKI, Mike. (12) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Martin Stefanski, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Lamont. III.. June 28, 188S. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
^5, 1918. as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E. 
332nd Field Artillery. 86th L>iv., at Camp Grant. 111., and 
trained at Camp Robinson. Wis. Transferred in Germany to 
Co. I, 30th Inf., 3rd Div, Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 
16, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 27, 1918. Returned 
to V. S. Aug. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 
28, 1919. 

STEINER, Frank Joseph. (13) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and iMrs. Jue Steiner, Winnebago, Minn. 

Born at Jackson, Minn., March 19. 1897. Employed at Blue 
Earth, Minn., when called from National Guard to federal 
service at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
Transferred in France to 144th Inf., 36th Div., and served 
successively in Cos. A, D and Hq. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving abroad Oct. 26, 191S. Returned to 
U. S. June 6. loiQ. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 
1919. 

STELTER, Wilhelm. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Mary Fcnrich, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born Oct. 27. 1895, at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, and resi- 
dent of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
19 18, as private in infantry. iN. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th 
Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from New- 
port News, Va., Aug. 30, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
12, 1 918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
June 26. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 3, 1919. 

STENSTRUM, Myron Stanford. (15) Mechanic. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Emil V. Stenstrum, Ceylon, 

Alinn. 
Born at Watertown, S. D., June lo, 1888. Resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 338th Machine 
Gun Bn., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Ma- 
chine Gun Co., 326th Inf., 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, Ga. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 24, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
pool, England, May i, 1918. Engaged at Lagny Sector, Mar- 
bache Sector, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. Gassed in the Ar- 
gonnes Oct. 11, 1918, in hospital i month. Returned to U. S. 
i\Iarch 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 10, 1919. 

STENSTRUM, Roy W. (16) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Emil V. Stenstrum, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, May 26, 1893. 
Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Tune 15. 1918, as private in Tank Corps, N. A. Sent to Purdue 
University. Lafayette, Inf., for training. Served at Camp Colt. 
I'a.. and Camp Dix, N. J. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., Dec. 
8, 1918. 



183 



STEVENS, George L. ( l ) Chauffeur. Son of Chas. 

C. Stevens, Fairnn mt, M inn. 
Born at Poynette, Wis., May 24, 1809. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 8, 1918, aa 
private in the aviation section, signal corps, N. A. Assigned to 
^87th Aero Squadron. Clianute Field, 111. Transferred to Kelly 
Field, Texas. Discharged at Americus, Ga., March 28, 1919. 



STEWART, Warren. (;i ) Private First Class. Par- 
ents deceased. 

Born at Jay Twp., Martin Comity. May 5, iSg,^, and resident 
tliereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25. 19 18, as 
private in artillery, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and as- 
signed to Headquarters Co., 332nd Field Artillery. 86th Div. 
Trained at Camp Robinson. Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. J., Sept. IS, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Oct. 3. igi8. 
Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Grant, 
III., Feb. 28, 1919. 



STINCHFIELD, Edwin Clair, cm Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Jack Stinclilicld. Trunian, Minn. 
Horn at West ford Twp., Martin County. June 16. 1S99, and 
resident thereof when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., March 8. 1918, 
as private in Coast Artillery Corps, regular army. Assigned to 
Battery B, 72nd Kegt. C. A. C. at Ft. Williams, Maine. Em- 
barked from Montreal, Canada. Aug. 7, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
France, Sept. 1, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 29, 1919, 
discharged at Camp (.irant. 111., April 17, 1919. Re-enlisted 
in regular army. 



STOCKDILL, Donald S. ( 4 ) Private. Son of L. A. 

O. Stockdill, Triumph, Minn. 

Married. Resident of Triumph, Minn., when voluntarily in- 
ducted at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 8, 1918, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Assigned to Co. D, loth Bn., replacement troops. Camp 
MacArthur, Texas. Transferred to 22nd Co., replacement draft. 
Co. C. Inf.. Candidates School Bn. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Sept. 21, 19 18, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 
191S. Returned to U. S. April 21, 1919. and discharged May 
10, 1919. 



STORM, John Charley. (5 1 Horseshoer. Son of 

Jen^ Storm, Nakskov, Denmark, 
Born at Denmark, Sept. 25, i8gi. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. April 29, 19 18. as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 349th Inf., 88th Div., 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Camp Travis, Texas, and 
assigned to Co. D, 349th Machine Gun Ilattalion, goth Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 22, 19 iS, arriving at Brest, 
France, v\ug. 4, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U. S. July 26, 1 9 ! 9, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Aug. 3, 1919- 



STOWE, Franklin Kieth. (6) Private. Son of Mr. 

ami Mrs. K. A. Stowe, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 9, 1S92. Employed at Rochester, 
Minn., when inducted at that place March 4, 19 18, as private 
in signal corps, N. A. Assigned to Wilbur Wright Armourers 
(Aerial Machine Gun Repair) at Dayton, (Jhio. Transferred in 
France to 3rd Aerial Instruction Camp, later to iioSth Replace- 
ment Squadron. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 22. 
1918. arriving at Bordeaux, France, July 4, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. April 28, 1 9 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
JO, 1919. 



STROMBERG, Gustaf A. (9) Mechanic. Son of 
Mrs. ('.. !•'. Stroniljeri?, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 7, 1895. and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont, June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 
III. Transferred in France to Co. F. 55th Inf., 7th Div. Sent 
to hospital with spinal meningitis Dec. 23. 191 8. Still under 
treatment at time of discharge with total disability. Returned 
to U. S. April 14. 1919. discharged at Ft. Snelling. Minn., June 
6, 1919. -Vwarded total disability after discharge. 



STROMBERG, Ray F. (lo) Mess Sergeant. Parents 
deceased. 

Born at Fairmont, Mi mi.. Sept. 29. 18S6. Married. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 
21, 191 7, as private in iniantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 
136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
France to Co. F. solh Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. 
N. J., Oct. 13. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Nov. i. 191S. 
With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Aug. 8, 19 19. 



STRUBLE, Harry James. (11) Wagoner. Son of 

John Struble, Cantril, Iowa, where he was born 

Dec, 23, 1895. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place March 
II, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to 7th Mining 
Co. and trained at New Orleans and Jefferson Barracks. Trans- 
ferred in France to Battery C, 54th Heavy Field Artillery (rail- 
road) . later to Co. A, 53rd Ammunition Train, C. A. C. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, .\'. J., June 22, 191S. arriving at LeHavre, 
France, July 9, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argoinie. 
Returned to XJ. S. Jan. 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111.. 
Feb. 6, 1919. 



STRUCK, Christian Henry. (V.l) Sergeant First 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chris Struck, Fair- 
mont, Minn. 

Born at Martin County, Minn., May 14, 1893. Married. Resi- 
dent of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 21, 
1917, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 313th 
Eng.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. E, 
3r2th Engrs., 87th Div.. at Camp Pike. Ark. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. 
Sept. 14. 1918. Returned to U. S. June 25, 19 19, discharged 
at Camp Dodge. Iowa, July 3, 19 19. 



STRUCK, WiUiam C. (Li) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
A. B. Vonng, Eagle Grove, Iowa. 

Born at Aberdeen. S. D. Married, one child. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., wheii inducted at that place June 25. 1918. 
as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 3 1 ith Am- 
munition Train, 86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 24, 1918, arriving abroad Oct. 7, 1918. 
Accidentally lost sight 'of right eye in line of duty. Returned 
to U. S. Jan. 28, 19 19. Discharged June 14, 1919, with per- 
manent disability. 



STUDER, Ralph P. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. Anna 
M. Studer, Sherbiirn, Minn. 

Born at Metamora, III., Dec. i, 1893. Resident of Elm Creek 
Twp., Martin County, vvlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
25, 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 
388th Inf., 97th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 
1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



( 7 ) Private 

V. .\. Stowe, 



First 

Fair- 



STOWE, Kenneth Frederick. 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
mont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., July iS, iSgS. 

Minn., when enlisted at Mnineapolis. 

as private in Coast Artillery Corps, regular army. Assigned to 

Co. C, 2jnd Inf., and trained at Washington, D. C, and Camp 

!Morgan, N. J. Discharged at Camp Morgan, N. J., Feb. 3. 

1919. 



l*2mployed at Rochester, 
Miint., April 18, 1918 



STUM, James Gordon. (15) Private. Son of Mrs. 

^larj' H. .Stum, Li->ysville, Pa. 
Born at Loysville, Fa., Feb. 11, 1892. Resided at Welcome. 
Minn. Inducted at Bloonifield, Pa., by authority of the Martin 
County, Minn., draft board on July 24, 191S. Sent to Camp Lee, 
Va., tor training. Embarked from Newport, News, Va., Sept. 
15, 1918, arriving at Brest, i'rance, Sept. 28, 1918. Assigned 
in France lo 235th Prisoner of War Escort Co. Returned to 
V. S. Oct. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., Oct. 21, 
1919. 



STRIEMER, Bruno P. (Sj Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Henry Striemer, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Elbing. Germany. May 30, 1896. Resident of Rolling 
Clreen Twp., Martin County, wlien inducted at Fairmont, Mmn., 
May 27, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 
364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Fmbarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
luly 24, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys- 
Sch'eldt. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 



STUM, William Russell. (16) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Fllen Stum, Loysville, Pa. 
Born at Loysville, Pa.. June iS, 18SS. Employed at Eraser Twp,, 
Martin County, when inducted April 30, 1918, at i-'airmont, Minn. 
Assigned to Co. G, 145th Inf., 37th Div., at Camp Lee, \'a. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., June' 15, 191S, arriving at Brest, 
France, lune 22, 19:8. Engaged at Baccarat Sector, Meuse-Ar- 
gonne, St. Mihiel and Lys-Scheldt. Slightly gassed. Cited by 
France and Belgium for gallantry in action. Returned to U. S. 
March 27, 1919, discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 13, 1919. 



185 



STURGEON, William R. ( I) Private. Son of ^Ir. 
and Mrs. J. W. Sturgeon. Eureka, Kansas. 

Born April lo. 1887, at Audrian Co., Mo. Married. Resided 
at Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15, 
1918, as private in regular army. Assigned to University of 
Minnesota for instruction as auto mechanic. Transferred to Co. 
A, 326th Machine Gun Battalion, 84th Div., Camp Slierman, 
Oliio. Embarked from Montreal, Canada, Sept. i, 1018. ^\r- 
rived at Cherhourg, France, Oct. i, igiS. Served witli Army 
of Occupation. Returned to U. S. July 5, igig. Discharged 
July 15, 1919 at Camp Mitchell. Long Island. 



STURM, John William. (:.> ) Private. Son of John 

Sturm, Granada, Minn. 
Piorn Feh. 9, 1896, at Lone (Jrove. 111. Resident of Granada, 
^linn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Sept. 5, igi8, as 
private in infantry, .\. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and trans- 
ferred to training camp for machine gunners at Camp Hancock, 
G3. Discharged Feb. 2S, 19 ig. 



SUNDBERG, Fred. CD Private. Son of John Sund- 

berg, J*'airniont. Minn. 
F>orn at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private 
in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 344th Inf., 86th Div., 
at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Camp Grant Develojiment 
Battalion on account of phvsical imfimess for combat service. 
Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 21, 1919. 



SUTTER, Luke Jesse. (.4) Private. Son of ^Fr. 

and Mrs. Frank Sutter, i''airmont, Minn. 
Born at Pipestone. Minn., Dec. 8, 1897. Resident of Fairn'oni, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
that place July 15, 191 7. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
Co. F. 136th Inf.. 34th Div., Cami) Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
Co. D. 109th Supply Train, 34th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Oct. 17. 19 18, arriving at Southampton, England, Oct. 
23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 23, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Grant, III., July i, 19 19. 



SVOBODA, George Welsey. (5) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. ;ind Mrs. Geo. Svoboda, Jackson, Minn. 

Born at Jackson. Minn., Aug. iS, 1896. Resided at Jackson, 
when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn.. July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
Cody, N. M., and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Trans- 
ferred in F'rance to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 19 18, arriving abroad Oct. 24, igiS. 
Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Aug. 9, 1919. 



SWANSON, Claude Nimen. (G) Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Swanson, Truman, Minn. 

Born at Wcstford Twp., IMartin County, May 19, 1895. Employed 
at St. Paul, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 
19 1 8, as private in infantry X. A. Assigned to Co. E, 31 3th 
Supply Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred 
to Co. A, 313th Military Police, 88th Div.. and again to Co. F, 
313th Supply Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Transferred 
in France to Motor Transport School No. r. Embarked from. 
Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Sept. II, 1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace sector. Returned 
to U. b. July 2, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 11. 
1919. 



SWANSON, Oliver Chester. {M) Private. Son of 
^Ir. and Mrs. Andrew Swanson, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Aug. 26, 1894. Married, 
I child. Resident of Eraser Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 8, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. 
Assigned to Co. D. 13th Replacement Battalion, at Camp Mac- 
Arthur. Texas. Transferred to Development Battalion, Camp 
MacArthur. following severe illness with pneumonia. Discharged 
at CaniT MacArthur, Dec. 5, 1918. 



SWENBERG, Leonard Earnest. (10) Private First 
Class. Sitn i)f Mr. and Mrs. Einil Swenberg, Dun- 
nell. Minn. 

Born at Des Moines, Iowa, Dec. 26. 1S95. Resident of East 
Chain I'wp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 2S, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 
344th Inf.. S6tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. 
A, 318th Inf., 80th Div. Embarked from Newport News, Va., 
Sept. 8, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, Sent. 21, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-.Xrgonne. Returned to U- S. May 27, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 10, 1919. 



SWENSON, Carl J. m) Sergeant. Parents de- 
ceased. 

Born Aug. 30. 1883, at Rockford, 111. Resided at Alpha. Minn., 
when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
Minn., July 15. T917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E. 136th Inf., 34tl> Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
to the Quartermasters Corps at Large in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 
28. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Lamp 
Dodge. Iowa, July 18, 1919. 



SWENSON, Robert Axel. (V.l) Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. John Swenson, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Cliicago. 111.. March 27, 1893. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Sent. 21. 1917. as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Co. F, 159th inf., 40th Div., at Camp 
Kearney. . Calif. Transferred in France to Military Police Co.. 
-8ist Div., later to 7th .\rmy Coris Military Police. Embarked 
from Hoboken. X. J.. Aug, S. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. 
Aug. 2;, T918. Returned to V. S. June 22, 1919, discharged at 
C am|> Grant. 111.. July 5. 1919. 



SWEENEY, James Blaine, (i:;) Private. Parents 
deceased. 

Born at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County, Nov. 5, 1S89. 
Resident of Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont. Minn.. June 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. B, 321st Inf.. 86th Div., at C_amp Grant, 111. Found phys- 
ically disyualihed for overseas service and assigned to Camp 
Grant Provost Guard Co. in which he served until discharged 
at that ;>lace July 10, 1919. 



SWIFT, Charles Henry. (14) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Swift, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Alexandria, S. D., Sept. 7. 1893. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Sept, 21, 1917, as private 
in infantry. Assigned to Co. I, 136th Inf., 34.th Div., at Camp 
Cody, N. M. 1 ransf erred to Headquarters Company. 123rd 
Field Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
X. J.. June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, June 12, 1918. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
May 28, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 9, 1919. 



SWANSON, Ernest. (T) Musician. 

Born ni 1897- Resident of Blue Kartli, Minn., wdien called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 
15. ipi?) as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Codv, N. M., 
and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918. Transferred in France to 39th 
Inf.. 4th Div. Returned to U. S. in August, 1919, and discharged 
at Camp Dydge, Iowa, about Aug. 13, 19 19. 



SWANSON. Grant Oscar. (8) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. K. O. Swanson, Elmore, Minn. 
Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as jirivate in 
infntry. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. 
A, 344th Inf., 86th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
9, 191S, arriving at Cherbourg, France, Sept. 25. 1918. Trans- 
ferred Dec. 9, 1918, to Co. M, 310th Inf., 78th Div. Went to 
hospital Oct. 31, 191 8, and remained under hospital care until 
discharged. Returned to U. S. June 13, 1919. Discharged Jan. 
26, IQ20, at Whipple barracks, Arizona, with disability undeter- 
mined. 



SWIFT, Robert Dean. (15) Cook. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Richard \V. Swift, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Alexander, S. D., Aug. 22, 1889. Married. Employed 
at Zumbrota, Minn., when inducted at Camp Grant, 111., June 
2y, 1918, as iirivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 
341st Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
Oct. 4, 1918. " Returned to U. ■ S. May 30, 1919, discharged 
at Camp iJodge, Iowa, June 12, 19 19. 



SYVERSON. Severin. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Syver lSy\'erson. Monterey, Minn. 
Born at Cedar Twii., Martin County. April 18, 1894, and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 19 18. as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Company, 
54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from New- 
port News. \'a., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
12, 1 918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 
5, 1919, discharged April 21, 1919. 



isr 



^..::\ ^^^'^ri^'T^^'xry'- 






~yTr^-« y V« y y 



=3^=^^^^ 




Z-' 







00 




# 



V 



^^. 



\l. 



1 




SZUBERSKI. Joseph Mike. (1) Private. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. Steve Szuberski, Granada, Minn. 
Born Feb. 1 5, 1 894, at Rockford, III. Resident of Pleasant 
Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 

B, 333rd Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. III. Trained 
at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
17, 1918, arriving at Lellavre, France. Oct. 2, 1918. Returned 
to U. S. Jan. 3. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 19, 
1919. 

TABER, Walter Allen. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Geo. W. Taber, Granada, Minn. 

Born at New Hampton. Iowa, Sept, 12, 1893. Resident of Gran- 
ada, Minn., when inducted at Blue Earth, Minn., June 25, 1918, 
as private in infantry, ^i. A. Assigned to Co. II. 3441(1 Inf., 
86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to Co. 

C, 109th Machine Gun Battalion. 28 th Hi v. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 4, 191S, arriving at Cherbourg, France. 
Sept. 27, 1 9 18. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Hurned with 
mustard gas Nov. 2, 19 18. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Jan. Hi 19 1 9. 



1918. arri\ ing at Lellavre, France, Oct. i, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. July II, 1919, dischrged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 19, 
1919. 

TAYLOR, Leonard. (9) Corporal. Son of :\Ir. and 

Mrs. James Taylor, Banchorf. Scotland. 
Born at Strachan, Scotland, Aug. i, 1885. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted Nov. 26, 1917, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., 
as private in aviation section, signal corps, regular army. As- 
signed to i6ist Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas, Trans- 
ferred to Mineola, L. I. Embarked from New York, Jan. 31. 
1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. Feb. 16, 1918. Trained 
in England until Aug. 31, 1918. Then went to France. Re- 
turned to U. S. March 7, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, March 22, 19 19. 



TAYLOR. Lowell J, (10) Private. 

Born in 1H92, Resident of Welcome, Minn., wlicn called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred and sent overseas 
in June, 1918. No further record. 



TALLBERG, Earl Alfred. (3) Sergeant-major. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. G. A. Tallberg, Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at Chicago, 111., June 7, 1895. Previously served in Co. 
E. 2iid Inf.. Minnesota Natitmal Guard. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo.. .-\ug. 13, 1917, 
as private in aviation section, signal corps, regular army. As- 
signed to 94th Aero Squadron at Kelly l-'icld, Texas, Trained 
also at Mineola, L. 1., and Paris. France. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Oct. z-j, 191 7, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
Nov. 10, 19 1 7. Engaged from March 5, 19 18 to armistice: 
With French armies at Rheims sector, Toul Sector and Cham- 
paigne-Marnc defensive ; Aisne-Marne, St. Milnel and Mcuse- 
Argonne. Tlie 94th .Sciuadron was decorated with Croix du 
Guerre with Palrii by hVencli Army. Returned to U. S. May 
31, 19 19. discharged at Mitchell Field, L. I., June 24, 19 19. 



TANHOFF, Philip Alkire. (4) Private. 

Married. Bnrn at Sioux Rapids. Iowa, June 22. 1888. Resident of 
Fox Lake. Minn., when inducted at I-'airinunt, Minn., Sept. 5, 
igiS, as private in nifantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. H, Provi- 
sional Group No. 2, Machine Gun Training Center, Camp Han- 
cock, Ga. l^ischarged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1919. 



TANNER, Harold H. (5) Second Lieutenant. Son 

of Mr. antl Mrs. J. K. Tanner, l-'airniont, Minn., 
Born at Fairniunt, Minn., Dec. 25, 1890. Married. Served in 
Minnesota National Guard and with Co. E, 2nd Minn.. Inf., 
on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of Fairmont when 
called to federal service from National Guard at that place 
July 15. 1917, as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 
136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
4th Reserve Officers Training School at Camp Cody, N. M., 
and commissioned. Assigned to 4th Co. Recruit Replacements, 
and the staff of Commanding Officer at Camp Shelby, Miss. Dis- 
charged at tliat place Feb. 19, 19 19. 



TANNER, Roscoe W. (li) Captain. Sun of Mrs. 

Martha Tanner, Fairmont, ^linn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 17, 1893. Resident of Minne- 
apolis, Minn., when enlisted at Ft. Snelling, Minn., May 14. 
1917. as private in Reserve Officers Training School. Also 
attended second R. O. T. C. at Ft. Snelling. Commissioned 
Captain of Artillery Nov. zy , 19 17. Assigned to Bty. A, 341st 
Field Artillery, 89th Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Embarked 
from Boston, Mass., June 21, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre. I'rance, 
July 6, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Returned to \5. S. May 24, 
1919. Discharged in 1919. 



TAYLOR, George G. (7) Private. 

Born in 1897. Resided at Blue Earth, Minn., when called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 

15. '917. as private in intantry. Assigned to Co. E, J36th 

Inf., 34tli Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 109th 

Field Signal Battalion, 34111 Div. Embarked in Sept., 191S and 
served in A. E. F. No further record. 



TENHOFF, Charles Jacob. (11) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Tenhoff, Fox Lake, Minn. 

Born at Manyaska Twp.. Martin County. Jan. 30, 1894. Resident 
of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, ilinn., April 
29, 191S. as private in medical corps, national army. Sent to 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to 350th Ambulance Co., 313th 
Sanitary I rain. S8th Div. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Dec. 17, 1918. 

TENHOFF, Marland James. (12) Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. John Tenhoff, Sherbnrn, Minn. 

Born at Sherbnrn, Minn., March 25, 1894, and resident thereof 
when enlisted at Ft. Snelling, Minn., Dec. 14. 1917. as a private 
in the Ordnance Corps, regular army. Assigned to Mobile 
Ordnance Repair unit of the 4th Div. Embarked frtun Hoboken, 
N. J., May 22, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 30, 1918. 
Engaged at Aisne-Marne Offensive, St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 4, 1919, discharged Aug. 
II, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



TENHOFF, William Walter. (13) Corporal. Son of 

-Mr. and Airs. Jacob Tenhoff, Fox Lake, Minn. 
Born at Plymouth County, Iowa, Feb. 12, 1892. Married. Em- 
ployed .by the C. & N. W. Ky. as cond.uctor when enlisted at 
Mason City, Iowa, May i, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. C, 53rd Engineers (railroad) at Camp Dix, N. J. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. I.. June 9, i9>8, arriving at Brest, 
France, June 19. 19 18. Worked on French railroads in trans- 
portation corps bringing up supplies to combat troops. Returned 
to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
18, 1919. 

THEOBALD, James Frederick. (14) Corporal. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Tlieobald, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born at l-'airmont, Miini., April 14, 1895, and resident^ thereof 
\v.hen called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont. 
July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. M, 
39th Inf., 4th Div., in France.' Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 2^^, 1918. 
With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919. 
discharged August 13, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



THIEDE, Martin W. (15) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Martin B. Thiede, Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 27, 1S95, and resided there when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, July 
'5. 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Codv. N. M. Transferred in France 
to Co. A, 23rd Transportation Co., later to Co. B. 34th Trans. 
Co. and to 29th Trans. Co. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Tune 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 8, 1918. Re- 
turned to Li. S. July 12, 1 9 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, July 18, 1919- 



TAYLOR, Harry Stowe. (<sj Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. A. A. Taylor, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 27, 18S8. .Served previously 
with National Guard of Minn, and with 2nd Minn. Inf. on 
Mexica4i border in 1916-17. I'.miloyed at Rochester, Minn., when 
called to federal service from National Guard at Rochester, 
Minn., July 15, 1917. Assigned to Co. D, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Headquarters Co., same 
command. Transferred to 93rd Service Company, Army Service 
Corps, in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17, 



THIEMANN, Emil G. (16) First Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and .Mrs. Rudolph Thiemann, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at LaSalle, 111., Oct. 19, 1892. Served in Minnesota Na- 
tional Guard and with Co. E, 2nd Minn.. Inf. on Mexican border 
in 1916-17. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when called from 
National Guard to federal service at that place July 15, 1917, 
as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf^ 34th 
Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trasferred in Erance to Co. B, 
59th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. .1., Oct. 13, 1918, 
arriving at LeHavre, Erance, Oct. 26, 191S. Returned to U. S. 
.\ug. I, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .\ug. S, 1919. 



189 



THIEMANN. Ginter Eric. (1) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. aiul Airs. Riulolph Thiemann. Kairniont, Minn. 
I'lorn at LaSalle, 111., Aug. 27, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
that place July 15, 19 17. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
E. 136th inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. X. M. In hospital 
at Camp Cody, with imeiimonia and empyema, Feb. 4 to June 
:2o, 1918. Transferred in France to Co. B. 54th Inf., 4th Div. 
Embariced from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at Liver- 
pool, England. Oct. 24. 1918. With Army of Occupation. Re- 
turned to U. S. Aug. I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Aug. 8, 1919- 



THOMAS, Evan Arthur. (2) Musician. Son of :Mr. 

and Mrs. David Thomas, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., April 14, 1899, and resided when 
inducted at St. Paul, Minn.. Oct. 2, 1918, as private in S. A. 
T. C. Trained at Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn. Dis- 
charged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 12, 1918. 



THOMSEN, Ralph D. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Chris Thomsen. Fairmmit, Minn. 
Born at P.uckley. 111.. Jan. 26, 1889. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at New Ulm, Minn., Feb. 23. 1918, as 
private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery A, 339th Field 
Artillery, 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 2i, 191 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
Sept. 5, 1918. Returned to L. S. Jan. 25, 1919, discharged at 
Camp ])odge, Iowa, Feb. 5. 1919- 



TH YEN. Peter. (10) Sergeant First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Herman Tliyen, W'avcrly, S. D. 
P.orn at Waverly. S. D.. i)ec. 21. iSgi. Resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson liarracks. Mo., Nov. 26, 1917, 
in the air service, X. A. Assigned to 93rd Aero Squadron, after 
training with 15th Training Battalion and 167th Aero Squadron. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Tan. 31. 1918, arriving at Liver- 
pool. England, Feb. 16, 191 8. Trained in England until Sept. 
8, 19 1 8. Thereafter served in France. Returned to U. S. 
March n. 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April. 1919. 



THOMAS, Glenn William. (:^) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Harry Thomas, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Osgood, Indiana, Dec. 3. 1893. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18. as 
private in infantry, X. .A. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf., 88th 
Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. F, 139th Inf., 
35th Div., at Camp Mills, N. Y. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
J., .\nril 25, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, I'^ngland, May 9, 1918. 
Engaged at St. Mihiel. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 19, 19 19. 



THOMPSON, Cecil E. ( l ) Private First Class. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Thonipsr^n. I*"airmoiit, Minn. 
Born Aug. i. 1895, Whiteside Co., 111. Resident of Fairmont 
Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 21, 1 9 1 7. as private in in fan try. N. A. Assigned to Co. 
M, 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trained at 
Camp I)odge, and Cam;) Cody. Transferred to Base Hospital No. 
29, A. E. I-"., London, England. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
July 4, 1918. .\rrived Liverpool, England, Ji'ly 18, 1918. Served 
at American hospital in London. Blood poisoning in left arm 
resulted in 15 per cent disability. Patient in hospital for six 
months. Returned to U. S. Feb. 26, 1919, and discharged April 
20, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



TOBIN, John. (11) Corporal. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

J. M. Toliin. Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Mills County, Iowa, Oct. 7, 1891. Resident of Silver 
Lake Twp., Martin Conntv. when called to federal service from 
National Guard at Fairmont. Minn.. July 15. '91/. Assigned 
to Co. E, i36lh InL. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, X. M. Trans- 
ferred to Co. V, 315th Supplv Irain, 90th Div., in France. Em- 
barked from Hoboken. N. J., June 28, 191S. arriving at Liver- 
pool. England. Inly 11, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
Argonne and in Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. June 
9, 1919, discharged at Camji L.rant, 111., Jnne 17. 1919- 



TOLZMAN, Alfred. (12) Cook. 

Born in 1896. Resident of Minnesota Lake, :Minn. Served with 
Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Called to 
federal service from .\ational Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 
1917. as cook in infantrv. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., and as- 
signed to Co. E. 136th Inf. Embarked m Oct.. 1918. Trans- 
ferred to another command in France. Returned about June, 
19 iQ. No further record. 



THOMPSON, Glen James. ( .') ) Cook. Son of Mrs. 
Ella i\. Ill limp son, Truman, Minn. 

Born at West ford Twp., Martin County, Oct. 10, 1892, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
1918, as private in the Motor Transport Corps, N. A. Assigned 
to Unit 306 at Camp Hoiabirdj Maryland. Transferred to Co. 
A, Unit 329. Motor Transport Corps, at Camp Holabird. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 17, 19 19. 



TRAETOW, William Christian, (i:^) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mr.^. W'm. Traetow, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Waverly, Iowa, June 11, 1895. Resident of Tenhassen, 
Martin Conntv, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn,, Sept. 5, 1918, 
as private in 'infantrv. N. A Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and as- 
signed to 5th Co., lOist Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. Jan. 9, 1919- 



THOMPSON Palmer M. (6) Private. 

Burn ill 1S94. Resident of Windom, Minn., wlicn called to 
federal service from National Guard at rainnont, Minn.. July 
15, 1917. as a private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, ij6th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp' Cody, X. M. Transferred and sent 
overseas in June, igi8. No further record. 



TRAVIS, Charley Claud. (14) Private. Son of Or- 

ville Tra\is. Spickard, Mo. 
Born at Milgrove. Mo., l"eb. 22, 1896. Resident of C.alena Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 
1918, as private in engineers, N. .\. Assigned to 13th Provi- 
sional Recruit Co., at Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, la., Jan. 7, 1919. 



THOMSEN, Edward. (7.) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Chris Thomsen. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont. Minn., Feb., l8g6. Served with Co. E, 2nd 
Alinn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of Fairmont, 
when called to federal service from National Guard at that jilace 
on July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. On medical examination 
was found to be suffering from physical disability incurred in 
border service and discharged therefor at F'airmont, July 27, 
1917. 



TRICKER, Arthur. (l.M Sergeant. Son of William 

and Elizabeth Tricker, Woodbridge, England. 
Born at Buckingham, England, April 22. 1893. Married. Served 
two years in the English army. Resident of Monterey, Minn., 
when inducted at Camp Grant. 111.. July i, 1918. as private in 
infantry, .\. A. Assigned to Camp E.xchange Detachment at 
Camp Grant, and served in that capacity until discharged at 
that place April 15. 1919. 



THOMSEN, Leon C. (S) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Chris Thomsen, Fairmont, Minn. 

Burn at tiillman. 111., Dec. 21, 1891. Employed at Lime Springs, 
Iowa, when inducted at Cresco, Iowa, July 26, 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. \. Assigned to Co. E, 5th Infantry Replace- 
ment Regiment at Camp Gordon, Ga. Transferred in France to 
Co. C, 302nd Machine Gun Battalion, 76th Div., later to Co. 
E, 347th Machine Gun Battalion, 91st Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 14, 1918, arriving at Brest. France, Sept. 
28, 1918. Engaged at Vpres-Lys offensive. Returned to U. S. 
April 21, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 7, 1919. 



TRUE, Harry L. (\fi) Private. Son of Air. and Mrs. 

Byron L. True, Granada, Minn. 
Born lune 12, 1893, at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County. 
Kesideiit of Granada, Minn., when enlisted Dec. 11, ^1917. 
at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., as private in aviation section, Signal 
Corps. Trained at Camp Grant, 111., and Kelly I'leld, Texas, 
as a casual of the ist Brigade of Aviation. Discharged on 
surgeon's certificate of disability at Kelly Field. Texas, May 
21, 1918. 



191 



^ ^ l^i 




TRUE, John P. ( l) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

Chas. M. True, Fairmont. Mont. 
Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Dec. 7, 1896. Resident 
of Fairmont when inducted at that place Oct. 22. 1918, as private 
in engineers. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co., Camp 
Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1919- 



TSANTIOTIES. Athanasois (Tom Chantos) Known 
in the U. S. by the hitter name. Private (2) Son 
of John Tsantioties, Zaverda, Vanistsis, Greece, 

Born Zaverda, Vanistsis. Greece, Feb. 27, 1892. Resident of 
Fox Lake, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 
1918, as private in infantry, A'. A. Assigned to Co. F, 159th 
Inf.. 40th Div.. at Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred in France 
to Co. D, 126th Inf., 32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
J., Aug. 6. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 20, 1918- 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Wounded, both legs and right 
hand with shrapnel, Oct. 19, 1918. In hospital three months. 
Returned to U. S. Feb. 14, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
111., Marcli I. 1919. 

TYLER, James E. (3) Parents deceased. 
Born Aug. 13, 1892, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
signed to Co. L, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred in France to 26 1 st Jlilitary Police Co. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
land, Oct. 24, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Uodge, Iowa, July 30, 1919. 



TYLER, Lloyd John. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Tyler, Granada, Minn. 

Born at Mason City, la., Aug. 29, 1S95. Employed at Buffalo 
Center, Iowa, when enlisted at Mason City, Iowa, Jan. 14, 1918. 
as private in Coast Artillery Corps, regular army. Sent to 
Ft. Crockett, Galveston, Texas, and assigned to 75th Co. C. A. C. 
Transferred in F'rance to Battery F, 75th Art. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 5, 191S, arriving at Brest, France, Qci. 
19, 1918. Returned to V- S. March 13, 19 19, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 24, 1919. 



UTTER, Bror Adolph. (5) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Gust Utter, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born March 13, 1889 at Chicago, III. Married July 23, 1918. 
Resident when called to service, Triumph, Minn. Inducted at 
Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 19 18, as private in Coast Artillery 
Corps. Assigned to Co. A, 5th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, 
S. C. Transferred to Co. D, 3rd Corps Artillery Park. Em- 
barked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 28, 191S. Arrived at 
LeHavre, France, Sept. 18, 191S. Five weeks in hospital with 
pneumonia. Arrived in U. S. March 26, 1919. Discharged April 
15, 19191 at Camp Dodge, 

UTTER, Gustaf Walfrid. (6) Second Lieutenant. 

Sttn ot Mr. and Mrs. Gust Utter. Fairmont. Minn. 

Born Sept. 17, 1S86. at Chicago, 111. Resident of St. Paul, 
Minn., when entered service. Had previous National Guard 
service. Enlisted at Chicago, 111.. May 28, 1917, as 2nd Lt. 
in Veterinary Corps. Trained at Camp Greene, S. C, and 
Camp Mills, N. Y. Assigned to 148th Field Artillery, 41st 
Division. Transferred to ist Sanitary Train, Chepoix, France. 
Transferred to 7th F. A., 1st Div. Transferred to 6th F. A. 
1st Div. Embarked from Newport News, Va., April 6, 1918. 
Arrived at Brest, Frafice, April 14, 19 18. Engaged against the 
enemy at Cantigny. Montedidier-Noyou defensive. Soissons, St, 
Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. July 17, 1919. Dis- 
charged Aug. 5, 1919, at Camp Di,x, N. J. 



VOLTMER, William. (T) Corporal. Son of Wm. 

Voltmer, Foley, Minn. 
Born at Lowell, Iiid., .\iig. jK, 1893. Resident of Rutland Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, ^Unn., as private 
in infantry. Sent to Camp Uodge, Iowa, from there to Camp 
Cody, N. M., where he was assigned to Co. K, 136th Inf., 34th 
Div. In hospital 14 weeks. Transferred Dec. 4, 19 18, to Ft. 
Wingate, N. M. and assigned to Ordnance Co. No. 2. Discharged 
at F't. Wnigate May 7, 19:9. 

VOOSEN, Carl Lincoln. (8) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and jNIrs. Herman J. Voosen, Fairmont, 
• Minn. 

Born at Peru. 111., .\pril 14, 1896. Resident of Fraser Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25. 1918, 
as private in infantry. N. A. -Assigned to Sanitary Squad No. 
70, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. 23, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, lingland, Sept. 4, 
1918. On duty at St. Sulpice France, Aug. 10, 1918 to Sept. 
16, 1919. Returned to U. S. Sept. 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dix, N. J., Oct. 8, 1919. 



VOOSEN, Fred Christ. (9) Electrician Sergeant 
First Class. Son of Air. and Mrs. Herman J Voos- 
en, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Nov. 6, 1891, at Peru, III. Married. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 30, 191 5. as 
private in coast artillery, regular army. Assigned to I36tli Co.. 
Coast Defense, at Sandy Hook, N. J. Transferred to Enlisted 
Specialists School, at Ft. Monroe, Va. Later to Hq. Co., 3rd 
Bn., 74th Regt., railroad artillery. Embarked from Hoboken. 
X. J., ^ept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6. 
1918. Went into action at Toul Sector, Oct. 20, 1918. Engaged 
in maintaining telephone lines between Toul and liatteries at 
the front. Returned to U. S. Dec. 22, 1918. Furloughed to 
reserve, April, 1920. 

VOOSEN, Walter Herman. (10) Sergeant. Son of 

Mr. and !Mr.s. Herman J. Voosen, Fairmont, Minn. 
Resident of Fraser Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at 
Sioux City. Iowa. June 15. 1918, as private in motor transport 
corps, N. A. Assigned to Motor Supply Train No. 429 at Ames, 
Iowa, for training. Transferred to Motor Supply Train at 
Detroit. Mich., later to Co. 555. Motor Transport Corps, New 
York City. Re-enlisted in the regular army and still in the 
service, June, 1920. 

WALLERSTEDT, Carl Herman, (in Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Gust E. W'allerstedt. Des Moines, 
Iowa. 

Born at Des Moines Iowa, Nov. 21, 189S. Resident of Lake 
Fremont Iwp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., .Vpril 29. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .'\ssigned 
to 350th .\mbulance Co.. 3i.nh Sanitary Train, 88th Div.. Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 1918, 
arriving at Liverpool, England, Aug. 31, 1918. Engaged at 
Haute-.Msace sector. Returned to U. S. June 4, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 15, 1919. 

WALKER, William Christopher. (12) Sergeant. Son 

uf Mr. and .Mrs. Joshua Walker. .Mt. Olive. 111. 
Born at .Mt. Olive, 111.. .-\ug. 24, 1893. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at that place June 25. 1918. as private 
In artillery, N. A. .Assigned to Co. E. 3nth .Ammunition Train, 
86th Div., at Camp Grant, ill. Transferred in France to 269th 
Prisoner of War Escort Co. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 25. 1918, arriving at Liverpool. England. Oct. 7. 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Nov. 4, 1919. 

WATSON, Noble D. (13) First Sergeant. Son of 

Mrs. Belle Watson, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Fraser Twp,, Martin County, Nov. 11. 1882. Employed 
at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, when enlisted at Chicago, Dec. 14. 1917. 
as sergeant (train dispatcher) in signal corps, regular army. 
Assigned to Co. E, 416th Railway Telegraph Battalion at 
Chicago. Attached to 2nd Army in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. L, March 4, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux. March 
21, 1918. With troops at Chateau Thierry and slightly gassed. 
.Also served as military train dispatcher. Returned to U. S. 
.March 24, 1919, discharged at Newport News, Va.. March 28, 
1919. 

WEERTS, Arnold. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Herman Weerts, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Butler County. Iowa, Nov. 8. 1894. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when inducted at that place. Sept. 21. 1917. as 
private in infantry, N. .A. .Assigned to Co. K. 136th Inf., 34th 
Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to Camp Cody Develop- 
ment Battalion on account of physical disability due to pneu- 
monia and empyema. Discharged at Camp Cody on surgeon s 
certificate of disability Sept. 23, 1918. 

WELLCOME, Carl, (i:,) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Wellcome, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Martin County, Minn., Jan. 5, 1S91. Resided at Sher- 
burn, Minn., when inducted at F'airmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 343i"d In'-. 
86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to Co. 
K, 167th Inf.. 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken,^ N. J., 
Sept 14. 1918. arriving at Southampton, England, Sept. 21, 
1918. In hospital at Paignton, England, with influenza. Re- 
turned to U. S. April 25, 1919. discharged May 9, 1919. 



WENBERG, Clarence. (16) Cook. Son of Mr. and 

}drs. iVng.' Wenberg, Bunnell, Wmn. 
Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Dec. 9, 1893. Resi- 
dent of Dunnell, Minn., when mducted at Fairmont, June 25. 
1918. as nrivate in infantry, N. .A. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd 
Inf 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred to Develop- 
ment Battalion No. 9 at Camp Grant, 111. Discharged Dec. 31, 
1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



193 



WENDT. Emil A. (1) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs, Robert Wendt, Truman. ]Minn. 
Born in Waverly Twp., Martin County, in 1897, and resident 
thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 1918. Sent 
to Camp Grant, 111., and discharged for physical disqualifications 
p -on Sept. 8, 1918. 



WERNSMAN, Joseph Fredrick. (2) Private. Son 

I >i M V. and Mr^. I'rcd W'ernsman. Weston. III. 

Born at Fairbury. III.. Feb. 16, i8go. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 25, 1918, as private in 
infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at 
Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. E, 131st Inf., 33 rd 
Div., at Camp Logan. Texas. Fmbarkcd from Hoboken, N, J., 
May 22, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, May 30. 1918. Engaged 
at Somme. Bois-de- Forges. Chamme, Vaden Line, Albert and 
Afeuse-Argonne. Wounded in Argonnes Oct. 10. 1918. In hos- 
pital until Dec. 27. igi8. Returned to U. S. May 22, 1919. dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June i, 19 19. 



WEST. Arthur Harold. (?,) Private. Son of J. E. 

\\ est, Truman, Minn. 

Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, July 5, 1897. Em- 
ployed at Watertown, S. D. when enlisted at that place Sept. 18, 
1918, as private in S. A. T. C. Trained at University at \'er- 
million, S. D. and discharged at that place Dec. 14, 1918. 



WHITE, Frank Forrest. (4) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Mary ^I. White, Sherl^urn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn.. Jan. 9. 1805, and resided there when in- 
<lucted at Fairmont. i\!inn.. Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry, 
N. A. Sent to Camp (!rant, 111., and assigned to Co. A. Replace- 
ment and Training Center, Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged 
at Camp Dodge, fowa, !March 4, 19 19. 



WHITED, Fred. (:>) Private. Son of John E. Wlii- 

ted, Geneva, Neb. 
Born in 1888. Was employed at Ceylon, Minn. Married just 
X»rior to departure for army. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Jvut: 
2S, 1918, and sent to Camp Grant, 111., where he was assigned 
to the 86th Div. Went overseas in Sept., 1918. Returned in 
1919. Xo further record. 



WIEBE, Arthur G. (6) Ordnance Sergeant. Son of 

Mrs. Kniily W'iebe, Fairmont, Alinii. 
Born at Arlington Heights, ill., Nov. 25, 1892. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place April 6, 1918, as 
private in artillery, N. A. Trained at University of Cincinnati, 
Ohio. Transferred to Ordnance Detachment at Camp Jackson, 
S. C. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 20, 1919. 



WIERSCHKE, Herman A. (7) Private. Son of Er- 
nest W'ierschUe. Napoleon, N. D. 

Born at Brown County, Wis., ]May 10, 18S0. Resident of Lake- 
field, Minn., wlien called to federal service from National Guard 
at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. ^s private ni infantry. As- 
signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
Transferred to Supply Company, same command. Transferred 
in France to Co. D. i8th Inf., 1st Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 16, 1918. 
Engaged at St. Miliiel and Meuse-Argonne. Shrapnel wound 
left hand Oct. 10, 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919. 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919- 



WILKINSON, Earl B. ( s ) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 

Stella Wilkinson, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Oct. 



at v\ est I or u 1 wp., ^\iarini »_ouniy, wci. ^^, loyo. Resident 
thereof when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., June 5, 1918, aa 



tnereor wiien eniisrea at .\ioert i-ea, iviinn., june 5, 1910, aa 
private in <Juartermaster Coips, regular army. Sent to Jefferson 
Barracks, Mo., for assignment. Assigned to Reclamation Depot 
at Camp Meade, Maryland. Transferred to 6th Co., Q, M. C. at 
Camp Meigs, Wash., later to 335th Mobile Laundry Unit, Camp 
Meigs, and Camp Stewart. Discharged at A'ational Soldiers 
Home, Hampton, Va., April 8, i9i9' 



WILLETTE, Claude O. (0) Private. Son of Mr. and 

:\lrs. David W'ilk-tte, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Nov. 24, 1894. 
Married. Resided at Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted Sept. 18, 
19 1 S. Sent to Dun woody Institute, ^linneapolis, for training, 
but discharged on account of physical disqualification. 



WILLETTE, David Orville. (lO) Sergeant. Son oi 
Mr. and Mrs. David Willette, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Pleasant Prairie 1 wp., Martin County, May 2, 1 8q6. 
Resident of Fairmont, when enlisted at Camp Grant, 111.. Oct. 
I. 1917, as private in the quartermaster corps, N. A., for truck 
driver. Assigned to Motor Truck Co. 345, at Camp Grant, 111. 
Transferred to Motor Transport Co. 743 at same station. In 
service for entire enlistment at Camp Grant, 111. Discharged 
at that place ^lay 3, 1919. 



WILLETTE. John Vincent. Ill) Master Electrician. 

Srin i.f Mr. and Mrs. David Willette, l-'airmont. 

Minn. 
Born at l-'airmunt, Minn., antl resident thereof when enlisted 
at Albert Lea, Minn., Aug. 27, 1917, as private in Aviation 
.Section, Sipnal t orps, regular army. Assigned to 126th Aero 
Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas. Transferred to Balloon Division, 
Air Service, at Ft. Omaha, Neb. Assigned later to i8th Balloon 
Co. at same place. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Oct. 
20. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 3, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. May 3. 1919, discharged May 20, 1919. 



WILLMERT. Orthwin Rudolph. (12) Corporal. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. \V. F. Willniert, Blue Earth, 
Minn. 

Born at Faribault County. Mitni.. Nov. 14, iSoS- Resident of 
Blue Farth, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
Guard at l-'airmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf..' 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. 
Transferred in France to Co. I. 39th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken. X. J., in Oct., 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
Ind, Oct. 24, 1918. Returned to V. S. Aug. 6, 1919, discharged 
at Caniji Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 



WINKLEMAN, Herman John. (i::i Private. Son 
of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Winklenian, Ormsby. 
^linn. 
Born Oct. 13. 1803, at Hanover, Germany. Resident of Ormsby, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 1917- as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. H, 136th Inf., 34th 
Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Supply 
Co., 123rd Field .\rtillery. 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 10, 
1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to 
U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 
1919. 



WINN, Lon Harrison. (14) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 

Amanda Winn. Kansas City, Kansas. 
Born inly 21. 1893. at Linwood, Kansas. Resident of Granada. 
Minn..' when called to federal service from National Guard at 
Fairmont, Minn., luly 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th int., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
ferred in iM-ance to Batterv E. 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arrivmg at 
Liverpool. England. July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919. discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919- 



WINZENBURG. Charles Peabody. (15) Sergeant. 

Son (it ALrs. Mande II. \VinzcnI)ur,i]^, C^.ranada, 
Minn. 

Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Jan. 22, 1894. Resi- 
dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
July 12, 19 1 7. as private in medical corps, regular army. Trained 
at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. Assigned to Camp Hospital 
No. 33 at Brest, France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Dec. 3, 191 7, arriving at Brest, Dec. 19. 1917- Engaged at 
Verdun sector March 15, 1918. Was first man drawn in Martin 
County selective draft but had already enlisted. Returned to 
U. S. Feb. 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., March 13, 
1919. 

WITT, WiUiam Christ. (IG) Saddler. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. WiUiam F. Witt, Trunian. Minn. 

Born at Galena Twp.. Martin County, July 17. 1893. Resident 
of Truman. Minn., when enlisted at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Dec. 
5, 19 1 7, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
E. 338th Field .\rtillerv. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Trans- 
ferred to Co. M, 326th Inf., 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, 
Georgia. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 28, 1918. ar- 
riving at Liverpool. England, May 2, igiS. Engaged at Soissons, 
St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Severely wounded left leg 
and permanently disabled by machine gun fire. Returned to 
U. S. March 13, 19 19, disc'haiged at Ft. Sheridan, 111., Aug. 
2, 1919. 



195 



WOHLHUETER, Earl M. (l) Corporal. Son of 
Mr. and Airs. Kred Wohlhiietcr, Kaimiont, Minn. 
Born April 3, 1896, at Oldham, S. D. Resident of that place 
when inducted at DeSmet, S. D., May 25, 1918, as private in 
infantry. Assigned to Co. L, 361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp 
Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918. ar- 
riving at LeHavre. France, July 19. 19 18. Kngaged at St. 
Mihiel, Meuse-Arognne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. 
May 3, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 3, 1919- 

WOHLHUETER, Merle H. (2) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Wohlluieter, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born April 3, 1896. at Oldham, S. D. Resident of Oldham, S. D.. 
when inducted at De Smet, S. D., Oct. 4. 1917. as private in 
Field Artillery. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 341st Field Artillery, 
89th Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Transferred to Hfj. Co.. 
i8th Field Artillery. 3'rd Div.. at Polch, Germany. Embarked 
from Boston, Mass.. June 21, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, 
July 8, 19 1 8. With American Expeditionary Forces and Army 
of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 20, 1919. Discharged 
Aug. 26, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 

WOHLHUTER, Arthur Herman. (::) Wagoner, 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. Philip Wohlhuter, Welcome, 
Minn. 

Born at Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, Nov. 1, 1891, and resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, 
as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 339th Inf.. 
88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 334th Machine 
Gun Co., 87th Div., at Camp Pike, Arkansas. Later to 335th 
Co. and Headquarters Machine Gun Co., 87th Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, 
England, Sept. 5. 1918. Returned to U. S. March 7, 1919, dis- 
cliarged March 22, 1919. 

WOHLHUTER, Frederic August. (4) Private, Sun 
of i\Ir. and Mrs. Philip Wohlhuter. Welcome, 
Minn. 

P>orn at Fox Lake Twp., Maitin County, May 2,^, 1895, and resi- 
dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Aug. 26. 
1918, as private in infantry. N. A., and sent to Camp Grant, 
111. Transferred to Machine Gun Training Center at Camp 
Hancock, Ga. Discharged Jan. 9, 1919. 



WOODKE, Arthur William. (9) Private. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. Wm. K. Woodke, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born Oct, 7, 1890, at Sac County, Iowa. Resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 19 18, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 5, i6ist Depot 
Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
March 22, 1919. 



WOOLEY, Wayne W. (HO Captain. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Garrett F. Wooley, Bufifalo, Minn. 
Married, one child. Born at Edgeley, N. D., June 13, 1892. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted as ist Lieutenant 
in the Dental Corps, Officers Reserve Corps, Aug. 18, 1917- 
Assigned to 34th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to Medi- 
cal Officers Training Camp. Ft. Oglethorpe, Cia. ; to Base Hos- 
pital No. Ill, 6th Div., Recy sur Ource. France; to Evacuation 
Hospital No. ig, Trier. Germany; and to 8th Infantry, with 
American forces at Coblenz, Germany. Embarked from New 
York. Nov. 11, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 22, 1918. 
Still in service Oct. i, 1920. 



WRIGHT, Daniel. (11) Private. Son of Daniel 
Wright, Fairmont, Minn. 

Horn at Mornsby. 111., July 13, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Alankato, Minn., May 25, 191 8, as 
private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 34.th Engineers 
at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. 16, 1918, arriving abroad about Sept. i, 1918. Re- 
turned to U. S. Sept. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Sept. 27. 1919- .^^ 



YATES, Ed. (12) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
E. L. Vates, Farmer City, 111. 

Born at Farmer City, 111.. Jan. 26, 1893. Married, one child. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 3iitli 
Ammunition Train, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. III. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 26. 1918, arriving at Brest. France. 
Oct. 6. 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 29, 1919. discharged at 
Camp (irant. 111., Feb. 9, 19 19. 



WOHLRABE, George William. (.V) Private. Sou 

<'f Mr. and ^Irs. Geo. W. Wolilrabc. Fairmont. 

Minn. 
Born May 28, 1894, at Watonwan County, Minn. Employed in 
Pleasant Mounds Twp., Blue Earth County, Minn., wlien in- 
ducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infan- 
try, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 344th Inf.. 86th Div., Camp 
Grant, III. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 19 18, 
arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 1918. Uetunied to \J. S. 
July 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 16, 1919. 

WOLFORD, Sidney Alonzo. ((.) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Martin VVolford, Sherburn. Minn. 
Born at Pelican Rapids. Mmn., Nov. 23, 1893. Resident of Sher- 
burn. Minn., when entered service. Served previous to World 
War in Co. D, ist Minn. Inf., National Guard. Entered service in 
July, 1917, as member of Co. D, 1st Mimi. Inf., N. G. Transfer- 
red to Co. A, 37th Inf., i2th Div. at San Antonio, Texas. Trans- 
ferred to Headquarters Co., 2Sth Inf., ist Div., at Mc Allen, 
Texas. Was in first convoy of American troops overseas, leaving 
Hoboken, N. J., June 12, 19 17 and arriving at St. Nazaire. 
France, June 26, 19 1 7. Engaged at Cantigney ( first place cap- 
tured by Americans alone) Soissons, and Meuse-Argonne. Evac- 
uated on account of illness Sept. 30. 1918. In hospital two 
months. Returned to U. S. Dec. 19, 19 18, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 5. 1919. 

WOLFORD, William Godfrey. 17) Private. Son of 

Mr. and Airs. Isaac W'olford. Mabel, Minn. 
Born at Fillmore County, Minn., May 8, 1S85. Married. Resi- 
dent of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 17, 1914, in coast 
artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to 146th C. A. C. 
Served at Ft. Adams, R. I., Ft. H. G. Wright, and on Mexican 
border. Command acted as infantry on Mexican border 1916-17. 
Later became Battery A, 7th Heavy Artillery and was changed 
in France to Battery A, 52nd Artillery. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J.. Aug. 18, 191 7, arriving abroad Sept. 2. 191 7. 
Engaged at i'oul sector. Gassed June 23, 1918, in hospital as a 
result until March 26, 1919. Invalided to the U. S. Jan. 5, 1919, 
and discharged at Cam]) Doflge. Iowa, March 26, 1919. 

WOLTER, Harry. (S) Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. W. H. Wolter, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. March 4, 1S95, ^"d 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 
191 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D. 56th 
Pioneer Inf.. at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Ho- 
lioken. N. J.. Sept. 4. 1918. arriving abroad Sept. 13, 1918. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 29, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 8, 1919. 



YSTENES, Nicholai Julius, (i::) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Nels V stones, Blair, Wis., 
Born at Blair, Wis., April 2, 1891. Resident of Cedar Twp., 
jMartin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 
1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 
119th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
Alay 27. 1918. Engaged at "V pres, \'oormezecle, Bellicourt Fre- 
mont and Busigny. Eseaufourt-St. Benin-St. Souplet, Ribeau- 
vill-Mazinghien. Slightly wounded in head by machine gun bullet 
Oct. 17, 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919. discharged 
April 12, 1919. 



YSTENES, Selmer. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrh. W-ls Vbtenes. Blair. Wis. 

Born at Blair, Wis., Jan. 7. 1889. Resident of Cedar Twp., 
Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 17, 1918, 
as private in aviation, N. A. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C, 
and Garden City, L. I. Assigned to i6th Aero Construction Co. 
Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 8, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
pool, England. Aug. 20. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 14, 1919, 
discharged May 2, 1919. 



ZACHARIASON, Andrew Emil. (1.5) Private. Also 
known as Andrew E. Rierson. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. S. O, Zachariason, Elmore, Minn. 
Boin at Hamilton County, Iowa, June 26, 189 1. Resident of 
East Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at F'airmont, 
Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to 
Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. G, 343rd Inf., 86th Div. 
Transferred overseas to Co. M, 109th Inf., 2Sth Div. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918. arriving abroad Sept. 21, 

1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 12, 

1919, discharged May 22, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



ZABOROSKI, Frank. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Airs. John Zaboroski, Fairmont, Minn. 
Burn at Lemont, 111., Jan. 11. 1889. Resident of East Chain 
Twi)., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 344th 
Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred in France to 
Co. F, 109th Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. 
Sept. 19. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. 29, 19 18. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 3, 19 19, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 19^ i9i9- 



197 




ZABOROSKI, Michael, (l) Private. Son of Mr. 

and M r^. ji.lin Z.ihoroski. Fairmont, Minn. 
T^urn at Leinont, 111.. Sept. ii, 1S90. Resident of Fairmont.. 
Minn., when inducted at that place July 24. 1918, as private 
in the medical corps, N. A. Assigned to Base Hospital No. 56. 
at Camp Wadsworth, S- C. Transferred in France siiccessivelv 
to Evacuation Hospital No. 19. Base Hospitals Nos. 119 and 88. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 3, 1918, arriving at Brest* 
France, Sept. 17, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
to U. S. April 29, 1919, discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., May 
5. 1919- 



ZEASKE, Karl George. (2) Private. Son of Mrs. 
Stclhi Zcaske. LaSalle, 111. 

Born at LaSalle. 111., July 25, 1SS6. Worked several years 
in Martin County, and registered here t)ut inducted at LaSalle. 
111.. April !8, 191S. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. M, 
i^?9th Inf.. 35th I!)iv. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. May i, 
1 9 1 8, arriving abroad May 15. Engaged at St. Miliiel and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 23, 19 19, discharged 
at Camp Grant, 111., May 2, 1919. 



ZEHM, Roy D. CJ) Corporal. Son of Mrs. Enielie 
Zehm. Granada, Minn. 

Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County. June 12. 1S96. Resi- 
dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn.^ 
Dec. 12, 1917, as piivate in aviation section of the signal corps, 
regular army. Assigned to S^otli Aero Squadron at Kelly 
Field. Texas. Transferred to Aero Squadron 1). as chauffeur. 
()n duty at Sel fridge Field. Mt. Clemens. Mich. Dischartred 
Dec. 20, 19 1 8. Accidentally killed at Mason City, Iowa. April 
16, 1919. 



ZELKER, George. (-1) Wagoner. Parents deceased, 
r.orn at Starfeldt, Germany, Oct. 17, 1893. Resident of Triumph, 
.Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 4, 1917. as 
private in infantry, 1st Minn. Inf., which was called to federal 
service July 15, 1917. as 135th Inf., 34th Div. Trained at Camp 
Cody, \. M. Assigned to Supply Co. of 135th Inf. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng., 
Oct. 25. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, ^\pril 12, 19 19. 



ZIESKE, Victor William, c ) Sergeant First Class, 
Medical. Son of I'V'-hI Zieske. Sleepy Eye. Minn. 
Married. Born at Nicollet County, Minn.. Sept. 26, 1890. 
Resident of h'airmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
l""eb. 25, 191S, as i)rivate in medical corps, N. A. Sent to Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to Field Hospital No. 352, 313th 
Sanitary Train, 8Sth Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
.\ug. 17, 1918, arriving abroad .\ug. 31, 1918. Engaged at Ilaute- 
Alsaqe. Returned to V. S. July 2, 1919, discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. July 1 1, 1919. 



ZOELLER, Charley Fred. ((>) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. John Zoeller, Granada, Minn. 

Resident of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
i'airmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. 
Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned \o Battery E, 332nd 
i'ield Artillery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. 
Keturned to Camp Grant, Oct. 15, 1918, as physica'ly disqualified 
for overseas service. Assigned to Camp Grant Development 
Battalion and discharged at that place Jan. 2, 1919. 



ZOELLER, John Henry. (7) Private First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Zoeller, Granada, ^hnn. 

Born at Baltimore, Maryland. May 16, 1893. Resident of 
I'leasant Prairie Twp., Martin Count>^, when inducted at Fair- 
munt, Minn., April 29, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. 
Assigned to Co. E, 313th Supply Train, 88th Div,, Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. Transferred to Medical Detachment at Base Hospital 
No. 26, Ft. Des Moines, Iowa, and served there until discharged, 
Oct. 21, 1919. 



ZOELLER, William Albert. (8j Private. Son of 
Air. and Mrs. John Zoeller, Granada, Minn. 

Born Jan. 26, 1897. at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. Res- 
ident of Pleasant Prairie Twp., JMartin County, when inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. 
Sent to Camp Forrest. Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional 
Recruit Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1919. 



198 



Practically complete data has been compiled on the serxice of the following 

jq soldiers from Martin county but photographs were not 

receix'ed in time for publication. 



ADAMS, Lee. Private. Son of Mr. and .Mrs. 

Frank M. Adams, Winnebago, Minn. 
Vifiyn at Nashville Twp.. Martin County, in 1807. Resident of 
that place when enlisted in S. A. T. C. at Minneapolis, Minn., 
-Vug. 14, 1918. .Assigned to School of Agriculture at Minneapolis, 
^linn. for training. Discharged Dec, 1918. 



C.A.REY, Herbert Leonard. Son of John Carev, Bry- 
ant, S. D. 
Horn in 1897. Home was at Bryant. S. D. Employed at Fairmont 
and inducted at that place Au<i. 15, 1918, as private, general 
service. Sent to the University of Minnesota for training. 
Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 18, 19 19. 



ALBERT Ernest L. Private. Parents deceased. 
Born at Mankato. Minn., Nov. 7, 18S8. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 25, 19 18, as private 
in Medical Corps. N. A. Assigned to Base Hospital at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Transferred to Red Cross Base Hospital No. 8 in 
France and later to Military Ease Hospitals Nos. 8 and 28S. 
Embarked from Ilohoken. X. J., Sept. 16. 19 iS, arriving at 
LeHavre, France, (!)ct. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 23. 
19 19, and discharged July 30, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



ANDERSON, Eskil Andrew. Private. Parents re- 
side at Tiden. Sweden, where he was born June 

Resident of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
June 25, 1918. as private in artillery, X. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 
Til., and assigned to Battery A. 331st Field Artillery. 86th Div. 
Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Iloboken, 
N. J., Sept. 17, 1918. arriving abroad Sept. 30. iqiS. Returntd 
to U. -S. Feb. 4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, l'"cb. 
18, 1919. 

ANDERSON, Eskil Eric. Private. Son of .\ndrew 
Anderson, Skcfda, Sweden, where he was l)orn 
June 12, 189.3. 

Resident of Cedar Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25. rgiS, as private in artillery. X. A. 
.Assigned to Battery K, 331st Field Artillery at Camp Grant. lU., 
trained at Camp Robinson. Wis. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., 
j\ug. 15. 1918, arriving at T.,eIIavre. France, .Sept. 5. 1918. Re- 
turned to tJ. S. Jan. 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Feb. 16. 1919. 



ANDERSON, Jens C. C. Private First Class. Son 

of Mrs. Marinana Anderson. Gistrup, Denmark, 
where he was born April 26. 1S8S. 

Resident of Granada. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 25, 19 18. as private in artillery. Assigned to Battery D, 
332nd F'ield Artillery, 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at 
Camp Robinson, Wis., and embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 16, igi8. arriving at T-iverpool. England. Sept. 29, igiS. 
Returned to U. S. Feb. 16, 19 19, discharged at Camp Grant, 
111., Feb. 28, 1919- 



BAGLEY, Carl Erwin. Aviation Mechanic. Son ot 

Mrs. C. E. Bagley. Welcome, Alinn. 
Born July 28, 1886, at Waukon, Wis. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., March 14. 191 8, as 
mechanic in aviation, regular army. Assigned to 243rd Aero 
Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas. Transferred to Detachment ro6, 
Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La. Promoted sergeant, sergeant 
ist class and aviation mechanic. Discharged Jan. 27, 1919. 



BASSETT, Jay P. Battalion Sergeant Major. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Bassett, Danbury, Wis. 
Born Feb. 8, 1896. at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
May 8, 1917, as private in infantry, regular army. Assigned to 
Co. E, 7th Inf., 3rd Div., at Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to 
Co. E, 6oth Inf., 5th Div., at Gettysburg, Pa. lunbarked from 
Hoboken, X. J., Feb. 16, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
March 20, igi8. Engaged at St. Mibiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
Cited for gallantry in action at St. Mihiel, Sept. 16-17, iqi8, 
G. O. No. II, Hq. 9th Inf. Brig., for leading a company relief 
under fire. Discharged at Esch, Luxemberg, June 26. 1919, 
and returned to U. S. Tuly 20, 1919. Re-enlisted and assigned 
to Hq. Co., 60th Inf. 



BENWAY, Frank Anton. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John M. Benwa}', Strawn. III. 
Born at Sibley. 111.. Oct. 9, 1899. Resident of Sherburn. Minn., 
when enlisted at L'rbana. 111., Oct. 10, 1918, as private in 7th 
Co., S. A. T. C. at Urbana, 111. Discharged Dec. 21, 1918. 



COMSTOCK, Vernon L. Private. Son of D. G. 

Comslock, I'airniiinl. Minn. 

Born at Silver Lake Twp., ^Martin County, May 24, 1S96. In- 
ductt d at Clarion. Iowa. Aug. 30, 191 8. Sent to Camp Dorlge, 
Iowa, and discharged on account of defective vision .Sept. 2, 1918. 



CORBIN. Murray. Private. Son of Mr. and Mi;,s. 
Ivdwin Corbin, llaHtax. Nova Scotia, where he 
was born Aug. 19. 1891. 

Resident of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at hairnifint. Minn., 
Feb. 25. 1918, as private in medical corps, N. .\. Assigned to 
duty at Base Hosjiital, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred at that 
place to Medical Replacement Unit No. i. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, X. J., Sept. 5. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 
20, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 31, 19191 discharged at Camp 
Grant, ill., Aug. 7, 1919. 



COTTON, Harold Franklin. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. !•'. R. Cotton, Pairniont, Minn. 
Burn at Xicollct, Minn.. Aug. 14, 1894. Resident of Mankato. 
Minn., whfn inducted at that place Aug. 30, 1918. as private in 
infantry. Assigned to Medical Detachment. 8Rth Inf.. iqth Div., 
;tt Camp Dodge, Iowa, and served at that place until discharged 
Jan. 27, 1919. 



DIEKMAN, Henry. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 

I). J''. Dukman, Wek-omc, Alinn. 
21 years of age wlien inducted. Born at Lake Belt Twp., Mar- 
tin County, where he resided when inducted at l*'airmont. Minn., 
April 29, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, where 
he was discharged for jiliysical disqualifications on June 8, 1918. 



DRAGER, Roy William. Wagoner. Son of Air. 

and Mrs. Otto Drager, Alpha, Minn. 
Born Oct. 31. 1895, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Alpha. Minn., 
whtn inducted at l-'airmont, Minn.. June 25. 1918, as private in 
infantry. X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. 
I. 341st Inf.. 86th Div. Transferred to Supply Co., 312th Inf., 
78th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., Sept. 9. 1918, ar- 
riving abroad Sept. 22, 19 18. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U^. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa. June 2. 1919. 



DOWNEY, John Cornelius. Private. Son of Air. 
and Airs. Con Downey. Austin, Alinn. 

Born at LaCrosse, Wis., Feb. 8. 1886. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, .Minn.. July 22, 1918, as 
private in artillery, X. A. Assigned to Battery A, 5th Trench 
Artillery, at Ft. Hancock, N. V. Embarked trom Hoboken, 
X- J., Sept. 20, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 29, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Jan. 11, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Feb. i, 19 19. 



DOWNEY, Samuel Vance. Sergeant Q. M. C. Son 
uf Capt. A. Duwney. stli Cav.. U. S. .\.. who was 
killed by Indians in Arizona. 1883. 
Born Oct. 23, 1878. at Washington Co.. Indiana. Mother also 
deceased. Served in Spanisli- American war in Cuba with Co. 
F, 49th Iowa. Enlisted in 4th U. S. Field Artillery in 1901, 
and served 4 years. In Mexican border service 1916-17 with 
t.o. F. isi Iowa mt. Kesideni 01 Ceylon, Minn., when enlisted 
at Davenport, Iowa, Feb. 21, 1917. as private in Quartermaster 
Corps, regular army. Assigned to Q. M. depot at Jefferson Bar- 
racks. Mo., and Served at that place until discharged at that 
place Oct. 21, 1919- 



199 



ELLWORTH. Leo John. Corporal. Son of Mrs. 

Aug. Biickholz, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Kaukauna, Wis., June 6. 1891. Served one enlistment 
in 29th U. S. Inf. Employed at Anaconda, Mont., when inducted 
at that place April 26. 19 18. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., and 
assigned to Co. D, 348th Machine Gun Battalion. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., July 5, igi8, arriving at Liverpool, July 
17, 1918. In various hospitals for several months. Returned 
to TJ. S. May 26, 1919, discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., June 
10, 1919. Disabled as a result of service. 



HOKANSON, Wilhelm. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs., Sam Ilokanson, Sweden. 

Born in Sweden, Dec. 8, 1890. Resident of Monterey, Minn., 
when inducted June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A., 
at Fairmont, Minn. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned 
to Battery IJ 332nd Field .Artillery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp 
Robinson. Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 16, igi8, 
arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 29, 19 18, reaching I'rance, 
Oct. 2, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919, discharged at 
Lamp Grant, 111., Feb. 28. 1919. 



EWEN, Elmer Jansen. Private. Son of Mrs. Wm. 
Manninger, El Paso, 111. 

Born at Benson, 111., Feb. 7, 1896. Inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., June 25, 1918 as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to 
Camp Grant. III., and assigned to Co. C, 3:1th Engineers. Trans- 
ferred to I2th Co., Development Battalion No. 3, at Camp Logan, 
'lexas. Discharged Dec, 19 iS. 

FABER, Pier Charles. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Cornelius Fabcr, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Feb. 9, 1895. Employed at Jackson, 
Mmn., when inducted at that place June 24, 1918, as private 
in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 344th Inf., 86th Div.. 
at Camp Grant. 111. Chest badly crushed in an accident during 
training. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 3, 1918. 



HOWARD, Marshall I. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. M. C. Howard. Slierburn, Minn. 
Born 1899. Resident of Sherburn. Minn., when inducted Oct. 
11. 1918, in S. A. T. C. Sent to University of Minnesota for 
training. Discharged Dec, 1918. 



HUDSON. Albert Herbert. Private. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Thomas Hudson, Triumph. Minn. 

Born at Grant Park, 111., Dec. 8, 1893. Resident of Triumph, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
Infantry, at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport 
News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 

19 18. Enga^ied at Meuse-.Vrgonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 

1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 3, 1919. 



FALLERT, Robert P. Private. Parents deceased. 
Born at Peoria. III., Oct. 15, 1897- Emploved by H. D. Smith. 
Cedar Iwp., Martin County, when enlisted at Ft. Dodge, Iowa, 
April II. 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to 23rd 
Co. of Engineers at Ft. Meyers, Va., transferred to Co. L. 
Replacement Engineers, at Washington Barracks, D. C. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 25, 1918, arriving abroad 
Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 27, 1919, discharged at 
tamp Dodge. Iowa. June 5, 19 19. 



FENTON, Charley. Private. Son of ]\Irs. E. I. 

Fenton, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Story County. Iowa. .\ug. 22, 1897. Resident of Gran- 
ada, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, 
as private in engineers, N. A. .Assigned to 13th Provisional 
Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Ft. Oglethorpe, 
(la., Feb. 4, 1919. 



HUDSON, Clarence. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
Thomas Hudson, Triumph, Minn. 

Born June 21. 1S97, at Kankakee County, 111. Resident of 
Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 
1918, as private in engineers. Assigned to 13 th Provisional 
Recruit Co., at Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 

HUEMOLLER, Carl August. Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Fred C. iinemollcr, Fairmont, Minn., 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., May 17, 1894, where he resided when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infan- 
try, N. A, Sent to Camp Grant, III., and assigned to duty 
with the medical detachment. Development Battalion. Was 
attending Officers Training Camp at Camp Grant when armis- 
tice was signed. Dischareed at Camp Grant, 111.. Dec. 4. igi8. 



OILMAN, Law^rence Blaine. Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. J. E. Oilman, E.xcelsior, Minn. 
Born at Martin County, -Minn., .March, 1892. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Dec. <^, 1917, as 
private in artillery, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge and assigned 
to H(|. Co.. 338th Field .Artillery, 88tli Div. Transferred to 
Co. C, 307th Eng.. 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked 
from Hobolten, N. J., in April, 1918. Engaged at Cambria 
front with British Army, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.\rgonne. 
Wounded by hand grenade in Sept., 1918. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge about Feb., 1919. 



GRAHAM, Wesley H. Private. Son of John H. 

Graham, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Park County, Colorado, June 16, 1882. Widower, 2 
children. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Albert 
Lea. Minn., Feb. 8, 1918, as a private in infantry, N. A. As- 
signed to ijth Training Co.. at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Ill 
during much of his period of service at Jefferson Barracks hos- 
pital. Discharged with permanent disability at that place about 
Jan. 1. 1919. 

HALL, Robert C. Private First Class. Son of Mr. 

and Airs. Truman Hall, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont Twp,, Martin County, Aug. 16, 1893. Resi- 
dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at I't. Snelling, Minn., 
Dec. 13, 1917, as private in medical corps, regular army. As- 
signed to the aviation section of the Signal Corps at Camp 
Sevier, S. C. On detached- service at Camp Merritt. Pensacola, 
Little Rock, Ft. Bayard and Lanoke, Ark. Discharged at Lan- 
oke. Ark., Feb. 10, 1919. 



HANNEMANN, Paul Gehart. Private. Son of 

Mrs. Dora Hanneniann, Milltovvn, S. D. 
Born at Pukwana, S. D., Sept. 24, 1889. Resident of Galena 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 16th 
Machine Gun Battalion, 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving at 
Liverpool, England, July 17, igi8. ' Engaged at Vosges and 
Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 19, 1919, discharged 
at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 28, 1919. 



HULBERT, Loman Theodore. Private. Parents 
deceased. 

Married. Born at Wintcrset, Iowa, Nov. 23, 1894. Resident 
of Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Co. D, 
343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 25, 1918. 



JOHNSON, John. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
E. P. Gustafsoii, Malilla, Sweden, where he was 
born Jan. 12, 18'.)4. 

Resident of Monterey, ^iinn,, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
Oct. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Cody, 
N. M., and assigned to Co. M. 3SSth Inf., 97th Div. Discharged 
at Camp Cody, N. M., Dec. 14, 1918. 



KAHLER, Harry Herman. Cook. Parents de- 
ceased. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 20, 1889. and resident of that 
place when inducted at rairmonf, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
[Private in infantry, N. A. -Assigned to Co. .-\, 160th Inf., 40th 
Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
Sept. 2, 1918, arriving at Southampton, England, Sept. 9, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, Nov. 4, 1919. 

LADE, Louis C. Private. Parents deceased. 

Born at MartiiUon. 111., Oct. 14, 1894. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., when inducted at I-'airmont, ilinn., June 23, 1918. as 
private in infantry. Sent to Camp Grant, III., and found physi- 
cally disqualified 'for service. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
July 3, 1918. 

LARSEN. George Adolph. Private First Class. Son 

of John A. Larsen, Sherburn, Minn. 
Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Mo., in 1917, as private in Signal Corps, regular army. 
.Assigned to 34th Service Co., Signal Corps, at Ft. Leavenworth, 
Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 15, 1918, ar- 
riving at Liverpool, England, .\ug. i. igi8. Returned to U. S. 
Sept. 10, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 16, 1919. 



::()0 



LARSEN, Nels Elmer. Private. Son of Lars An- 
derson, Klargtrup, Sweden. 
Resident of X'ilberg. N. D., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Head- 
quarters Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
barked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at 
Brest. France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Mcuse-Argonne. Re- 
turned to U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
July 3. 1919. 

LARSON, Hjalmar. Private. Son of Alfred Lar- 
son, Lomma. Sweden, where he was born Aug. 23, 
1890. 
Employed at Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Sept. 21, 1917, and sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa, where he was 
assigned to Co. B, 7th Battalion, 163rd Depot Brigade. Found 
unfit for military service and discharged Oct. 9, 191 7, at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa. 

LUNDBERG, Carl Anton. Cook. Son of Mrs. 
Maria Lundberg, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Lund, Sweden. March 25, 1887. Employed at Rock 
County, Minn., when inducted at Worthington, Minn., June 

24, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 
344th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, N. J., Sept. 9, 19 18. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
Sept. 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919. discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 

MARLEY, Ernest L. Private. Son of I. H. Mar- 

\ey, Estherville, Iowa. 
Born at Britt, lowa. April 7, 1893. Resident of Lake Fremont 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 

25, 1918. as "private in artillery, N. A. .Assigned to Battery B, 
332nd Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111., and trained 
at Camp Robmson, Wis. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J.. Sept. 
17, 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 29. 1918. Re- 
turned to U. S. Aug. 23, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Aug. 28, 1919. 



McCARRON, Basil Whitney. Private. Son of I\Ir. 
and Mrs. W. A. McCarron. Shcrlmrn, Minn.. 

Born at Sherburn, Minn., where he resided when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 11, 1918, as private in S. A. T. C. Sent 
to University of Minnesota for training. Discharged at Minne- 
a iinl i s; . A I i n n . , Dec. , 1 9 1 8. 

McCORMICK, Ralph. Cook. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
C. A. McCormick, Omaha. Neb. 

Married. Born at Cass County, Iowa, Nov. 20, i8go. Inducted 
at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 5. 1918, as private in Q. M. C. Sent 
to Norfolk, \'a., and assigned to Co. 313, Fire Guards. Served 
at Norfolk, Va.. until discharged at that place Nov. 28, 19 18. 



NORDHAUSEN, Ernest A. Private First Class. 

Son of August Nordhausen, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Martin County, Minn., April 15, 1893. Resident of 
Cedar Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
Feb. 25, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
M, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferrea 
to Co. G, 39th Engineers, at Camp L^^pton, N. Y. Embarked 
from Hoboken, N. J., April 24, 1918, arriving at Brest. France, 
May 4, 1918. Engaged at Lorraine front, Vesle and Meuse- 
Argonne. In military hospitals from Jan. 5, 1919, to discharge. 
Returned to JJ. S. May 24, 19 19, discharged at Ft. Snelling, 
Minn., June 19, 1919. 



NUGENT, Edward Aloysius. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Thomas Nugent, Truman, Minn. 
Born at Riceville, Iowa. May i, 1895. Resident of West ford 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 135th 
Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
to Co. G. i66th Inf.. 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. 
June 28. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France. July 12, igi8. 
Engaged at Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
Returned to U. S. May 10, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
lowa, May 25, 1919- 



OLSON, Erwin V. Private. Son of Mrs. Christina 
Olson, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born in 1894. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at 
that place Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to 88th Div. Served as a clerk until 
Feb. 5, 1918. when he was discharged on account of physical 
disqualifications. 



OLSON, Richard August. Private. 

Ill nil in S\Mdcii. wIilmc his itarenls r'-side. Aged about 27 
when inducted. Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County. 
Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25. 1918. as private in 
infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp iTirant, 111., and assigned to an 
infantry regiment of the 86lh Div. Reached France in Sept., 
igiS. Was transferred to a division then engaged and rushed 
to the front where he participated in the Meuse-Argonne offen- 
sive. Discharged at Camp Dodge, in June, 1919- 



PALMER, Clyde Wellington. Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Ilaltie Mnrtaugh, Ceylon, Minn. 

Born April 25, 1895, at Columbia. Wis. Employed at Minne- 
apolis, Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L. 54th Pioneer 
Inf.. at Camp Wadsworth, ^. C. Embarked from Newport 
News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
19 18. In hospital Sept. 29 to Nov. 10, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 8, 1919- 



MEDDY, Arthur. Private. Foster son of A. F. 

Wegener, Fairmont. Minn. 
Piorn at C hicago. 111., Aug. 31, 189,^ Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
D, 332nd Field Artillery, at Camp Grant. 111., and trained at 
Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
16, 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, England. Sejit. 29, igi8. Re- 
turned to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
lowa, Feb. 28, 1919. 

MEYER, William H. Private. Parents deceased. 

Born at New Liberty, Iowa. June 5, 1S97. Resident of Ormsby, 
Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
Inf. Trained at Camp Wm. Bird, Fairmont. Discharged at 
Fairmont, July, 1917, on account of i>liysical disability. 



MOLESKY, John. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
Matt -Molesk}', Blue Earth, Minn. 

Born at Lemont, 111., Nov. lo, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at Blue Earth, Minn., Oct. 23, igiS, as 
private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to 13th Casual Co., at 
Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 9, 
iqio. 



MOODY, Truman Martin. Private. Son of Rev. 

and Mrs. I. E. Moody, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Ostemo, Minn., May 21, 1900. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., when enlisted in S. A. T. C. at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 
12, 1918. Assigned to Macalester College, St. Paul, for train- 
ing. Discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 12, 1918. 



PAYNE, Aubrey Chester. Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. W. W. Payne. Truman, Minn. 
Born at Stratford, Iowa, June 27, 1889. Resident of Westford 
Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Des Moines, Iowa, Oct. 
13, 1917, as private in infantry, regular army. Assigned to 
Co. F. 31st Inf. l-.mbarked from San Francisco, Calif., Nov. 
IS, 1917, arriving at Manila, P. I., where he was stationed until 
Aug. 13, 1918, when he left with his command for Siberia, arriv- 
ing at Vladivostok, Siberia, Aug. 21, 1918. Engaged in several 
skirmishes with Russian revolutionists. Left Siberia, Sept. 11, 
1919. arriving at San Francisco, Nov. 18, 1919, discharged at 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, Nov. 28, 1919. 



PEDERSON, Chris. Sergeant. Son of Mrs. Marie 

Larson, Jister, Denmark. 
Born at Tister, Denmark, Nov. 3, 1893. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., w-hen inducted at Fairmont, Minn., March 23, 1918, 
as private in the ambulance corps, N. A. Assigned to i8th 
Ambulance Co. at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Transferred to Ambu- 
lance Co. No. 263, i6th Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Dis- 
charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 17, 1919- 



PEDERSON, Jens S. Private First Class. Son of 

Air. and Mrs. Rasmus Pedersen, Grungfur, Den- 
mark. 
Born at Hernig. Denmark, Nov. 7, 1889. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
\'a., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 21, 1918. 
Engaged at Mcuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 19 19, 
discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 



301 



PETERSEN, Fred N. Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
-Mrs. C. X. Petersen, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. z, 1895, where he resided when 
enlisted at Columbus Barracks. Ohio, April 20, 1918, as private 
in Tank Corps. X. A. Assigned to Co. C, 303rd Battalion, 
Tank Corps, at Camp Colt, Pa. Transferred in England to Head- 
quarters Co.. 301st Center, Tank Corps. Embarked from Phil- 
adelphia, Aug. 13, 191S, arriving at Alanchester, England, Aug. 
28. 191S, with cargo of high explosive. Received further train- 
ing at Camp Worgret, Wareham. England, reaching the St. Quen- 
tin-Cambria front in France just as liostilities ceased. Returned 
to U. S. March 16, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 
II, 1919. 



PETERSON, Andrew. Wagoner. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Paul Peterson, Welcome. Minn. 
Born at Parkersburg, Iowa. July 20, 1893. Resident of Wel- 
come, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 19, 
1917, as private in engmeers, regular army. Assigned to 7th 
Engineer Trains, 5th Div., at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. Em- 
barked from Hoboken, N. f., jMarch 30, 1918. arriving at Brest, 
France, April 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
gonne. Returned to U. S. July 28, 1919, discharged Aug. 4, 
1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 



PETERSEN, Andrew. Private First Class. Par- 
ents deceased. 

Born at Aarhus. Denmark, Feb. 28. 1895, Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service 
at that place luly 1=;, 1Q17, as private in infantrv. Assigned 
to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. :M. Trans- 
ferred to Co. D, ist Engineers, ist Div.. in France. Embarked 
from Hoboken, X. J.. June 28. 1Q18. arriving at LeHavre. France, 
July 14, 1 9 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
Participated in Victory Parades in Xew York and Washington. 
Returned to U. S. Sept. 4, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant. 
111.. Sept. 25, 1919. 



PETERSON. Carl Oscar. Private. Son of IMrs. 
An.uusta I*etcr5on, Tiden, Sweden. 

Born at Ekly, Sweden. Aug. 29. 1894. Resident of Monterey, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., May 26, 19 18, at 
Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantrv. X. A. Sent to Cam[j 
Lewis, Wash. Assigned to Depot Brigade. Transferred to 
Development Battalion (Co. D) at Camp Fremont, Calif. Dis- 
charged at that place Dec. 6, 19 18. 



RINGGENBERG, Lloyd Meyrle. Private. 

r.Mni ;it I'nlk ( .'unty, Iowa. (_)ct. 1, 189(1. Married. Resided at 
Cedar I'.vp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn.. Dec. 13, 1917, as private in infantry. X. A. Sent to 
Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to Co. G, 35 ist Inf.. 88th Div. 
Discharged because of physical disability at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
Feb. 13, 1918. 



RIPPEL, Arthur. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
Chas. Rippel, Fairmont, Minn. 

Tlori\ at l-'ox Lake Twp.. Martin County, June 29. 1894. Resi- 
dent of Triumph. Minn., wlien enlisted at Ft. Snelling. !Minn.. 
Dec, 14. 1917. as private in ordnance corps, X. A. Assigned 
to Co. B. 3rd Ordnance Battalion, Camp Jackson, S. C. Em- 
barked from Hoboken. X. J., May 25, 1918. arriving at Bor- 
deaux, France. June 11. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 9, 1919. 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 24, 1919. 



ROENFELDT Louis Otto. Private. Son of Clans 

IvounteUIt. Otis. Kansas. 
Uorn April 22, 1890. at Grant Park, III. Registered in ^f art in 
County but moved to Kansas before called for induction June 
25. 1918. Sent to Camp Funston. Kansas, but discharged a few 
days later on account ot jihysical disqualification. 



SACKETT. Clarence L. Private. Son of Mrs. Nel- 
lie Smith, Gettysburg, S. D. 
liorn at X'ashville Tw-.^., ^Martin County, June t6. 1S96, and 
resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Oct. 
22, 1918. as private in engin.eers, X. A. Assigned to 13th Provi- 
sional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged '^s. Camp 
Di>dge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 



SCHOW, Carter. Private First Class. Son 01 Mr. 

and Airs. Christian Schow, Palo 5 Park. 111. 

Horn at Cook County, 111., July 12. 1895. Resident of Center 
Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
March 15, 1918, as private in aviation section, Signal Corps, 
\. .\,. Sent to Camp John Wise, Texas, and assigned to 43i"d 
lialloon Co. Trained also at Camp Morrison, Va. Embarked 
from Newport -News, \ a., June 29, 1918. arriving at Hrest," 
I'rance. July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
fonne. Returned to U. S. May 3. 19 19. discharged at Camp 
Grant, 111.. May 9, 1919. 



PETERSON, Elmer Clarence. Private. Son of 

Mr. and -Mrs. John B. Peterson, formerly of Mar- 
tin County, now of Rockford. III. 

Born in 1892. Resident of East Chain Twp., Martin County, 
when inducted at Fairmont. Miini., June 25. 19 18. Sent to 
Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to the Field Artillery of the 86th 
Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Ho- 
boken, X. J., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving in France Sept. 30, 1918. 
Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
III., Feb. 28, 1919. 



PETERSON, Leslie Arnold. Cock Air Service. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. I'eterson. Slayton, 

^linn. 
Born at Murray County, Minn., April 4, 189S. Employed at 
Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at ^linneapolis. Minn., Jan. 8, 
19 18, as private in Aviation Section, Signal Corps, regular 
army. Served at Kelly Field and Waco, Texas, Camp Greene, 
S. C, and Middletown, Pa. Member of 619th Aero Squadron. 
Discharged at Middletown. Pa.. March 31, 19 19. Remained in 
government service as a chauffeur. 



PETERSON, Peter. Private. Son of Mrs, Augus- 
ta Peterson, Tiden, Sweden. 

Born at Maustad, Sweden, Aug, i, 1892. Resident of Monterey, 

ilinn,, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June .25, 1918, as 

private in infantry, X. .-\. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and assigned 

to i6ist Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp Grant, III., Dec. 
20, J918. 



PUFAHL, Herman H. Private. Son of Aug. Pu- 
fahl, Fairmont, Minn. 

Born in 1893. Resided at Welcome, Minn., when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., where 
he was rejected on physical examination and discharged June 28, 
1918. 



SCHULTZ, Harry Ardell. Private. 

Widowed. Horn in 1893. Resident of riherburn. ^linn.. when 
inducted at I""airmont. Minn., July 25, 1918. Sent to Camp 
Wadsworth. S. C.. and assigned to Hq. Co. 54th Pioneer Inf. 
Kmharked from Newport News, Va.. Aug. 29, 191S. arriving 
at Brest. France, Sept. 12, 1918. Lngaged at Meuse-.Vrgonne. 
Returned to V. S. .Tune 29, rgig, discharged at Camp tirant, 
111.. July 3, 1919. 



SCHULTZ, Henry William. Private. Son of Aig. 
V . Schultz, Blue Island, 111., where he was born 
March IG, 1897. 

Resident of Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, M|nn., 
Oct. 22, 1918, as private in engineers. .Assigned to 26th It^ngi- 
neers Training Co., at Camp Forrest. Ga. Discharged at Camp 
Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 4, 1919. Deceased, date unknown. 



SEIFERT. Leo Jerome. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. 11. Seifert. New Ulrn. Minn, 
liorn at Brown County, Minn.. Feb. 28, 1891. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn,, June 
15, 1918, as private in infantry, X. .\. .Assigned to Co. C, 
Dunwoody Institute. Minneapolis, for training. Transferred to 
Perdue University, LaFayette, Ind. Discharged at that place 
Dec. 18, 1918. 



SHARP, Roy William. Private First Class. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Sharp, Laclede, Mo., 
Born at Laclede, Mo.. May 28, 1896. Resident of Rolling Green 
Twp.. Martin County, when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks. 
Mo., Dec. 15. 1917, as private m artillery, regular army. As- 
signed to Battery F, 60th Coast .\rtillery at Ft. Monroe. \ a. 
Embarked from Newport News, Va., -April 23, 1918, arriving 
at Brest, France, Mav 5, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. S. Feb. 4, 1919, discharged 
at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Feb. 26, 1919. 



202 



SWANSON, Elof Carl. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. Ji 'lin Swan son, Truman, Minn. 
Corn Apr. 22, 1897, at West ford Twp., Martin County. Em- 
ployed at Stanton. JVeb., wlien inducted at that place Oct. 21, 
191S, as private in infantry. Never assigned. Discharged Nov. 
12, 1918. 



WALLACE. Glen Leslie. Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. C. C. Wallace. Kesley, Iowa. 
Born at Wright County, Iowa, Nov. 7, 1897. Resident of Fair- 
mont, ]\Iinn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 14, 191S.. 
as private in infantry, S. A. T. C. Assigned to Hamline Univer- 
sity for training. Discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 17, 
1918. 



SWEENEY, Carol William. Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. J. G, Sweeney, Winnebago, Minn. 
Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Aug. 24, 1896, and 
resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 19, 
1918, as private in the S. A. T. C. Sent to Dunwoody Institute 
for training. Discharged at ]\[innea|iolis, Minn., Dec. 11, 19 18, 
and re-enlisted in the regular army. 



SWEESY, Leo Matthias. Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. W. D. Swcesy, Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Rossville, 111., April 7. 1899. Resident of Triumph, 
Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., April 26, 19 17, as 
private in artillery, regular army. Assigned to 6th Co., Coast 
Artillery Corps, Ft. Monroe, Va. Transferred to Battery E 
60th Co^st Artillery Corps. Lmbarked from Newport News, 
\'a., April 22. 19 18. arriving at Brest, France, May 6, 191 8. 
Engaged at St. Alihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
Feb. 4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 26, 19 19. 



THEOBALD, Ralph Vernon. Sergeant First Class. 

Son 01 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Tlieoljald, Ceylon, 
Minn. 

Born at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that place when 
enlisted Jan. 26, 1918, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., as private 
in aviation. Assigned to 7th Detachment Aviation, Signal Corps, 
at Gerstner Field, La. Transferred to 270th Aero Squadron 
' at same place. Embaiked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 14, 
19 18, arriving at Brest, France. Aug. 26, 19 18. In action at 
jNIeuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. July 10, 19 19, discharged 
July 21, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 



WERNER, Edward Herman. Private. Son of 

John Werner, Welcome, Alinn. 
Born in 1892. Resident of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at 
Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent 
to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. E. 311th Ammunition 
Train, 86th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 26, igiS, 
arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 
29, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 9, 1919- 



WEHRENBERG, Henry Christ. Private. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Henry J. Welirenberg, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. i, 1888, and resident therof when 
inducted at Fairmont, July 14. 1918, as private, general service, 
N. A. Sent to Dunwoodv Institute, Minneapolis. Minn., for 
training. Discharged at Minneapolis, Dec. 13, 191S. 



WHITE, Fred H. First Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 

Mary M. White, Sherburn, Alinn. 
Born at Chicago, 111.. Oct. 13, 1S87. Previously served 4 years 
in U. S. Navy. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at 
Seattle, Wash., March 14, 1918, as private in engineers. As- 
signed to Co. E, 31st Engineers, stationed at Ft, Lawton, 
Wash., Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, Camp Mills and Camp Upton, 
N. Y. In hospital June i to Sept. i, 1918. Discharged at 
Camp Upton, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1919. 



THIEDE, Herman J. Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. Martin B. Thiede. Fairmont, Minn. 

Born at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 16, 1897. Resident of Rock 
Rapids, Iowa, when called to federal service from National 
Guard at Luverne, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
Assigned to Co. A, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. 
Transferred to Headquarters Company, same command. Trans- 
ferred in France to Co. G, 9th Inf., 2nd Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., JufTe 27, 19 18, arriving at LeIIavre, France, 
July 17, 19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Wounded, right leg, 
shrapnel, Sept. 12, 19 18. Returned to U. S. April 16, 19 19, 
discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 29, 1919. 



WOODLING, Harold Ernest. Wagoner. Son of 

James T. Wnodling. \\'allinL!,-ford, Jowa. 
Born at Sac County Iowa, Jan i, 1S96. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, !Minn., July 26, 19 iS, as 
private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 5th Pioneer Inf., 
at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Transferred to Co. D, 3rd Corps 
.\rtillery Park, at the same place. Embarked from Newport News, 
Va., Sept. 3, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 16, 
191S. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
29, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 8, i9i9' 



203 



Fragmentary records only are available on the following"5q men who, by Red Cross, Draft Board 
and newspapor records are shown to have entered ^the service from Martin county. Many 
of them were non-residents and diligent research has failed to disclose the complete history 
of their services in most cases. 



ANDERSON, Andrew. Private. 



HELGILUND, John. Private. 



Born in Denmark in 1888. Son of Mrs. Christian Anderson. Born in Norway in 1S9J. Non-resident. Was employed at 
living in Denmark. Resident of Sherhurn, Minn., when inducted Truman, Minn., when specially inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
at Fairmont, .Anril 2q. 1918. and sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. May 20, 1918. Sent to Ft. Snelling, Minn. 



ANDERSON, Thomas J. 

Supposed to have been a transient. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
April 29, 1918, and sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. No further 
record. 



HELGILUND, Nels. Private. 

Born in Norway in 1893. Non-resident. Was employed at 
Truman when specially inducted in the infantry, May 20, 19 iS. 
Sent to Ft. Snelling, Minn. 



BASSETT, Leroy. Private. 



Soil of Mv. and Mrs. Toe Eassett of Ceylon. Married. Was 
inducted late in 1 9 1 8. Served in United States. 

BROWN, Arvid. 

Born in Sweden in 1892. Brittena Brown, mother, Landa. 
Sweden. Transient. Enlisted March 11, 1918, in coast artil- 
lery corps, regular army, and sent to JetTerson Barracks, ^lo. 

CASSIDY, John Michael. 

Private. Xon-nsidcnt. Inducted by the Martin County draft 
board and sent to Ft. Logan, Oct. 12, 1918. 

CHANTLAND, H. D. Private. 

Born ni 1.S9J. Resident of Badger, Iowa, when called to federal 
service from National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., July 15, 19 1/. 
as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. l£, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred and no further record. 



HOFFMAN, Albert Frank. Private. 

Son of Kmil Hoffman. Xaperville. III. Born in 189(1. Non- 
resident. Employed in ^[artin County when inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., Aug. 26, 1918, and sent to Camp Grant. III. 



HOLMSTROM, Edward. Private. 

Born in 1896. Non-resident, home is in Chicago. Employed 
at Monterey. Alinn.. when specially inducted June 2, 1918, and 
sent to Camp Grant, 111. 

IRELAND, J. M. Non-resident. 

Was employed at Fairmont, Minn., when called to Camp Gordon, 
Ga., for military service on May 25, 1918. 

JENSEN, Nels Walter. Non-resident. 

Born in 1889. Was employed at Fairmont, Minn., when iiiducted 
at that place May 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
Lewis, Wash. 



CLARK, Harry. Private. 

Born in 1894. Son of J. A. Clark, St. Francisville, Mo. Tran; 
sient. employed at Granada, Minn., when inductedfor a Missouri 
board on July 2, 191S. Sent to Camp I'unston. Kansas. 



JOHNSON, Arvid Gunnar. 



Born in Sweden iSgi . ICmployed at Ceylon, Minn., when in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 
111. Served overseas. Returned to \J. S. about May, 1919- 



FINDLEY, Gain R. Private. 

Native of Missimri. Emplo; ed in Center Creek Twp., when 
inducted in Dec. 1917. Returned about January, 19 19. 



FITZ, O. E. First Lieutenant. 

Was a practicing physician of Truman. Minn., formerly of Fair- 
mont. Offered his services early in the war and was called to 
service in igi8. No further record of service. After discharge 
located in the East. 



FOLEY, William Timothy. 

Born in 1SS9. Son of Mrs. Anna Foley, Appleton, Wis. Resided 
at .Sherburn. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Ajiril 
2i, 1918. Sent to Columbus Barracks, Ohio, transferred later to 
Camp Colt. Pa. Assigned to 303rd Bn., Tank Corps. Embarked 
Aug. 13. 1918. Discharged March 16, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
After discharge located in Minneapolis. 



JOHNSON, John William. Private. 

Born in 1896. Non-resident, home supposed to be in Chicago. 
Was employed in Rolling Cireen Twp., Martin County, when 
specially inducted on Feb. i. 1918, and taken to Camp Grant, 111. 



JOHNSON, Oscar Levin. Private. 

Born in Sweden in 1887. Was resident of Ceylon, Minn., when 
called to federal service at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917. and 
sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Camp Cody, N. M., 
serving in tlie infantry. Went overseas in June, 1918. Re- 
turned in s]>ring of 1919. 

KIMBALL, Earl. 

Resident of Center Creek Twp. Entered service in 1918. Sent 
to Camp Custer, Michigan. Returned to Martin County after 
discharge. 



GORDON, Harry. 



KRUEGER, Charles L. Private. 



Tills mail is suitpused to have been in Fairmont as a transient Son of Mr. and Mrs. W'ilhclm Krueger, Ceylon. Minn. Born 
and enlisted in the regular army with a recruiting party at that in Illinois in 1890. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted 
place about March 2, 1918. at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Returned safely. 



GRAGENSKY, Nathan. 

Born ill l\usbia in 1S92. Resided at Triumph, Minn., when in- 
ducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 19 18. Sent to Camp 
Grant, 111. Did not return to this county after discharge. 



GRAY, Herbert Edwin. Private, 

Born in 1895. T. C. Gray, father, Jacksonville, Texas. Home 
is at Casper, Wyoming. Was inducted by the Martin County 
draft board as a non-resident, July 27, 191S, and sent to Camp 
L,ewis, Washington. 

GUNDERSLEV, Chris. 

Son of Eartel Gunderslev, Winderup. Denmark, where he was 
born. Was employed in Lake Fremont Twp., when inducted at 
Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to 
Camp Wadsworth. S. C. 



LADD, Edgar James. Sergeant. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Ladd, Fairmont. Minn. Born at 
Minneapolis, Minn., June 10, 1891. Enlisted in regular army 
at Ft. Snelling, Minn., before the war. Served overseas with 
Supply Co., 122nd Field Artillery, 31st Div. Embarked from 
Hoboken, N. J., May 18, 1918. 

LADD, Sherman Allen. Private. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Ladd, Fairmont, Minn. Born at 
Osseo, Minn., Sept. 24, 1896. Resident of Rockford. Jlinn., 
when inducted at Buffalo, Minn. 

LEWIS, Ralph William. Private. 

Born in 1B93. Non-resident, home is at Ottumwa, Iowa. Was 
employed at Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
May 26, 1918. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash. 



204 



LARSON, Olof Anton. Private. 

Non-resident, home is ,it Rock ford. 111. Son of Lars Olson, 
Kaagtvit, Sweden, Born in 1896. Employed in Martin County 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, and sent to 
Camp Grant, III. 



POPE, Percy. 

Rorn in Martin County. Son of Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Pope^ 
Monterey. Served in the army. Did not return to Martin County 
upon discharge. 



MAILLARD, Julius Marlin. Private. 

Son i.t' Mr. and Mrs. Earnest Maillard, Corvallis, Oregon. Born 
at Rock ford, 111., May 2, 1892. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
April JQ. 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to Co. D, 313th Supply Train. 88th 
Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 23, 19 iS, arriving 
abroad Sept. 7. 191S. Injured by having foot crushed Sept. 28, 
igiS, two months in hospital. Returned to U. S. Jan. 25, 1919, 
discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, March 20, 1919. 



MALMEN, John. Private. 

Born in Sweden in 1S89. Son of Nels Malmen, Wexia, Sweden. 
Employed at Monterey, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. 



PORTER, George W. Private. 

N'on-resiilcnt. Ilnme probably at ^^oline, III. Was called for 
service on Oct. :;5, 1918, but was in Wyoming and did not reach 
Fairmont until Nov. 11, 1918. Was inducted and discharged on 
that date at Camp Dodge. Last man inducted by ]\fartin County 
draft board. 



PRICE, William Edward. 

Served in army. Born in 1889. .Son of Isaac Price. Posey ville, 
Ind, Non-resident, home is at Posey ville, Ind. Inducted by 
the Martin County board on July 25, 1918. for the board of 
Poseyville, Ind., and sent to Camp Taylor, Ky. 



MANGUN, Gordon J. Son of Mrs. Ella Mangun, 
Sherburn. Minn. 

Born at Sherburn, Minn., April 22, 1897, and resident thereof 
when enlisted in S. A. T. C. in Oct., 1908. Trained at University 
of Minnesota. Discharged Dec, 1918. 



PRUISNER, Anton. Private. 

Son of^J. I. Pruisner, Eemis. S. D. Born in 1897. Non-resident, 
home is at Bemis, S. D. Was employed in Martin County when 
inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918. Sent to Camp' Grant, 
111. Discharged in Dec, 1919. 



MATTHIAS, August E. Private. 



PRUISNER, Henry. Private. 



Born in 111. in 1892. Home is at Union, 111. Employed for several Son of J. I. Pruisner, Bemis. S. D. Born in 1890. Non-resident, 

years as a farm hand in Martin County. Resided in Rutland home is at Bemis, S. D. Employed in Martin County when in- 

Twp., when inducted at Fairmont,, April 29, 1918. Sent to Camp ducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to 86th Div. 

Dodge, Iowa. Did not return to Martin County. at Camp Grant, 111. 



MITCHELL, James C. Private. 

Born in 1S96. Non-resident. Home is in Oklahoma. Inducted 
at Fairmont, Mitm., March 7, igi8, for local board of Oklahoma 
City, Okla. .Sent to Camp Travis, Texas. 



MORROW, James G. 

Born in 1889. Non-resident, home is in Chicago. Employed at 
Monterey, Minn, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
1918. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 



NIELSEN, William. Private. 

Born in 189^. Non-resident. Home is at Minneapolis, Minn. 
Son of H. P. Nielsen, Kodby, Denmark. Employed in Martin 
County when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 19 18. Sent 
to Camp Grant, 111. 



PAYNE, Cady L. 



Son of Mr. and i\Irs. W. W. Payne, Truman, Minn. 
Resident of Westford Twp., Martin County, when called to service 
in 1918. Served in the A. E. F. Returned to U. S. and dis- 
charged late in 1919. 



REICKLEY, Joseph Johnson. Private. Son of 

Conrad H. Reickley. South Bloomingville, Ohio. 

Burn in 1892. Non-resident, home is in Ohio. Employed in 
Center Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted in June, 
1918, and sent to Camp Grant, 111. 



SCHLICHTING, Edward Carl. Private. 

Born in iSSS. Xon resident, claimed Fall River, Wis., as his 
home. Employed at various times in Nashville Twp., Martin 
County. Address was Truman, Minn., wlien inducted at Fair- 
mont, Minn., June 25. 1918. Sent to the 86th Div. at Camp 
Grant, 111. Returned safely. 



SMITH, H. N. Private. 

Born in 1895. Resident of Plainfield, Iowa, when called to 
federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 
34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred overseas in June, 
19 18. Was in active service. Returned safely. 



PAYNE, Floyd. Private. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Payne, Truman, Minn. 
Enlisted in regular army in 1917. Did not serve abroad. Still 
in service April i, 1920. 



STEINER, Albert. 

Nonresident, home is at Milwaukee. Wis. Registered in Fair- 
mont and sj.iecially inducted, March 18, 19 18. Taken to Ft. 
Snelling. Minn. Tried as a diaft evader and convicted. Sen- 
tenced to fifteen years in Leavenworth Disciplinary Barracks. 



PERSSON, Einar. Private. 

Residence unknown. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 25, 1918. 
Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and discharged for physical dis- 
qualifications May z-j, 1918. 



PETERSON, Peter Berk. Private. 

Born in DeiHn;ii k in 1SS7. Sun of Mrs. Rosmine Peterson, 
Ekart, Jutland, Denmark. Non-resident, home is at Hutchinson, 
Minn. Employed in Martin County when inducted at Fairmont, 
June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. 



STENZEL, Albert William. Private. 

Born in 1893. Married. Non-resident, home is at Ellsworth, 
Minn. Employed in Martin County when inducted at Fairmont, 
Sept. 5, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. Discharged about Dec, 
1918. 



THOMPSON. C. Harry. Private. 

Non-resident, home is at Omaha, Neb. Inducted at Fairmont, 
Minn., June 25, 1918, and sent to Camp Grant. III. 



POPE, Buel. Master Signal Electrician. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Pope, Monterey. 
Born at Martin County, Minn. Served in 191st Aero Squadron. 
Had arms broken in accident at Wilbur Wright Flying Field, 
Dayton, Ohio. 



TYLER, Glen. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Tyler, of Granada, Minn. Was 
in service at Camp Dodge, Iowa, from Sept., 1917, to Feb., 
igiS. Resides at Mason City, Iowa. 



205 



"WARD, Otto. 

Army. X on-resident. Registered at Fairmont, Minn. Enlisted 
in the army and was sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Dec. 3, 
1917. 



WARNER, John Alfred. Private. 

Son of C. A. Warner, SliL-rburn. Minn. Born at Chicago. 111., 
Feb. ] 5, 1S95. Resident of Kim Creek Twp., Martin County, 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn,, June 2$. 19 18, as ].irivate 
in infantry. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., where he was discliarged 
■on physical re-examination for hernia, June 28, 1918. 



WERICK, Charlie. Private. 



Russian nativity. Was employed at Truman, Minn., previous 
to induction at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp 
Grant, 111., later overseas. Reported to have been killed in 
action. 



WHITSELL, Arthur W. Corporal. 

.\ge and place of birth miknown. Resided at Truman, Minn., 
when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7. Sent to 
Camp Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to the 88th Div. Was trans- 
ferred to another camp and sent overseas and assigned to the 
9th Inf., 2nd Div. Saw extensive combat service. Returned to 
V. S. and discharged about July 31, 1919. Did not return to 
Martin County. 



ZACHARIASON, Willie Howard. Private. 

Son of .S. (.). Zachariason, Elmore, Minn. Resident of East 
Cliain Twp., ^lartJn County, when inducted at Camp Dodge, 
Iowa, April 29, igi8. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co., 313th 
Sanitary Train, 88 th Div. Returned safely. 



ZIERKE, Roland H. First Lieutenant. 

Resident of Fairmont, Minn. Commissioned in Dental Reserve 
Corps, Nov. 15, 1917, but never called for service. 



Supplementary 

The following' names have been reported as those of men who entered the military 
or naval service from ]\Iartin County at some time during the war. No definite rec- 
ords of their service exist and diligent inquiry has failed to locate them. Some names 
may be included in error but it is believed that they are entitled to be of record as 
serving from this countj-. 



GROOM, Abe. 
HANSEN, Niels. 
HEASLEY, John O. 
KNOCKENUS, Fred. 
LaDUE, Jay B. 
MITTELSTED, Walter M. 
PARISCH, Arthur. 
SUNDERSON, Ben. 
WARE. Harry. 
WEDEN, Walter. 
WHELAN, Harry. 
WHITSELL, William R. 



206 




The Kaiser reviewing troops on the western front The lITe ^olj, • .," • ' ,'^ ""'"';* unsafe for autocracy. Upper left: 

central figures left to*" right -are vSnHiifdenburT Von Ludendorr^^^^ f"^"'"', ^""'^^V """". "S^"'- The three 

hrst adjutant distributing iron crosses. Lower fight" Shi-'e'lose^up' °of l^'r°"Hohe^°.^?;rn'1:;ie Jilll IZlTi iS'^r^o^ops"' "'^ 

207 



APPELQUIST, Carl Walter. (1) Seaman Second 

Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. G. .Vppelqnist, 

Dunnell, Alinn. 
Born at Minncipolis. Minn.. July 3. 1896. Resident of Dunnell. 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 20, 1917, as 
apprentice seaman, U. S. Navy. Assigned to 3rd Bn., 7th Co., 
at Newport, R. I., for training. Transferred to Naval Jlospital 
at Portsmouth, N. H., where he was discharged Jan. 17, 1918. 



BRANDT, Clifford Alexander. (9) Chief Mechanic 
Third Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Brandt, 
Aladelia, Minn. 
Born at St. James, Minn., April 19, 1896. Married. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 
17, igiS. as Chief Mechanic, 3rd class, U. S. Naval Reserves. 
Assigned to Co. 32, 8th Bn., 12th Regt., at Great Lakes, 111. Dis- 
charged Feb. 13, 1919. 



ARP, Leonard Dewey. (:?) Pharmacist's Mate Third 
Class. Son of Mr. ami Mrs. Chaa. .\rp, Shcrburn, 
Minn. 

Born at .Sherburn. Minn., March 25, 1.S98, where he resided when 

enlisted in the U. S. Navy at Minneapolis, Minn^, May 28, 191S, 

as hospital aoirentice, 2nd class. Trained at Great Lakes, Til. 

Assigned to receiving ship Ray Ridge, and later to U. S. S. 

Kentuckian. Fmbarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 14, 1919. 

making two trips across Atlantic. Discharged at Minneapolis, 

Minn.. Sept 12. 1919. 



AUKOFER, Joseph Melchoir. (:jj Seaman. Son of 
Mrs. Alary Aukofer, Welcome, Minn. 

Born at Hopkins, Miim.. Oct. 15, 1896. Resident of Welcome, 
Minn., when enlisted at ^Jinneapolis, Minn., July 24, 1918, as 
apprentice seaman. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and Philadel- 
Ijhia Navy Yard. Transferred to Naval Ease No. 9 at Gibraltar, 
Spain. .Assigned to U. S. S. Yamacraw- and cruised to Northern 
Africa, thence to Hoboken, N. J., via .\20res. Transferred to 
U. S. S. Martha Washington. Was with crew tliat returned 
2000 interned German prisoners to Holland in June, 1919; re- 
turned with convoy of troops to U. S. and then accompanied 
U. S. .\rmenian commission to Constantinople, and Batun, 
Russia. Released to reserve at New York Nov. 17, 1919. 



AUSTIN, John. (4) Gunner's Mate. Son of Mr. 

and .Mrs. .Albert E. .\ustin. Dunnell, Minn. 
Born in I\Iartin County, Oct. 14, 1896. Enlisted at Detroit, 
Mich., in May, 1918, as apprentice for gunner's mate, U. S. N. 
Released to inactive duty in 1919. No further record. 



BURNS, Gustave Albert. (10) Ensign. Son of Mr. 

.and Mrs. John Hums, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Jan. i8, 1895, at Elmore, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
^linn.. when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 25, 1918, 
as Landsman for Machinist's Mate, U. S. N., naval aviation. 
.Assigned to naval air station at Pensacola, Fla. Still in service 
having re-enlisted and been commissioned 1920. 



BURNS, George Murray. (11) Second Class Q. M. 

(a). Son of Mr. and Airs. John Burns, Fairmont, 

Alinn. 
Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, Minn., Jan. 15, 1897. 
Resident of Fairmont, ilinn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn.. June 3, 1918, as Landsman for Q. M. (a), U. S. N. 
-Assigned to i8ist Co., 4th Regt., receiving ship at St. Helena. 
Va.. training at Naval Base, Hampton Roads, Va. Transferred 
to Co. not and Co. 900 at Hampton Roads and to Navy Yard 
at Charleston, S. C. Released to inactive duty Dec. 6, 1918. 



CARLSON, Rufus Gerhart. (I:.') Fireman. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Carlson, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born at Ogema, Wis., April i, 1898. Resident of Ceylon. Minn., 
when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 13, 1918, as apprentice 
seaman. L'. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes. 111., and Navy Yard, 
Norfolk. \'a., Washington, D. C, and Philadelphia. Assigned 
to U. S. S. Yale, and assigned to convoy duty in English 
Channel. Made 85 round trips across channel. Returned to 
U. S. May 22, 1919, discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 5, 
1919. 



AUSTIN, William Winslow. (.5) Seaman. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. .-Xlbert E. Austin, Dunnell, Alinn. 

Born at that place June 8. 1900. ATarried. Employed at St. 
Peter, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. March 5, 
J917. as seaman in L^. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes. 111. As- 
signed to v. S. S. Wyoming, at Norfolk, Va. Embarked from 
Hampton Roads, Va., Nov. 25, 1917, arriving at Sca[>a Flow, 
Orkney Islands, Dec. 8, 1917. Witll British Grand I'"leet in 
North Sea and other hostile waters for 13 months. While on 
Wyoming that ship sunk one submarine and fired on others. 
Present at surrender of German Fleet Nov. 21, 1918. Returnetl 
to U. S. Dec. 25, 1918, and discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., 
July 21, 1919. 



BAUM, John Christopher, (li) Gunner's Mate First 
Class. I'.ironts deceased. 

Born at Alinneapolis, Alinn., Nov. 24. 1900. Resident of Wel- 
come, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. s, 
1917, as apprei.tice seaman, XJ. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
111., and at Navy Yards, Charleston, S. C. Transferred to naval 
aviation. Engaged in hostile waters in pursuit of submarines. 
Discharged at Great Lakes, 111., Alarch 17, 1919. 



BENSON N. Martin. (7) Quartermaster Third 
Class. Son of Mr. and Airs. A. P. Benson, Wm- 
terset, Iowa. 
Born at Wahoo, Neb., Oct. 18, 1899. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at J^Inineapolis, Minn., May 14, 1918, as 
apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. As- 
signed to receiving ship at Norfolk, A'a. Assigned to U. S. 
S. Alabama. Made one trans-. \tlantic trip with freight cargo. Re- 
turned to LT. S. May 18, 1919, discharged at Great Lakes, 111., 
July 2, 1919. 



CHAMBERLAIN, Ray C. (13) Fireman First Class. 

Son of C. C. Chamberlain, Granada, Alinn. 
Born at Albert Lea, Minn., Jan. i, 1897. Resident of Granada, 
Alinn., when enlisted at Alinneapolis, Minn.. July 15, 1918, as 
fireman 3rd class, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. First 
assigned to U. S. S. Kentucky at Hampton Roads, Va. Trans- 
ferred to U. S. S. Chester at Harwick, England. Embarked 
for foreign waters from Hoboken, N. J., Dec. 29, 1918. in con- 
voy service. Plied between Harwick, England and Hamburg, 
Russian ports, Gibraltar, Brest and New York. Returned to 
V. S. Alay 17. 1919, released at Alinneapolis, Minn., Aug. 12, 
1919. 



CHRISTIANSON, Clarence O. (14) Musician. Son 

of Air. and Airs. John Christianson, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at l-'airmont. Minn.. Nov. 24. 1894. and resided there when 
enlisted Tan. 8. 1918, at Alinneapolis, Alinn.. as musician in the 
U. S. N" Assigned to 4th Regime'nt Band at Great Lakes, 111. 
Transferred to Receiving Ship at Philadelphia. Pa. Transferred 
to ship's band, L^. S. S. Buffalo. Embarked from New York 
Oct. 6, 1918, arriving at Plymouth. England, Nov. 6. 1918. Ar- 
rived back in U. S. Dec. 31, 1918, and released to inactive duty 
at Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1919. 



CHUTE, Fred Burton. (\:<) Boatswain Second Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Chute, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., April i, 1894, where he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., April 14, 1918, as apprentice 
seaman, U. S. N. .Assigned to Camp Paul Jones, Great Lakes, 
111., for training. Transferred to U. S. S. New Hampshire at 
Brooklyn Navy V'ard and to sea duty with U. S. coast patrol. 
Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 4, 1919- 



BLANCK, Walter Henry. (.S) Pharmacist's Mate 
First Class. Son of Airs. Theresa Blanck, I'air- 
mont, Alinn. 

Born at Fairmont, Alinn.. .\pril 30, 1900. Resident of Fairmont, 
when enlisted at AJilwaukee, Wis., Feb. 17, 1917, as hospital 
apprentice, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Assigned 
Aug. 2, 1917, to U. S. S. Culgoa. In Carribean Sea at time 
of German raiders. No engagement. During remainder of war 
Culgoa was tender to destroyer flotilla in English Channel. Bay 
of Biscay, Irish Sea and .Atlantic ocean. Returned to U. S. 
Aug. 20, 1919. Discharged at San Francisco, Calif., June 15, 
1920. 



COLVIN, Oscar David. (Hi) Seaman. Son of Air. 
and Airs. C. E. Colvin, Sherburn, Alinn. 

Born Aug. 3, 1898 at State Center, Iowa. Resided at Sherburn. 
Aiinn., when enlisted at Alinneapolis, Alinn., Oct. 9, 1917, as 
apprentice seaman in U. S. N. Assigned to Co. 36, 12th Regt., 
at Great Lakes, 111. Transferred to U. S. receiving ship at 
Philadelphia, to receiving barracks at Queenstown. Ireland, and 
to U. S. S. Ammen. Embarked from New York, Alarch 6, 1918, 
arriving at Liverpool, Alarch 16, 1918. Was a big gun pointer 
and saw many submarine attacks. Returned to U. S. Jan. 2, 
1919, and discharged Alay 19, 1919- 



209 



COULT, Benjamin Willard. (1) Ensign. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. J. U. Coiilt, Fairmont. Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 7, 1895. Resided at Fairmont 
when enlisted at Jacksonville, Florida, Dec. 12. 1917. as seaman 
2nd class, U. S. Naval Reserve Force. Assigned to U. S. S. 
Scranton at Xew York, training at Pelham Bay, New Vork. 
Promoted Ensign Aug. 10, 191S. Embarked from New \ ork. 
Sept. 30, igi8, arriving abroad Oct. 11, 1918. Returned to 
U. S. Feb., 1919, and released to inactive duty at New York, 
March i,^ 1919. 



ENGELDORF, Lars John, ci) Chief Mechanic 
First Class. 

Born in Sweden, April .'.i, iSo.v Resident of Triumph, Jlinn., 
when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. July 13. 1917. as a appren- 
tice seaman. U. S. N. Trained at Norfolk. Va. Assigned to U. 
S. S. Cavama, later to U. S. S. Melville. Served for sixtceii 
months in the U. S. naval forces in Europe. Then returned 
to U. S. and cruised to Cuba and Porto Rico. Member of crew 
in convov to trans-Atlantic Aerial flight in June. 1919. Last 
duty at Panama Canal Zone. Discharged at San Diego, Calif., 
Nov. 3, 1919. 



FOLLETT, Fred John. C!) Electrician Third Class 
Radio. Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Follett, Fair- 
mont, 
Born at Fairmont, Minn.. Feb. 7, 1898, where he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., .April 15, 1918, as radio operator, 
U. S. N. Assigned to naval radio school, (ireat Lakes, 111., and 
Harvard L'niversity, Cambridge, Mass., where he was released 
to inactive duty Feb. 16, 1919. 



GROTH, Chester E. (9 } Musician Second Class. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Aug. CTrotli, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Alpha, Minn., Tan. 27, 1900. Resident of Sherburn, 
Minn., when enlisted at jlinneapolis, Feb. 8, 1918, as apprentice 
seaman in U. S. N. Assigned to 47th Co., 8th Regt. at Great 
Lakes, 111. Transferred to 2nd Regt. Band, Discharged March 
24, 1919, at Great Lakes, 111. 



HANSEN, Lucian J. (10) Electrician Second Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. H. Hansen, Welcome, 

Minn. 
Born at Rollins Green Twp., Martin County, March 15, 1900. 
Resident of Welcome, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 1, 1918, at 
Minneapolis, Minn., as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained 
at Great Lakes, 111. Served on LI. S. S. Minnesota and Indian- 
apolis, also on receiving ship at Norfolk, Va. Embarked from 
Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 20, 1918, making two trans-.\tlantic 
trips to French and English ports. Returned to U. S. July 3, 
1919, discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 22, 1919. 



HELGESON, Gail Phelps. (11) Ensign. Son of 

.Mr. and .Mrs. .Andrew Helgeson, Litchfield, Mmn. 

Born at Milnor, N. D., Tune 16, 1889. Served 2 years in Minne- 
sota National Guard. Superintendent of schools at Sherburn, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 6. I9i». as 
seaman 2nd class, U. S. naval reserve force. I rained at Camp 
Farragut. Great Lakes, 111., University of Chicago New \ ork 
City and Pelham Bay. Assigned to duty at Philadelphia Navy 
Yard. Promoted to Ensign .\pril 26, 1919. Still in service at 
Philadelphia Navy Yard, June i, 1919- 



FORSTROM, William Arthur. (4) Seaman. Son of 

Mrs. Mathilda Forstrom, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, April 24, 1896, 
and resident of that place when enlisted May 7, 1917, at Minne- 
apolis, Minn., as api>rentice seaman. V. .S. N. Trained at Great 
Lakes, III. Transferred to receiving ship at Philadelphia and 
later to City Park Barracks, Brooklyn, N. Y. .\ssigned to 
U. S. S. Tidewater. Embarked from New York, July 7, 1918, 
making various foreign ports. Returned to V. S. Dec. 13, 1918. 
Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 18. 1919. 



3EMMEL, Lloyd. (5) Seaman. Son of Duncan 

Geniniill, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Grand Junction, Iowa, July, 1899. Resident of Lake 
Fremont Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn., about Aug. II, 1918, as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. 
Sent to Norfolk. \'a., and assigned to U. S. S. destroyer "Champ- 
lin." Still in service June i, 1920. 



HORNE, Alfred Dewey. 0~) Apprentice Seaman. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. .Alfred Home, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Chatfield. Minn., Tune 7, 1S98. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Madison, Wis., Oct. i, 1918.. as ap- 
prentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at University of Wisconsin, 
Madison, Wis. Released to inactive duty April 23, 1919- 



HOWELL, Robert J. (I!) Carpenter Second Class. 

Son of >ir. and Mrs. Henry G. Howell, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, June 12, 1897. Resident of 
Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Dec. 10, 1917, in U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
ill., transferred to Naval Air Base at Camp Glenn, N. C., and 
placed in charge of concrete construction work. Discharged 
at Minneapolis, Minn., July 3, i9i9- 



GRADBERG, Enoch Walford. (H) Ship's Cook Sec- 
ond Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Gradberg, 
Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Martin County, Minn., Oct. 12, 1898. Resident of Lake 
Fremont Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Mav 7, 1917. as apprentice seaman, \J. S. N. Trained 
at Great Lakes, III. Assigned to U. S. S. Henderson. Embarked 
from Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 20, 1918 on first voyage. Served 
o^•erseas. Returned to U. S. after service abroad, July 20, 1919, 
discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 11, 1919. 



GRADBERG, Eskil Nicholaus. (7) Chief Carpen- 
ter's Mate (Chief Petty Officer). Son of Mr. and 

^Irs. Olc Gradberg, Dunnell, Minn. 
Resident of Dunnell when enlisted at Des Moines, Iowa, May 
25, 1916, as shipwright in U. S. N. Trained 6 months at U. S. 
Naval Artificers School, Portsmouth, Va. Assigned to U. S. S. 
Richmond at Norfolk, Va. Transferred to U. S. S. Delaware 
and permanently assigned thereto. Left Lynnhaven Roads, Va., 
Nov. 25, 1917, with first U. S. fleet to participate in war. Joined 
British Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, Dec. 7, 
1917, operating with British fleet during war. In attacks by 
submarines oft' Norwegian coast, Feb. 8, 1918 and off Heligoland, 
Tune 30, 1918. In convoy of U. S. minelayers operating at 
entrance to .Vorth Sea and Kiel Canal. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
12, 1918. Enlistment expired May 24, 1920. 



GRAHAM, Robert Lewis. (S) Naval Musician. Son 

of Jnhn Graham. Sherburn, ^Nlinn. 
Married, one child. Born at Albert Lea, Minn., Jan. s, 1890. 
Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn. Feb. 8, 19 18, as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Assigned 
to 67th Co. at Great Lakes, III Transferred to 8th Regt. band, 
later to Bn. Band, Great Lakes, III. Discharged Dec. 17, 1918, 
at Great Lakes, 111. 



JENSEN, Fred. (14) Engineer Second Class. Son 

of Peter Jensen, Guckeen, Minn. 
Born at Hampton, Iowa, Nov. 10, 1891. Employed at Omaha, 
Neb., when enlisted at that place July 2, 1917. as fireman 2nct 
class U S. N. Assigned to receiving ship at Bremerton, Wash. 
Transferred to Norfolk, Va. Assigned to sea duty on the mme 
layer "Lickens" Ian. 26, 1918, leaving port Jan. 28, 1918. Iwo 
days out the ship was damaged and abandoned in a storm. VVas 
in the water 27 hours before picked up by the crew of a des- 
troyer. Returned to naval hospital at Brooklyn and in bed as 
result of exposure until May 10, 19 18. Discharged at Brooklyn, 
N. Y. Sept. 9. i9'9- 

JONES, John. (15) Fireman First Class. Parents 
deceased. Foster son of Dan Harris, Fairmont, 
Minn. 
Born at Liberty, Mo., August 8, 1896. Resident of Silver Lake 
Twp., when enlisted at Omaha. Neb., April 16, 1917 as fireman 
3rd class, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Assigned to 
U S S Culgoa at New York. Embarked from New York. 
Au". s, 1918, making six trans-Atlantic trips, twice with convoys, 
four times bringing back troops. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Aug. 21, 1919- 



JESSEN, Carl Richard. (16) Seaman First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Jessen, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Northville, S. D., Feb. 11, 1S99. Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn.. April 23, 1917, as 
apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes 111. and 
Boston Navy Yard. Assigned to U. S. b. Melville. Embarked 
from Boston, May 11, 1917, arriving at Queenstown, Ireland, 
Mav " 1917. Served continuously in foreign and hostile waters 
unt'il armistice. Transferred to U. S. S. Shaw. Cited for 
bravery by his commanding officer for rescue ot a child. Dis- 
charged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 29, 1919- 



211 



KAUDER, Wesley Albright. (1) Seaman. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Kauder, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born April 15, 189?, at Delevan, Minn, Resident of Fairmont. 
Minn., wlien enlisted .Vpril 23, 1917, at Minneapolis, Minn., as 
apprentice seaman in the U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
III. .Assigned to U. S. S. Melville, at lioston, Mass. Embarked 
from Roston, Mass., May 11, 19 17, arriving at Qtieenstown, Ire- 
land, ilay 22, 1917. Served on the Melville in hostile foreign 
waters until Nov. 11, 1918. Made cruise to .Azores islands with 
convoy of Seai)lanes NC-3 and NC-4 on their transcontinental 
flight j\Iay-June, igig. Arrived in U. S. Jan, 26, 1919, and 
discharged .\ug. 19, igrg. 



LUNDE, Oscar Henry. (;j) Petty Officer Second 
Class. Son of .Mr. and Mrs. Nels Lunde, Granada, 
Minn, 

Born .May 21, 1896, at Kast Chain Twp., Martin County, and 
resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 25, 
1918. as carpenter in aviation section of U. S. N. Assigned 
to 36th Co.. 7th Regt., at Pensacola, Fla. Transferred succes- 
sively during training period to League Island Navy Yard, 
Philadelphia. Pa., and Buffalo Curtis -Air Craft Factory. Em- 
barked from Iloboken, N. J., June 7, 1918, arriving at St. Naz- 
aire, France, June ig, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 24, 1919, 
and released to inactive duty Feb. 17, igig. 



KENDALL, Earl Glen. {::) Seaman Second Class. 

.'^on of Air. and .Mrs. E. S. Kundall, Triuniiili, 
.Minn. 

Born at Fo.K Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn., April 2, 1900. 
Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
July 6, 1918, as apprentice seaman, V. S. N. Trained at Dun- 
woody Institute, Minneapolis, and at I-eague Island Navy Yard, 
Philadelphia. Embarked on U. S. S. Polar Bear from Baltimore, 
Md., Dec. 19, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, France, Dec. 24, igiS. 
.Also made four trips on U. S. S. Santa Rosa. Returned to 
U. S. .Sept. 18, 1919, released to inactive duty at New York 
Oct. 2, 1919. 



KEYES, Raymond E. CD Musician First Class. S.m 

of Mr. and Mrs. Ed Kej'es, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 7, 1895, where he resided when 
enlisted at ilinneajjolis, Minn., July 20, 1917, as musician in L'. S. 
.\. Trained at Norfolk, \'a., and Pelliam Bay, N. \'. .Assigned 
to v. S. S. Frederick, later to U. .S. S. New .Mexico. Served 
in Brazilian waters and later made eight traiis-Atlantic trips in 
transport and convoy service. Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., 
Aug. 30, 1919. 



KRAMER, William R. ( 4 ) Water Tender. Son of 

Mrs. Dora Kramer, Welcome, Minn. 
Born March 27, 1889, at Cook county^ 111. l-lnnloyed at Sioux 
City, Iowa, when enlisted at that place May 15, 1918, as 3rd 
CI. Fireman, LI, S. N. .Assigned to U. .S. S. Kentucky after train- 
ing at (ireat Lakes, 111. Later assigned to V, S. S. Jean. Mado 
two trans-. \tlantic trips with cargo, and one to Rio de Janeiro, 
Brazil. Released to inactive duty June 9, 19 19. 



KRUMHOLZ, Joseph August. (.">) Yeoman. Son of 
Mr. and Mrs. August Krumholz, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, March 2, 1886. 
ICmployed by the government at Burns. Oregon, when enlisted 
April 18, 1917, at Portland, Oregon, as landsman for Yeoman, 
U. S. N. Was on recruiting service and duty at Naval Training 
Base, San Diego, Calif., until discharged at that jilace in May, 
1919, 



MADSEN, Eddie Peter. (KM Boatswain's Mate Sec- 
ond Class. Son of .\lr. and Mrs. I'etcr Madsen, 
Sherburn, Minn. 

Born July 10, 1898, at Sheihurn, Minn., and resident of that 
place when enlisted July 30. 1915, as apprentice seaman in U. S. 
N. Served on LI. S. S. Nevada, and LItah. Made six trans- 
-Atlantic trips to France, one to Italy. In two successful en- 
counters with hostile submarines. Discharged July g, 1919. 



MARVIN, Vincent V. (11) Boatswain's Mate First 
Class. Son of .Mrs. C. E. Coleman, I^'airmont, 
Minn. 

Born at Lawler, Iowa, Jan. 22, 1S93. Was in service when war 
was declared, April 6, 1917, having served continuously in U. S. 
Navy since Jan. 23, 1910, enlisting at St. Paul, Minn. During 
entire war he was on the V. S. S. .Anniston as convoy to sub- 
marine chasers to the Bermudas and .Azores. In two encounters 
with submarines. Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., .Aug. 9, 
igig. Re-enlisted 1920. 



MOELLER, Harry. (12) Apprentice Seaman. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Hans Mnullcr. Shorlmrn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn.. Aiiril 7, 1889, and resident thereof 
when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., June 6, 1918, as apprentice 
seaman in U. S. N. Trained nt Great Lakes, 111., and Washing- 
ton, D. C. Discharged Jan. 16, 1919. 



MOORE, Clarence Raymond, (i;;) Seaman Second 
Class. Son of Air. and Mrs. I'Vank Moore, Winne- 
bago, Minn. 

Born Jan. 28, 1903. at Murray, Iowa. Resided in Nashville 
Twp., Martin County, when enlisted May 21, 191S, at Mason 
City, Iowa, as apprentice seaman. U. S. N. Trained at Great 
Lakes, 111., assigned to LT. S. S. Ludonia. Embarked from New 
\ ork, June 29, igi8. arriving at Liverpool, England, July 16, 
T918. Stationed on destroyer in Mediterranean sea, operating out 
of Gibraltar. Returned to U. S. Nov. ir, 1918. Discharged at 
Brooklyn, X. V., Jan. 10, igig. 



LANGMAN, Harley Richard, ((i) Chief Mechanic's 
Mate. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. V. Langnian, Fair- 
mont, Minn. 
Born at Nashville Twp,, Martin County, Feb. 12, 1S95. Resident 
of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Washington, D. C, June 7, 
19 18, as machinist's mate 2nd class, aviation section, U. S. 
naval reserve. Trained at League Island Navy Yard, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. Served at naval aviation camps in Pauillac, France, 
and Eastleigh, England. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
10, 1918, arriving at Brest, >^rance, July 21, 1 9 1 8. Returned 
to XJ. S. Dec. 16, 1918, discharged Feb. i, 1919- 



NEEDHAM, Melvin Austin. (14) Fireman Second 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. D. \V. Needham, 
Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Ogden, Iowa, June 24, 1890. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneai)olis, Minn., May 8, 19 18, as 
apprentice for fireman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., 
assigned to LT. S. S. Virginia at Hampton Roads, \'^a. Embarked 
from Base 2, Yorktown, Va., Oct. 9, igi8, arriving at Brest, 
France. Oct. 21, 1918. Made seven trans- Atlantic trips. Re- 
turned to LT. S. July 4, 1919, released to inactive duty at Minne- 
apolis, Minn.. July 18, 1919. 



LARSEN, Charles W. (7) Landsman Electrician. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. W. Larstn, Sherburn, 
Minn. 

Born at Sherburn, Minn., May 26, 1892, where he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 26, 19 18, as landsman elec- 
trician, radio. U. S. N. Trained at Dunwoody Institute, Minne- 
apolis, and U. S. naval radio school at Harvard University, 
Cambridge, Mass., serving at the latter place until discharged Feb. 
15, 1919. 

LEWIS, Will, (s) Fireman First Class. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Fred Lewis, Truman, Minn. 

Born at Searenville, 111.. March 9, 1897. Resident of Winne- 
bago, Minn., when enlisted at Portland, Oregon. June 3, 19 18, 
as fireman 3rd class, LT. S. N. Assigned to receiving ship at 
Puget Sound. Wash. Also trained at U. S. Training Station, 
Bremerton, Wash., and U. S. S. West IClcajon. Transferred 
to New York and assigned to U. S. S. Prinz l''riedrick Wilhelm. 
Made three trips with troops between Brest and Hoboken. Dis- 
charged at Hoboken, N. J., Nov. 25, 1919. 



NELSEN, Fred J. (15) First Class Baker. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Nelsen, Dtinnell, Minn. 
Born at Cook County, III., May 7, 18S9. Emidoyed at High- 
light, Wyoming, when enlisted at Minneapolis, ^linn., July 16. 
19 1 8, as baker in LT. S. N. Trained at Dunwoody Institute, 
Minneapolis, also at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, \'a. Assigned to 
sea duty on LT. S. S. "Elsol" in November, 1918, making six 
trips in the transport service. Released to inactive duty at 
Minneapolis. Minn., Sept. 2, 19 ig. 



NELSON, George Edward. (10) Machinist's Mate 
First Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. G. O. Nel- 
son, Fairmont. Minn. 

Born at Moline, 111., Nov. 24. 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 25, 19 18, as 
landsman for machinist's mate, U. S. Navy, naval aeronautics. 
Trained at U. S. Naval Air Station at Pensacola, Florida. Dis- 
charged Feb. 27, 19 19. 



213 



NICHOLSON, William H. (l) Machinist's Mate 
Second Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Nichol- 
son, Chicago, III. 
Born at Chicago, III.. Sept. 28. 1896. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July 19, 1918, as landsman 
for machinist's mate, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, ]11. 
Released to inactive duty at Great Lakes. 111., April 12, 1919. 



NONNEMAN. Frank C. {?,) Machinist's Mate First 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Nonneman, Fra- 
ser Township, Martin County. Minn. 

Born March 26, 1896. at Iroquois County. III. Resident of 
Fraser Twp. when cnlislrd a Minneapolis, Minn.. Jan. 27, 1918. 
as landsman for machinist mate, naval air service. Assigned 
to 1st Squadron Aerial Training Gunners, Pensocola, Florida. 
Discharged March 29, 1919. 



NORDSTROM, Carl August. (3) Seaman Second 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. August Nordstrom, 
Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Triumph, Minn., Sept. 4, 1899, and resident thereof 
when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 7, 191 8, as appren- 
tice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Discharged 
at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 8, 1919. 



ipi8, as landsman quartermaster in naval aviation. Trained at 
Great Lakes, 111., and Pensacola, Fla., where he served as a 
machinist on naval aeroplanes in an expert capacity. Released 
to inactive duty at Pensacola, Fla., March 25, 1919. 



SWEARINGEN, John Arthur. (10) First Class 
Electrician, Radio. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. T. 
Swearingen, Fairmont, Minn. 
Burn at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 3, 1895, where he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. i, 191 7, as landsman for 
electrician, radio, U. S. naval reserve force. Trained at Great 
Lakes, 111., and at U. S. Naval Wireless Telephone School, 
Harvard L^niversity. Cambridge, Mass. Served as instructor in 
wireless telejihony in school at New London, Conn. Released 
to inactive duty at New London, Conn., Jan. 9, 1919. 



TANNER, Chester O. (11) Captain. Son of Mrs. 

Martha Tanner. Fairmont, Minn. 
r.orn Jan. 27, 1892. at Fairmont. Minn. Married, i child. Resi- 
dent of Minneapolis, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, April 
I J, 1917. as Lt. Jr. Grade. Medical Corps. U. S. N. Trained 
at Great Lakes, 111. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., May 31, 
1917, remaining on duty in foreign waters or abroad until May 
24, 1919. Served with destroyer patrol in English channel, with 
navy Base Hospital at Brest and as member of navy operation 
team at Chateau Thierry, June to Sept., 1919- Still in service 
Sept. I, 1920. 



OLSON, Knute Oscar. (4) Electrician Second Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Gus Olson, Dunnell, Minn. 
Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
when enlisted at Chicago, 111., March 8, 1918, as landsman for 
electrician, U. S. N. Trained at Newport, Rhode Island, and 
at Electrical School, Hampton Roads, Va. Discharged Feb. 28, 
1919. 



PACKARD, Dale Henry. (5) Fireman Third Class. 

Son of Mrs. Mary Packard, Ceylon. Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Aug. 4. 1S96. Resident of Ceylon, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., July 30, 1918, 
as apprentice seaman. U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. 
Discharged at Norfolk, Va., Jan. 24, 19 19. 



PETERSON, Wallace E. (G) Musician First Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Peterson, Dunn ell, 
Minn. 

Born Oct. 22, 1889, at Boone county, Iowa. Resident of Bunnell, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 7, 191 7, for 
service in the navy as a musician. Trained at Great Lakes, 
111. Served at LT. S. Submarine Base and Aero Station. Cocosolo, 
Canal Zone, April 17, 1918 to August i, 19 19. Discharged 
Aug. I, 1 919, at Cocosolo, Canal Zone. Returned to U. S. 
Sept. 6, 1919- 



SALZMAN, Walter Henry. (7) Seaman Second 
Class. Son of ^ir. and Mrs. F. W. Salzman. Tri- 
umph, Minn. 
Resident of Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, when enlisted June 
5, 1918. at Peoria. 111. as seaman 2nd class, U. S. naval reserve. 
Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Transferred to Naval Training 
Station at Detroit, Mich. Discharged at Detroit, Mich., Feb. 
26, 1919. 



SPIEGLER, Harry Marten. (S) Seaman First Class. 

Son of I\ir. and Mrs. Wm. Spiegler, Triumph. 
Minn. 

Born at Martin County, Minn., Jan. 27, 1897. Resident of 
Galena Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn., June 1, 1918, as apprentice seaman in U. S. N. Sent to 
Bremerton, Wash., for training. Assigned to U. S. S. Gotomeka 
at Seattle. Embarked from Seattle Aug., 1918. Took cargo 
to South America (Quillata. Chili J, cargo of saltpeter to New 
Orleans, then to France with cargo, arriving St. Nazaire, Nov. 
10, 1918 — three trips in all. Returned to U. S. June, 1919. Dis- 
charged at Minneapolis, Minn., June 13, 1919. 



SWANSON, John Edwin. (U) Machinist's Mate 
First Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Swanson, 
Dunnell, Minn. 

Born at Lake Fremont Twp.. Martin County, May 23, 1890. and 
resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Feb. 2, 



THOMAS, James Russell. (12) First Lieutenant, 
U. S. Navy Medical Corps, Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
David Thomas, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 22, 1890. Resident of Chicago, 
111., when enlisted at Great Lakes, 111., in April, 1917, as medical 
officer in Navy Medical Corps. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., 
and at Base 17, Alness, Scotland. Assigned to duty on board 
"Nucleus" at Liverpool. England. Embarked from New York. 
May 7, 19 18, and remained in service in foreign waters until 
the cessation of hostilities. Returned to V. S. on leave in Sept. 
1919, then assigned to station in island of Guam, South Seas. 
Still in service Sept. i, 1920. 



TRUE, Howard Victor. (13) Seaman Second Class. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. L. True, Granada, Minn. 
Born Sept. 23, 1895, at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, and 
resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., April 4, 
19 1 8, as apprentice seaman, L^^. S. N. Served at Great Lakes, 
111., and on training ship "Connecticut" at Norfolk, Va. Dis- 
charged at Minneapolis, Minn., Feb. 16, 1919- 



WADE, Harold Eugene. (14) Quartermaster Avia- 
tion Second Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. E. 
Wade, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Sheldon, Iowa, Oct. 4, 1888. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 28, 1918, as 
landsman for quartermaster, aviation. U. S. naval reserve. 
Trained at Dun woody Institute, Minneapolis. Transferred to 
receiving shij) at Philadelphia, Pa. Embarked from Philadel- 
phia, via Quebec, U. S. S. "Beltana" Sept. 10, 1918, arriving 
at Plymouth. England, Oct. 11, 1918. Served at Naval Air 
Stations at Killingholme, England, and Brest, France. Returned 
to U. S. Nov. 24, 1918. released to inactive duty at Pelham 
Bay Naval Station, N. Y., Dec. 22, 1918. 



WALKER, Clarence Alfred. (15) Seaman. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. John H. Walker, Yorkville, 111. 
Born at Kane County, 111., Jan. 26, 1897. Resident of Fairmont 
Twp., Martin County, when enrolled June 29, 1918, as apprentice 
seaman in the naval reserve, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
111. Performed duty at Naval Rifle Range. \'a.. Caldwell, N. J., 
and receiving ship, New York. Released to inactive duty at 
Great Lakes, 111., Aug. 30, 1919. 



WILLIAMS, Charles Oliver. (16) Carpenter's Mate 
Second Class. Son of John T. Williams, Whiting, 
Kansas. 

Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Nov. 27, 1917, as fireman in U. S. N. Trained at Great 
Lakes, 111., and battle ship "Maine." Assigned to U. S. S. 
Agamemnon at New York, March 21, 19 18. Made thirteen trips 
between Hoboken and Brest. Was in one submarine attack. 
Transferred to U. S. S. Charleston (protected cruiser) and made 
voyage from New York to Bremerton, Wash., via Virgin Islands 
and Panama Canal. Discharged at Denver, Colo., July 6, i9'9- 



215 




WILLIAMS, Chester Abbie. (l) Seaman Second 
Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Williams, Ma- 
son City, Iowa. 
Born at Madelia, Minn., July 8, 1893. Resident of Triumph, 
Minn., when enlisted at Des Moines, Iowa, Dec. 11, 191 7, as 
apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Trans- 
ferred to Naval Air Station at Long Island, X. Y. Discharged at 
Great Lakes, 111., June 28, 1919. 



WOOD, RoUo George. (4) Pharmacist's Mate First 

Class. Son of W. G. Wood, Granada, Minn. 
Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Sept. 16, 1898. 
Resident of Grenada when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. 
15, 1916, as apprentice in hnspital corps, U. S. N. Trained at 
naval hospital corps school at Newport, R. I. Transferred to 
Naval Hospital at Port Royal. S. C, when war hegan. Transferred 
to Marine Barracks, Philadelphia Navy Yard, for overseas duty 
with 6th Marines at Naval Base Hospital No. i. Arrived at 
Brest, France. Nov. 2, 19 17, remaining on duty abroad until 
troops were returned to U. S. Discharged August, 1920. 



WENBERG, Walter E. (2) Chief Yeoman. Son of 

Mr. and Airs. August Wcnberg, DunncU, Minn. 
Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, June 26, 1890. 
Married. Resident of Dunnell. !Minn., when enlisted at Minne- 
apolis, Minn., May 5, 1917, as landsman for Yeoman. U. S. N. 
Trained at Newport. R. I. and U. S. Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Made three trans- Atlantic trips with troops and supplies. On 
"Scranton" when disabled by storm and compelled to return 
to port. Discharged at Brooklyn, N. Y., May 24, 1919. 



WOLLIN, Richard Henry. (5) Quartermaster, Avi- 
ation, Second Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank 
Wollin, Utica, Minn., where he was born Feb. 7, 
1S90. 
Married. Principal of schools at Truman, Minn., when enlisted 
at Minneapolis, ^linn., June 10, 1918, as landsman for aviation, 
U. S. N. Sent to Dunwoody Institute, Minneapolis, for training. 
Transferred to receiving ship at Philadelphia, Pa. Assigned later 
to active duty at LT. S. Naval Air Station at Chatham, Mass., 
lemaining there until released to inactive duty at Boston, ilass., 
Jan. 14, 1919. 



WINZENBERG, William Henry. (3) Chief Machin- 
ist's Mate. Son of Mrs. Maud Winzenberg, Gran- 
ada. Minn. 

Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Minn., Oct. 21, 1891. 

Resident of Granada, Minn., when enlisted Feb. 24, 19 13. 

Continuously in service and re-enlisted at Minneapolis, ]Minn.. 

July 12, 1917. Served on U. S. S. Princess Irene, Comfort and 

Druid. Served in Mediterranean waters Oct., 191 7 to Dec, 

1918. Released to inactive duty Jan. 20, 1919, at New London, 

Conn. 



YOUNGDALE, C. J. (6) Machinist's Mate First 

Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Youngdale, 

Fairmont, Minn. 
Born in Sweden, Feb. 21. 1898. Resident of East Chain Twp., 
Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July 5, 
1918, as apprentice for macliinist's mate, U. S. N. Trained at 
Dimwoody Institute, Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to New 
York and assigned to L'. S. S. Orizaba. Embarked from New 
\'ork Feb. 2^, 1919. Made seven trips with transports to St. 
Nazaire, Brest, Bordeaux and Cherbourg. Returned to U. S. 
Aug. 29, 1919, discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 8, 1919- 



216 



No photographs were obtainable of the following Martin County men who 

served in the navy, though their service records are complete. 



HART, Carroll Henry. Seaman Second Class. 

Parents deceased. l^iorn at West Union, 111., June i , 1897. 
Resident of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Indianapolis, Ind., 
April 8. 1918, as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great 
Lakes, 111. Assigned to U. S. S. Minnesota. Discharged at Phil- 
adcliihia, Pa., Jan. 16, 1919. 



KROST, Walter George. Seaman. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. John Krost, Mankato, Minn. 
Born at Mankato, Minn.. March i r. 18S9. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., April 17, 1918, 
as apprentice seaman in U. S. N. Assigned to Great Lakes, 111., 
for training and duty. Discharged at that place June 7. 1919. 



LARSEN, Daniel Einer. Seaman Second Class. Son 

of Jolin Larsen. Sherbiirn, Minn. 
Born at Sherburn, Minn., Sept. 15. 1S99, and resident thereof 
when enlisted May i. 1917, at Minneapolis, Minn., as appren- 
tice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, III. Assigned 
to U. S. S. Minnesota, serving thereon from Nov., 1917, to March, 
1918. Later on U. S. S. DeKalb until discharged at Minneapolis, 
Minn., Sept. 26, 1919. 



MARLEY, Isa H. Seaman. Son of I. H. Marley. 
Estherville, Iowa. 

Born at Britt. Iowa. Aug. 12. 1S95. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., 
■when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., Aug, 6, 1917, as apprentice 
seaman, U. .S. N. After training period assigned to U. S. S. 
Mississippi. Served at sea until discharge at Minneapolis, Minn., 
July 21, 1919. 



ORBELL, Harry Gordon. Apprentice Seaman. Son 

of W. W. Orbell. Winnebago. Minn. 
Born at Winnebago, Minn., April 26, 1897. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when enlisted Tune i, 19 18, at Minneapolis, Minn., as 
apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and 
Rock Way, N. Y, Released at Minneapolis^ Minn., Aug. 18, 1919. 

SWEARINGEN. Fred Harold. Radio Electrician. 

Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Swcaringcn, Fairmont. 

Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 1892, and resided when en- 
rolled at Minneapolis, Minn., May 20, 1918, in U. S. naval reserve 
as a radio electrician. ' Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and trans- 
ferred to Naval Operating Base at Ilampton Roads, \'a., later to 
U. S, Naval Radio School at Cambridge, Mass. Released at 
Minneapolis, Minn.. Feb. 16, 1919. 

SWANSON, George Richard Alexander. Seaman. 

Son of Andy Swanson, Milaca, Minn. 
Born at Des Moines, Iowa, Aug. 22, 1894. Resident of Triumph. 
Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 5, i9i7» ^s 
apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and 
receiving ship "Philadelphia." Assigned to U. S. S. "Arizona." 
Embarked from Hamilton Roads. Va., Nov. 3, 1919, arriving 
abroad Nov. 29. 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 26, 1918. Dis- 
charged at Minneapolis, ]\Iinn.. Aug. 8, 1919- 

WHITE, Robert Edward. Pharmacist's Mate Sec- 
ond Class. Son of Airs. .Mary M. White, Shcr- 
l^urn, Alinii. 

Duni at Sherburn, Minn.. Dec. :;5, 1896, where he resided when 
enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., April 26, 1918, as hospital ap- 
prentice 2nd class, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and 
I)unwoody Institute, Minneapolis. .Assigned to U. S. S. Freedom. 
Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 26, 1918. 



Data on the following men of the navy is incomplete and pictures could 

not be obtained. 



BROOM, William Stanford. Sailor. 

r.orn in 1895. Xon-rcsident, home is at Mason, 111. Was em- 
ployed at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, w-hen enlisted 
in U. S. N. at Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 6, 1917. Was in service 
until after armistice. Did not return to Martin County. 



OLSON, Wilford E. Sailor. Son of Christian E. 

Olson, Fergus Falls, Minn. 
Ijorn in 1890. Non-resident, home is at Tacoma, Wash. Employed 
here when enlisted May 21, 1918, at Minneapolis in U. S. N. 



ERICKSON, Edward Walter. Sailor. Son of Mrs. 
C. E. Erickson, who formerly resided at Welcome, 
Minn. 



Enlisted in U. S. Navy July i, 1918 
for training. 



Sent to Great Lakes, 111.. 



FOX, Edward C. Sailor. 

Born in 1^94. Home is at LaCrosse, Wis. Employed in Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted June 6, 19 18 in U. S. Navy, at Milwaukee, 
Wis. No further record. Was discharged in 19 19 but did not 
return to this county. 



ROBERTS. Charles. Sailor. Raised by his rela- 
tives, Mr. and .Mrs. A. H. McLary of Fairmont, 
Minn. 

Was under age but enlisted and served in the navy. Did not 

return to Fairmont. 



SARTORIUS, Charles. Son of H. H. Sartorius, 

Welcome, Minn. 
Was employed at Monita, Iowa, and served in the navy. 



VAN BUSKIRK, Ira Alvin. Sailor. 

Was eiiiploved at Ceylon, Minn. Reported to have joined the 
navy at Kansas City, Mo., Feb. 2, 1918. Non-resident. 





!* 



K. J 




y\ 



J 



\ 








-A;=c 



..ifr. i 




ALLEN. Clair Hall. (1) Private. Son of Rev. Alice 
Allen, Truman, Minn. 

Born July 26, 1897, at Xiobe, New York. Resident of Truman, 
Minn., when enlisted. Enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 27, 1918, 
as private in marine corps. Assigned to 99th Co., U. S. M. C. 
Trained at Paris Island, S. C. ?!lmbarked from Charleston, S. C, 
Apr. 5, 1918, landing at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, May 3, 1918. 
Served in West Indies during war. Returned to U. S. March 
17, 1919. Released to reserve May 27, 1919, at Norfolk, Va. 



DAY. Stanley George. (9) Private. Son of Mr. and 

Mrs. A. W. Day, Fairmont. 

Born July 4, rSgi, at Bristol, England. Married. Resident of 
Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted June 7, 1918, at St. Paul, Minn., 
as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to i8ist Co. at 
Paris Island, S- C. Transferred to Co. D, 6th Bn., at Quantico, 
\'a., later to Co. D, 2nd Bn., 1st Trng. Regt., in France. There- 
after to Machine Gun Co., 5th Regt., in France. Embarked from 
Hoboken. N. J., in Aug., 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Aug, 
22, 1918. In Meuse-^Vrgonne offensive. Returned to U. S. 
May 8, 1919, and discharged May 23, 1919, at Quantico, Va. 



ALLEN, Thaddeus Stephenson. (2) Private. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Altx-rt R. Allen, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born Dec. 21, 1898, at Clear Lake, S. D. Resident of Fairmont, 
Minn., when enlisted at Mare Island, Calif., May 2, 1917, as 
private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 78th Co., 6th Regt., 
2nd Div., at Quantico, Va. Trained at Quantico, Va. and Mare 
Island, Calif. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 20, 1918, 
arriving at -St. Nazaire, France, Feb. 5, 19 iS. Was engaged 
at Belieau Wood, Chateau-Thierry, Mont Blanc, Chanipaigne 
and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed in action at Belieau Wood June 14, 
1918. Returned to U. S. April 26, 1919. Discharged at Phila- 
delphia Navy Yard, Pa., Aug. 22, 19 19. 



BIETH, Frank J. CO Private. Son of Mrs. Joseph 

Kieth, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn.. Dec. 26, 1898. 
Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., when 
enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 15, 19 18, as private in U. S. 
Marines. Assigned to 437th Co., Battalion A, at Paris Island, 
S. C. Discharged March 24, 1919, at Paris Island, S. C. 



FUNK, Albert Dean. (10) Private. Son of llr. and 
Mrs. Jason Funk, Keosauqua. Iowa, where he was 
born, March 5, 1891. 

Married, one child. Resident of Granada. Minn., when enlisted 
May 17, 1918, at Paris Island, S. C, as private in U. S. Marine 
Corps. Assigned to 93rd Co. at Paris Island, S. C. Transferred 
to Barracks Detachment at Norfolk, Va., and discharged at that 
place Aug. 26, 19 18, on account of physical disability. 



HAYWORTH, Purl G. UU Private First Class. 

Son of Mrs. Emsley Hayworth, Welcome, Minn. 
Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, Sept. 21, 1898. Resident 
of Welcome, Minn, when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 
13, 1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to Co. C, 
6th Training Bn.. Quantico, Va. Trained at Paris Island, S. C. 
Transferred in France to 8th Machine Gun Co., 5th Regt., "2nd 
Div., later to Hq. Co., same regiment. Embarked from Hoboken, 
N. J., Aug. iS, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 27, igi8. 
Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 3, 1919, 
discharged at Quantico, Va., Aug. 13, 1919. 



CAREY, Earl Vernon. (4) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Silas Carey, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born at Mil ford. Mo. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when en- 
listed at St. Paul. ^Minn.. Dec. 2, 1917, as a private in the U. S. 
Marine Corps. Assigned to 41st Co., 5th Regiment, 2nd Div. 
Trained at Paris Island, S. C., and Quantico, \'a. Embarked 
from New York City on Sept. 15, 1918. Arrived at Bordeaux, 
France. Sept. 28, 1918. Engaged against the enemy at Soissons, 
and on Verdun sector, Meuse-Argonne offensive. On provost 
duty at Cardiff, Wales, following armistice. Returned to U. S. 
July 3, 1919- Discharged at Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 20, 1919. 



CAREY, Franklin Pierce. (5) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Silas Carey, Sherburn, Minn. 

Born May 18, 1899, at Marcus, Iowa. Married, i child. Resi- 
dent of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., July 
29, 1918, as private in U. S- Marine Corps. Assigned to 344th 
Co. 15th Regt. Marines at Paris Island, S. C, later Quantico, 
Va. Transferred to 9th Co., loth Regt., Heavy Artillery (Mar- 
ines) at Indian Head, Maryland. Discharged at Quantico, Va. 
Feb. 7, 1919. 



CAREY, Walter Hill. (G) Corporal. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Silas Carey, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born July 22, 1895, at Marshall, Iowa. Resided at Sherburn, 
Minn., when enlisted. Enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 4, 1917, 
as private in Marines. Assigned to 136th Co., iitli Regt., U. S. 
M. C. at Quantico, \'a. Trained at Paris Island, S. C, and Nor- 
folk, Va. Embarked from Norfolk, \'a., June 4. 1918. Arrived at 
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. June 29, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
Aug. 13, 1919. Discharged Aug. 23, 1919, at Charleston, S. C. 



CARLSON, Albert Harold. (7) Corporal. Son of 

J. B. Carlson, Triumph, Minn. 

Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, April i, 1898. Resident 
of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Duluth, Minn., June 18, 
1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Sent to Paris Island, 
S. C, and assigned to 174th Co., 9th Kegt. Transferred to loth 
Co., 4th Regt. at Republic of San Domingo. Embarked from 
Charleston, S. C, July 11, igi8, arriving at San Domingo, 
July 24, 1918. Returned to U. S. Sept. 18, 1919, discharged 
at Charleston, S. C, Sept. 25, 19 19. 



COURTRIGHT, Vernon Claude. (S) Private. Son 

of Mr. and ]\lrs. L. J. Courtright, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born April 19, 1892, at Lincoln, Neb. Married, one child. Res- 
ident of Granada, Minn,, when accepted for enlistment at Minne- 
apolis, Minn., April 15, 1918. Sworn in at Paris Island, S. C. 
May 7, 1918, and assigned to 73rd Co. Transferred to 12th 
Co. and Brooklyn Navy Yards, N. Y. Discharged Feb. 22, 
1919, at Marine Barracks Navy Yard, N. Y. 



HERVEY, Walter. (i:>) Private. Parents deceased. 
Born Aug. 29, 1893, at Winnebago, Minn. Resident of Nash- 
viMl- Twp., Martin Lounty, Minn., when enlisted March 7, 1917, 
at St. Paul, Minn., as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned 
to 129th Co. at Mare Island. Calif. Transferred to Puget Sound, 
Wash., where he was discharged Aug. 5, 1919. 



HIATT, Clyde Henry, (n) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. W. H. Hiatt, Miller, S. D. 
Borii ^larch 20, 1890, at Dallas County, Iowa. Married, two 
children. Resident of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Paris 
Island, S. C, May 7, 1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. 
Assigned to 73rd Co., Bn. C.. at Paris Island, S. C. Transferred 
to Naval Headquarters Detachment and seit to Paris, France. 
Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 9, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
France, July 19, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 21, 19 19, dis- 
charged at Norfolk, Va., June 23, 1919. 



HOLTON, Arthur Ralph. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Elvin Holton, Paynsford, Montana. 
Resident of Welcome. Minn., when enlisted at Paris Island. S. C, 
June 13, 19 1 8, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 
54th company, 2nd Regt., ist Provisional Brigade at Paris Is- 
land. Embarked from Charleston, S. C, July 8, 1918, arriving at 
Cape Ilaitien. Republic of Hiati, July 25. 19 18. Stationed at 
that place until Oct. 3, 19 19, engaged in many skirmishes with 
and expeditions against native bandits. Returned to U. S. Oct. 
i5i 1919. discharged at Charleston, S. C, Oct. 20, 1919, 



LEVIN, David John. (15) Private. Son of Rev. and 

Mrs. R. A. Levin, Sherburn, Minn. 
Born at Neenah, Wis., Sept. 23, 1898. Resident of Sherburn, 
Alinn., when enlisted at St. faul, Minn., April 9, 1917, as private 
in Marine Corps. Assigned to Co. C, 2nd Section, at Mare 
Island, Calif., for training. Transferred to post band at Mare 
Island. Sent to Cavite, Philippine Islands, in October. 1917. 
Assigned to the post band, American legation, Pekin, China, the 
following month Embarked from San Francisco, Calif., Oct. 
5, 1 91 7. Returned to U. S. Oct. 9, 19 19, discharged at Mare 
island, Calif., Oct. 31, 1919. 



OLSON, Oscar Leonard. (16) Corporal. Son of 

Mr. and Mrs. Charley Olson, Odin, Minn. 
Born Sept. 28, 1893, at Cedar Twp., Martin County, and resi- 
dent thereof when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., May 10, igty, 
as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Trained at Marine Barracks, 
Norfolk, Va. Assigned to 135th Co., Anti-Air Craft En., at 
Quantico, Ya. Embarked from Norfolk, Va., Aug., 1918, Served 
in Haiti and the West Indies until May i, 1920. when he was 
returned to the U. S. for discharge. Operated on for appendi- 
citis and died at Charleston, S. C., May 17, 1920. Buried in. 
Swedish Lutheran cemetery. Cedar Twp. 



219 




PERSONIUS, Glen C. (U Sergeant. Son of Mr. 

and Mrs. Chas. A. Personius, Fairmont, Minn. 

Morn at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County. Jan. i8, 1890. Served 
ii regular army in Canal Zone as private'in 10th Inf., igi.vis. 
Kesident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul. Minn.. 
\rv. II, 1915, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Trained at 
Mare Island, Calif., leaving for Peking, China, March 6, 1916, 
as member of U. S. legation guard. Served at Peking until 
expiration of enlistment. Nov. ii, 1919, when he was assigned 
to duty in reserve as radio operator in American Radio Station 
in Peking. Still in service. Oct. i, 1920. 



PERSSON, Erick. (2) Private. Son of Nils Per- 
sson, Alonterey, Minn. 

Horn at that place Feb. 22, iSgg, and resident thereof when 
enlisted at St. Paul. Alinn., June 11, 1918, as private in U. S, 
Marine Corps. Assigned to i7gth Co. at Paris Island. S. C. 
Kmbarked from Charleston, S. C, July 11. 1918. arriving at 
I'eurta Plata, Dominican Republic, July 24. 19 18. Remained 
there seventeen months guarding country against bandits and 
revolutionists. Returned to U. S., Dec. 16, 1919. Discharged 
at Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 19, 1919. 



RIDGWAY, Jobe Mortimer. (3) Private. Son of Mr. 

and Airs. J. L. Ridgway. Sherbiirn, jMinn. 

Tlorn at Jay Twp., Martin County, Feb. 6, 1898. Resident of 
Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., April 22, 
1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 65th Co. at 
Paris Island, S. C. Transferred to duty with permanent rifle 
range detachment at Quantico, Va. Discharged Feb. 24, 1919. 



SMITH, Hanson Ambrose. (4) Private. Son of 

Henry D. Smith, Monterey, Minn. 
Born at Harp Station, III., Feb. 24, 1884. Resident of Cedar 
Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at ^larine Barracks, Port 
Koyal, S. C, May 7, 1917, as private in U. S. ^Marine Corps. 
Assigned to Hq. Co. 6th Marines. 2nd Div. Trained at Port Royal. 
S. C., and Qauntico, Va., until Oct., 1917- when he embarked 
from Philadelphia, Pa., arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Nov. 
If 1917. Trained in France until March 15, 1918, when he went 
into action near Verdun. Engaged at Belleau Woods Jiuie i 
to July 4, 191S, and near V'ierzy until wounded July 19, 191S. 
Was reported killed in action but recovered from his severe 
wounds. Received several citations from French and American 
headquarters for gallantry in action. Under hospital treatment 
July to Dec, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 2, igig, discharged 
at Quantico, \'a., June 19, 1919. 



STEWART, Elmer, co Private. Parents deceased. 

Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, July 9, 1888, and resident 
thereof when enlisted Oct. 23, 191S, at St. Paul, Minn., as 
[irivate in U. S. Marine Corps. Sent to Paris Island, S. C, 
and assigned to 447th Co.. Bn. C. Discharged at that place 
March 28. 1919- 



STEWART, Russell A. ((3) Private. Parents de- 
ceased. 
Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, July 21, 1910, and resident 
thereof when enlisted at St. l^aul. Minn.. Oct. 3, 1918, as private 
in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 404th Co. at Paris Island, 
S. C. Discharged at that place March 7, 1919. 



THOMSEN, Floyd Arthur. (7) Private. Son of 

Mr. and ]\lrs. Chris Thonisen, I-'airmont. !Minn. 
Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, July 3. 1S97. 
Resident of Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at 
Paris Island, S. C, June 13, 1918, as private in U. S. Marine 
Corps. Assigned to 62nd Co., 2nd Regt., ist Prov. M. C. Brigade, 
at Cape Haitien, Haiti. Embarked from Charleston, S. C, July 
8, 1918, arriving at Cape Haitien, July 25. 191S. Served in that 
country until Dec. 2, 1919. Participated in clearing the Republic 
of Haiti of bandits, March 10 to May 6, 1919. Returned to U. S. 
Dec. 15, 1919, discharged at Charleston, S. C, Dec. 20, 1919. 



TYLER, William Pedelty. (8) Private. Son of Mr. 

and !Mrs. John A. Tyler, Granada, Minn. 

Born Sept. 11, 1899. at Buffalo Center, Iowa. Resident of 
Granada, !Minn., when enlisted at Paris Island, S. C, Oct. 26, 
1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 395th 
Co., at Paris Island. S. C. Transferred to 6ist Co., later to 
6oth Co. at Navy Yard, New York. Discharged at Marine Bar- 
racks, Navy Yard, Brooklyn, Sept. 15, 1919. 



220 



No photographs were available of the following men 
who served in the marines. 



ANDERSON, Axel. Private First Class. Son of 
Mrs. Johanna Johanson, Jonkoping, Sweden. 

Born at Jonkoping. Sweden, March 26, 1S92. Resident of 
Triumpli, Minn., when enlisted j\lay 24, 1917, at St. Paul. Minn., 
as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 74th Co., 6th 
Regt. U. S. M. C, 2nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
April 28, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Atay 8, 1918. In all 
activities and battles of the Marine Corps brigade, 2nd Div., 
from June 22, 1918, until its return to the U. S. Engaged at 
Chateau-Thierry and Aisne-Marne. Serious shrapnel wound in 
head, July 22, 1918, but recovered and rejoined his command for 
the engagements of St. Mihiel, Champaigne and Meuse-Argonne. 
Awarded good conduct medal. Returned to U. S- Aug. 8, 1919, 
discharged at Quantico, Va., Aug. 13, 1919. 

GILBERT, Walter Roscoe. Private. Son of Mrs. 

Helen Ciilbert, l-'airniont, At inn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 18, 1897. Married, 2 children. 
Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted in U. S. Marine Corps 
at St. Paul. Minn., July 14, 1918. Sent to Paris Island, S. C., 
and assigned to 243rd Co. Transferred to Quantico, Va. Dis- 
charged at Quantico, \'a., Dec. 14, 1918, on medical survey. 



HARTUNG. Walter H. Private. Son of Mr. and 
Mrs. C. H. Hartung, Welcome, Minn. 

Born at Welcome, Minn., Jan. 4, 1895. Resident of Welcome 
when enlisted June 29, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn., as private 
in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to training group at Paris 
Island, S. C. Transferred to Co. A, nth Regt. U. S. M. C, at 
Quantico, Va. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa.. Sept. 2g, 1918, 
arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 13, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
July 23, 1919, and discharged at Quantico, \'a., Aug. 13, 1919. 



NUGENT, Roy. Cook First Class. Son of Mr. 
and Mrs. Thomas Nugent, Truman. Minn. 

Born at Howard County, Iowa, Oct. 1 1. 1S96. Resident of 
Westford Twp., Martin County, Minn., when enrolled in the 
U. S. Marine Corps at St. Paul, Minn., Feb. i, 19 18. As- 
signed to general duty at Marine Barracks, Paris Island, S. C. 
Later to Marine Det. at Xaval Academy. Annapolis. Md. Re- 
leased to inactive duty at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 18, 191S. 



221 



With Our Canadian Allies 

In the glorious record of our Canadian allies dur- 
ing four long years of splendid battle field achievement 
Martin county has a modest share. 

Nine men from this county, impatient at our 
country's delay in entering a struggle which they recog- 
nized as their own, or for other reasons, served under 
the Canadian colors. One gave his life as a soldier of 
the Dominion. Five others suffered wounds or injury 
from the hellish gas fumes of the Htm. 

At Ypres, at Messines Ridge, at the Somme, at 
Vimy Ridge, at Paschendale, at Amiens, Arras and 
Cambria, Martin covmty men fought side be side with 
their Canadian brothers in the common cause, and 
Martin county blood was spilled upon the fields of con- 
flict. 

Martin county is proud to honor the following 
adventurous, brave, and patriotic men who served under 
an allied flag, equally at least with those who went 
forth under the Stars and Stripes. 



222 




NICKERSON, Arthur William George. (1) Private. 

Sun of Rev. E. J. Nicker son, Cleghorn. Iowa. 

Born at Montgomery Falls. Quebec, Canada. Dec. i8, 1897. 
Resident of Truman. Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
May 27, 19 1 8, as private in Canadian Engineers. Trained for 
a short period in Canada. Kmbarked Irom Halifax, .\'. S., Aug. 
4, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. England, Aug. 15, 1918. Trained 
as macliine gunner at Sea ford, Sussex, England. Returned to 
U. S. June 20, 1919, discharged at \'ancouver, B. C. June 26, 

IQIO. 

NIELSON, Emanuel Carl, ci) Private. Son of Mr. 
and ^Irs. Xils C Nielson, Ilobro, Denmark. 

Born at Aarlius, Denmark, June 2^, iSgi. Married, 2 children. 
Resident of Eairmunt, Minn., when enlisted at Vancouver, B. C, 
Sept. I, 1915, as private in infantry of the Canadian army. As- 
signed to 47th Battalion Infantry, Canadian Expeditionary Force. 
Trained at Vernon. B. C. Transferred in England to ist Bn., 
Inf., C. E. F. Embarked from Montreal, Canada, Nov. 30, 
1915, arriving at Liveri)ool. England, Dec. 14, 1915. Engaged 
at Messines Ridge, Ypres, first Battle of the Somme and Vimy 
Ridge. Gassed slightly at Vjires. Permanently disabled through 
"wounds at \'imy Ridge. Struck by high explosive in back. In 
hospital 13 months, then invalided home for disability discharge. 
Arrived at puebec, April i, 1918, discharged at Winnipeg, April 
6, 1918. 

PETERSON, Edward Neidorf. (.3) Corporal. Son 

of Mr. and Mrs. Godske Peterson, Triumph, Minn. 
Born at Chicago, 111., Aug. 22, 1S94. Employed at Neuchatel, 
Alberta, Canada, when enlisted at Edmonton, Alberta, ^farch 
8, 19 1 6, as private in Canadian volunteer infantry. Assigned 
to Co. C, 194th Regt. at Edmonton. Alberta. Also trained at 
several camps in England. Transferred to 19th Reserves, later 
to 49th Battalion at Bramshott, England; to 7th C. R. T. at 
Puifleet, England. Embarked from Canada about Nov. i, 1916, 
arriving at English port Nov. 7th and at French port, Feb. 8, 
191 7. Shortly afterward was returned to England for hospital 
treatment for blood poisoning. Left for France again June 2, 

1917, in draft for 7th C. R. T. Wounded Dec. i, 19 17. Re- 
leased from hospital and returned to front Feb. 27, 19 18. 
Evacuated as a gas casulty from Pieppe Forest in April, 1918. 
Rejoined his command on the Somme, Aug. 17, 1918. Engaged 
in 19 1 7 in following battles: Ypres campaign, Menin Road, 
Whyteschaefe, Pilken Ridge, Pocapelle and Paschendaele; in 

1918, Somme retreat. Somme advance. Arras, Cambria Campaign 
and the retaking of Mons. Nov. 11, 1918. With Army of Occu- 
pation in Germany. Returned to Canada, June 13. 1919, dis- 
charged in Toronto, Canada, June 15, 1919, reaching his home 
at Triumph, Minn.. June 22. 1919- 

PRICE, Merlin Glendower. (4) Private. Son of Mrs. 

Catherine Price, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., April i8, 1890. Employed at Calvary, 
Alberta, when enlisted March 27, 1918, as gunner in heavy 



artillery, Canadian Expeditionary Forces. Trained in Canada 

and at Witley Camp, England. Embarked from Halifax, May 3, 

igi8, returning to Canada July -'4, 1919. Discharged July 29, 
1919. 

SHERMAN, Fernon S. (.5) Private. Son of Mr. ami 

Mrs. C. B. Sherman, Ceylon, Minn. 
Born Jan. 6, 1889, at .Sherburn, Minn. Resident of Ceylon. Minn., 
when enlisted at Winnipeg, Canada. Aug. 20, 1918, after un- 
successful attempts to join the U. S. forces. Assigned to ist 
Depot Bn.. Manitoba Regiment, Canadian army. Trained 2nd 
I' tig. Military Dist. No. 10, St. John's Quebec. Transferred tn 
2nd Depot Bn., Quebec, at Montreal, Canada. Discharged Dec. 
13, 1918, at Winnipeg, Canada. 



SMITH, Leo E. (tl) Gunner. Son of Mrs. Stella 

Teeter, Mankato, Minn. 
Born in Blue Earth County, Minn., in 1S93. Resident of Fair- 
mont, Minn., when enlisted in the South Saskatchewan Bn. of 
Infantry at Camp Sewell, Manitoba, March 2, 19 15. Left for 
overesas Aug. 10, 1915. Instructor in machine gun school at 
Shornciffe, England, until Feb. 3, 1916. Went to tlie front 
.\pril 10, 1915, with Canadian Machine Gun Corps. In action 
at Vpres and the Somme. \\'ounded slightly at the Somme. 
Buried in mine explosion at \'imy Ridge Oct. 25, 1916. Gassed 
at Vimy Ridge April 10. 1917, and evacuated to hospitals in 
France, England, Scotland and Canada. Returned to Canada, 
Dec. 5, 1918, nd discharged as no longer fit for duty, with pen- 
sion. Was last assigned to loth Canadian Machine Gun Corps. 
Married. 



WALKER, George Robert. (7) Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
L. B. Walker, r'airmont, Minn. 

Born at Tenliassen Twp., .Martin County, Muin., Feb. 25, 1S90. 
Married, four children. Resident of Erskine, Alberta, Canada, 
when enlisted March i, 1918, as private in infantry of the 
Canadian Expeditionary Forces. Assigned to Co. B, ist Depot 
Bn., Alberta. Embarked from Halifax, March 2i, 1918. Ar- 
rived at C^lasgow, April 2, 1918. Transferred at Bramshott, 
England, to 21 si Reserves. Later transferred to loth Canadian 
Bn., 2nd Brigade, ist Div. Engaged at Amiens, Arras, Villers 
Le Cagnecourt, Cambria and other minor engagements. Gassed 
at Cambria Sept. 27, 1918. Arrived back in Canada, July 25, 1919. 
Discharged Aug. i, 1919. 



GRIFFITHS, Dan William. 

Was employed at Sherburn. Minn., before enlisting in the early 
part of the' war with a Canadian Field Artillery at Winnipeg. 
Was gassed and wounded. Returned to Minnesota after discharge 
but no longer resident of Martin County. No further record. 



233 



Martin County's Service Women 

While in the main it was the part of the patriotic 
women of Martin county to keep the home fires burning 
in service behind the Hnes and far removed from the 
theater of operations a smuU number of young women 
were accepted for active service. Many others stood 
ready and willing but no department of the service was 
open to them. 

Seven names comprise the list of the county's service 
women. Three of them served in the hospitals and camps 
of France, the others at posts within the United States. 
Women's work with the armies is no less important than 
that of the fighting men. In this war, more than in any 
other, the women were permitted to play an important 
part. Those who served with the colors will be held in 
life-long affection by their masculine comrades, especial- 
ly those whom the fortunes of war sent to beds of pain 
and suffering. There are many among the returned 
service men of Martin county whose lives had gone out 
but for the gentle and skilled ministrations of the army 
nurses. 

All honor to the brave women who wore the uniform. 



324 




BETZ, Neven Ottillia. (1) Daushter of Mr. and Mrs. 
I'*rf(l \V. Hetz, I''airmont. Minn. 

H()Si)ital and Canteen Worker, American Red Cross. IJorn at 
I'airmunt, Minn., Sept. 3, i8g2. Kmpltiycd at (Ireat Palls, Mont., 
when enlisted at that place June i8, 19 18, as hospital hut and 
canteen worker in the Red Cross. ICmharkcd from ( )uehec, 
Canada, Sept. 25. 1918, arriving at LeIIavre. Krance, Oct. 0. 

19 18. Worked 6 months at Is-sur-Tillc, France. .3 months in 
Trier, Germany, and one month with the I'rench at Chant illy. 
French Head(|uarters. Served in innnediate rear of figliting 
area. Returned to U. S. Aus- i. 1919, -ui'l discharged Aug. 2, 

19 19, at New ^'ork City. 

CORY, Helen (Mrs. U. V. Millican). (:.') Nurse. 

DaughtiT of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Cory, Iviinimnl, 

Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 7, 1897. Resident of rairmont, 
when enlisted in .Tuly, 1918, as student nurse in U. .S. Army. 
Assigned to .\rmy Training Scliool for Nurses at Camp Dodge. 
Iowa. Served at Camp Dodge. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
April t8, 1919. During her period of service was married to 
Lt. U. V. Millican. 

CONKLIN, Francis (Mrs. O. D. Richardson). (:i) 
Nurse. Dauglitcr ol Mr. and Mrs. S. T. Conkliii, 
Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., July 29, 189S, where she resided 
when enlisted as a student nurse. Camp Jackson, S. C. Sept. 12, 
1918, and was passed into immediate service on account of an 
influenza epidemic. .•\ssigned to laboratory duty and scheduled 
for transfer to this work at I'aris. France, when tiie war ended. 
Discharged Dec. 23, igi8. 

DEAN, Marjorie Lewis. (4) Psycho Therapist. 

Daughter of Jtulge and Mrs. E. C. Dean, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Pipestone, Minn., July 26, 1894. Resident of I^airmonl, 
Minn., when entering service. After extensive training period 



was regularly enrolled, .'\pril ig, 1919. as Psyco Therapist in the 
reconstruction department of W.'dter Reed General Hospital, 
Washington, 1). C, Served until July, 1920. 



EDWARDS, Mava Mazelle. (r,) Nurse. DauRhter 
of .\lr. .md .Mrs. E. J. lulvvards, Fairmont, Minn., 

Born at l-"airmont, Minn., March 25, 1894, where she resided 
when enlisted at Camp Grant, 111., .Xug. ts, 1918, as a_ nurse 
in the .-\rmy School of Nursnig, Army Nurse Corps, Trained at 
(.'amp (Jrant^ 111., transferring to Base Hospital No. 32 at Chicago, 
and later to I'. S. General Hospital No. 28 at l'"t. Sheridan, 111. 
kemained in the service at conclusion of the war and still in 
service Oct. I, 1920. 



SIEBURG, Dorothy Caroline. (6) Army Nurse. 

Dangliter of Mr. and Mrs. Win. Sieburg, Fairmont, 

Minn. 
Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 25, 1892, where she resided when 
enlLstcd, Feb. 15, 1918, in Ibe Army Nurse Corps, American 
Red Cross. Assigned to CantonmcTit Base Ilosiiital, Camp Cus- 
ter, Mich., for training. Transferred in France to Base Hospital 
.\o. 68. Mars Center, later to Base Hospital No. 9,i at Cannes. 
Kmbarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Aug. 16. 1918. arriving at Le- 
IIavre, France. Sept. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 28, 1919, 
discharged July 28, 1919. 



EGLIN, Elizabeth Gertrude. Nurse. Mrs. Mary 
li. Eglin, mother, Granada, Minn. 

Born at .\nderson, Indiana, Dee. 11, 1868. Resident of Granada, 
Minn., when enlisted .\ug. $. 19'8. in army ninse corps. As- 
signed to Unit 64, American Red Cross, New York City. Trans- 
ferred to Camp Custer, Michigan. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
J., Sept. 25, 1918, arriving at Brest, I'rance, Oct. 4, igi8. 
Served at Brest, Rimaucourt and Rccy-surOurce. Returned to 
U. S. Feb. 3, 1918, discharged at New York, h"eb. 27, 1918. 



225 



Y. M. C. A. Secretaries 






RICHARDSON, Ralph Joseph. (1) Ralph Joseph. 

Y. M. C. A. Secretary. Son of Dr. and ^Irs. W. 

J. Richardson, Fairmont, Minn. 
Born at Fairmont. Minn.. Dec. 14, 1886. Married. Resident 
of Hanover, New Hampshire, when entered Y. M. C. A. work on 
Oct. I, 1918. Assigned at Y. M. C. A. Secretary to S. A. T. C. 
unit at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N, H. Released June 30, 
1919- 



TIMMS, Clarence J. {::) Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 

JJorn :a Church, Michigan, Dec. 20, 1881. Married, 2 children. 
County superintendent of Martin County when enlisted for 
Y. M. C. A. work June 9, 1918. Trained at Columbia University, 
New York, and at Paris, France. Embarked from New York, 
June 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, about July 6. 
1918. Spent 14 months with American Expeditionary Forces 
in France and with Army of Occupation in Germany. Discharged 
upon reaching Xew York City on Aug. 4, 1919. 




^ 





WOLFE, Horace Elmore. (:jj Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 
Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. K. Wolfe, Kellog, Minn. 

Born at Kellog, Minn., Feb. ig, 1879. Married, 5 children. 
Resident of Fanmont, Minn., when enrolled as Y. M. C. A. 
secretary, June 12, 191 8. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., 
June 28, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 15, 1918. 
Stationed at Chat illion-sur- Seine with 2nd Army Corps School. 
Also as hut director and educational director near Bordeaux 
and later at LaRcchelle. Returned to U. S. Jan. 7, 1919. 



POTTER, George Henry. (4) Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 

Son of Mrs. Julia Potter, Triumph, Minn. 
Resident of Clalena Twp., Martin County, where he was born 
Feb. II. 1884, when entered service in June, 19 18. Trained at 
New York City. On duty as Y. M. C. A. secretary at Camp 
Hancock, Ga., and Paris Island, S. C. Discharged in February, 
1919. 



226 



ALLIED LEADERS 




\ A: 

DAVID LLOYD GEORGF 




GEORGES CLEMENCEAU 




KIMG ALBERT 




CHAPTER XIII. 



Narrative of the World War 



1914 

June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, neph- 
ew of the Austrian Emperor, and heir to the tlirone. 
was assassinated together with his wife at Sarajevo, 
Bosnia, by Gavrio Prinzip, a Serbian student. 
The assassination was due to bitter enmity between 
the Serbian and Austrian governments and was 
committed by a youthful fanatic. It has never been 
shown that the Serbian government was in any way 
a party to the plot which culminated in the death of 
the Austrian archduke and furnished the immediate 
excuse for the greatest war of history. 

Few in America at least foresaw in any degree 
the tremendous effect that this murder was to have 
upon all the nations of the world. It was but cas- 
ually noted in the news dispatches of the American 
press and impressed the public mind only as a rather 
unusual deed of violence done in a remote part of 
the world and of no great concern to America. It 
was little realized at that time to what an extent the 
world has become a mere neighborhood, the occur- 
rences in one national household being of powerful 
effect upon all others. 

While this assassination is popularly given as the 
direct cause of the war the basic and indirect causes 
are much more far reaching and have not, as yet, 
been fully and cogently set forth b^' any generally 
accepted historian or statesman. An attempt has 
been made to epitomize them as follows: commer- 
cial and industrial rivalry, especially between Ger- 
many and Great Britain: international jealousy as to 
power; excessive armaments; growth of military 
castes; revenge resulting from prior conflicts; con- 
flict of national ideals or "culture;" conflict of de- 
mocracy as opposed to autocracy; personal ambi- 
tions of men high in power; secret treaties; inter- 
national intrigues and alliances and various other 
contributing factors which needed but an excuse, 
such as the royal assassination afforded, to precipi- 
tate nations into the horrors of war. For a genera- 
tion Europe had slumbered on a volcano, its na- 
tions, great and small, suspicious and distrustful of 
each other, its armies and navies ever in readiness 
for the struggle which had long been regarded as in- 
evitable. 

Ultimatum to Serbia. 

Austria-Hungary took radical measures against 
Serbia, delivering an ultimatum to that country on 
July 23, 1914. which allowed but 48 hours to comply 
with impossible conditions. This demand was con- 
strued by Serbia and her protector, Russia, as an 
interference with Serbia's sovereignty. July 25th a 
reply was returned to Austria-Hungary which was 
unsatisfactory. Diplomatic relations between the 
two countries were terminated and on July 27, 1914, 
war was formally declared by .Austria-Hun.gary. 
Fighting commenced immediately. Belgrade, the 
Serbian capital, was bombarded from the Austrian 
side of the river Danube. Russia, ally of Serbia, 
considered an attack on Serbia an affront against 
herself and commenced mobilizing armies. July 
31st, Germany, as Austria's ally, issued a 12-hour 
ultimatum to Russia demanding that mobilization 
be stopped. Denied certain assurances from Aus- 
tria, Russia continued mobilization. This caused 
Germany to declare war on August 1st. France at 
once began the mobilization of her armies and on 
Aug. 3 Germany declared war on France. 

Germany, armed and ready, with supreme confi- 
dence in the ability of her forces to crush all oppo- 
sition on land quickly and completely, at once moved 



upon France, invading Luxemburg and demanding 
of Belgium the right to pass through that coun- 
try and attack France at the most vulnerable point 
along the Franco-Belgian frontier. King Albert of 
Belgium withheld his consent on the ground that 
the neutrality of his countrj^ had been guaranteed by 
the powers of Europe, including Germany, and ap- 
pealed to England for diplomatic aid. On Aug. 4th 
Great Britain sent an ultimatum to Germany, de- 
manding that the neutrality of Belgium be respected. 
This was denied and Great Britain's declaration of 
war on Germany immediately followed. Italy, al- 
though a party to the Triple Alliance with Germany 
and Austria, took the stand that in a war of ag- 
gression it was her duty to remain neutral. 

By Aug. 15 Russia, England, France, Belgium, Ser- 
bia and Montenegro were at war with the Central 
Powers. Japan entered the struggle on .\ug. 23 and 
immediately lay siege to Germany's colonies in the 
far East. Turkey aligned herself with Germany on 
Oct. 29th and was herself attacked by both Great 
Britain and France a little later. By November ten 
nations were engaged in a war to the death with the 
remainder of Europe under arms and ready for even- 
tualities. The sudden advent of the war found many 
Americans traveling in Europe or engaged there in 
business. These suffered much discomfiture and 
hardship and Congress came to their relief with 
money appropriations while their return was the 
subject of delicate diplomatic e.xchan.ges. 

The first real fighting of the war took place at 
Liege, a strongly fortified Belgian city. The Ger- 
mans moved against this place on August 4th. So 
heroically did the Belgian army defend the city that 
it fell only after a siege of two weeks. There were 
fourteen days of fierce fighting during which the at- 
tacking forces of Germany suffered very heavy losses. 
The magnificent work of the Belgians was of the 
utmost importance as it delayed the German hordes 
and enabled France to prepare for defense and 
England to land troops on the Continent. Liege 
fell on Aug. IT. Three days later the Germans en- 
tered Brussels, the Belgian capital, which was not de- 
fended. The Belgian army retreated to Antwerp, 
accompanied by the Belgian government. Germany's 
armies swept on through Belgium, crossing into 
France at the end of August. In their march tliey 
took and partially destroyed Louvain, Charleroi and 
numerous other Belgian cities and villages. 







A CAPTURED GERMAN TRENXH 

An elaborately constructed steel abode of the Germans, 
found in their trench system at one part of the Hindenburg line. 
The Germans had evidently e-xpected to stay a long time as 
dugouts like these were supplied with electric lights and all 
modern conveniences. The German officers could be depended 
on to get a monopoly on all the luxuries wherever they 
happened to be, at the' expense of both the civilians and the 
troops under them. 



228 




mmFmmmsmm^ 



7 




•{. w 



2; 

o 

OS 
D 

P3 

a 

a 

P5 



o 

D 

o 

o 
6 

> 

[4 



W 
0-. 



Pressing- into France Germany was opposed by 
the French and British armies. England had been 
able to rush only a meagre 100,000 troops under Sir 
John French to the assistance of her ally. Town 
after town fell before the invaders, whose objective 
was Paris and a speedy end to the war. German 
Zeppelins dropped bombs upon the city and de- 
stroyed property, killing women and children. So 
grave was the danger that on Sept. 2, the French 
government was moved to Bordeaux and martial 
law proclaimed at the French capital. Amiens fell 
on Sept. 1st. Having crossed the IMarne and on 
Sept. 8th advanced within 22 miles of Paris the Ger- 
man forces were virtually at the gates of that city. 
Its fall seemed inevitable. However the splendid 
stand of the French at the Marne stopped the invad- 
ers with their goal in sight. High tide for the Ger- 
man arms was reached on Sept. 8. 1914. They were 
never again to so closely approach the French capi- 
tal. The resistance they met was so strong that they 
fell back to the river Aisne and, for the time being, 
stayed their ruthless advance, worn down and ex- 
hausted by the unexpectedly vigorous and contin- 
ued resistance of their opponents. 

In the meantime huge armies were also lighting 
on the Eastern front in East Prussia, Russian Po- 
land, Galicia and Serbia. On a smaller scale war 
was being waged in all the colonies controlled by 
Germany. The Belgian army stoutly defended Ant- 
werp but the city fell on Oct. 9th. The Belgian 
government was again moved, first to Ostend, then 
to Le Havre, France. The Belgian army success- 
fully defended the west part of Flanders, bordering 
on the North sea, and saved a small part of their 
territory from the ravishing invader. As early as 
Aug. 7th French forces entered Alsace-Lorraine, 
retaining their grip in that section throughout the 
war. The French government returned to Paris 
Dec. 9. 

The War in the East. 

A large Russian force entered East Prussia on 
Aug. 17 and were at first successful in driving back 
the German forces when strong reinforcements 
turned the tide and the Russians were driven back 
into their own country. Other Russian armies at- 
tacked in Galicia. Lemberg was captured on Sept. 
2 and the strong fortress of Przemysl besieged. A 
German army, advancing on Warsaw, was badly de- 
feated Nov. 1.5 to 23, when within a few miles of 
their objective. Later, under Gen. Von Hindenburg, 
the Germans reconquered all territory lost at this 
time. Serbia, though exhausted by two previous 
wars, fought gallantly against the .\ustrians and by 




MACHINE GUN NEST 

This picture shows a German machine gun nest after it had 
been captured by the Americans. Partly hidden by the woods 
and built at a point of vantage on a small crest, this nest holding 
two machine guns was capable of doing immense damage to 
troops advancing up the valleys in front of it. The nest was 
well camouflaged and also had a deep dugout underneath where 
the gunners took refuge during heavy bombardments. The 
American artillery located this one and a heavy shelling took 
place as can be seen from the trees in the background which 
were cut down. 



Dec. 1-J had recaptured Belgrade, their capital, lost 
to the enemy at the beginning of the war. In the 
far East Japan laid siege to the Gerinan colony of 
Tsing-tao and with some assistance from the Brit- 
ish captured it Nov. 7. Turkey, incited by Gerinan 
agents, attacked Russian ports on the Black Sea Oct. 
29. A holy war was proclaiined against Russia, 
France and England in the hope of causing upris- 
ings among the Mohammedan inhabitants of their 
colonies. The Turks threatened the Suez canal, 
and large forces were diverted to defend that water- 
way. 

Rouniania, Bulgaria and Greece remained neutral 
thougli strong efiforts were made to induce them to 
enter the war. Roumania and Greece, pro-ally in 
sentiment, were kept from entering the conflict in 
its early stages by the complicated Balkan situa- 
tion. The Scandinavian countries maintained their 
neutrality and were united in an agreement to act in 
concert should their neutrality be violated. 

Warfare at Sea. 

The war at sea was wide in extent but furnished 
no battles between large or evenly matched fleets. 
Germany's navy remained sheltered in the Kiel canal 
and the location of the British fleet was unknown to 
the public. It became evident that Germany's naval 
strategy was to wear down the strength of the Brit- 
ish navy gradually by employing floating mines and 
submarines. This policy was to a certain degree 
successful. The first naval battle of consequence 
took place oflf the coast of Peru Nov. 1 when four 
German cruisers met and sank two large British 
cruisers, the "Monmouth" and "Goodhope," with a 
loss of 1,.500 men. On Dec. 8th a German fleet ap- 
proached the Falkland Islands. British ships had 
arrived the day before to take on coal. In the re- 
sulting battle five German cruisers were sunk with 
a loss of 2,500 men. 

German sliips were especially successful in com- 
merce raiding, destroying scores of British mer- 
chantmen in all parts of the high seas. The most 
successful of the German raiders were the "Emden," 
the "Dresden," the "Prinz Eitel Friederich," the 
"Karlsruhe," the "Kronprinz Wilhelm" and the 
"Koeningsburg." The "Emden" destroyed British 
merchant shipping to the value of ten million dol- 
lars, sunk a Russian and a French ship and was 
finally destroyed at Cocos Island, Nov. 10, by the 
Australian cruiser "Sidney." One of the boldest 
attempts of the German cruisers was the bombard- 
ment on Dec. 16 of the English towns of Scar- 
borough, Whitby and Hartelpool. One hundred and 
ten persons, mostly women and children, were killed 
and many wounded. Indiscriminate planting of 
mines in the North Sea resulted in the sinking of 
many neutral ships of Norway and other nations, 
with much loss of life. 

Financial disaster throughout the world was 
averted by the establishing of moratoriums, closing 
of the stock markets and other drastic measures, af- 
fecting non-combatant as well as warring nations. 
The United States took early and vigorous steps 
along these lines which served well to preserve the 
integrity of business. On Aug. 4 President Wilson 
issued a proclamation of the neutrality of the LJnited 
States. The following day he sent messages to 
the heads of all the warring nations offering his 
services as mediator at any time they might deem 
suitable. This was the war's first offer of peace 
mediation. 

1915. 

Russian armies made a successful advance into 
East Prussia early in 1915 until Gen. Hindenburg's 
forces were encountered. The German arms won 
a decisive victory in the Mazurian Lake region, in- 
flicting terrible losses upon the Russians. A pro- 



330 



longed German advance then began, which met but 
feeble resistance. The Russians also suffered se- 
verely from Austrian offensives, being finally driven 
from the stronghold of Lemberg in August. In a 
brilliant exploit the Russians had captured Przemysl 
on March 22 after a siege of seven months. It was 
recaptured by Austria on June 3. General disaster 
overwhelmed the Russians in May and June, due 
chiefly to a shortage of artillery and a falling morale. 
The Germans under Hindenburg advanced to the 
north of Warsaw while the Austrians under Arch- 
duke Frederick and Von Mackensen swept through 
the Carpathian mountains in western Galicia. On 
Aug. 5 the Germans and Austrians entered Warsaw 
and captured Ivangorod. Thereafter it was a con- 
tinual retreat for the Russians until they made a 
stand far to the north of Riga and Dvinsk on the 
Baltic. Against Turkey the Russian arms were more 
successful, inflicting severe defeats upon the Sul- 
tan's forces at Sari Kamysli and Jenikici. 

The Dardanelles Campaign. 

The Dardenelles struggle began with an allied 
offensive on Feb. 19 when British and French war- 
ships began a bombardment of the forts at the en- 
trance to the straits of tlie Dardenelles. A bom- 
bardment of one week reduced the fortifications 
and troops were landed. A combined land and sea 
attack was necessary to effect the destruction of the 
inner forts on the Gallipoli peninsula, which were 
the key to the operation. In conjunction with the 
fleet British, French and Australian armies attacked 
valiantly against the most powerful defensive posi- 
tions. Deeds, as heroic as history records, were 
accomplished, the attackers holdin.g grimly to the 
most impossible positions. The fleet, also, suffered 
heavily from mines and bombardments from shore 
batteries. After a terrible four-months' campaign 
the operation was abandoned, the attack having cost 
the allied force over lOO.nOf) men. 

Italy Enters the Conflict. 

On the \\'estcrn front the opposing forces re- 
mained deadlocked. When the German rush in 
1914 was stopped at the Marne both armies pro- 
ceeded to "dig in" and the long period of position 
warfare began. Nevertheless a number of bloodj- 
battles were fought in 191,5. The fiercest conflicts 
were at Soissons Jan. 8 to 13; Neuve Chapelle March 
10 to 12; Ypres, where gas was used for the first 
time by Germany, April 23 to 28; and at Cham- 
pagne in September. 

After ten months of neutrality Italy entered the 
war on May 24, 1915, on the side of the Allies, though 
formerly a member of the Triple Alliance composed 
of Italy, Germany and Austria. Italy justified this 
breach with her former allies with the contention 
that Austria had broken the alliance by an un- 
just war upon Serbia. Italy's army consisted of 
more than a million men, fully trained, armed, 
equipped and ready for immediate action. The first 
aggressive step was to throw a strong force across 
the Austrian frontier and occupy a position along 
the river Isonzo. The Italians fought well and ac- 
complished remarkable feats in securing difficult 
positions, but up to the close of 191.5 no decisive 
victory had been achieved. 

Numerous encounters between the British and 
Turks took place in Mesopotamia and tlie Sinai pen- 
insula near the Suez canal. The British were gen- 
erally successful but in their advance on Bagdad 
were driven back as far as Kut-el-Amara. Many hor- 
rible massacres were perpetrated by bands of Kurds 
and Turks on the Christian population. It is esti- 
mated that in the Urumiah district upwards of 
10.000 met their death. 

Uprisings in South Africa were frequent, due to 



the pernicious influence of German agents. Gen. 
Botha finally quelled all of the insurrections and se- 
cured for the Allies practically all of the German 
colonies in South Africa. 

Bulgaria Crushes Serbia. 

After making a bargain with Turkey for certain 
territorial and railway concessions Bulgaria cast her 
lot with Germany and Austria and in October de- 
clared war on Serbia and after a campaign of six 
weeks had overrun the entire country. The Serbian 
army was scattered, the king and government offi- 
cials in flight. With a view of helping the stricken 
Serbs, British and French troops landed at Salon- 
ika but were not strong enough to accomplish any 
important result. 

War on the Sea. 1915. 

On January 24 a naval battle took place in the 
North Sea betw-een British and German cruiser 
squadrons in which the German cruiser "Bluecher" 
was sunk with a heavy loss of life. Germany's pi- 
rate ships, "Dresden" and "Karlsruhe," were de- 
stroyed, and the "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" and "Kron- 
prinz VVilhelm" took refuge at Newport News, Va., 
and were interned, later to be seized and used by the 
United States against Germany. 

Submarines played the most conspicuous part in 
the war at sea and also in diplomatic controversies 
arising from the manner in whicli they violated in- 
ternational law. Both the British and French bat- 
tle fleets suffered considerably from their activities, 
but it was in the destruction of merchant shipping 
that they excelled. German submarine attacks were 
not confined to the ships of the countries with which 
that nation was at war, but included those of any 
neutral nation wherever such ships entered what 
Germany chose to declare a war zone. Scores of 
ships belonging to Norway, Sweden, Holland, Den- 
mark and the United States were sent to the bot- 
tom in the North Sea, in most cases without any 
warning being given or a chance even for the crews 
to escape. German.y justified her inhuman policy on 
the ground that Great Britain had blockaded the Ger- 
man coast and was attempting to starve the German 
people into submission. On Feb. 4, 1915, the Ger- 
mans issued tlieir famous War Zone proclamation. 





A CAAIOUI 1-A(.1-,|J 1)Ul.iiLL 

Here is shown one of the general dugouts used by the infan- 
try and located from fifty to a hundred meters back of the 
trenches. Notice how the roof of the dugout is concealed from 
aerial observers by ropes strung across on which rafia, painted to 
resemble the surrounding country, is strewn. Entrances to these 
dugouts were always to the rear of the lines and usually at least 
two exits were provided in case some big shell caved in one of 
them. The interior was almost as large as an ordinary room 
and an arrangement of cots in tiers made it possible to shelter 
from 40 to 100 men in a single dugout. In position warfare 
where these dugouts were used for months at a time elaborate 
improvements were made, and in many instances both light and 
heat were available. Note the rocket in the right hand corner. 
These were set off to inform the artillery that a barrage was 
needed or for other purposes of signalling. 



332 










o 



o 

OS 



< 

OS 



declaring the waters surrounding Great Britain and 
Ireland, including the entire English Channel, to be 
part of the war zone and threatened to destroy ev- 
ery enemy merchant ship entering the zone. They 
gave no assurance that even neutral ships would 
be spared. In the three riionths following over 330 
ships were sunk by Germany, varying from small 
fishing schooners to the 32,000-ton "Lusitania." The 
United States informed Germany at this time that 
any overt act against a ship bearing the United States 
flag would not be tolerated, and that they would 
be held strictly accountable for any violation of the 
neutralit}- of the United States. 

Sinking of the Lusitania. 

Sentiment in .\merica against Germany's ruthless 
manner of conducting war was crystallized when the 
great ocean liner "Lusitania" was torpedoed and 
sunk without warning by a submarine off the coast 
of Ireland on May 7. More than a thousand persons, 
mostly women and children, were killed, 103 of 
these being Americans, several of whom were prom- 
inent persons. Germany contended that she had a 
right to sink the ship, claiming that a powder cargo 
was stored in her hold and that she was armed with 
concealed cannon. This was found to be untrue and 
a series of notes between the two countries followed 
in which relations were strained almost to the 
breaking point. That Germany gave full sanction 
to the lawless act was later revealed when the com- 
mander of the submarine effecting the sinking was 
accorded special honor by the German government 
for his "heroic" deed. 

Diplomatic correspondence was also carried on 
concerning the aerial attack on the American steam- 
er "Gushing;" the torpedoing of the "Nebraskan" and 
the destruction of the "William P. Frye," which 
Germany admitted was contrary to one of her own 
pledged treaties. Crermany's main protest was 
against the exportation of munitions from the 
United States to the Allies. .America's answer was 
that were not Germany blockaded by England she 
would have the same privilege of coming after mu- 
nitions with her own ships and that the United 
States couldn't be held responsible for Germany's 
inability to obtain supplies. 

Events in the United States. 

On June 8 William J. Bryan resigned as secretary 
of state, owing to a difference of opinion as to the 
proper manner of conducting diplomatic correspon- 




HUGE FRENCH R.MLRO.'^D GUN 

This picture gives a slight idea of the size of the guns em- 
ployed against the Germans by the French railroad artillery. The 
most famous of these guns were the 420 mm. and the 500 mm. 
guns. This corresponds to calibers of 17 and 20 inches. The 
guns were mounted on immense cars and could be moved from 
one front to another by means of a track which was laid as the 
gun proceeded. These guns fired mainly upon ammunition depots, 
railheads and especially important positions of great strength. 
Balloons and aeroplanes were used to observe the effect of the 
fire and make corrections in the range and direction as needed. 



dence with Germany. He was succeeded by Robert 
Lansing. .At this time several delicate controver- 
sies arose between Great Britain and the United 
States due to the detention of a number of cargo 
ships in the British prize courts thought to be con- 
traband. The matter was settled amicably. 

Plots anil propaganda in the United States were 
frequent. Many Germans in this country thought 
they were doing their Fatherland a great service 
by blowing up munition plants, bridges, etc. A strict 
watch was necessary. Capt. Von Papen, German na- 
val attache at Washington, and Capt. Boy-ed, the 
military attache, were concerned in conspicuous 
cases, declared no longer acceptable and were re- 
called by Germany. Previous to this the recall of 
Ambassador Dumba of .\ustria was asked for and 
.Austria complied. 

Raids by huge Zeppelin air ships on London were 
common during 1915, though no military value could 
be attached to their work. In all but 177 persons 
were killed and 384 wounded, practically all being 
civilians, including many women and children. Such 
acts only served to intensify the feeling against Ger- 
many not only in England but throughout the civ- 
ilized world. 

One of the outstanding cases of martyrdom of the 
war was that of Miss Edith Cavell, an English nurse. 
She was arrested by the Germans at Brussels Aug. 5, 
and executed Aug. 12, charged with assisting fugi- 
tives to escape from Belgium. Brand Whitlock, the 
.American niinister to Belgium, tried hard to save 
her life but his appeals were ignored. 

In December, 1915, Gen. Sir Douglas Haig was 
given command of all British forces fighting Ger- 
many. Gen. Joffre also made iinportant changes 
among the French division generals in the field. 

1916. 

The year 1916 brought forth some of the blood- 
iest battles of the war, the most important of which 
was the struggle for the possession of Verdun, the 
battle of the Somme, the naval battle on the North 
Sea off Jutland, the great Russian offensive in Ga- 
licia and Bukowina, and the conquest by the Ger- 
mans of Roumania. Other features of the year was 
the restoration of the Polish Kingdom and the 
drowning of Lord Kitchener, Great Britain's great 
military organizer. 

. Struggle for Verdun. 

Probably no other area of similar size on any battle 
front has been more thoroughly drenched in blood 
than that of Verdun. Lying just to the west of a 
range of high hills forming a barrier between the 
two great armies, Verdun was a strategic point of 
immense value. Beginning Feb. 22, 1916, the Ger- 
mans determined to take the stronghold, and with 
temporary intermissions the struggle continued until 
tlie end of the year. In September the Germans were 
within tliree miles of the city, which was bombarded 
until there was not a single room in the entire 
city untouched by artillery shells. Then the French 
by rapid advances recaptured considerable of the 
lost territory but the lines remained intact in this 
vicinity until the end of the war. No reliable figures 
have been compiled as to the loss of life but it is 
conceded that over 500,000 gave their lives in the 
struggle for the possession of Verdun. 

Battle of the Somme. 

Partly to relieve tlie pressure on Verdun, partly 
to obtain the advantage of offensive warfare, the 
British and French began a vigorous attack north 
and south of the river Somme on July 1. It was 
preceded by the usual heavy artillery bombardment 
which caused great havoc in the German trenches, 



234 




^ 

tJ 



w 

2 

< 



13 
< 

H 

o 

t. 

o 



and when the infantry advanced the resistance met 
with was very weak, the Allies advancing over a 
front of thirty miles to a depth of over a mile. Ger- 
man defensive works that had taken over a year to 
construct, and which were held to be impregnable, 
crumbled under the heavy fire of the big Allied 
guns and had to be abandoned. Tanks were first 
used by the Allies in this offensive. 

Battle of Jutland. 

What is recognized as one of the greatest naval 
battles in history was fought between the main Brit- 
ish and German fleets west of Jutland on May 31, 
1916. The losses were heavier on the British side 
so far as tonnage is concerned but relatively the 
Germans suffered most. The tonnage of British 
ships lost amount to ]]4,(l(tn with about 6,000 men 
lost. Germany lost in tonnage 60,000 and in men 
3.000. Since the signing of the armistice the Ger- 
mans have settled the dispute as to who was the 
victor in this naval battle by admitting that the Ger- 
man fleet was so badly crippled that the naval com- 
manders dared not venture another general engage- 
ment with the British. 

Lord Kitchener Drowned at Sea. 

Field Marshal Earl Kitcliener, British Secretary 
of State for War, long regarded as Great Britain's 
foremost militarist, met an untimely death when he 
and his staff were en route to Russia. The cruiser 
"Hampshire" upon which they were passengers, was 
either torpedoed or struck a mine while passing the 
Orkney Islands. This disaster occurred on June 
5th. The loss of Kitchener had important efTects 
on Britain's war policy .'ind methods. 

Russians Resume Offensive. 

Re-equipped and armed and under the able lead- 
ership of General Brussilof the Russian armies made 
a bold advance, winning considerable territory in 
the Southwest and took large numbers of prisoners. 
The whole of Bukowina was taken and in Galicia 
they advanced as far as Lemberg before halted. 

The British suffered a reverse in the East when 
Major General Charles Townshend with a force of 
about 12.000 men were forced to surrender to the 
Turks at Kut-el-Amara in Mesopotamia on April 29, 
They were also forced to abandon the Gallipoli 
campaign in the Dardenelles. 

On the Austrian-Italian front there were two 
movements of importance. Beginning May 15 the 
Austrians, in a big drive, puslied the Italians back 
across the frontier. Then, rallying under the com- 
mand of Gen. Cadorna the Italians nullified the 
early Austrian success. Later they also took the 
.\ustrian positions along the Isonzo river and fi- 
nally, on Aug. 9, stormed Goritz. occupied the strong 
positions on Carsn plateau and tlireatened Trieste 
with capture. 

Roumania Overrun. 

Roumania entered the war Aug. 27, 1916. Imme- 
diatelj- her armies were sent across the Carpathian 
mountains into Transylvania, where temporary suc- 
cesses were won. Then the Germans under Gen. 
Von Mackensen invaded the country from the north, 
east and south, and advanced with such rapidity 
that by December 9 they took possession of the 
capital, Bucharest, and all but annihilated the Rou- 
manian army. Jassy was made the capital of Rou- 
mania. 

Greece became a divided country. The Royal- 
ists led by King Constantine, favored the Central 
Powers while a large proportion of the people under 
the statesman, Venizelos, declared war on Germany 
and took an active part in the figliting in Macedonia. 



Trouble for Britain in the form of a revolt in 
Ireland, fostered mainly by the Sinn Fein Society, 
commenced April 24. The revolt was crushed in 
one week, though many lives were lost. The most 
prominent man connected with the uprising was Sir 
Roger Casement, who induced Germany to send in a 
shipload of arms. He was apprehended trying to 
land the munitions, tried for treason and executed 
August 3. 

Atrocious Deportations. 

In .\pril and May approximately 25,000 French 
women and girls were forcibly taken by the Germans 
from their homes in Lille, Turcoing and Roubaix 
and sent to work in the harvest fields and factories 
of Germany. A systematic deportation was also 
carried on throughout the whole of Belgium. These 
inhuman deportations raised a cry of protest through- 
out the entire civilized world, to which the Germans 
paid no heed. 

.'\nother revolting deed of the Germans was the 
execution of Capt. Charles Fryatt on July 27. He 
had been captured with his ship and though a non- 
combatant was tried on the charge of attempting to 
ram the submarine which captured him. He was 
found guilty and shot. 

Germany continued her submarine warfare against 
the merchant shipping of the entente powers and all 
neutrals as well. Their operations extended to all 
waters and no ship was safe from the underseas 
raiders. The break between the United States and 
Germany could be seen approaching, due to the sub- 
marine policy of Germany, as ship after ship, either 
American or carrying .\merican passengers, was 
sunk. The sentiment in Congress was against dis- 
couraging Americans from taking passage on ships 
which might be endangered, but for protecting their 
rights as citizens of a neutral country. 

Germany's first peace offer came as a surprise. 
On Dec. 12, 1916, she presented a formal note ex- 
pressing a desire to enter into negotiations but spec- 
ified no terms. The offer was considered insincere 
and was rejected. 

The possibilities of the submarine were demon- 
strated when in July the monster U-boat, "Deutsch- 
land," evaded the blockade and landed in the United 
States with a valuable cargo on board which she 
exchanged for other products. 

It was during the year 1916 that the question of 
national defense or "preparedness" began to agi- 
tate the public mind in the United States. The con- 
troversies with the powers already at war and the 
Mexican question showed up some of the weaknesses 
of the American military system, and made it appar- 




P.\RTLV DESTROYED VILL.'\GE 

Tvpical of many I'rench villages near the front which were 
all but ruined. While the stone walls of the houses still remain 
in many instances the roofs are all caved in and hardly a room 
is untouched. The farmers of France do not live alone on their 
land as they do in the United States but the peasants for two or 
three miles around group together, going out to their land each 
morning. Thus it is seldom one ever travels over two miles 
without coming to some village of two or three hundred inhabi- 
tants. This accounts for the large number of villages destroyed 
in the German advances. 



236 




GERMAN MACHINE GUN NESTS— ALSO USED AS OBSEKXATIUN FUSTS 



ent that the United States should be prepared to re- 
sist aggression from any source. Preparedness pa- 
rades were held throughout the country and the Pres- 
ident made a tour speaking in behalf of a reserve 
army of half a million men. .Appropriations for both 
a larger army and navy were made by Congress and 
the country was awakened to the issue, though there 
was considerable opposition from many quarters 
where the public could not see how close the coun- 
try actually was to war. 

1917. 

The outstanding feature of events during 1917 
was the entry of the United States into the war, 
for it proved to be the decisive factor in bringing 
the conflict to a termination just 19 months later. 
Second in importance was the Russian revolution 
which was as unexpected as it was sensational. 
That the United States would become involved in 
the war had been foreseen, but that Czar Nicholas 
II would lose his crown liad not even been dreamt 
of. Other events of I'JIT were the dethroning of the 
Greek king, Constantine; the capture of Jerusalem 
by the British; and the attempts of Germany to se- 
cure a peace to which she %vas not entitled. 

On January 22 President Wilson made his last 
plea to all the warring nations to reach some basis 
upon which peace might be declared. Within a 
week after this appeal the German government an- 
nounced that after Feb. 1 it would carry on an un- 
restricted submarine warfare in all the waters sur- 
rounding Great Britain, France and Italy. It would, 
however, permit the United States to use one_ nar- 
row lane to Falmouth, England, with one sailing a 
week, provided the ships were painted a certam 
color and carried certain distinguishing markings. 
This program was of course in direct violation of all 
promises made by Germany to the United States, 
and President Wilson acted promptly. On Feb. 3, 
191T, he announced to the Senate and the House in 
joint session that Ambassador Bernstorff had been 
given his passports and that diplomatic relations 
with Germany had been severed. The Senate ap- 
proved the action of the President in breaking with 
Germany by a vote of 78 to 5. Formal notice was 
given March 12 that American merchant ships trav- 
ersing the barred areas would be armed to protect 
themselves against any attacks by submarines. In 
the meantime the Germans, risking their all in the 
ruthless submarine campaign, sank ship after ship 
with loss of American lives. It was felt that ac- 
tion could be no longer delayed and a special ses- 
sion of Congress was called for April 2 and the 
President asked that war be declared against Ger- 
many. 




..'f-'vsas*!®^^ 



ENTRA. 



DUGOUT 



Where the ground was more or less level, the entrances to 
the dugouts looked like holes in the ground. A staircase leads 
down at an angle of 45 degrees into the underground chamber 
which was usually 6 feet high, from one to two yards wide and 
as long as necessary. In building these dugouts the excavated dirt 
had to be carried' away at night, as there must be no sign of 
activity in the vicinity. Sometimes the work was done during the 
day under a large camouflaged screen. 



Congress formally declared the existence of a 
state of war between the United States and Ger- 
many on April 6, 1917. After taking this momen- 
tous step Congress, urged by the President, passed 
measures for the immediate creation of a national 
army, the e.xpansion of the national guard, the ma- 
rine corps and the navy. It passed laws against 
espionage, trading with the enemy and the unlawful 
manufacture and use of explosives during the war. 
It provided for the insurance of soldiers and sailors, 
the priority of shipments, for the seizure of enemy 
ships in our harbors, the conserving of the food and 
fuel supply in our country, for stimulating agri- 
culture, for increasing the air forces, for extending 
additional credit to our Allies, for issuing bonds and 
providing additional revenues for the carrying on 
of the war. Between the declaration of war and 
Oct. 6, when the special session adjourned, it had 
appropriated and expended the huge sum of nearly 
twenty billion dollars. 

At the regular session of Congress beginning Dec. 
3, 1917, the President asked that war be declared 
against Austria-Hungary, and this was done at once. 

Having once taken a course of action the United 
States bent every possible energy toward bringing 
the war to a quick close. Volunteers were called 
to serve in the regular army, the national guard, the 
marine corps and the navy. But the creation of 
the new National .-Xrmy through the selective draft 
system was the trump card in securing an army with 
the greatest possible speed. To provide officers for 
the contemplated large army, officers' training catnps 
were established in all parts of the country, these 
camps or schools providing for a three months' 
course. 

Men between the ages of 21 and 30, numbering 
9,1)83,44.5, registered on June 5, under the act of 
May 18, which provided for the temporary increase 
of the military forces of the nation, the number 
needed being apportioned among the several states. 
The total number to be called under the first draft 
was 687,000. In the meantime 16 great training can- 
tonments had been constructed and on Sept. 5 the 
first of the selected men began arriving for train- 
ing. Mobilization camps for the national guard 
were created in the south and here those troops 
underwent intensive training. Naval training sta- 
tions and regular army mobilization camps were also 
scenes of great activity. Strenuous efforts were 
made toward liuilding up the aviation forces of the 
country, and in this connection the invention of 
the Liberty motor was hailed as a great triumph. 

The coriservation of the country's food and fuel 
resources was another important step. Herbert C. 
Hoover was appointed Food Administrator and did 
particularly effective work throughout the war. The 
Council of National Defense and its advisory com- 
mittees did a great work in classifying and making 
available for war the vast resources of the United 
States. 

To counteract the ravages of the submarine the 
United States undertook to build enough ships both 
for her Allies and herself tliat the available tonnage 
would increase instead of diminish under losses the 
enemy were able to inflict. 

Financing the War. 

To meet in part tlie tremendous expense involved 
in creating an adequate army and navy, in carrying 
on the war and making loans to our Allies, the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury issued bonds, the first series 
bearing 3% per cent interest and the second series 
4 per cent. The loans were know^n as "liberty loans" 
and the bonds as "liberty bonds." The first bonds 
were offered May 2 and the second series Oct. 1. 
The amounts were two billion and three billion re- 
spectively. The subscriptions for the first loaji 
amounted to over three billions and the second to 



238 



over four billion six hundred thousand. Only one 
half of the over-subscription to the second loan was 
accepted. 

Besides being called upon to purchase bonds the 
people of the country were asked to contribute vast 
sums to army and navy welfare work carried on 
through the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian 
Association. Knights of Columbus, Salvation Army 
and various other agencies doing relief and welfare 
work in Europe and .\merica, providing comforts for 
the men in training or in the field. To the Red 
Cross alone more than $100,000,000 was given in 
May and June, and additional millions in December. 
In November $35,000,000 was raised in a week for 
the Y. M. C. A. fund. 

The U. S. Navy. 

Tlie United States navy lost no time in getting 
into action. Its operations were secret for a time 
but it was known that our ships were relieving the 
other Allies of part of the work of patrolling the 
high seas outside the submarine area. Within that 
area a large fleet of torpedo boat destroyers were 
at work under the command of Vice Admiral Wil- 
liam S. Sims. They did effective work both in 
sinking submarines and acting as convoys for trans- 
ports going through the war zone. Only a few 
ships of the United States were lost from mines or 
submarines. 

U. S. Forces in France. 

It was particularly desired that some United 
States forces should be sent to France at once, 
more for the moral effect this would have on the 
Allies than for what a comparatively small number 
of troops could accomplish in actual fi.ghting. It 
was announced May 14 that an expeditionary force 
of about one division of regulars under command of 
Maj. Gen. John J. Pershing would be sent to France. 
Gen. Persliing had become well known in connection 
with the expedition to Mexico in 1916 and the clinice 
of a commander was popular. He arrived in Eng- 
land June S and in France June 13. The first contin- 
gent of troops reached France June 27 and the sec- 
ond a few days later. By a special Act of Congress 
Gen. Pershing was given command of the expedi- 
tionary forces and raised to the rank of a full gen- 
eral. 

To give the troops actual experience in trench 
fighting a number of them, including artillery and 
infantry, were sent into a part of the line held by the 
French. Here the first United States casualties oc- 
curred. On Nov. 3 a German raiding party at- 
tacked a trench occupied by the .Americans, killing 
three, wounding five and taking eleven prisoners. A 
number of other men were killed or wounded by shell 
tire. What casualties the Germans suffered was 
not learned as they were able to carry off their dead 
and wounded. 

Plots at Home. 

While the American soldiers and sailors were fac- 
ing the enemy on the front the government at home 
was menaced by German plotters and sympathizers. 
Acts of violence, the destruction of shipyards and 
munition plants and bridges were among the works 
of the agents of Germany, who had as their allies 
the I. W. W. The most sensational disclosure of 
the activities of German plotters was made by the 
State department when it gave the information that 
Germany's foreign minister, Dr. Alfred Zimmerman, 
had formulated plans for an attack on the United 
States by Japan and Mexico. .Another revelation 
which aroused world-wide interest was the publica- 
tion of the famous Luxburg cables from Buenos 
Aires to Berlin advising that all Argentine ships be 
"spurlos versenkt" (sunk without a trace). This was 
part of the inside information possessed by the Pres- 



ident before the declaration of war. Because of plot- 
tings and the inhuman methods practiced by the 
Germans, the following nations cast their lot with 
the United States as against Germany in 191T: 
Cuba, Panama, Greece, Brazil, Siam, Liberia and 
China. In addition the following severed diplo- 
matic relations with the Central Powers: Bolivia, 
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Haiti, Costa Rica, 
Peru and Uruguay. Thus nineteen countries, with 
population of 1.300,000,000 were arrayed against the 
Central Empires. 

Revolution in Russia. 

The facts with reference to the upheaval in Rus- 
sia are briefly as follows: The Duma was dissolved 
by the Czar March 11 but on the following day it 
declared that the government had been overthrown 
and that a new democratic .government was in 
process of formation. In the town of PskofT on 
March 15 Czar Nicholas was forced to abdicate and 
was imprisoned in his palace. Later he was sent 
to Tobolsk. The new government at first was in 
the hands of such capable men as Michael V. Rod- 
zainko. Prince George E. Lyoff and Prof. Paul N. 
Milyoukov. It soon developed, however, that the 
more radical elements of the revolutionists were in 
control of the army and the working classes in the 
cities, and these were determined to quit the war 
and make peace according to their formula of "no 
annexations and no indemnities." 

Because the new government did not stick close 
enough to this formula but preferred to keep faith 
with the Allies by refusing to make a separate peace 
it was compelled in May to give way to a new min- 
istry, in which Alexander Kerensky, a socialist, was 
the ruling spirit. Recognizing the difficulties the 
Russian democracy had to deal with the United 
States sent several important missions to Petrograd 
to give such assistance as might be deemed pos- 
sible. One such mission of a political character 
was headed by former Senator Elihu Root. 

On July 20 Kerensky became premier and in spite 
of increasing insubordination in the army con- 
tinued in the saddle for some weeks. One of the 
incidents of his career as the head of the state was 
the proclamation on Sept. 14 of Russia as a republic. 
Kerensk}', however, was not radical enough for the 
extremists and on Nov. 7 he was deposed Ijy a coun- 
ter-revolution led by Leon Trotzky and Nikolai 
Lenine. Later Lenine was made premier and Trotz- 
ky foreign minister and they promptly made over- 
tures to Germany for an armistice. This was grant- 




UbI 



BAKEEi) WIRE ENTANGLEMENTS 

A good view of the barbed wire defenses which both sides 
used in war. Posts were set deep and firm in the ground and 
the wire wound tightly from one to the other, forming an 
intricate mass. The depth of the zone covered varied from ■five 
to ten yards. Instead of taking a straight course the entangle- 
ments usually zigzagged so as to make it more difficult for the 
opposing artillery to destroy it. Pat,;s tl-rough the wire to allow 
our troops to get through for reconnoitering were blocked by 
wire spools, like the one seen in the lower right hand corner. 
The wire was seldom constructed over two and a half feet high. 



240 



ed and peace negotiations were under way in De- 
cember. 

Grecian King Deposed. 

King Constantine of Greece was deposed by the 
Allied powers on June 12, 1917, and succeeded by 
his son. Prince Alexander, who was friendly to the 
Allies. The provisional government under Venizelos 
joined with the new royalty, which settled the deli- 
cate situation in Greece. 

Many submarines were sunk during the latter 
part of 1917, due to the alertness of the Allied fleets, 
which now included the United States. There was 
also an immense system of mines and nets laid by 
the British with American aid in the North Sea, 
which proved very effective. 

British Capture Jerusalem. 

The British forces carried on a successful cam- 
paign from Egypt against the Turks and Germans in 
the Holy Land. In January they routed the enemy 
troops at Rafa and on March 26 inflicted a severe 
defeat on them in the vicinity of Gaza. Under the 
able leadership of Gen. E. H. Allenby the British 
pressed on toward the north, taking Beersheba Oct. 
31, Gaza Nov. 7, Jafifa Nov. 7, and Jerusalem Dec. 
11. On Christmas day it was announced that Beth- 
lehem had also been taken by the British. This suc- 
cessful campaign in Palestine appealed strongly to 
the entire Christian world. 

On the Italian front successes were first on one 
side and then on the other. In May and again in 
August Gen. Cadorna inflicted severe defeats on the 
Austrians on the Carso and Bainsizza plateaus. 
Then in October heavy Austrian and German forces 
under the leadership of Field Marshal von Mack- 
ensen attacked the northern part of the Isonzo line 
and. aided by the treacherous weakening of certain 
Italian troops at Caporetto, drove Gen. Cadorna's 
forces first to the line of the Tagliamento and then 
to the line of the Piave river. Here the Italians 
made a stand and were able to hold back the enemy 
in the face of most furious attacks. 

On the East front the Russians made their last 
advance July 1 when in eastern Galicia they cap- 
tured Brezany, Halicz, and other places with some 
30,000 prisoners. After that the Russian armies 
refused to obey their commanders and it was an 
easy matter for the Germans to recover the lost 




CITY LEVELLED TO THE GROUND 

A number of French villages suffered as badly as this picture 
shows. This town contained from twenty to thirty stone houses, 
a church, butcher shop and general store. After the Germans 
laid it low, because they thought someone might be observing 
from its towers, nothing remained but piles of stone and here 
and there part of a wall. Even the trees were mostly clipped 
close to the roots. Such a place looks more like a graveyard 
than anything it can be compared with as some sort of a jjiliar 
of rocks or angular remains of walls still mark the places where 
French homes formerly stood. After the Germans retreated 
from areas like this many of the former inhabitants would return 
to search for some vestige of their belongings, only to experience 
a bitter disappointment. 



ground and advance still further. In the early part 
of September the Germans crossed the Dvina river 
and Riga soon fell into their hands, together with 
certain islands in the Baltic. Then came the dis- 
graceful truce and peace negotiations. 

Struggles on the Western Front. 

Fierce and bloody fighting continued on the west- 
ern front throughout the greater part of the year. 
The advantage in the inain was with the British and 
the French who maintained the initiative and de- 
livered many telling blows. The Germans were not 
able to do much in the way of retaliation, though 
they won a measure of success against the British 
at the extreme northern end of the line in Belgium 
and on Nov. 30 at Cambria. On the other liand the 
British won notable victories in the vicinity of Lens, 
Arras and along the Ypres-Menin road. One of 
the notable features of the fighting was the capture 
by Canadian troops of Vimy Ridge in April. Gen. 
Sir Julian Byng won a brilliant victory by a surprise 
attack in the Cainbria sector November 20-22. He 
took a considerable area of fortified territory and 
about 10,000 prisoners, but the effect of the triumph 
was offset to some extent by the successful counter 
attack made by the Germans a few days later. The 
French also carried out a number of successful of- 
fensives. On April 16 they took the Gerinan first and 
second lines on a twenty-five mile front in the Sois- 
sons-Rheims sector and captured 20,000 Germans 
together with about seventy-five heavy guns. On 
May 4 they captured Craonne and the adjacent ter- 
ritory. They fought successfully along the Chemin 
des Dames, on the Californie plateau, at Cerney 
and many other places. All the efforts of the Ger- 
man crown prince to advance in the Verdun sector 
proved costly failures. On Oct. 23 the French 
smashed through the German lines north of the 
Aisne to a depth of more than two miles, taking 
the strongholds of Allemant, Vaudesson, Malmaison 
fort and Chavignon. 

1918. 

At the beginning of the final year of the war, the 
attention of the world was directed to the negotia- 
tions of the Bolshevik extremists of Russia, led by 
Lenine and Trotzky. and Germany. Parleys were 
held at Brest-Litovsk beginning Dec. 22, 1918 and 
ending March 3, 1918, when Russia signed the peace 
with Germany. The terms of this peace were es- 
sentially in violation of all Russia had contended 
for, and virtually robbed her of her richest prov- 
inces. It was such a peace as only traitors to their 
country could have been guilty of signing, and 
shows the extent of the work of the German agents. 
After the signing of the peace Russia was in a de- 
plorable condition. Much suffering, famine, riots 
and revolution resulted. Siberia broke away from 
the Bolslievik and set up an independent government, 
seeking Allied aid. 

With the collapse of Russia the German armies on 
the eastern front were released for fighting else- 
where and the Allies, already drained in man-power, 
began to look to the United States to balance the 
elimination of Russia. The United States was quick 
to respond with men, money and material. In view 
of the danger attending the transportation of troops 
over 3,000 miles of submarine-infested waters, the 
record made by .\merica is one that can be only 
viewed as remarkable. By November over 2,000,000 
.\merican soldiers were on European soil. This 
immense number was transported without the loss of 
a single eastbound transport. While the troops 
were being rushed to Europe, preparations were be- 
ing made to have 4,000.000 more men ready by the 
spring of 1919, in which year it was thought that 
Germany must collapse. 

Next in importance to the army and navy was 



S43 



s 








^\ 






^ 
k 


*• 




ui 
H 

H 

t/5 



as 



< 
2 

Q 
2 



the building of enough merchant ships to offset 
the ravages of the submarine. Under the leader- 
ship of Charles M. Schwab, director-general of the 
emergency fleet corporation, the work in the ship- 
yards was speeded up until ships were being built 
at the rate of 5,000,000 tons per year. 

With good harvests in 1017, and the practice of 
economy in the consumption of flour and meats, in 
accordance with the recommendations of the food 
administration, and with increased shipping facili- 
ties, the United States was able not only to feed her- 
self but the Allies as well. The American record in 
this respect won the gratitude and admiration of 
every nation in Europe aligned with the Entente. 

Cost of Fighting. 

In times of peace the United States spent less 
than one billion dollars per year. In 191S the out- 
lay by mid-year was at the rate of fifty million dol- 
lars a day. The actual outlay for the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1918, was more than $12,600,000,000. 
The United States before the end of the war had 
loaned to the Allies more than eight billion dollars. 
Two more liberty loans were issued in 1918 — one for 
three billion and one for six billion dollars. In both 
cases the amounts were largely oversubscribed. 

Besides buying war bonds the people of the 
United States in May contributed considerably more 
than $100,000,000 to the American Red Cross war 
fund. They also subscribed millions to other war 
service funds. It was a year of genuine giving. 

Nations declaring war in 1918 were: Guatemala 
against Germany, April 21; Nicaragua against Ger- 
many, May 7; Costa Rica against Germany and Aus- 
tria-Hungary, May 24; Haiti against Germany, July 
15; Honduras against Germany, July 19. 

American Military Activities. 

Until March, 1918, the American troops in France 
saw little actual fighting, though a number were 
under fire while getting the finishing touches of their 
training in front trenches. On January 21 the Amer- 
icans took informal charge of a sector near Toul. 
Minor encounters took place January 30 and Febru- 
ary 4, the latter on a Lorraine sector, which resulted 
in several casualties. Other similar affairs took 
place from time to time. On February 26 five Amer- 
icans were killed and 100 or more disabled in a gas 
attack. On March 1 in the Toul sector they re- 
pulsed a heavy German raid, killing many. On 
March 6 it was announced that the Americans were 
holding an eight-mile front in France. On Marcli 
10 Secretary of War Newton D. Baker arrived in 
France and inspected the American forces. 

Germany's Great Spring Offensive. 

Having settled the Russian situation the Germans 
prepared to deliver a great thrust on the west front, 
by which they hoped to sweep all before them and 
win the war. The date of the opening of the at- 
tack was set for March 21. Concentration of troops 
was effected with the greatest secrecy, movements 
being made by night only. Over 200 divisions were 
assembled, newly equipped and confident that this 
would be the last struggle of a victorious war. The 
aim of the Germans was to split the French and Brit- 
ish armies, roll up the British right flank, and deal 
a death blow b\' a second advance through Flanders. 
The Allies' plan was to allow tlie Germans to strike 
and sustain the blow successfully. Every contingen- 
cy was provided for though the French knew they 
were greatly outnumbered. 

On March 21 the Germans attacked along the Brit- 
ish front from the Oise to the Scarpe rivers, a dis- 
tance of fifty miles, and drove Gen. Haig's troops 
back for twenty miles or more, capturing Chauny, 



Ham, Peronne, Bapaunie, Nesle, Roye and many 
other places. The French were also driven back 
and lost Montdidier, Noyon and other towns. The 
Germans attempted, by driving toward Amiens, to 
separate the French and British armies, intending to 
roll up each in turn, but after some victories in Flan- 
ders and on the French front, they were finally 
stopped. They had advanced some thirty-five miles 
and retaken the greater part of the ground aban- 
doned in the Hindenburg retreat. The Allies lost 
heavily in killed, wounded and prisoners, but the 
Germans being tlie aggressors, lost still more men. 
This was especially true in the battle of Ypres on 
.-Xpril 9, when they were defeated by a combined 
British and French force. 

On March 28, in the height of the great battle, 
the Allies came to an agreement to place all their 
forces from the Arctic ocean to the Mediterranean 
under one supreme command. The man chosen for 
this task, commanding the mightiest armed host the 
world had ever assembled, was the great French 
strategist, Gen. Foch. On March 29 Gen. Pershing 
placed all of the .American forces at Gen. Foch's 
disposal and the offer was accepted. On the fol- 
lowing day the American troops not already at the 
front began their march to take part in the battle. 
For several montlis they were brigaded with the 
French and British, all the way from the North Sea 
to Switzerland. 

On April 8 the Germans began a new offensive 
on the whole British front and won a number of 
victories in the LaBasse canal region and else- 
where, forcing the defenders to evacuate Armentiers 
and pushing them back to the Messines Ridge. By 
April 9 the Germans had advanced even farther. 

Important Battle Phases. 

The sector chosen for the first attack was a front 
of 80 kilometers from Arras to Chauny, held en- 
tirely by two British armies. Gen. Byng's arm^' on 
the left held admirably but Gen. Gough on the right 
was forced back toward Amiens, wdiich had been 
the German's first objective. This retreat put Paris 
in danger and the Germans were quick to see the 
possibilities, but they reckoned without the French, 
who, though outnumbered three to one, fought so 
desperately in the Oise valley that they held the 
Germans until reinforcements arrived. The Ger- 
mans were repulsed and gave up their attempt on 
Paris, turnin.g their attention again to Amiens. In 
the meantime anotlier French army began operating 
to the left of the army tliat blocked the road to 




TRENCH .\FTER BOMBARDMENT 

Tliis photograiih shows what a strongly fortified trench looked 
like after a severe artillery bombardment. .Just a ditch half 
filled with loose stones and jagged iron projections remains of a 
highly systematized and modern trench fortification. Under such 
a bombardment the infantry usually retired to the dugouts where 
they waited the signal of the enemy advance that was sure to 
follow the bombardment. When enough artillery was employed 
to do as much damage as shown in this illustration it was usually 
the best policy to retire to the second trenches. 



244 



THE HOUR OF THE ARMISTICE 



msr 




— 


r^:T^ 


F^ 


^ 


[B: 








^. 




'0 




fe 














Tn 


n'/! 




T' - 




^- 


























f o S V- # '^i '§ 1^ '® □ iJNsiGNiAsi ^, ^ S S\^® ® :ii T 
2 V ¥ f ;■•' ,©„ ^^ ^) M ,S.^ J^-.#:.i.-S M ^. i^ ® ft 6 mmO" 



Courtesy of Veterans Publishing Co., 271 W. i^stli St., New York. 

Upper part of this picture shows the position of all forces at the hour the armistice was signed. The 
lower section shows the principal special divisional and other insignia officially recognized by the war 
department. Large and more detailed prints of this chart, printed in true colors, may be procured from the 
address above given. 





i i 



l-KENCH VILI.A(;K— I'UBLIC WASH TROUGH IN F( )K i;( ,l<( : r M > 



Paris, and eventually connected up with the rem- 
nant of Gen. Cough's battered forces and the line 
was once more intact. From Hangard to Tilloy, on 
a twelve-mile front, this army was outnumbered ten 
to one, yet held out until the arrival of help equal- 
ized the fight. The last general offensive against 
Amiens was made April 4. The Germans were 
stopped within nine miles of their objective. 

The second phase of the big offensive commenced 
April 10 against the British and Portuguese on a 
front of fifteen miles from LaBasse to near Ypres. 
The Germans broke the British center, which was 
held by Portuguese troops but the attack finally 
lost its intensity without much ground being gained. 

Nature of the Fighting. 

The German method of attack was as fol- 
lows: A preparatory bombardment, brief but 
intense, began at inidnight on March 21, and lasted 
six hours. Within this period 1,, 500. 000 shells were 
fired by a single army. Most of the shells con- 
tained gas and were intended less to destroy the Brit- 
ish trenches than to destroy their occupants. 

The infantry attacked in successive waves. The 
waves swept over the zone of trenches, leaving sucli 
groups of British as still resisted to be dealt with 
by groups of special troops which followed the 
waves. Once in the open the waves advanced suc- 
cessively under constant artillery and machine gun 
barrages. All units had orders to advance as far and 
fast as possible. The troops were all provided with 
three days' rations and two days' water. 

Behind the fighting troops a large number of re- 
serves were assembled with which to fill the gaps in 
the ranks and reconstitute the divisions as quickly 
as possible. Airplanes played no great part in the 
German ofl'ensive, although bombing planes were 
used nightly to bomb the French and British rear, 
with a view to terrorization. 

Tactics Pursued by Allies. 

The Allies' tactics were not complicated. Once 
open fighting was resumed they had simply to de- 
fend their ground stubbornly with rifle and machine 
gun fire, counter-attacking with the bayonet when- 
ever that seemed expedient. They were outnum- 
bered and reserves were used sparingly. 

The first French troops engaged were cavalry, 
who fought dismounted. The infantry were trans- 
ported on camions, which during the critical days 
went right into the zone of fire, the troops climbing 




GEK.MA.V PILL BOX 



The German system of defense was to fortify an area instead 

e 
difficult to capture, and forcing the enemy to fight inch 



of only the front line leading into that area, making the entire 
ground difficult to capture, and forcing the enemy to fight inch 
by inch. Part of this plan was the employment of "pill boxes.' 



These were constructed of steel boxes buried in the ground 
with steel flanges over-hanging, leaving a slit of a couple of inches 
through which the machine gunners and riflemen fired. Being 
small they were hard for the artillery to discover and they 
infested an area large enough to make it costly for any one 
to attack them. Their main disadvantage lay in the isolation of 
the troops without any satisfactory means of leadership. 



down and forming firing lines immediately. The Al- 
lies' artillery in most instances reached the battle- 
field before the Germans and played a great part in 
checking the German advance. This was especially 
true of the French field pieces. As the Allies were 
constantly endeavoring to stabilize the lines they 
dug trenches wherever possible. 

Allies Superior in the Air. 

Throughout the battle the Allies' aviation service 
completely dominated that of the enemy. French 
and British fighting planes attacked the German in- 
fantry from low altitudes with machine guns, while 
bombing planes both day and night dropped bombs 
not only on enemy reserves but on the actual firing 
line, thus temporarily replacing the heavy artillery. 

The German plan was well conceived and exe- 
cuted with good strategy, good tactics and good 
morale but reckoned on a superiority which they 
did not possess. The Allies' preparation, strategy 
and tactics also proved good and the situation, mo- 
mentarily critical both in Picardy and Flanders, 
was soon re-established. 

The Germans claimed to have taken from the Brit- 
ish more than 100.000 prisoners and about 3,000 
guns, including trench tnortars, and from the French 
2,000 prisoners. The French and British each took 
about 2,000 prisoners. 

America's First Real Fight. 

On the 20th of April the Americans had their 
first serious encounter with the Germans. This was 
at Seicheprey, a village near Renners forest. The 
Gerinans captured the place but the Americans by a 
counter attack recovered the lost ground. On the 
25th and 26th the Germans took Mont Kemmel, 
Dranoutre and St. Eloi, while the British recaptured 
Villers-Brctonneaux. Fighting of a more or less 
local character continued throughout the rest of 
the month and in May with varying fortunes. 

Third Phase of Offensive. 

On May 27 the Germans began another great ofifen- 
sive, taking the Chemin des Dames from the French 
and crossing the Aisne river. On the following day 
they crossed the Vesle river at Fismes. On this day 
also the Americans won their first notable victory 
by capturing the village of Cantigny and taking 200 
prisoners. This position was held against many sub- 
sequent counter attacks. Soissons was taken by the 
Germans May 29th and on the 30th they occupied 
Fere-en-Tardenois and Vezily. On the 31st they 
readied Chateau Thierry and other points on the 
Marne, where they were halted by the French. 
Fighting of a spirited character continued for a few 
days longer but the Germans could advance no far- 
ther in that direction at that time. 

Chouy and Neuilly-St. Front fell to the Germans 
on June 1. On the following four days they took 
Pernant and a few villages but the French by 
counter attacks recaptured Pongport. Corey, Troes- 
nes and some other places. On June 6 Ainerican 
marines by a spirited attack gained two miles on 
a two and a half mile front near Veuilly-la-Poterie, 
taking Hill 143 near Torcy and entering Torcy itself. 
On the following day. with French aid, they com- 
pleted the capture of Vilny, Veuilly-la-Poterie, Bus- 
siaries, Belleau and the heights southeast of Haute- 
Vesnes. In a second battle northwest of Chateau 
Thierry the Americans advanced nearly two and a 
half miles on a six-mile front, taking about 300 pris- 
oners. In these battles the American troops con- 
firmed the impression that as fighters they were 
equal to their allies and that with more experience 
they would be as good as the best. 



346 




MOTORIZED ARTILLERY ON WAY TO FRONT 




CARCASS OF HORSE BLOWN INTO TREE BY HIGH EXPLOSIVE SHELL 



Fourth Phase of Offensive. 

On June 9 the Germans began the fourth phase 
of the offensive by attacking between Montdidier 
and the Oise river, advancing about four miles and 
taking several villages. On the ne.xt day they took 
the villages of Merv. Belloy and St. Maur and claimed 
the capture of 8.000 French. On this day the Amer- 
ican marines took the greater part of Belleau Woods. 
On June 11 they completed the capture of Belleau 
Woods, taking liOO prisoners and much war material. 
The French at tlie same time were winning impor- 
tant local victories and by June 14 the German offen- 
sive was recognized as a distinct failure. .A.t this 
time the United States liad over a million men in 
France. 

Allies Turn the Tide. 

The final German offensive beginning July 1.5th 
was scheduled to receive a severe setback from the 
Americans. West of Rheims the enemy succeed- 
ed in crossing the Marne and was making a drive up 
its valley toward Kpernay. This drive was the 
high tide of the German advance. Chateau Thierry 
stood between them and their goal and it was here 
that they encountered the U. S. Marines who, as- 
sisted by the U. S. Infantry, put up one of the most 
desperate and stubborn liglits of the war. It was on 
July 18th that the marines stopped the German ad- 
vance and out of 8,000 men their casualties were 
0,000. Belleau Woods was retaken time and again, 
and finally the Germans were driven out for good. 
The little chateau of Thierry, which held a strategic 
position in the Marne valley, where the German ad- 
vance came, suddenly liccame the watchword of 
American endeavor. Tlic marines w-ere immortal- 
ized. 

Then Gen. Foch, who seemed to have information 
of the Crown Prince's plans, prepared a mammoth 
surprise againse the Germans' right flank. On Thurs- 
day morning, July IS, a heavy blow was launched 
all the way from Chateau Thierry to the Aisne river 
northwest of Soissons. The Teutons were taken 
completely by surprise and town after town was 
taken without great resistance. The French and the 
Americans continued to advance steadily, taking 
tremendous amounts of ammunition, guns and pris- 
oners. By July 20, Soissons was threatened and the 
Germans found themselves in a very dangerous po- 
sition. It was a master stroke by Gen. Foch and 
the beginning of the end for Germany. 

Austrians Fail in Attack. 

On June 1"), urged on by the Germans, the .Aus- 
trians began an offensive along a Inmdred mile front 
against the Italians. They crossed tlie Piave and 
on the following two days attacked vigorously. 
Then the Italians, under the leadership of Gen. Diaz 
and assisted by Allied troops, counterattacked with 
impetuosity and within two or three days had turned 
the Austrian offensive into a great rout, killing thou- 
sands, taking other thousands prisoners and obtain- 
ing possession of a large amount of war material, 
including many .Austrian heavy calibre guns. The 
whole Austrian scheme to advance into the rich 
Italian plains, where they hoped to find great stores 
of food for their hungry soldiers, failed miserably. 

The defeat added to the general dissatisfaction 
in the dual empire and increased the bad feeling be- 
tween Austria-Hungary and Germany. 

In this connection it may be noted that Count 
Czernin, the Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, was 
forced to resign his position on April 15, 1918, fol- 
lowing the publication of a letter given out by the 
French government showing that Emperor Charles 
had favored giving .-Xlsace-Lorraine to France and 
restoring Belgium and Serbia in order to bring about 
peace. The letter caused a sensation and added to 
the ill feeling existing between the Central Powers. 



War on the Sea in 1918. 

On April 23, 1908, the British navy undertook to 
prevent the enemy from using the submarine bases 
on the Belgian coast at Ostend and Zebrugge. One 
hundred and fifty vessels participated in the spec- 
tacular raids on the harbor entrances at these two 
points, and finally succeeded in bottling up the en- 
emy by sinking ships filled with concrete in the chan- 
nels. This bold and important piece of strategy 
kept Germany from utilizing anywhere near her for- 
mer submarine strength and relieved the Allies from 
much an.xiety. 

Through the skill and bravery of Commander Pel- 
legrini and Commander Rizzo of the Italian navy, 
Austria-Hungary lost three battleships and one 
coast defense ship. These were torpedoed while ly- 
ing in harbor protected by swarms of torpedo boats. 
The coast defense ship "Wien" was sunk in De- 
cember, 1917, and the battleships in May and June, 
1918. 

Some losses were suffered by the American navy, 
but under all the circumstances they were not heav- 
ier tlian might have been expected. 

The work done by the navy was of a most ar- 
duous and exacting character, but it met every emer- 
gency and established a record, especially in the 
matter of convoying transports to Europe, of which 
it has every reason to be proud. Several transports 
were lost but in each case they were homeward 
bound. The transport Tuscania, on which more than 
200 soldiers lost their lives February 5, and the Mol- 
davia and Otranto were British. The largest .Amer- 
ican transiiorls lost were the President Lincoln May 
31, 1918, and the Covington, July 1. 

Notwithstanding that many ships of the Allied 
countries and neutral nations were sunk in the 
course of a year, it became apparent that the Ger- 
man policy of ruthless submarine warfare was 
doomed to failure. The seas around the British 
Isles became so unpleasant for the "U" boats that 
they ventured farther from their bases and even 
came to this side of the .Atlantic. In June they sank 
about a dozen ships off the .American coast. 

Big Guns Shell Paris. 

One of the sensational developments of the war 
was the invention of a gun by the Germans which 
threw shells a distance of from 60 to 70 miles. The 
longest range gun up to this time had a range of 
but 30 miles. Paris was subjected to a systematic 
shelling by this gun, causing some loss of life and 
proi>erty. The greatest fatality occurred when a 
shell struck a church where services were being 
lield on Good I'Viday, killing seventy-six people. 




^festei^ 





A.MKKICAN GRA\'EYA[U) IX FKAN'CE 

The resting place of American heroes who were buried near 
where tliey fell. In many a quiet prove in the valleys of eastern 
I-'rance one niinht come across a scene like this. The wooden 
crosses are two feet high and on each can be noted the identifi- 
cation tag which was worn by the soldier. Such small burial 
]ilots have now largely disappeared as the American dead are 
being removed to central cemeteries or returned to relatives 
ill the United States. 



248 




NARKOW CAUr.l-: KAII.ROAI) AMI (ROSS KllADS 




\ ii;w FROM SOUTH OF (;RAxn t arri: i arm 



The location of the great gun was long a subject of 
mystery but it was finally revealed that it was 
mounted in the St. Gobian forest, nearly seventy 
miles north of Paris. This long range bom'bardmenl 
brought the Germans no military advantage and 
utterly failed to adversely aflfect the morale of the 
French people. 

German Allies Desert. 

The pressure of the Entente had begun to be felt 
to such an extent that the allies of Germany could 
not stand the strain. One by one they deserted her. 
until it became inevitable that she would have to 
yield herself. Bulgaria was the first to surrender. 
Operations beginning September 14 by the Serbians, 
with Allied assistance, brought Bulgaria to her knees 
quickly, and on the evening of September 26 the 
Bulgarians asked that hostilities cease. At 11 P. M. 
September 29, the Bulgarian government signed 
peace with the Allies at Salonika. 

Having been cut off from Germany the Turkish 
government was in a hopeless position, which was 
made even worse by the complete defeat of its army 
in Palestine by Gen. Allenby. Troops entered Da- 
mascus on September 30, and Aleppo was captured 
October 26. Gen. Townshend, who had been im- 
prisoned since his capture liy the Turks at Kut-el- 
Amara, was released to bring the news of Turkey's 
desire for peace to the Allies. The armistice with 
Turkey was signed October 30, and among other 
things included the free passage of the Dardanelles 
and the occupation of the Bosporus. 

Collapse of Austria. 

The collapse of Austria-Hungary followed cIos3 
on the heels of that of Turkey. There were many 
minor engagements along the Piave and in the 
mountainous regions after the ill-fated Austrian 
drive in June, but there was nothing like a general 
ofifensive until after the middle of October. On the 
23rd of that month the Italians, aided by the French 
and British, attacked in the Monte Grappa region 
and on the Asiago plateau. They also struck along 
the upper reaches of the Piave river and before the 
25th had taken 3,000 prisoners. On the Piave they 




A.\ OBSERVATION TOWER 

n-'f'V ^"">' "'"*' have an "eye" or it cannot fight with success. 
\\ hilc the aeroplane has been called the "eye of the armv" it is a 
fact that terrestrial observation, when it can be secured, is 
both more accurate and dependable. The picture here showa 
one of the many ways of watching the, enemy. This is called 
a forward O. P. or observation post, and the observer is con- 
nected by a portable telephone, so he can quickly report to the 
lines back of him. 



captured the islands of Grave di Pappadopolo and 
Maggiore, which are in the vicinity of Odrizo. They 
took prisoner the enemy garrisons of these islands. 
A little farther to the north and west the Italians 
made important progress in the region of Monte 
Grappa, the scene of some of the hardest fighting 
of the war. They crossed the Ornic river and cap- 
tured Monte Solarolo and part of Monte Pertica. 
On October 29 the defeat of the Austrian army was 
complete. Over 100,000 prisoners had been taken, 
also 1,600 big guns. The Austrian armies had been 
split and there was nothing for Austria to do but 
raise the white flag, which she literally did. On 
November 1 Gen. Von Weber, an Austrian corps 
commander, personally appeared before the Italian 
staff and asked for an armistice. The terms sub- 
mitted were accepted by the Austrian government 
and signed by Gen. Diaz for Italy and the Austrian 
representative on Nov. 3 and at 3 o'clock the same 
day hostilities were at an end. 

Last Days on the Western Front. 

What happened on the western front between 
August 1 and November 11 is difficult to give in de- 
tail due to the large number of troops engaged, the 
swiftness with which the blows were struck, and the 
widely separated sectors on which the blows fell. 
It is possible to touch only on the more impor- 
tant engagements and these are recorded here in 
the order which they occurred. 

On Aug. 3 Gen. Pershing reported the capture of 
Fismes with over 8.000 prisoners and 133 guns. On 
August 8 the British and French launched an offen- 
sive in Picardy and on a front of more than twenty 
miles astride the Somme river pressed forward from 
six to seven miles, taking more than 10,000 prison- 
ers and capturing Moreuil, Hamel and numerous 
other places. 

Americans at Chipilly Ridge. 

Hard fighting at Chipilly ridge was done by Aus- 
tralian troops, ably assisted by American soldiers, 
former national guardsmen, and whose work won 
the highest praise. They fought like veterans and 
contributed materially to the victory. The battle 
was thus described in the dispatches of August 10: 

"Details of the brilliant battle which the Ameri- 
cans and British fou.ght for the spur are now avail- 
able. In order to go over the top at the appointed 
time yesterday afternoon the Americans were forced 
to make a rapid march, in the last part of which 
they ran so as to be in the fight. The American 
machine gunners and infantry went into the battle 
with their traditional enthusiasm. They met the 
Germans and defeated them here, just as they did 
along the Marne. 

"Chipilly spur, north of the Somme, was cap- 
tured by the American and British troops at 6 
o'clock. The attack began at .5 o'clock, when the 
.\llies drove forward between the Ancre and Somme. 
They were supported by tanks and were preceded by 
a heavy barrage fire. The enemy were driven north- 
ward toward Bray, northeast of Chipilly. In the 
American attack the German infantry held for a 
while and then broke, and the Americans kept go- 
ing, at some places without the assistance of tanks. 
The ground, pitted with deep gullies, was unsuited 
for tank warfare. 

"Certain American units had reached positions 
in front of a wood when the Germans opened fire 
with machine guns. Many of these enemy machine 
gunners came up from deep dugouts after the Amer- 
ican barrage had ceased and placed their guns in pre- 
pared pits. The Americans faced a hail of bullets 
here. The Germans continued to fire until put out 
of action." 

On August 14. Gen. March, chief of staff, an- 
nounced that the American regiment officially com- 



250 




UANTHEXILIJ-; AI'TEK IIE.WV SHELL I-IKE 




ASHES TO ASHES— DUST TO DUST 



mended for valorous deeds in the battle of Chipilly 
Ridge, was the 131st Infantry, formerly 1st Illinois 
Infantry from Chicago. The regiment was com- 
manded by Col. Joseph B. Sanborn. 

Montdidicr was taken by the French on .\ugust 10. 
The British also continued to advance and by Au.?. 
11, had captured 36,000 prisoners and 500 guns. This 
was a serious blow to the Germans, and Gen. Man- 
gin followed it up on Au.g. 20 with an attack on the 
Oise-Aisne front, netting 10.000 more prisoners. In 
the Lys salient the British also advanced several 
miles. Lassigny was taken on the 21st bv the 
French. On August 24 the British captured Thiep- 
val and Bray and reached the vicinity of Baupaume. 

Battle of Juvigny. 

Accompanied by a fleet of tanks and covered by 
a heavy artillery barrage, the American troops swept 
forward early on August 29 against the German po- 
sitions on the Juvigny plateau. The .Americans took 
the village of Juvigny after bitter resistance. The 
Yankee advance was slowed up by the vigorous de- 
fense of the Germans as the afternoon advanced. 
The German positions were shelled most vigorously 
by heavy guns, mortars and light pieces, firing al- 
most point blank, as well as by long range naval 
guns, which searched the positions far and near. 
And then the infantry advanced. 

The Germans immediately began to employ the 
tactics of similar retreats, leaving their rear de- 
fended by a line of machine guns hidden behind 
every clump of brush, promontory and woods. Only 
a few detachments of infantry were left, the army 
again adopting measures calculated to save the most 
men possible. From Couronne woods and another 
little wood standing like sentinels beliind Juvigny 
and the American lines, the German guns delivered 
a deadly crossfire. Juvigny is only a small village 
but, located along the side of a hill, it offered a pecu- 
liar opportunity for defense, until the advancing 
forces moved into positions from which they were 
able to make it untenable. The resistance then 
stopped, the Germans retiring east into more broken 
ground. 

On the same day the .-Xmericans took Juvigny the 
French captured Noyon, an important center for 
which there had been severe fighting. The British 
reached the west bank of the Somme, opposite Brie 
and Peronne, and captured Baupaume. On August 
31 the British announced that the whole of the 
Lys salient, including the famous Mont Kemmel, the 
"key to Ypres," had been taken. On September 1 
they captured Peronne, Bullecourt and St. Denis. 
On the same day for the first time Americans fought 
on Belgian soil and captured Voormezeele. On Sep- 
tember 2 the British pierced the Brocourt-St. Queant 
"switch line" and began a drive toward Douai and 
Cambria. By the 4th they had crossed the Canal 
du Nord. At the same time the Germans evacuated 
Lens. On this day the Germans were retreating on 
a front of 130 miles from Ypres south of Noyon. 
They withdrew before the Americans in the Vesle 
region. On September (i the French took Ham and 
began a drive on LaFere. By the 9th the Germans 
had been driven back to the original Hindenburg 
line, where their resistance began to strengthen. 



twelve miles, from St. Mihiel northeastward to Pont- 
a-Mousson and northward from St. Mihiel for a dis- 
tance of eight miles. 

French troops, co-operating with the Americans 
and under Gen. Pershing's direction, struck at the 
southern point of the salient at St. Mihiel. The 
offensive, the first undertaken on a pretentious 
scale by the Americans, was planned by the Amer- 
ican stafT and executed by American officers and 
troops. Tanks, artillery, airplanes, even down to 
the narrow gauge railways for rushing forward am- 
munition — all were manned by Americans. 

To the east of St. Mihiel the Americans captured 
Thiaucourt, Faunas and Nonsard. North of St. 
Mihiel Gen. Pershing's men took Combres and 
readied the western outskirts of Donmartin la Mon- 
taigne, about six or seven miles up toward Verdun, as 
well as Les Eparges and the neighboring hills. 

The attack was launched at five o'clock after a 
tornado of artillery preparation which lasted four 
hours. Light, medium and heavy artillery swept 
German positions with gas, high explosive and 
shrapnel shells. The entire triangle for miles back 
was an inferno of blasting metal, fairly smothering 
the enemy positions. 

In many cases smoke screens were used to add to 
the demoralization of the boche and to render uncer- 
tain the aim of his machine gunners. 

Promptly at Zero Hour the American troops left 
their trenches; some deployed as skirmishers where 
the nature of the ground permitted, others in pla- 
toon formation, wave following wave. There was 
not a hitch along the entire line. The infantry ad- 
vance was synchronized with the artillery, behind 
an intense rolling barrage timed for an advance of 
100 meters every four minutes. When the infantry 
started to advance a perfect storm of aerial missiles 
was loosed over the German rear lines to supple- 
ment tlie devastation of the artillery. Railroad cen- 
ters, bridges, hangars, munition supply centers, bili 
leting areas and everything of value were subjected 




Battle of St. Mihiel. 

September 12 will always be a red letter day in 
American military annals, for it was on that day 
that the First Army under the leadership of Gen. 
Pershing won the first really large operation under- 
taken by the expeditionary forces in France. This 
was the attack on and wiping out of the famous 
St. Mihiel salient. 

The attack, which started early in the morning, 
extended on the southern side for a distance of 



HUGE ALLIED T.\NK 

Plowing its way over trenches and earthworks of all descrip- 
tions these huge steel monsters played an important part in 
winning the war. Small arms were ineffective, only artillery 
being ahle to combat them. In big offensives the tanks would 
usually precede the infantry, flattening out the enemy's barbed 
w-ire and throwing con.sternation into their ranks by delivering 
a fire from their flanks or rear. Tanks were first used by the 
British in 19 16. The Germans spent millions of dollars in one 
sector a few miles north of \'erdun trying to stop the tanks by 
building concrete pillars 8 feet square. These were firmly im- 
bedded in the ground and placed close enough together so the 
tanks could not get through, but even this system of defense 
against tanks jn-oved ineffective. 




FIUST A.VIKKU .\.\ CRAVKS l.N l-KAM K 




\ 1IA\ III lil.Ali l.\ 1 l<|-..\l_ HEi, 



to an intense rain of bombs dropped by American 
aviators. 

Within a comparatively short time reports came 
back through liaison officers and signal corps cen- 
ters tliat the advance was progressing with clock- 
like regularity. The first objectives were reached 
early, and the troops, whose fighting is described as 
magnificent, stormed ahead to the next objective. 
In many instances the progress was so rapid that 
the troops reached their designated points ahead of 
schedule, and it was necessary to readjust the ar- 
tillery fire. Soon after their progress was such that 
the order came back from the observation stations 
for the artillery to move forward. While certain 
batteries speeded up their fire others hastily hooked 
up and, with horses galloping, rolled forward to 
new positions. 

The tanks did splendid service. Heavy concrete 
"pill boxes" sheltering machine guns, were encoun- 
tered at frequent intervals, as well as other nat- 
urall}' strong machine gun emplacements. These the 
American-manned tanks out out of action, either 
by direct fire or by charging over them, killing the 
crews and wrecking the pieces. Heavy belts of 
barbed wire were torn apart for the advance of the 
infantry. 

After tlie first hour there was never a question of 
who held supremacy in the air. At the outset of 
the assault there were a few boche flyers aloft but 
within a few minutes they had been shot down by 
the American pilots or were speedily winging their 
way toward the rear lines. This left the American 
observation planes free to check and direct the ar- 
tillery fire without molestation while the heavy, 
bombers worked without interference save for anti- 
aircraft guns, many of which were soon located and 
put out of action by the American light artillery. 

The enemy fire fluctuated in intensity and accuracy. 
At some points the German heavies responded with 
a strong fire at first, while at other places the "ar- 
riving" shells were infrequent and fired spasmodi- 
cally. Tlie enemy artillery at no time was able to 
interrupt the infantry schedule and on the whole, 
was altogether ineffective. As the action progressed 
the enemy's big gun fire dwindled, indicating that 
the Germans, aroused by progress of the Yankees, 
were withdrawing their heavies for fear of losing 
them. 

Prisoners declared that they had been expecting 
a drive by Gen. Pershing some place east of Verdun, 
but were uncertain as to the exact sector in which 
it would be made. They explained that the recent 
raids made by their troops and the promise of bo- 
nuses for American prisoners was due to the keen 




This 



HEADQUARlERS AT THE FRONT 
picture shows the P. C. (Post of Command) of the 



115th Inf. on the Alsace front. The colonel's headquarters was 
usually located very close to the lines, and connected by telephone 
and other methods of communication with the next higher unit, 
troops on either side, observation posts, the artillery and other 
special branches. This dugout was almost thirty feet below the 
surface. Layers of logs, sand bags, iron rails and concrete blocks 
form a protection which nothing but a six-inch shell or over 
cotild destroy. 



desire of the commanders to keep track of American 
units in the line in this region and the sectors fur- 
ther east. 

The first village fell into the hands of the Amer- 
icans within forty-five minutes and from then on 
reports came frequently and regularly of other vil- 
lages that had been occupied. 

Meanwhile cavalry was awaiting at advantageous 
points for the order to move. When it seemed that 
the infantry had secured a sufficient break through, 
the mounted troops galloped off along hilly roads 
and were soon reported operating several miles to 
the north, where they seized and held important 
places, ready to cut down fleeing enemy soldiers or 
to intercept the movement of reserves toward the 
front. 

By the 13th the St. Mihiel salient had been wiped 
out and the enemy was virtually with his back on the 
famous Wotan-Hindenburg line, with the American 
and French forces parallelling him from Verdun to 
the Moselle. 

Battlle in Argonne Forest. 

Gen. Pershing's troops continued fighting steadily 
and systematically advancing here and there and 
wearing out the Germans by a steady pressure. On 
September 26. after due preparation, they began an- 
other offensive along a front of twenty miles from 
the Meuse westward throiigh the Argonne forest. 
This operation developed into one of the bloodiest 
of the war for the Americans. The attack was on a 
front from the Meuse river northwest of Verdun 
through the Argonne forest to the Aisne. This front 
is northwest of the lines established by the Amer- 
icans after wiping out the St. Mihiel salient. It was 
the St. Mihiel victory — Gen. Pershing's first great 
drive — that made possible tlie Argonne offensive, be- 
cause it freed the Allies of the possibility of flank 
attack from the old St. Mihiel salient and opened 
up necessary communications to supply troops north 
and west of Verdun. 

The operation was opened with a terrific bom- 
bardment of the German lines lasting eleven hours. 
The last hour of bombardment consisted of intensive 
drum fire barrage. Resistance at first was rather 
weak, but stiffened sharply as the Americans and 
French advanced. The Germans, according to all 
indications, were expecting the attack and as the 
bombardment proceeded, withdrew a large part of 
their troops to rear positions. Evidently fearing 
loss of artillery they also withdrew cannon, leaving 
only machine gunners to harass the advance. As a 
result the losses of Americans and French were re- 
markably light, especially in the initial phase. 

Many towns fell to the Americans on the first day 
and prisoners soon began coming back. Before 
nightfall their number was more than 5,000. 

Break Hindenburg Line. 

On September 29 British and American troops 
smashed through the Hindenburg line at its strong- 
est point between Cambria and St. Quentin and ad- 
vanced several miles beyond it. British troops en- 
tered the suburbs of Cambria and outflanked St. 
Quentin. Many large towns and scores of villages 
were freed of the invader. Twenty-two thousand 
prisoners and more than 300 guns were captured. 
Meanwhile the Belgian army to the north tore a 
great hole in the German lines running from Dix- 
mude, ten miles from the North Sea, southward. 

Dixmude was captured and the Belgians pressed 
eastward, winning many important towns and 
heights, until they were within two miles of Roulers, 
the center of communication for the German lines in 
the whole of Flanders and for the German submarine 
bases of Ostend and Zeebrugge. The Belgians cap- 
tured .5,500 men and 300 guns. 

The breaking of the Hindenburg line below Cam- 



254 




D 
O 
■J 



c 
< 



bria was accomplished by one of the most remark- 
able feats of the war. The attack began when one 
English division crossed the wide and deep Scheldt 
canal near Belleglise on floats, rafts and improvised 
bridges, staggering the line of the heights to the 
east. While they were sweeping over these lines 
and up the rising ground to the east other troops 
crossed to the north and south to give support. It 
was a surprise to the Germans and the success is 
measured by the swiftness of the advance, once the 
canal was crossed. Town after town fell until the 
city of Cambria was passed both on the north and 
the south. 

The Canadian troops rushed down from the 
northwest to be the first to enter the city and soon 
won their way into the northwestern suburbs, but 
it is doubtful that they were the victors in the race 
as almost at the same time the G.^rd naval division 
entered the southern outskirts. 

The stage where the American troops took part 
in the world drama was a little to the north of where 
the British division swam the river. At this point 
the canal is tunnelled under ground. The .-Xmeri- 
cans advanced against the main Hindenburg line 
and captured the towns of Bellecourt and Naury. 

Tribute to Americans. 

"Never in this war have we seen keener or braver 
soldiers or more intelligent, high-minded men than 
the two divisions in the fighting north of St. Quen- 
tin." wrote the official correspondent with the Aus- 
tralian forces in France in describing the American 
assault on the Hindenburg line in the direction of 
Joncourt. "Some day. when the full story of this 
battle can be told, the American people will thrill 
with pride in these ma,gnificent troops upon whom 
a tremendous task fell. They were faced by the 
most formidable task that could be imposed upon 
them — the breaking of two double systems of the 
greatest defense line the German empire ever con- 
structed. On the left of their attack there was 
some uncertainty regarding the situation and this 
increased the difficulty of their work, yet these 
troops, under the enthusiasm of their high ideals, 
carried through their assault, penetrated even deep- 
er than had been intended and delivered a blow 
which attracted the greater part of the enemy re- 
sistance. Beyond all question they made it possi- 
ble to break the great defense line in a position of 
the utmost importance to tlie Allied cause." 

Early in October the Germans began evacuating 
Lille and other towns in northern France and Bel- 
gium and to remove their heavy artillery from the 
Belgian coast. On Oct. .'5 the French launched three 
drives — one north of St. Quentin, another north of 
Rheims, and a third to the east in Champagne. All 
were successful, netting much territory and many 
prisoners. 

On Oct. 4 the Americans resumed the attack west 
of the Meuse and advanced their lines from one to 
three miles, taking Hill 240 and the villages of 
Gesnes, Fleville, Chehery and LaFroges. In the 
face of heavy artillery and machine gun fire American 
troops forced the Germans back to the so-called 
Kriemhilde line. In the Champagne French and 
American troops struck to the north and west, 
capturing St. Souplet and other places, this suc- 
cess having been made possible by the previous cap- 
ture of Blanc Mont with some 3,000 prisoners. On 
the 6th the Americans captured St. Etienne. On Oc- 
tober 9 the Americans pressed on the southern out- 
skirts of Xirvy and entered Chaune wood. In the 
course of the operation they took 2,000 prisoners. 

On the same day (Oct. 9) the dispatches from the 
front told of the first great clean break through the 
Hindenburg system on the west. The armies of 
Field Marshal Haig, with some .\merican divisions 
as reinforcements, swept through a twenty-two mile 



gap made in the enemy defenses. At the deepest 
points the advance led by cavalrj' swept from nine 
to twelve miles beyond the Cambria-LeCatelet-St. 
Quentin line and almost reached the line of the 
LaSelle and Sambre rivers. Caudry, Clary. Bohain 
and a score of villages were freed. The advancing 
victorious divisions marched unopposed through the 
towns hastily deserted by the fleeing enemy. 

LeCateau was taken by the British on October 10 
and the advance was continued all along the line 
practically on the whole front. The enemy was 
forced to give up his positions north of the Suippe 
and the Arnes; on the 11th French cavalry entered 
Laneauville. The Argonne forest was finally cleaned 
up by the .\mericans and not a German remained 
in the Great wooded area which had been the scene 
of such sanguinary fighting. 

Capture of LaFere. 

French troops on October 1.3 captured the for- 
tress of LaFere, the strongest point on the whole 
of the south end of the old Hindenbur.g line. Thej' 
also entered Laon and the forest of St. Gobian. In 
the north French troops captured Roulers on tlie 
14th while the Belgians captured Hagebrook, Gits- 
berg and Bcvcrein with 300 prisoners. On October 
!."> the .\mericans took and passed St. Juvin after 
desperate fighting. 

The .American troops on October 16 occupied the 
town of Grandpre, on the north bank of the Aire 
river, north of the .\rgonne forest. Grandpre is 
only a village and its normal population is less than 
L.'iOO, but the place was of the greatest strategical 
importance. It was the junction of the railway feed- 
ing a great part of the German army. After their 
long struggle for the mastery of the Argonne woods 
the Americans moved several companies of infantry 
over the Aire river, which cuts across the northern 
end of the wood south of Grandpre, and under cover 
of heavy artillery fire moved, almost without stop- 
ping, along tlie eastern flank of the position and 
into the town. On the western side the French had 
advanced along the roads, making possible a iunc- 
tion of the .American First .Army and the French 
Fourth Army. 

German Retreat in Belgium. 

By this time (October 16) it was made clear that 
the Germans had started a retreat on a tremendous 
scale from northern Belgium. French cavalry ap- 
proached Thielt, seven miles from the banks of the 
Ghent-Bruges canal. The canal itself is only ten 
miles from the border of Holland. So fast was the 
enemy retreating that the French, British and Bel- 
gian infantry, at least in the center of the battle 
line, lost touch entirely with the enemy. The Bel- 
gians advanced astride the Thourout-Bruges and 
Thourout-Ostend roads, defeating the Germans who 
retreated rapidly. 

October 17 was a day of rejoicing for the Allies 
for Belgian civalry entered Bruges; Zeebrugge was 
abandoned and the British occupied Ostend. Lille 
was taken, practically undamaged, while the Germans 
further south evacuated Douai. King Albert and 
Queen Elizabeth entered Ostend the same day. 

Northeast of Bohain American and British troops, 
attacking over a nine mile front, gained nearly three 
miles at points. These advances were made despite 
seven German divisions hurled against them. Some 
3.000 prisoners were taken. The .Americans on Oc- 
tober 11 advanced north of Roma.gne, taking Banthe- 
ville without artillery preparation. The Americans 
pushed the German infantry and gunners back after 
fighting that lasted all day. Northwest of Grandpre 
tlie .Americans captured Talma farm in the face of 
stifif machine gun resistance. There was much fight- 
ing at close quarters throughout the day. 



256 




w 
o 

o 

o 



Valenciennes, the last city of importance remain- 
ing in German hands in French Flanders, was 
reached by the British October 30 and on the fol- 
lowing day they drove through strong German de- 
fenses over a fifteen mile front extending from Val- 
enciennes down to a point east of LeCateau. Xearly 
a dozen villages were taken in the advance. 

On October 2:', American troops captured strongly 
fortified hills in the Meuse region and the village 
of Bcllejoyeuse northwest of Grandprc. Victories 
continued from day to day on all parts of the front. 
Sometimes they were of comparatively little impor- 
tance, but oftener they recorded decisive triumphs 
over large forces of the enemy. Armistice negotia- 
tions had been begun before this but tlie Allies on 
the one hand were pressing their advantage to the 
utmost while the German.s in response to appeals 
from Marshal Von Hindenljurg, the Crown Prince 
and other leaders were resisting the best they could. 

One of the last heavy battles in which the Amer- 
icans took part was that on Nov. 1, when the First 
French army took Champigneulle and Landres-et- 
St. Georges after a heavy artillery preparation. 
Their advance on this occasion and previously en- 
abled them to threaten the enemy's most important 
line of communication, for which reason the opposi- 
tion to them was stubborn. Valenciennes was 
finally taken by the British November 2. Gen. 
Haig's forces then pressed forward toward Mau- 
beuge. On November 4 the .\mcricans reached Ste- 
nay and on the lith they crossed the Meuse. Bv the 
7th they entered Sedan, the place made famous by 
the downfall of Napoleon III in the war of 1870. 
On other parts of the American front the enemy 
retreated so fast that the infantry had to resort to 
motor cars to keep in touch wjth the foe. By Nov. 
10 Brussels was witliin range of Gen. Haig's guns. 

Final Fight by Americans. 

Thousands of .American heavy guns fired the part- 
ing shot to the Germans at exactly 11 o'clock. Nov. 
11, 1918. On the entire -American front from the 
Moselle to the region of Sedan, there was artillery 
activity in the morning, all tlie batteries preparing 
for the final salvos. At many batteries the men 
joined hands, forming a line as the lanyard of the 
final shot. There were a few seconds of silence as 
the shells shot through the heavy mist. Then the 
gunners cheered. American flags were raised by 
the soldiers over their dugouts and at the various 
headquarters. Northeast of Verdun the infantry be- 
gan to advance at 9 o'clock, after artillery prepara- 
tion, in tlie direction of Ornes. 

The German artillery responded feebly, but the 
machine gun resistance was stubborn. Neverthe- 
less the Americans made progress. Orders were 
issued to hold the positions reached by 11 o'clock 
and at these points the troops began to dig in, mark- 
ing the advance positions of the .-\merican line when 



hostilities ceased. Along the American front the 
eleventh hour was like awaiting the arrival of a 
new year. The gunners continued to fire, counting 
the shells as the time approached. The infantry 
was advancing, with glances at their watches. The 
men holding at other places organized their posi- 
tions to make tlicmselves more secure. 

Then the individual groups unfurled the Stars and 
Stripes, shook hands and cheered. Soon afterwards 
they were preparing for luncheon. All the boys 
were hungry as they had breakfasted early in an- 
ticipation of what they considered the greatest day 
in .American history. 

Negotiations for Armistice. 

Long before the final shots were fired the Ger- 
mans had seen what the outcome was to be and 
asked for an armistice. On October 3 Chancellor 
Von Hertling resigned and his successor. Prince 
Maximilian of Baden immediately set out to secure 
peace. On October 29 the supreme war council 
had agreed upon tentative terms, a resume of which 
were sent to Pres. Wilson for his approval. Nu- 
merous 'conferences were held, the first formal 
meeting of the representatives of the Entente tak- 
ing place Oct. 31, 1918. After several sessions the 
armistice terms were drafted and agreed upon by 
the .Allies on Nov. 4. The following day Pres. Wil- 
son advised the Germans that Marshal Foch, com- 
mander of the .Allied armies, was authorized and 
ready to receive accredited representatives to whom 
the terms would be given. The German delegates 
crossed the lines at Houdroy on Nov. 7 and reached 
Marshal Foch's headquarters on the morning of the 
8th with full powers from the chancellor. They for- 
mally asked for an armistice, and were given the 
terms with seventy-two hours in which to answer 
them. The time limit expired at 11 o'clock a. m., 
November 11, 1918. The German government con- 
sidered the armistice conditions at a sitting in Ber- 
lin on Nov. 10, and telephoned instructions from Ber- 
lin, through Spa, authorizing the delegates to sign. 
The actual signing took place at 5 a. m. November 
11. The news was immediately sent by telegraph, 
cable and wireless to all parts of the world and was 
received everywhere with the greatest outburst of 
joy and thankfulness that the greatest war of all 
history was at an end. 

Pres. Wilson issued tlie formal iiroclamation to 
the United States as follows: 

"My Fellow Countrj'men: The armistice was 
signed this morning. Everything for which 
America fought has been accomplished. It will 
now be our fortunate duty to assist by exam- 
ple, by sober, friendly counsel, and by material 
aid in the establishment of just democracy 
throughout the world. 

"Woodrow W'ilson." 



•i58 




jj. ll lj >< l «l l l - 



Report of General Pershing to the Secretary of War 



November 20, 1918. 
yiy dear Mr. Secretary: 

In response to your request, I have the honor to 
submit this brief summary of the organization and 
operations of the American Expeditionary Force 
from May 26, 1917, until the signing of the armistice 
November 11. 1918. 

Piirsuant to your instructions, immediatelv upon 
receiving my orders I selected a small stafif and pro- 
ceeded to Europe in order to become familiar with 
conditions at the earliest possible moment. 

The warmth of our reception in England and 
France was only equalled by the readiness of the 
cornmanders in chief of the veteran armies of the 
Allies and their staffs to place their experience at 
our disposal. In consultation with them the most 
effective means of co-operation of effort was con- 
sidered. With French and British armies at their 
maximum strength, and all efforts to dispossess the 
enemy from his firmly intrenched positions in Bel- 
gium and France failed, it was necessary to plan for 
an American force adequate to turn the scale in 
favor of the -\llies. Taking account of the strength 
of the central powers at that time, the immensity" of 
the problem which confronted us could hardly be 
overestimated. The first requisite being an organi- 
zation that could give intelligent direction to ef- 
fort, the formation of a General Staff occupied my 
early attention. 

General Staff. 

-A well organized General Staff through which 
the commander exercises his functions is essential 
to a successful modern army. However capable 
our division, our battalion, and our companies as 
such, success would be impossible without thor- 
oughlv co-ordinated endeavor. A General Staff 
broadly organized and trained for war had not 
hitherto existed in our Army. Under the Comman- 
der in Chief, this staff must carry out the policy 
and direct the details of administration, supply, 
preparation, and operations of the Army as a whole, 
with al! special branches and bureaus subject to its 
control. .\s models to aid us we had the veteran 
French General Staff and the experience of the 
British who had similarly formed an organization 
to meet the demands of a great army. By select- 
ing from each the features best adapted to our basic 
organization, and fortified by our own early expe- 
rience in the war, the development of our great 
General Staff system was completed. 

The General Staff is naturallv divided into five 
grouDs. each with its chief who is an assistant to 
the Chief of the General Staff. G. 1 is in charge of 
organization and equipment of troops, replace- 
ments, tonnage, priority of overseas shipment, the 
auxiliary welfare association and cognate subjects: 
G. 2 has cerisorship, enemy intelligence, gathering 
and disseminating information, preparation of 
maps, and all similar subjects: G. 3 is charged with 
all strategic studies and plans, movements of troops, 
and the supervision of combat operations; G. 4 co- 
ordinates important questions of supply, construc- 
tion, transport arrangements for combat, and of the 
operations of the service of supply, and of hospital- 
ization and the evacuation of the sick and wounded: 
G. 5 supervises the various schools and has general 
direction and co-ordination of education and train- 
ing. 

The first Chief of Staff was Col. (now Maj. Gen.> 
James G. Harbord. who was succeeded in Mav. 
1918, by Maj. Gen, James \V. McAndrew. To these 
officers, to the Deputy Chief of Staff, and to the as- 
sistant Chiefs of Staff, who, as heads of sections 



aided them, great credit is due for the results ob- 
tained not only in perfecting the General Staff or- 
ganization but in applying correct principles to the 
multiplicity of problems that have arisen. 

Organization and Training, 

After a thorough consideration of allied organi- 
zations it was decided that our combat division 
should consist of four regiments of infantry of 3.000 
men, with three battalions to a regiment and four 
companies of 350 men each to a battalion, and of an 
artillery brigade of three regiments, a machine-gun 
battalion, an engineer regiment, a trench-mortar 
battery, a signal battalion, wagon trains, and the 
Iieadquarters staffs and military police. These, 
with medical and other units, made a total of over 
28,000 men, or practically double the size of a 
French or German division, Each corps would nor- 
mally consist of si.x divisions — four combat and one 
depot and one replacement division — and also two 
regiments of cavalry, and each army of from three 
to five corps. With four divisions fully trained, a 
corps could take over an American sector with two 
divisions in line and two in reserve, with the depot 
and replacement divisions prepared to fill the gaps 
in the ranks. 

Our purpose was to prepare an integral Ameri- 
can force which should be able to take the offensive 
in every respect, Accordin.gly, the development of 
a self-reliant infantry by thorough drill in the use 
of the rifle and in the tactics of open warfare was 
always uppermost. The plan of training after ar- 
rival in France allowed a division one month for 
acclimatization and instruction in small units from 
battalions down, a second month in quiet trench 
sectors by battalion, and a third month after it came 
out of the trenches when it should be trained as a 
complete division in war of movement. 

Very early a system of schools was outlined and 
started, which should have the advantage of in- 
struction by officers direct from the front. At the 
great school center at Langres, one of the first to be 
organized, was the staff school, where the principles 
of general staff work, as laid down in our own or- 
ganization, were taught to carefully selected offi- 
cers. Men in the ranks who had shown qualities 
of leadership were sent to the school of candidates 
for commissions. A school of the line tau.ght 
younger officers the principles of leadership, tac- 
tics, and the use of the different weapons. In the 
artillery school, at Saumur, youn.g officers were 
taught the fundamental principles of modern artil- 
lery: while at Issoudun an immense plant was built 
for training cadets in aviation. These and other 
schools, with their well-considered curriculums for 
training in every branch of our or.ganization, were 
co-ordinated in a manner best to develop an effi- 
cient Army out of willing and industrious young men, 
many of whom had not before known even the 
rudiments of military technique. Both Marshal Haig 
and General Petain placed officers and men at our 
disposal for instructional purposes, and we are 
deeply indebted for the opportunities given to profit 
by their veteran experience. 

American Zone. 

The eventual place the .'\merican Army should 
take on the western front was to a large extent in- 
fluenced by the vital questions of communication 
and supply. The northern ports of France were 
crowded by the British Armies' shipping and sup- 
plies while the southern ports, though otherwise at 
our service, had not adequate port facilities for our 



2G0 



purposes and these we should have to build. The 
already overtaxed railway system behind the active 
front in northern France would not be available for 
us as lines of supply and those leading from the 
southern ports of northeastern France would be 
unequal to our needs without much new construc- 
tion. Practically all warehouses, supply depots and 
regulating stations must be provided by fresh con- 
structions. While France offered us such material 
as she had to spare after a drain of three vears, 
enormous cjuantities of material had to be brouglu 
across the Atlantic. 

With such a problem any temporization or lack 
of definiteness in making plans might cause fail- 
ure even with victory within our grasp. Moreover, 
broad plans commensurate with our national pur- 
pose and resources would bring conviction of our 
power to every soldier in the front line, to the 
nations associated with us in the war. and to the 
enemy. The tonnage for material for necessary 
construction for the supply of an army of three and 
perhaps four million men would require a mam- 
moth program of shipbuilding at home, and miles 
of dock construction in France, with a correspond- 
ingly large project for additional railways and for 
storage depots. 

All these considerations led to the inevitable con- 
clusion that if we were to handle and supply the 
great forces deemed essential to win the war we 
must utilize the southern ports of France — Bor- 
deau.x. La Pallice, St. Nazaire, and Brest — and the 
comparatively unused railway systems leading there- 
from to the northeast. Generally speaking, then, 
this would contemplate the use of our forces against 
the enemy somewhere in that direction, but the great 
depots of supply must be centrally located, prefer- 
ably in the area included by Tours, Bourges, and 
Chateauroux, so that our armies could be supplied 
with equal facility wherever they might be serving 
on the western front. 

Growth of the Service of Supply. 

To build up such a system there were talented 
men in the Regular Army, but more experts were 
necessary than the Army could furnish. Thanks to 
the patriotic spirit of our people at home, there 
came from civil life men trained for every sort of 
work involved in building and managing the or- 
ganization necessary to handle and transport such 
an army and keep it supplied. With such assist- 
ance the construction and general development of 
our plans have kept pace with the growth of the 
forces, and the Service of Supply is now able to 
discharge from ships and move 45,000 tons daily, 
besides transporting troops and material in the con- 
duct of active operations. 

As to organization, all the administrative and 
supply services, except the Adjutant General's, fn- 
spector General's, and Judge Advocate General's 
Departments, which remain at general headquar- 
ters, have been transferred to the headquarters of 
the services of supplies at Tours under a command- 
ing general responsible to the Commander in Chief 
for supply of the armies. The Chief Quartermas- 
ter, Chief Surgeon. Chief Signal Officer. Chief of 
Ordnance, Chief of Air Service, Chief of Chemical 
Warfare, the general purchasing agent in all that 
pertains to questions of procurement and supply, 
the Provost Marshal General in the maintenance 
of order in general, the Director General of Trans- 
portation in all that affects such matters, and the 
Chief Engineer in all matters of administration and 
supply, are subordinate to the Coinmanding Gen- 
eral of the Service of Supply, who, assisted by a 
staff especially organized for the purpose, is charged 
with the administrative co-ordination of all these 
services. 

The transportation department under the Service 



of Supply directs the operation, maintenance, and 
construction of railways, the operation of terminals, 
the unloading of ships, and transportation of mate- 
rial to warehouses or to the front. Its functions 
make necessary the most intimate relationship be- 
tween our organization and that of the French, 
with the practical result that our transportation de- 
partment has been able to improve materially the 
operations of railways generally. Constantly labor- 
ing under a shortage of rolling stock, the transpor- 
tation department has nevertheless been able by ef- 
ficient management to meet every emergency. 

The Engineer Corps is charged with all con- 
struction, including light railways and roads. It 
has planned and constructed the many projects re- 
quired, the most important of which are the new 
wharves at Bordeaux and Nantes, and the immense 
storage depots at La Pallice, A'lonitor, and Gievres. 
besides innumerable hospitals and barracks in vari- 
ous ports of France. These projects have all been 
carried on by phases keeping pace with our needs. 
The Forestr}' Service under the Engineer Corps 
has cut the greater part of the timber and railway 
ties required. 

To meet the shortage of supplies from America, 
due to lack of shipping, the representatives of the 
different supply departments were constantly in 
search of available material and supplies in Europe. 
In order to co-ordinate these purchases and to pre- 
vent competition between our departments, a gen- 
eral purchasing agency was created early in our 
experience to co-ordinate our purchases and, if pos- 
sible, induce our Allies to apply the principle among 
the Allied armies. While there was no authority 
for the general use of appropriations, this was met 
by grouping the purchasing representatives of the 
different departments under one control charged 
with the duty of consolidating requisitions and pur- 
chases. Our efforts to extend the principle have 
been signally successful, and all purchases for the 
.\llied armies are now on an equitable and co-opera- 
tive basis. Indeed, it may be said tliat tlie work of 
this bureau has been thoroughlj- erficient and busi- 
ness like. 

Artillery, Airplanes, and Tanks. 

Our entry into the war found us with few of the 
au.xiliaries necessary for its conduct in the modern 
sense. Among our most important deficiencies in 
material were artillery, aviation, and tanks. In 
order to meet our requirements as rapidly as pos- 
sible, we accepted the offer of the French Govern- 
ment to provide us with the necessary artillery 
equipment of seventy-fives, one fifty-five millimeter 
howitzers, and one fifty-five G P F guns from their 
own factories for thirty divisions. The wisdom of 
this course is fully demonstrated by the fact that, 
although we soon began the manufacture of these 
classes of guns at home, there were no guns of the 
calibers mentioned manufactured in America on 
our front at the date the Armistice was signed. The 
only guns of these types produced at home thus far 
received in France are 109 seventy-five millimeter 
guns. 

In aviation we were in the same situation, and 
here again the French Government came to our aid 
until our own aviation program should be under 
way. We obtained from the French the necessary 
planes for training our personnel, and they have 
provided us with a total of 2,676 pursuit, observa- 
tion, and bombing planes. The first airplanes re- 
ceived from home arrived in May, and altogether 
we have received 1,379. The first .-Xmerican squad- 
ron completely equipped by .\merican production, 
including airplanes, crossed the German lines on 
.August 7, 1918. As to tanks, we were also com- 
pelled to rely upon the French. Here, however, we 
were less fortunate, for the reason that the French 



262 




O 

« 

o 

D 



O 

P5 

O 

o 

Q 
W 

y, 

o 



o 

w 

s 



production could barely meet the requirenients of 
their own armies. 

It should be fully realized tliat the French Gov- 
ernment has always taken a most liberal attitude 
and has been most anxious to give us every possible 
assistance in meeting our deficiencies in these as 
well as in other respects. Our dependence upon 
France for artillery, aviation, and tanks was, of 
course, due to the fact that our industries had not 
been exclusively devoted to military production. 
All credit is due our own manufacturers for their 
efiforts to meet our requirements, as at the time the 
Armistice was signed we were able to look forward 
to the early supply of practically all our necessities 
from our own factories. 

The welfare of the troops touches my responsibil- 
ity as Commander in Chief to the mothers and fa- 
thers and kindred of the men who came to France 
in the impressionable period of youtli. They could 
not have the privilege accorded European soldiers 
during their periods of leave of visiting their fami- 
lies and renewing their home ties. Fully realizing 
that the standard of conduct that should be estab- 
lished for them must have a permanent influence in 
their lives and on the character of their future citi- 
zenship, the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian 
Association, Knights of Columbus, the Salvation 
Army, and the Jewish Welfare Board, as auxilia- 
ries in this work, were encouraged in every possible 
way. The fact that our soldiers, in a land of differ- 
ent customs and language, have borne themselves 
in a manner in keeping with the cause for which 
they fought, is due not only to the efforts in their 
behalf but much more to their high ideals, their dis- 
cipline, and their innate sense of self-respect. It 
should be recorded, however, that the members of 
these welfare societies have been untiring in their 
desire to be of real service to our officers and men. 
The patriotic devotion of these representative men 
and women has given a new significance to the 
Golden Rule, and we owe to them a debt of grati- 
tude that can never be repaid. 

Combat Operations. 

During our periods of trainin.g in the trenches 
some of our divisions had enga.ged the enemy in 
local combats, the most important of which was 
Seicheprey by the Twenty-sixth on April 20. in the 
Toul sector, but none had participated in action as 
a unit. The First division, which had passed througli 
the preliminary stages of training, had gone to 
the trenches for its first period of instruction at 
the end of October and by March 21. when the 
German ofifensive in Picardy began, we had four 
divisions with experience in the trenches, all of 
which were equal to any demands of battle action. 
The crisis which this offensive developed was such 
that our occupation of an American sector must be 
postponed. 

On March 38 I placed at the disposal of Marshal 
Foch, who had been agreed upon as Commander in 
Chief of the Allied Armies, all of our forces to be 
used as he might decide. At his request the first 
division was transferred from the Toul sector to a 
position in reserve at Chaumont en Vexin. As Ger- 
man superiority in numbers required prompt action, 
an agreement was reached at the Abbeville confer- 
ence of the Allied premiers and commanders and 
myself on Alay 2 by which British shipping was to 
transport 10 American divisions to the British Army 
area, where they were to be trained and equipped, 
and additional British shipping was to be provided 
for as many divisions as possible for use elsewhere. 

On April 26 the First Division had gone into the 
line in the Montdidier salient on the Picardy battle 
front. Tactics had been suddenly revolutionized to 
those of open warfare, and our men, confident of 
the results of their training, were eager for the test. 



On the morning of Alay 28 this division attacked 
the commanding German position in its front, tak- 
ing with splendid dash the town of Cantigny and 
all other objectives, which were organized and held 
steadfastly against vicious counterattacks and gall- 
ing artillery fire. Although local, this brilliant 
action had an electrical effect, as it demonstrated 
our fightin.g qualities under extreme battle condi- 
tions, and also that the enemy's troops were not al- 
together invincible. 

The Germans' Aisne offensive, which began on 
^lay 27, had advanced rapidly toward the River 
Marne and Paris, and the Allies faced a crisis 
equally as grave as that of the Picardy offensive in 
March, .\gain every available man was placed at 
Marshal I'och's disposal, and the Third Division, 
which had just come from its preliminary training 
in the trenches, was hurried to the Marne. Its mo- 
torized machine gun battalion preceded the other 
units and successfully lield the bridgehead at the 
Marne. opposite Chateau-Thierry. The Second 
Division, in reserve near Montdidier. was sent by 
motor trucks and other available transport to check 
the progress of the enemy toward Paris. The Divi- 
sion attacked and retoo'k the town and railroad sta- 
tion at Bouresches and sturdily held its ground 
against the enemy's best guard divisions. In the 
battle of Belleau Wood, which followed, our men 
proved their superiority and gained a strong tacti- 
cal position, with far greater loss to the enemy than 
to ourselves. On July 1. before the Second was re- 
lieved, it captured the village of Vaux with most 
splendid precision. 

Meanwhile our Second Corps, under IMaj. Gen. 
George W. Read, had been organized for the com- 
mand of our divisions with the British, which were 
lield back in training areas or assigned to second- 
line defenses. Five of the ten divisions were with- 
drawn from the British area in June, three to re- 
lieve divisions in Lorraine and the Vosges and two 
to the Paris area to join the .group of American 
divisions which stood between the city and any 
farther advance of the enemy in that direction. 

The great June-July troop movement from the 
States was well under way, and, although these 
troops were to be given some preliminary trainin.g 
before being put into action, their very presence 
warranted the use of all the older divisions in the 
confidence that we did not lack reserves. Elements 
of the Forty-second Division were in the line east 
of Rhcims against the German offensive of July 15, 
and held their ground unflinchingly. On the right 
Hank of this offensive four companies of the Twen- 
ty-eighth Division were in position in face of the 
advancing waves of the German infantry. The 
Third Division was holding the bank of the Marne 
from the bend east of the mouth of the Surmelin to 
the west of Mezy. opposite Chateau Thierry, where 
a large force of German infantry sought to force a 
passage under support of powerful artillery concen- 
trations and under cover of smoke screens. A single 
regiment of the Third wrote one of the most brilliant 
pages in our military annals on this occasion. It 
prevented the crossing at certain points on its 
front while, on either flank, the Germans, who had 
gained a footing, pressed forward. Our men. fir- 
ing in three directions, met the German attacks 
with counterattacks at critical points and succeeded 
in throwin.g two German divisions into complete 
confusion, capturing 600 prisoners. 

The great force of the German Chateau-Thierry 
offensive established the deep Marne salient, but 
the enemy was taking chances, and the vulnerabil- 
ity of this pocket to attack might be turned to his 
disadvantage. Seizing this opportunity to support 
my conviction, every division, with any sort of train- 
ing was made available for use in a counter-oft'en- 
sive. The place of honor in the thrust toward 
Soissons on July IS was given to our First and Sec- 



264 



ond Divisions in company with chosen French divi- 
sions. Without the usual brief warning of a pre- 
liminary bombardment, the massed French and 
American artillery, tiring; by the map, laid down its 
rolling barrage at dawn while the infantry began 
its charge. The tactical handling of our troops 
under these trying conditions was excellent through- 
out the action. The enemy brought up large num- 
bers of reserves and made a stubborn defense both 
with machine guns and artillery, but through five 
days' fighting the First Division continued to ad- 
vance until it had gained the heights above Sois- 
sons and captured the village of Berzyle-sec. The 
Second Division took Beau Repaire farm and Vierzy 
in a very rapid advance and reached a position in 
front of Tigny at the end of its second day. These 
two divisions captured 7,000 prisoners and over 100 
pieces of artillery. 

The Twenty-sixth Division, which, with a French 
division, was under command of our First Corps, 
acted as a pivot of the movement toward Soissons. 
On the 18th it took the village of Torcy while the 
Third Division was crossing the Marne in pursuit 
of the retiring enemy. The Twenty-sixth attacked 
again on the 21st, and the enemy withdrew past the 
Chateau Thierry-Soissons road. The Third Divi- 
sion, continuing its progress, took the heights of 
Mont St. Pere and the villages of Charteves and 
Jaulgonne in the face of both machine-gun and ar- 
tillery fire. 

On the 24th, after the Germans had fallen back 
from Trugny and Epieds, our Forty-second Divi- 
sion, which had been brought over from the Cham- 
pagne, relieved the Twenty-sixth and, fighting its 
way through the Foret de Fere, overwhelmed the 
nest of machine guns in its path. By the 27th it 
had reached the Ourcq, whence the Third and 
Fourth Divisions were already advancing', while 
the French divisions with which we were co-operat- 
ing were moving forward at other points. 

The Third Division had made its advance into 
Roncheres Wood on the Siith and was relieved for 
rest by a brigade of the Thirty-second. The Forty- 
second and Thirty-second undertook the task of 
conquering the heights beyond Cierges, the Forty- 
second capturing Sergy and the Thirty-second cap- 
turing Hill 230, both American divisions joining in 
the pursuit of the enemy to the Vesle, and thus the 
operation of reducing the salient was finished. 
Meanwhile the Forty-second was relieved by the 
Fourtli at Chery-Chartreuve, and the Thirty-sec- 
ond by the Twenty-eighth, while the Seventy-sev- 
enth Division took up a position on the Vesle. The 
operations of these divisions oh the Vesle were 
under the Third Corps, Maj. Gen. Robert L. Bul- 
lard, commanding. 

Battle of St. Mihiel. 

With the reduction of the Marne salient we could 
look forward to the concentration of our divisions 
in our own zone. In view of the forthcoming opera- 
tion against the St. Mihiel salient, which had long 
been planned as our first offensive action on a large 
scale, the First Army was organized on August 10 
under my personal command. While American 
units had held difTerent divisional and corps sectors 
along the western front, there had not been up to 
this time, for obvious reasons, a distinct American 
sector: but, in view of the important parts the 
American forces were now to play, it was necessary 
to take over a permanent portion of the line. Ac- 
cordingly, on August 30. the line beginning at Port 
sur Seille. east of the Moselle and extending to the 
west through St. Mihiel, thence north to a point op- 
posite Verdun, was placed under my command. The 
American sector was afterwards extended across 
the Meuse to the western edge of the Argonne For- 
est, and included the Second Colonial French, wdiich 



held the point of the salient, and the Seventeenth 
French Corps, which occupied the heights above 
Verdun. 

Tlie preparation for a complicated operation 
against the formidable defenses in front of us in- 
cluded the assembling of divisions and of corps and 
army artillery, transport, aircraft, tanks, ambu- 
lances, the location of hospitals, and the molding 
together of all the elements of a great modern army 
with its own railheads, supplied directly by our own 
Service of Supply. The concentration for this 
operation, which was to be a surprise, involved the 
movement, mostly at night, of approximately 600,- 
000 troops, and required for its success the most 
careful attention to every detail. 

The French were generous in giving us assistance 
in corps and army artillery, with its personnel, and 
we were confident from the start of our superiority 
over the enemy in guns of all calibers. Our heavy 
guns were able to reach Metz and to interfere se- 
riously with German rail movements. The French 
Independent Air Force was placed under my com- 
mand, which, together w-ith the British bombing 
squadrons and our air forces, gave us the largest 
assembly of aviation that had ever been engaged in 
one operation on the western front. 

From Les Eparges around the nose of the salient 
at St. Mihiel to the Moselle River the line was 
roughly 40 miles long and situated on commanding 
ground greatly strengthened by artificial defenses. 
Our l-'irst Corps (Eighty-second. Ninetieth, Fifth, 
and Second Divisions) under command of Maj. 
Gen. Hunter Liggett, restrung its right on Pont-a- 
Mousson, with its left joining our Third Corps (the 
Eighty-ninth, Forty-second, and First Divisions), 
under Maj. Gen. Joseph T. Dickman, in line to 
Xivray, were to swing in toward Vigneulles on the 
pivot of the Moselle River for the initial assault. 
From Xivray to Mouilly the Second Colonial French 
Corps was in line in the center and our Fifth 
Corps, under command of Maj. Gen. George H. 
Cameron, with our Twenty-sixth Division and a 
French division at the western base of the salient, 
were to attack three difticult hills — Les Eparges, 
Combres, and .\maramthe. Our First Corps had in 
reserve the Seventy-eighth Division, our Fourth 
Corps the Third Division, and our First .'\rmv the 
Thirty-fifth and Ninety-first Divisions, with the 
Eightieth and Thirty-third available. It should be 
understood that our corps organizations are very 
elastic, and that we have at no time had permanent 
assignments of divisions to corps. 

After four hours of artillery preparation, the 
seven American divisions in the front line advanced 
at 5 a. m., on September 12, assisted by a limited 
number of tanks manned partly by Americans and 
partly by the French. These divisions, accom- 
panied by groups of wire cutters and others armed 
with bangalore torpedoes, went through the suc- 
cessive bands of barbed wire that protected the en- 
emy's front line and support trenches, in irresistible 
waves on schedule time, breaking down all defense 
of an enemy demoralized by the great volume of our 
artillery fire and our sudden approach out of the fog. 

Our First Corps advanced to Thiaucourt, while 
our Fourth Corps curved back to the southwest 
through Nonsard. The Second Colonial French 
Corps made the slight advance required of it on 
very difficult ground, and the Fifth Corps took its 
three ridges and repulsed a counter attack. A rapid 
march brought reserve regiments of a Division of 
the Fifth Corps into Vigneulles in the early morn- 
ing, where it linked up with patrols of our Fourth 
Corps, closing the salient and forming a new line 
west of Thiaucourt to Vigneulles and beyond Fres- 
nes-en-Woevre. At the cost of only 7,000 casual- 
ties, mostly light, we had taken 16,000 prisoners 
and 443 guns, a great quantity of material, released 
the inhabitants of many villages from enemy dom- 



266 




z 



o 



ination, and established our lines in a position to 
threaten Metz. This signal success of the Ameri- 
can First Army in its first offensive was of prime 
importance. The Allies found they had a formi- 
dable army to aid them, and the enemy learned finally 
that he had one to reckon with. 

Meuse-Argonne Offensive, First Phase. 

On the da.v after we had taken the St. Mihiel sali- 
ent, much of our Corps and Army artillery which 
had operated at St. Mihiel, and our Divisions in 
reserve at other points, were already on the move 
toward the area back of the line between the Meuse 
River and the western edge of the forest of Argonne. 
With the exception of St. Mihiel, the old German 
front line from Switzerland to the east of Rheims 
was still intact. In the general attack all along the 
line, the operation assigned the American Army as 
the hinge of this Allied offensive wp.s directed to- 
ward the important railroad communications of the 
German armies through Mezieres and Sedan. The 
enemy must hold fast to this part of his lines or the 
withdrawal of his forces with four years' accumu- 
lation of plants and material would be dangerously 
imperiled. 

The German Army had as yet shown no demoral- 
ization and, Avhile the mass of its troops had suffered 
in morale, its first-class divisions and notably its 
machine-gun defense were exhibiting remarkable 
tactical efficiency as well as courage. The German 
General Staff was fully aware of the consequences 
of a success on the AIeuse-.-\rgonne line. Certain 
that he would do everytliing in his power to oppose 
us, the action was planned with as much secrecy as 
possible and was undertaken with the determina- 
tion to use all our Divisions in forcing decision. We 
expected to draw the best German divisions to our 
front and to consume them while the enemy was 
held under grave apprehension lest our attack should 
break his line, which it was our firm purpose to do. 

Our right flank was protected by the Meuse, 
while our left embraced the .\rgonne forest, whose 
ravines, hills, and elaborate defense screened by 
dense thickets had been generally considered im- 
pregnable. Our order of battle from right to left 
was the Third Corps from the M.euse to Malancourt, 
with the Thirty-third, Eightieth, and Fourth Divi- 
sions in line, and the Third Division as corps re- 
serve; the Fifth Corps from Malancourt to Vau- 
quois, with Seventy-ninth, Eighty-seventh, and 
Ninety-first Divisions in line, and the Thirty-second 
in corps reserve; and the First Corps, from Vau- 
quois to Vienne Le Chateau, with Thirty-fifth, 
Twenty-eighth, and Seventy-seventh Divisions in 
line, and the Ninety-second in corps reserve. The 
Army reserve consisted of the First, Twenty-ninth, 
and Eighty-second Divisions. 

On the night of September 25 our troops quietly 
took the place of the French who thinly held the 
line in this sector which had lon.g been inactive. 
In the attack which began on the 26th we drove 
through the barbed wire entanglements and the sea 
of shell craters across No Man's Land, mastering 
all the first-line defenses. Continuing on the 27th 
and 28th, against machine guns and artillery of an 
increasing number of enemy reserve divisions, we 
penetrated to a depth of from .3 to 7 miles, and took 
the village of Montfaucon and its commanding hill 
and Exermont, Gercourt, Cuisy, Septsarges, Malan- 
court, Ivoiry, Epinonville, Charpentry, Very, and 
other villages. East of the Meuse one of our Di- 
visions, which was with the Second Colonial French 
Corps, captured Marcheville and Rieville, giving 
further protection to the flank of our main body. 
We had taken 10,000 prisoners, we had gained our 
point of forcing the battle into the open and were 
prepared for the enemy's reaction, wliich was bound 



to come, as he had good roads and ample railroad 
facilities for bringing up his artillery and reserves. 
In the chill rain of dark nights our engineers had 
to build new roads across spongy, shell-torn areas, 
repair broken roads beyond No Man's Land, and 
build bridges. Our gunners, with no thought of 
sleep, put their shoulders to wheels and dragropes 
to bring their guns through the mire in support of 
the infantry, now under the increasing fire of the 
enemy's artillery. Our attack had taken the enemj' 
by surprise, but, quickly recovering himself, he be- 
gan to fire counter-attacks in strong force, sup- 
ported by heavy bombardments, with large quan- 
tities of gas. From September 28 until October 4 
we maintained the offensive against patches of 
woods defended by snipers and continuous lines of 
machine guns, and pushed forward our guns and 
transport, seizing strategical points in preparation 
for further attacks. 

Other Units With Allies. 

Other Divisions attached to the Allied armies 
were doing their part. It was the fortune of our 
Second Corps, composed of the Twentj'-seventh 
and Thirtieth Divisions, which had remained with 
the British, to have a place of honor in co-operation 
with the Australian Corps on September 2!) and 
October 1 in the assault on the Hindenburg line 
where the St. Quentin Canal passes through a tun- 
nel under a ridge. The Thirtieth Division speedily 
broke through the main line of defense for all its 
objectives, while the Twenty-seventh pushed on 
impetuously through the main line until some of 
its elements reached Gouy. In the midst of the 
maze of trenches and shell craters and under cross 
fire from machine guns the other elements fought 
desperately against odds. In this and in later ac- 
tions, from October 6 to October 19, our Second 
Corps captured over 6,000 prisoners and advanced 
over 13 miles. The spirit and aggressiveness of 
these Divisions have been highly praised by the 
British .^rmy commander under whom they served. 

On October 2-9 our Second and Thirty-sixth Di- 
visions were sent to assist the French in an im- 
portant attack a.gainst the old German positions 
before Rheims. The Second conquered the compli- 
cated defense works on their front against a per- 
sistent defense worthy of the grimmest period of 
trench warfare and attacked the strongly held 
wooded hill of Blanc Mont, which they captured in 
a second assault, sweeping over it with consum- 
mate dash and skill. 'This Division then repulsed 
strong counter attacks before the village and ceme- 
tery of Ste. Etienne and took the town, forcing the 
Germans to fall back from before Rheims and yield 
positions they had held since September, 1914. On 
October .9, the Thirty-sixth Division relieved the 
Second and, in its first experience under fire, with- 
stood very severe artillery bombardment and rap- 
idly took up the pursuit of the enemy, now retiring 
behind the Aisnc. 

Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Second Phase. 

The Allied progress elsewhere cheered the efforts 
of our men in this crucial contest as the German com- 
mand threw in more and more first-class troops to 
stop our advance. \\'e made stead\' headway in 
the almost impenetrable and strongly held Argonne 
Forest, for, despite this reinforcement, it was our 
Arm3' that was doing the driving. Our aircraft was 
increasing in skill and numbers and forcin.g the 
issue, and our Infantry and Artillery were improv- 
ing rapidly with each new experience. The replace- 
ments fresh from home were put into exhausted 
divisions with little time for training, but they had 
the advantage of serving beside men who knew 
their business and who had almost become veterans 
over night. The enemy had taken every advantage 



268 




X 
u 

o 



of the terrain, which especially favored tlie defense, 
by a prodigal use of machine guns manned by liighly 
trained veterans and by using his artillery at short 
ranges. In the face of such strong frontal positions 
we should have been unable to accomplish any 
progress according to previously accepted stand- 
ards, but I had every confidence in our aggressive 
tactics and the courage of our troops. 

On October 4 the attack was renewed all along 
our front. The Third Corps tilting to the left fol- 
lowed the BrieuUcs-Cunel road: our Fifth Corps 
took Gesnes. while the First Corps advanced for 
over two miles along the irregular valley of the .A.ire 
River and in the wooded hills of the .Argonne that 
bordered the river, used by the enemy with all his 
art and weapons of defense. Tliis sort of fighting 
continued against an enemy striving to hold every 
foot of ground and wdiose very strong counter- 
attacks challenged us at every point. On the 7th 
the First Corps captured Chatel-Chehery and con- 
tinued along the river to Cornay. On the east of 
Meuse sector one of the two Divisions co-operating 
with the French captured Consenvoye and the Hau- 
mont Woods. On the 9tli the Fifth Corps, in its 
progress up the Aire, took Fleville. and the Third 
Corps which had continuous fighting against odds 
was working its way tlirough Brieulles and Cunel. 
On the 10th we had cleared the Ar,gonne Forest of 
the enemy. 

It was now necessary to constitute a second army, 
and on October 9 the immediate command of the 
First Army was turned over to Lieut. Gen. Hunter 
Liggett. The command of the Second Army, whose 
divisions occupied a sector in the Woevre, was given 
to Lieut. Gen. Robert L. Bullard, who had been 
commander of the First Division and then of the 
Third Corps. Maj. Gen. Dickman was transferred 
to the command of the First Corps, while tlie Fifth 
Corps was placed under Maj. Gen. Charles P. Sum- 
merall, who had recently commanded the First Di- 
vision. Maj. Gen. John L. Hines. who had gone 
rapidly up from regimental to division commander, 
was assigned to the Third Corps. These four offi- 
cers had been in France from the early days of the 
expedition and had learned their lessons in the 
school of practical warfare. 

Our constant pressure against the enemy brou.ght 
day by day more prisoners, mostly survivors from 
machine-gun nests captured in fighting at close 
quarters. On October IS there was very fierce 
fighting in the Caures Woods east of the Meuse and 
in the Ormont Woods. On the 14th the First Corps 
took St. Juvin, and the Fifth Corps, in hand-to-hand 
encounters, entered the formidable Kriemhilde line, 
where the enemy had hoped to check us indefinitely. 
Later the Fifth Corps penetrated further the Kriem- 
hilde line, and the First Corps took Champigneulles 
and the important town of Grandpre. Our dogged 
offensive was wearing down the enemy, who con- 
tinued desperately to throw his best troops against 
us, thus weakening his line in front of our Allies 
and making their advance less difficult. 

Divisions in Belgium. 

Meanwhile we were not only able to continue the 
battle, but our Thirty-seventh and Ninety-first Di- 
visions were hastily withdrawn from our front, and 
dispatched to help the French Army in Belgium. 
Detraining in the neighborhood of Ypres, these 
Divisions advanced by rapid stages to the fighting 
line and were assigned to adjacent French Corps. 
On October 31, in continuation of the Flanders of- 
fensive, they attacked and methodically broke down 
all enemy resistance. On November 3 the Thirty- 
seventh had completed its mission in dividing the en- 
emy across the Escaut River and firmly established 
itself along the east bank included in the division 
zone of action. By a clever flanking movement 



troops of the Ninety-first Division captured Spitaals 
Bosschen, a difficult wood extending across the 
central part of the division sector, reached the Es- 
caut, and penetrated into the town of ,'\udenarde. 
These divisions received high commendation from 
^iheir corps commanders for their dash and energy. 

Meuse-Argonne — Last Phase. 

On the 23d the Tliird and Fifth Corps pushed 
northward to the level of Bantheville. While we 
continued to press forward and throw back the 
enemy's violent counter-attacks with great loss to 
him, R regrouping of our forces was under way for 
the final assault. Evidences of loss of morale by 
the enemy gave our men more confidenc in attack 
and more fortitude in enduring the fatigue of inces- 
sant effort and the hardships of very inclement 
weather. 

With comparatively well-rested divisions, the 
final advance in the Meuse-.-Krgonne front was be- 
gun on November 1. Our increased artillery force 
acquitted itself magnificently in support of the ad- 
vance, and the enemy broke before the determined 
infantry, which, by its persistent fighting of the 
past weeks and the dash of this attack had over- 
come his will to resist. The Third Corps took Ain- 
creville, Doulcon. and Andevanne, and the Fifth 
Corps took Landres et St. Georges and pressed 
through successive lines of resistance to Bayonville 
and Chennery. On the 2d the First Corps joined 
in the movement, which now became an impetuous 
onslaught that could not be stayed. 

On the 3d, advance troops surged forward in 
pursuit, some by motor trucks, while the artillery 
pressed along the country roads close behind. The 
First Corps reached .\uthe and Chatillon-sur-Bar. 
the Fifth Corps, Fosse and Nouart, and the Third 
Corps, Halles, penetrating the enemy's line to a 
depth of 12 miles. Our large caliber guns had ad- 
vanced and were skillfully brought into position to 
fire upon the important lines at Montmedy, Lon- 
guyon, and Conflans. Our Third Corps crossed the 
^Ieuse on the .5th, and the other corps, in the full 
confidence that the day was theirs, eagerly cleared 
the way of machine guns as they swept northward, 
maintaining complete co-ordination throughout. On 
the 6th. a division of the First Corps reached a point 
on the Meuse opposite Sedan, 25 miles from our line 
of departure. The strategical goal which was our 
highest hope was gained. We had cut the enemy's 
main line of communications, and nothing but sur- 
render or an armistice could save his army from 
complete disaster. 

In all, 40 enemy divisions had been used against 
us in the Meuse-.4rgonne battle. Between Septem- 
ber 26 and November 6 we took 26,059 prisoners 
and 468 guns on this front. Our Divisions engaged 
were the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Twen- 
ty-sixth, Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirty- 
second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fifth. Thirty-seventh, 
Forty-second-, Seventy-seventh, Seventy-eighth, Sev- 
enty-ninth, Eightieth, Eighty-second, Eighty-ninth, 
Ninetieth, and Xinety-first. Many of our divisions 
remained in line for a length of time that required 
nerves of steel, while others were sent in again 
after only a few days of rest. The First, Fifth, 
Twenty-sixth, Forty-second, Seventy-seventh, Ei.gh- 
tieth. Eighty-ninth, and Ninetieth were in the line 
twice. Although some of the divisions were fight- 
ing their first battle, they soon became equal to the 
best. 

Operations East of the Meuse. 

On the three days preceding November 10, the 
Third, the Second Colonial, and the Seventeenth 
French Corps fought a difficult struggle through 
the Meuse Hills south of Stenay and forced the 
enemy into the plain. Meanwhile, my plans for 



270 



.a*- 




-^# 



■T* 



vi."* 




further use of the American forces contemplated an 
advance between the Aleuse and the Moselle in the 
direction of Longwy by the First Army, while, at 
the same time, the Second Army should assume the 
offensive toward the rich iron fields of Briey. These 
operations were to be followed by an offensive to- 
ward Chateau-Salins east of the Aloselle, thus iso- 
lating Metz. Accordingly, attacks on the American 
front had been ordered and that of the Second Army 
was in progress on the morning of November 11, 
when instructions were received that hostilities 
should cease at 11 o'clock a. m. 

At this moment the line of the American sector, 
from right to left, began at Port-Sur-Seille, thence 
across the Moselle to Vandieres and through the 
Woevre to Bezonvaux in the foothills of the Meuse, 
thence along to the foothills and through the north- 
ern edge of the Woevre forests to the Meuse at 
Mouzay, thence along the Meuse, connecting witli 
the French under Sedan. 

Relations with the Allies. 

Co-operation among the Allies has at all times 
been most cordial. A far greater effort has been 
put forth by the Allied armies and staffs to assist us 
than could have been expected. The French Gov- 
ernment and Army have always stood ready to fur- 
nish us with supplies, equipment, and transporta- 
tion and to aid us in every way. In the towns and 
hamlets wherever our troops have been stationed 
or billeted the French people have everywhere re- 
ceived them more as relatives and intimate friends 
than as soldiers of a foreign army. For these 
things words are quite inadequate to express our 
gratitude. There can be no doubt that the relations 
growing out of our associations here assures a per- 
manent friendship between the two peoples. Al- 
though we have not been so intimately associated 
with the people of Great Britain, yet their troops 
and ours when thrown together have always warm- 
ly fraternized. The reception of those of our forces 
who have passed through England and of those 
who have been stationed there has always been en- 
thusiastic. Altogether it has been deeply impressed 
upon us that the ties of language and blood bring 
the British and ourselves together completely and 
inseparably. 

Strength. 

There are in Europe altogether including a regi- 
ment and some sanitary units with the Italian Army 
and the organizations at Murmansk, also including 
those en route from the States, approximately 
2,053,347 men, less our losses. Of this total there 
are in France 1,338,169 combatant troops. Forty 
divisions have arrived, of which the Infantry per- 
sonnel of 10 have been used as replacements, leav- 
ing 30 divisions now in France organized into three 
armies of three corps each. 

The losses of the Americans up to November 
18 are: Killed and wounded, 36,145; died of disease, 
14,811; deaths unclassified, 2,304; wounded, 179.635; 
prisoners, 3,163; missing, 1,160. We have cap- 
tured about 44,000 prisoners and 1,400 guns, how- 
itzers and trench mortars. 

Commendation. 

The duties of the General Staff, as well as those of 
the Army and corps staffs, have been very ably per- 
formed. Especially is this true when we consider 
the new and difficult problems with which they 
have been confronted. This body of officers, both 
as individuals and as an organization, have, I be- 
lieve, no superiors in professional ability, in effi- 
ciency, or in loyalty. 

Nothing that we have in France better reflects 
the efficiency and devotion to duty of Americans in 



general than the Service of Supply whose personnel 
is thoroughly imbued with a patriotic desire to do 
its full duty. They have at all times fully appre- 
ciated their responsibility to the rest of the Army 
and the results produced have been most gratify- 
ing. 

Our Medical Corps is especially entitled to praise 
for the general effectiveness of its work both in hos- 
pital and at the front. Embracing men of high pro- 
fessional attainments, and splendid women devoted 
to their calling and untiring in their efforts, this de- 
partment has made a new record for medical and 
sanitary proficiency. 

The Quartermaster Department has had difficult 
and various tasks, but it has more than met all de- 
mands that have been made upon it. Its manage- 
ment and its personnel have been exceptionally effi- 
cient and deserve every possible commendation. 

As to the more technical services, the able per- 
sonnel of the Ordnance Department in France has 
splendidly fulfilled its functions both in procure- 
ment and in forwarding the immense quantities of 
ordnance required. The officers and men and the 
v-oung women of the Signal Corps have performed 
their duties with a large conception of the problem 
and with a devoted and patriotic spirit to which the 
perfection of our communications daily testify. 
While the Engineer Corps has been referred to in 
another part of this report, it should be further 
stated that the work has required large vision and 
high professional skill, and great credit is due their 
personnel for the high proficiency that they have 
constantly maintained. 

Our aviators have no equals in daring or in fight- 
ing ability and have left a record of courageous 
deeds that will ever remain a brilliant page in the 
annals of our Army. While the Tank Corps has 
had limited opportunities its personnel has re- 
sponded gallantly on every possible occasion and 
has shown courage of the highest order. 

The Adjutant General's Department has been di- 
rected with a systematic thoroughness and excel- 
lence that surpassed any previous work of its kind. 
The Inspector General's Department has risen to 
the highest standards and throughout has ably as- 
sisted commanders in the enforcement of discipline. 
The able personnel of the Judge Advocate General's 
Department has solved with judgment and wisdom 
the multitude of difficult legal problems, many_ of 
them involving questions of great international im- 
portance. 

It would be impossible in this brief preliminary 
report to do justice to the personnel of all the dif- 
ferent branches of this organization which I shall 
cover in detail in a later report. 

The Navy in European waters has at all times 
most cordially aided the .-\rniy, and it is most grati- 
fying to report that there has never before been 
such perfect co-operation between these two 
branches of the service. 

As to Americans in Europe not in the military 
services, it is the greatest pleasure to say that, both 
in official and in private life, they are intensely pa- 
triotic and loyal, and have been invariably sympa- 
thetic and helpful to the Army. 

Finally, I pay the supreme tribute to our officers 
and soldiers of the line. When I think of_ their 
heroism, their patience under hardships, their un- 
flinching spirit of offensive action, I am filled with 
emotion which I am unable to express. Their deeds 
are immortal, and they have earned the eternal grat- 
itude of our country. 

I am, Mr. Secretary, very respectfully, 

JOHN J. PERSHING, 
General Commander in Chief 
American Expeditionary Forces. 

To the Secretary of War. 



272 




PEACES 
MISSION 



ROBERT LANSING 
SECRETARY Of STATE 





MAJOR GENERAL 
TA5KEP H.BLI55 USA.' 




PRESIDENT 
WOODROW \X/(L50NJ 




li L ;,u I A.WHITE 



COLONEL e,M.H0U5E 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Letters 



ARMY LIFE FOR "A YEAR AND A DAY." 

By Pvt. C. A. Haeckel. Co. D 348 M. G. Bn., 91st 
Division. 

Tliis intensely interesting; nnrrative of tlie army 
experiences of an American soldier is typical of 
that of hundreds of our men, though few have set 
it forth with such graphic effect as this writer. He 
tells in simple but effective manner just how things 
happened from the time of registration, through the 
training camps, the cross-continent and trans-.\t- 
lantic trip, training area and front line e.\periences, 
then back home to demobilization, 

One thing Private Haeckel omits mentioning in 
his diary. Something happened along in the last 
days of his service at the front that brought him 
a Croix du Guerre. He modestly leaves that for 
others to tell. 

Period — .Apr. 20th, IfllS to June L'Sth, I'.llS. 

Registered in June, 1917, at Miles City, Custer 
county, Montana. On .^pril 26, 1918 entrained at 
Billings, Mont., with Yellowstone county contingent, 
for Camp Lewis, .American Lake, Washington. Left 
Billings via Burlington Route to Great Falls, Mont., 
where we caught special train on the Great Nor- 
thern, going to Camp Lewis via Spokane, Seattle 
and Tacoma. Went thru the "bull pen" morning of 
28th. getting no breakfast and was put into 20th 
Company, 160th Depot Brigade. In training at reg- 
ular barracks and "hay sheds" until June 20th when 
I was transferred to Co. D, .348th Machine Gun Bat- 
talion. Numerous physical tests, injections and psy- 
chological tests while in Depot Brigade, and some 
endurance tryouts to ascertain if lit for overseas 
dutj', such as 20-milo liike and 0-mi!e run, .•ifler join- 
ing Company D. 

Period — June 25th to July Otli. 

Left Camp Lewis June 25th via Milwaukee from 
Tacoma to Chicago, going thru Avery, Idaho, Ab- 
erdeen, S. D., Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn., Mil- 
waukee, Wis., and Chicago. Nickel Plate Route lo 
Buffalo, N. Y., and Lackawanna Route to Camp 
Merritt, N. J., going thru Reading, Pa. Arrived at 
Camp Merritt June 30th. Physical examinations 
and equipment issued until July 5th when we hiked 
to Alpine Landing on the Hudson, taking ferry 
boat "Geo. Washington" to Hoboken and trans- 
ferred to H. M. S. "Ulysses" evening of July 5th. 
Left Hoboken for "over there" morning of July 6, 
1918. 

Period— July 6th to July ISth. 

On high seas until the 17th when we pulled into 
Liverpool, England, mouth of the Mersey River. 
Debarked on the IStli, hiking to Camp Knotty Ash, 
Liverpool. Trip across uneventful outside of rotten 
chuck and crowded quarters. Ulysses was an Eng- 
lish freighter previous to doing transport work and 
it should never have been changed. 

Period — July 18th to July 25th. 
At Camp Knotty Ash until July 20th when we left 
via train for Southampton. England, arriving same 
evening. Passed thru some very beautiful country 
and condition of road-bed was very good. Hiked 
out to "Rest Camp" on arrival, arriving about mid- 
night and bunked on hard floor barracks. Left here 
the following afternoon going back to Southamp- 
ton and after transferring baggage and provisions, 
etc., from train to ship we embarked on the Caessera 
for our trip across the peaceful (?) English channel. 



Made tlie trip under cover of darkness and arrived 
at Cherbourg, France, morning of the 22nd and 
hiked out to another English "rest camp" sleep- 
ing in squad tents. Left following afternoon going 
back to Clierbourg and entraining for our training 
area. .Arrived at Foulain, France, on the 25th and 
hiked to Poulangy, Hte. Marne evening of the 25th, 
going into our training billets. 

Period — July 25th to Sept. 3rd. 
In training at Poulangy during this period getting 
machine gun drill and signal work to our hearts' 
content. First worked on the Browning machine 
gun and later got the Vickers, which gun we went 
into action with. In our liaison work got prac- 
tice in wig-wag, semaphore and on the "blinkers" 
which was of no earthly good when we got into 
action. Had weekly hikes, gas drill and in fact about 
everything that is given preparatory to action. 

Period— Sept. 3rd to Sept. 10th. 
Left Poulangy Sept. 3rd, hiking back to Foulain, 
r.iilhead, and dwelt in our pup tents alongside of 
the railroad until the 6th when we entrained for 
? (we did not know). Detrained during night of 
the 6th at Houdelaincourt, near Gondrecourt, and 
Iiiked to Woods near Anianty, arriving about day- 
break. It was an awful hike with full pack and 
hard trail, in fact this trip affected me more than 
any heretofore. Rolled in our blankets for a short 
time and at daybreak moved under cover and pitched 
tents. Left here evening of the 10th hiking all 
night and arrived at Ourclics, Meuse-Argonne, at 
daybreak. 

Sept. llth-12th. In St. Mihiel drive, our Division 
in reserve at Ourches awaiting orders to advance. 

Sept. 13th. Left Ourches via French trucks go- 
ing to Conde-Meuse, about 50 K's, arriving at Conde 
morning of 14th. Now headed for anotlicr front 
and remained here until the 16th. Had pay day and 
got some of our stock, but no carts. Also, had a 
maneuver witli ammunition that was a joke. 

Sept. 10th. Left Conde with ammunition and an 
all-night hike. A very slow and hard trip, quite a 
few of the boys dropping out. Bivouacked outside 
of Evres under an apple tree account of a traffic 
blockade. I overslept and continued on to Waly in 
rear of company, arriving about noon of the 17th, 
in company with others of Co. D. Stopped en route 
and had refreshments, but could get very little to 
eat. 

Sept. 17th. Left Waly in the evening and hiked 
to Clermont-Meuse Argonne. Raining on arrival 
and rolled in under the trees. 

Sept. 18th. At Clermont during the day keeping 
out of sight as much as possible. Here we saw 
our first battle in the air. A large Boche plane 
out scouting was shot at with anti-aircraft guns and 
a lone .Ally plane came along and took a few shots 
but did not remain for a tight. The Boche left un- 
harmed. Pulled out about sundown for Corcelles, 
near Aubreville. Now in shell-torn and dangerous 
country. 

Sept. 19th. /\t Corcelles where we got our first 
shell fire, Boche artillery dropped one shell, a 
"dud," about 100 yds. from our tents. Also were 
split up here, Co. D being assigned to 3rd Battalion 
of the 304th Inf. Regt. preparatory to action. 

Sept. 20th. Left Corcelles after dark for Foret 
de Hesse, being under stray shell lire the entire 
distance. 

Sept. 21st-24th. Located in Woods, getting nec- 
essary equipment for action. Numerous false gas 



275 



alarms sounded during the night and everyone at a 
rather high tension. Lots of observation planes 
during the day and bombing planes at night could 
be heard. A very muddy place. 

Sept. 25th. Left the Woods in the evening and 
after lots of roundabout hiking, for the roads were 
all crowded with troops and artillery in going to 
and from the front, we arrived at Mt. Des Alleoux 
about midnight. A wonderful barrage started about 
2:00 A. M. and continued until -f.SO, with everyone 
in readiness. This hill later called Cigarette Butte, 
or rather nicknamed, and the entire surrounding 
country was lighted up from time to time with 
the large guns, some miles to the rear. 

Sept. 26th. "Over the Top" at .5:30 A. M. in a 
very dense fog, it being impossible to see over 100 
feet. Went up trenches, over wire entanglements, 
crossed creeks and shell-holes with bullets whizzing 
everywhere and we did not know if the bullets were 
from friend or foe. Our captain and about a dozen 
of us on special duty as Liaison Combat Patrol with 
the Division on our left. We continued forward 
and to the left until about nine o'clock when we no- 
ticed there was no infantry to be seen, in fact we 
seemed to be all by ourselves with the exception of 
bullets singing here and there and planes overhead 
that we could not make out. We found sort of a 
trench alongside a road and decided to take a rest 
and keep our eyes open. In a few minutes a Boche 
comes hiking down the road and when he gets right 
up to us we halts him and find he is unarmed. We 
do him no bodily injury and he opens up and tells 
us considerable about the layout we are in, telling 
us to keep under cover and wait for the Infantry. 
In a short time we see lots of Yanks coming up and 
we join them and try to get at some Boche machine 
gun nests that are near. We carry on with this for 
a short time, and before we leave there is a bunch 
of approximately twenty-five prisoners lined up. 
We now go forward again passing thru the town of 
Very where we see some fine German dugouts, also 
some dead Germans. We camp for the night just 
beyond Very and I return to Bn. P. C. with a re- 
port or message, and on the way am hit with H. E. 
in the left shoulder, but only a scratch. We remain 
on the front until October 4th having strange ex- 
periences every day. Our company has about 35% 
casualties, eight being killed outright and one dy- 
ing in the hospital. Went into action with short- 
pack to carry reserve rations consisting of hard- 
tack and bully-beef, and slicker. Picked up hardtack 
and more bullv on the field and after a couple days 
got some coffee from the rolling kitchens, also 
brought up some warm food under cover of dark- 
ness after about the third day. 

Oct. 4th-0th. In reserve a short distance to the 
rear. Here we got our blanket rolls back and had 
pretty good eats. 

Oct. 6th. Left reserve and hiked to a point near 
Dombasle. Camped just across the road from a 
cemetery. Had baths and cleaned up as much as 
possible. Remained at this place until the 10th. 

Oct. 10th. Left Dombasle and hiked to Ippecourt. 
Now headed for our rest area. 

Oct. 11th. Left Ippecourt and hiked to Triacourt. 

Oct. 12th. Left Triacourt and hiked to Char- 
dogne, our supposed rest area, but remained only 
until the 16th. Got some new equipment at this 
point, also additional stock to replace what was 
killed in action. 

Oct. 16th. Left Chardogne and entrained at Mus- 
sey-Meuse for Belgium, arriving at Flemnentignc 
morning of the ISth where we detrained and hiked 
to Brielen, just outside of Ypves. 

Oct. 19th. Hiked to Ypres to see the ruins, and 
some ruins to be sure. Got lost on way back and 
did not get into camp until after dark. 

Oct. 20th. Left Brielen and hiked to Moost, pass- 
ing over some very muddy roads and the entire 



country here was shell-torn, this being part of the 
well known Flanders Front. Remained at Moost 
until the 25th. 

Oct. 25th. Left Moost, at which place we saw 
refugees digging for treasure buried four years 
previous, and they found it but it was in a poor 
state of preservation. Arrived at Vosselem during 
the afternoon and remained here for three days 
having inspections, call to arms and reviews, also nu- 
merous other red-tape. 

Oct. 28th. Left Vosselem and hiked to Diederlser 
Farm, near Roulers, remaining until the 31st. Here 
the Boche were continually night-raiding the neigh- 
liorhood and also dropped some propaganda from 
their planes. Belgian people were harvesting pota- 
toes and turnips, the latter of which there seemed 
to be an over supply. 

Oct. 31st. Left Diederlser Farm in the afternoon 
and hiked to Wielebeke, entire battalion crowding 
into a large building out of sight until dark. At 
night hiked for the front to get in position for ac- 
tum. I left my company and joined the Battalion 
P. C. 

X'ov. .Ird. Out of action and hiked to Ostroose- 
beke in reserve. Remained in town during night 
but in the morning hiked out a couple K's to some 
farm houses where we billeted, supposedly for rest. 
Cleaning up and army routine while here. 

Nov. 8th. Left our billets and hiked to Chrys- 
hauten where we remained for two days. Got our 
first issue of candy, a pound can of assorted choc- 
olates, some class. 

Nov. 10th. Left Chryshauten and hiked to Au- 
denard, crossing the Scheldt river on a foot bridge, 
carrying ammunition and pulling carts across and 
swimming the mules. This was done about noon and 
enemy fire was not very much in evidence. Took 
position on the front lines for the night. 

Nov. ]]. Part of the company in position and 
some scattered around Hoorebeke St. Marie. About 
seven o'clock in the morning word sent out that 
there would be no more firing after eleven o'clock 
.\. M. unless orders changed. Shortly after eleven 
the company started comin.g in from their positions 
and it seemed their first thouglit was eats and sleep. 
Xo celebrations. Remained here for one week po- 
licing up the roads and town and hiking back to 
.\udenard to be deloused. also had a couple of those 
interesting maneuvers. 

Nov. 18th. Left Hoorebeke St. Marie and hiked 
to Audenhove St. Gery a very small place. Re- 
mained here for five days, had a little machine gun 
firing and some more maneuvers. Our main eflforts 
were along the lines of getting something extra to 
eat. Could pick up a few eggs, considerable milk 
and some butter and whole wheat bread at sweet 
prices. Some of the fellows got some apple turn- 
overs at Sottegem, a nearby town of fair size. 

Nov. 23rd. Left Audenhove St. Gery and hiked 
to Asper. re-crossing the Scheldt at Gavere. Not 
much of a place and very little to buy. 

Nov. 26th. Left Asper and hiked to a point 1 K 
west and south of Denterghem. Remained here until 
December 1st. doing the same thing as usual. 
Thanksgiving was a great day. Had "Belgium 
Turkey" nice fat mutton for dinner and the remains 
for supper. Was able to purchase some foreign make 
chocolate at from six to seven francs per cake. Ba- 
tallion P. C. at place called Zuid Gagen Kauter, but 
it was only about three buildings all told. 

Dec. 1st. Left Denterghem and hiked to Meule- 
beke, about 9 K's. Had show-down inspection here 
and review before Brig. General, also some were 
able to get a bath and the natives made what they 
called hot-cakes, but once was enough. 

Dec. 4th. Hiked from Meulebeke, via Thielt, to 
Lichtervelde, about 15 K's. Slept in a large convent, 
remaining here for two days cleaning up. 



276 



Dec. 6th. Hiked to Hooglede, distance of 10 K's. 
This town in ruins, but got a fair place to bunk. 

Dec. 7th. Out on our hike across "No Man's 
Land" leaving at 6:50 in the morning and arriving 
at Westveleteren, a distance of 32 K's at 3:30 P. M. 
This was a forced hike, there being no place to 
billet, in fact all that remained of towns was pul- 
verized brick and signs showing where the town 
had been. Still on our hunt for a railhead. 

Dec. 8th. Hiked to a point about 3 K's northwest 
of Houtkerque, France, about 1.5 K's. This made 
57 K's covered in three successive days' hiking and 
yours truly was kind of peeved toward the end. 

Period — Dec. 8th to Jan. 1st, 1919. 

Remained at Houtkerque killin.g time in a sea of 
mud. A very dirty place and a bum place to sleep. 
Had pay-day, inspections, military funeral, baths at 
least once a week and what not. Had a very good 
Xmas dinner and got my bo.x from home which 
helped some. Also, secured shells at a nearby rail- 
head. Beaucoup drinks at Houtkerque, 

Jan. 1st. Hiked to Rexpoede, railhead at last, 
about 11 K's and entrained for Le Mans area, train 
pulling out at 5:30 P. M. 

Jan. 2nd. On train, or rather side door pullmans, 
but we had straw and not over twenty-five in the 
car so had a fairly good trip. Was able to get 
some vin-rouge along the line which livened things 
up somewhat. 

Jan. 3rd. Detrained at Nogent Le Rotrou at 
3:45 P. M. getting some hot coffee and hiked 7 K's 
to Berdhuis arriving about six hells. 

Period — Jan. 3 to Mch. IStli. "P.erdhuis" 

Remained here during this period awaiting orders 
to go home. Batallion P. C. at Noce about 7^ K's 
away. For first week did not do much outside of a 
foolish runner maneuver and a practice hike or two. 
On January 11th I left on a seven day furlough 
for the Brittany Leave Area arriving at St. Malo, 
on the 12th. While here spent the time bumming 
around the town and at the Y. M. C. A. Took trips 
to Chateauneuf, St. ]\Iichel, St. Servan, and Dinard, 
Had a real bed to sleep in and the town was full 
of soldiers on leave. Also lots of women and drink. 
Left St. Malo on the 20th and on return passed up 
Nogent Le Rotrou going as far as Charters, how- 
ever the bunch would not remain for the day so we 
returned on next train getting back to camp about 
1:30 P. M. on the 21st. Had numerous liikes to 
Noce in preparation for Divisional Review before 
General Pershing which came off on Jan. 27th amid 
snow and slush. Some Review. Also had consid- 
erable machine gun shooting at the ran,ge to .get rid 
of surplus ammunition, and maneuvers on return 
trip. Lots of show-down inspections and cleaning 
up to pass inspection before the embarkation officer, 
also a couple reviews each week and close-order to 
help kill time. On Feb. 25th got injection for "Flu." 
Mch. 5th my bunkie Cy and Pete left for school near 
Dijon. Finally inspected by Embarkation Officer on 
March 11th, and from then on had lots of office 
work on records, and cootie inspections galore. I 
always passed. Ha! Ha! At last the big day on the 
18th when we hiked to Nogent Le Rotrou to entrain 
for Sea Port, St. Nazaire. 

Mch. 18th. Left Berdhuis at 11:45 A. M. hiking 
to Nogent and pulled out of Nogent at 4:00 in 
American box-cars, some treat. Headed for St. 
Nazaire. Got some mail while on the train. 

Mch. 19th. .Arrived at St. Nazaire 6:00 in the 
morning and hiked to Camp No. 2, about 2>2 miles. 

Mch. 20th. At Camp 2, cootie inspections, etc. 

Mch. 21st. Left Camp 2 in the morning and put 
in Isolation Camp where we remained killing some 
more time until the 24th. 

Mch. 34th. Physical examination in tlie morning 
and moved from camp at 2:30 hiking to boat U. S. S. 



Orizba, taking gang plank at 4:30 in the afternoon, 
bound for the U. S. A. Remained at the dock all 
night. 

Mch. 25. Left dock at 1:00 P. M. amid very little 
cheermg, but lots of thinking, now headed for the 
U. S. A. 

Period — Mch. 25th to April 2nd. 

On the High Seas during this period with fair 
weather. Some days it was quite rough but all in 
all it was a very good trip. Had really good eats 
and wire berths to sleep in. Came back all alone, 
that is not in convoy and did not see another ship 
until about a day out of New York. Some of the 
bunch sure got seasick, but I was among the for- 
tunate. Also, was able to dodge all detail work and 
with books to read it was a fairly enjoyable trip. 

April 2nd. Sighted land at about 8:00 A. M. Off 
boat at 10:15 A. M. onto ferry boat Hempstead to 
Long Island R. R. tracks and took Long Island train 
to Camp Upton, arriving at 5:00 P. M. 

Period — April 3nd to April 17th. 

At Camp Upton during this period waiting for dis- 
charge. Had a little detail work to do but got out 
of everything that we possibly could. Had some 
very good feeds at the Hostess House and various 
canteens and took on eats that we did not have for 
some time. Spent April 10th in New York City 
and saw as much of the place as we could on a 24- 
hour leave. Stopped at tlie Pennsylvania Hotel and 
went to three shows and danced a few times all in 
34 hours. Returned to Camp about midnight of the 
10th and waited for orders to get out. 

April 18th. Left Camp Upton at 11:00 A. M. for 
Camp Dodge. Took the Long Island R. R. to Jersey 
City, Lackawanna to Buffalo via Scranton, Pa. 
Nickel Plate Route to Chicago via Cleveland and 
Fort Wayne. C. & N. W. from Chicago to Camp 
Dodge via Clinton and Cedar Rapids, arriving at 
Camp Dodge about 12:00 midnight of the 19th. Re- 
mained on train balance of night and got off at 6:00 
A. M. morning of the 20th. 

April 2 1 St. Worked in office on records and dis- 
charge papers, also turned in equipment. 

April 22nd. Went thru regular discharge chan- 
nels, such as lecture at Y. M. C. A., physical exam- 
ination and various other red tape and was setting 
pretty until the question of travel pay come up. Was 
told that I was out of zone and could not be dis- 
charged there. Put in Casual Company No. 5. Oh 
Hell! 

April 23rd. Left Camp Dodge at 5:30 P. M. and 
Des Moines at 7:05 P. M. for Fort D. A. Russell, 
Cheyenne, Wyoming. Had a Pullman to travel in 
but tin-bill and canned goods to eat. However, ran 
across good Red Cross Canteen service all along the 
line especially at Omaha and North Platte, Nebr. 

April 24th. Arrived at Cheyenne, Wyo. 5:00 P. 
M. and took truck to Fort D. A. Russell, about two 
miles. Put up in very nice barracks, regular beds, 
shower and tub baths but the eats were only fiir. 
Invited to a dance at Batallion Hdqrs. and had a 
pretty good time. 

April 25th. Just killing time and playing cards, 
etc. Could not go down town. 

April 26th. Signed pay-roll and discharge papers. 

April 27th. Got discharge at 11:55 A. M. Oh joy! 
Got right out of Camp and had dinner down town. 
Left Cheyenne at 3:30 P. M. on the U. P. headed 
for Fairmont, Minn, and home, arriving at 6:00 P. M. 
on the 28th. 

SECRET WORK FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF 
JUSTICE. 

By Corp. C. N. Swanson, Co. F, 313th Supply Train. 

When I took a position with the United States 
Department of Justice, Bureau of Investigation, I 



277 



engaged in a line of work that until that time, I 
did not know anything about. However, I was not 
long left in doubt as to my duties. I was appointed 
by telegram, the message bearing the news of my 
appointment arriving at three o'clock in the after- 
noon. Fifteen minutes later I was working on my 
first assignment. 

I was told by the chief to go to Minneapolis and 
get acquainted with a certain class of men at the 
head of an organization with a disloyal reputation. 
I met the prime mover of the organization and after 
making sure of further opportunity to call on him 
I went to other parties. I approached them as a 
newspaper publisher from a small town, vitally in- 
terested in this organization whose purpose and aim 
was to fight the selective service act, hinder the sale 
of Liberty Bonds and in other ways hinder the gov- 
ernment in tlie successful prosecution of the war. 
The "higher-ups" saw a chance for free publicity in 
me as a newspaper man, so they took me into the 
fold quite readily, and I was not suspected during 
the entire time I was with the department, but 
could go and come to their secret meetings at will. 
The first "red" meeting I ever attended was at 
Hotel Dyckman, Minneapolis. This meeting took 
place behind closed doors, and Scott Nearing was 
one of the principal speakers. James Peterson and 
Ale.Kis Georgian also spoke. The first two have 
been convicted of violation of Section 3 of the Es- 
pionage Act and the latter was recently deported to 
Russia. 

It was very noticeable there were but few Amer- 
icans at the meeting, but their gathering was made 
up of Germans. Russians, Swedes and a few Irish 
agitators. My knowledge of the Scandinavian lan- 
guages and German stood me in good stead as an 
investigator. At this meeting the delegates, who 
came from all parts of the Union, decided where Ihey 
would hold their National convention. Minneapolis 
had been decided upon, but Gov. Burnquist refused 
to let them meet there or any place in the state. 
North Dakota was next thought of, but for some 
reason they were turned down there also. Then 
they thought of Milwaukee, but they were refused 
there also. Washington was suggested. "Why 
can't we take our appeal to the steps of the White 
House?" dramatically shouted one "Red." The con- 
vention was in an uproar for a time, but the ma- 
jority thought it would be too much of a trip. They 
next decided on Chicago. Mayor Thompson ad- 
vised the convention that he would welcome them 
to the "Sixth German City" with open arms. 

Gov. Lowden, however, was of a diflferent disposi- 
tion. He called out the state militia when the time 
was ripe. The convention broke up in disorder, and 
I secured two draft-dodgers (Howard Harter and 
Otto Wangerin of St. Paun to get my ticket. We 
arrived in Chicago and Harter, Wangerin and I 
stayed at the new Y. M. C. A. The meeting was to 
have been held at King's restaurant, but at the last 
minute we heard that Gov. Lowden had ordered 
the militia to fire on us if we attempted to hold a 
meeting there. I walked past the restaurant shortly 
before 8 o'clock in the evening and I found the doors 
chained. Mayor Thompson promised police pro- 
tection, and the governor promised something quite 
different. In case of a clash I felt that to be with 
the "Reds" would be unhealthy, and to desert_ them 
was out of the question. I was up against it. If 
they arrested the "Reds" I could not disclose my 
identity, or I could no longer attend their meetings 
and learn their movements. So I decided to stick to 
them at all hazards. Fortunately, they called the 
meeting off, and we met in rooms in the Dearborn 
Hotel and other places about town. In the room 
I was in a long-haired Russian bolshevik, whom 
Harter informed me was a "real anarcliist" occupied 
a place on a bed, from where he talked tn the thirty 



men crowded into the room. He delivered a red 
hot speech against the draft and against aiding in 
this "rich man's" war. Harter and Wangerin took 
me to "Big Bill Haywood's Headquarters" and told 
me that a look at him would so inspire me that I 
would never think in a "capitalistic frame of mind 
again." The Socialists and I. W. W.'s are great 
readers. If they would only choose the right kind 
of reading they would become useful citizens. How- 
ever their "primer" consists of books written by 
Karl Marx, Emma Goldman and others. Pamphlets 
issued at regular intervals by the I. W. W. head- 
quarters are religiously read word for word. 

I have attended the I. W. W. meetings at 1 1 J4 
Western Avenue, Minneapolis, on many occasions. 
I will say this for the "wobblies." They are a con- 
genial set of people among themselves. .\nd I 
would sleep undisturbed among a hundred of them, 
with a pocket full of money, if they believed me to 
be their friend, or one of them. I have trailed down 
alley ways and into dirt}', stinking hovels with them, 
unarmed, and felt perfectly safe. However, I would 
not have given a great deal for my chances on more 
than one occasion if they could have found out that 
I was a government agent. 

In my work I pretended to be a recent convert 
to the "cause" and they were forever hammering 
away at me to watch out for government men. 
They would point out men on the street whom they 
said were government men. On one occasion they 
pointed out my co-worker, Mr. Joj'ce, and said 
"there is one of the damned government agents 
now." Of course, I craned my neck to get as good 
a view of him as I could. Joyce and I worked to- 
gether a good deal — we were never seen to.gether, 
and did not recognize one another or speak on the 
street. But I would find out where a slacker was 
and tell Joyce. He would go out and arrest him. 
Shortly after he made the arrest I would manage 
to be at the Rice street Socialist headquarters to 
hear what they had to say about it. The conversa- 
tion would perhaps be like this: "Well, they got 
Hardy today. I'll bet they will find out about Kam- 
menetsky next." Then I would go to other mem- 
bers of the organization and find out who Kammen- 
etsky was, what he was doing and where he roomed. 
When I got the information I reported back to head- 
quarters and Mr. Joyce would usually be detailed 
to bring the man in. In that way I kept under 
cover. 

On one occasion I was named to serve witli a 
committee of five on the case of Otto Wangerin. 
He had been arrested for failure to register and 
was out on bail. When arrested he was registered 
at the county jail, and on this particular date he was 
called to the service. If he did not report for duty 
he would be classed as a deserter. 

We met at the Rice street Socialist headquarters, 
and it was decided that Wan.gerin should leave the 
city. As soon as the meeting was over, I stepped 
into a pay station and 'phoned to the chief. A half 
hour later he and Mr. Kearney were at Wangerin's 
house where they caught him packing up. 

I was suspected for a time, but two young I. W. 
W. girls came boldly to my defense. They said 
they had seen government agents snooping about 
Wangerin's house early in the evening. By the way, 
these I. W. W. girls are the friendliest I have seen. 
They will walk up to a stranger, and if they like his 
looks they will not hesitate to plant a lusty kiss on 
liis features. If he liappens to be sitting down, they 
flop into his lap. 

One evening when I was there I saw J. O. Ben- 
tall, Socialist candidate for governor holding a "rebel 
girl" on his lap. The girls like to be called "rebel 
girls." They have a song about her. Another song 
they sang in connection with the war runs something 
like this: 



278 



"Onward Christian Soldiers. 
■ Rip and tear and smite! 
Let the gentle Jesus, 

Bless your dynamite." 

The I. W. W.'s are advocates of free love, and be- 
lieve that to covet their neighbor's wife is alriglit. 
providing the wife reciprocates. Needless to say 
they are also atheists. For example I will cite the 
case of Maurice Kammenetsky: He was a young 
Russian w'ho had traveled quite extensively. He was 
attending the University of Minnesota. One evening, 
at our Young People's Socialist League meeting he 
gave us an address on what he called "this Jesus 
stuff." It was sickening, but the young Socialists 
seemed to enjoy it. "I was in New York" said Kam- 
menetsky "and I was down and out. I didn't have 
a cent and I was hungry. I didn't know anyone. 
There were a lot of us in the same fix. But we 
knew where they had a mission — a place where they 
shout this holy stufT — this Jesus stufif where a lot of 
people confess what they call their faith. We didn't 
want to hear it because we knew it was all a damn 
lie, but the cup of cofifee and little dry bread they 
gave us didn't go so bad. We was willing to put up 
with a little holy stufif to get that." He went into a 
further discourse condemning religion, but it was so 
sickening and dis.gusting that I will not mention it 
here. 

Kammenetsky had not registered, and my pal 
Joyce brought him to book in short order. He was 
given a sentence of 25 years at Fort Leavenworth, 
but I understand he was released with the other 
"conscientious objectors" early in December. 

Perhaps my most "embarrassing moment" came 
in the winter of 1917-18. I have forgotten the dates, 
but I'll never forget the occasion. I was at Bemidji 
looking up a regular army deserter when I received 
a telegram from my cliief. It read "Pro-German be- 
ing held in jail at Akely. May be insane. Proceed 
to Akely and investigate at earliest opportunity. 
Campbell." 

When I arrived at Akely I found the man in jail. 
He was kept under armed home guard. I found 
that he had not taken his allotment of Red Cross 
subscription and they thought he was pro-German. 
I talked to the man and found that he was in bad 
financial circumstances. He said he would do all 
he could. I ordered his release and he was allowed 
to go home. 

During the course of the investigation it developed 
that an anti-draft paper had been circulated at Akely. 
I found that the paper had been circulated by one 
Olaf Skog and Chas. Pere.grine. Both were farm- 
ers. The captain of the home guard sent a guard 
after Peregrine and brought him in. He answered 
the questions put to him, and admitted that he was 
an L W. W. This, in itself did not constitute an 
offense against the federal statutes, and inasmuch as 
the petition could not be located, as it had been sent 
to Washington, I let the man go with the under- 
standin,g that he was to report at Akely at any time 
I so desired. 

In the meantime, Capt. Scherer of the home 
guards had sent a guard of ei,ght men after Sko.g. 
They had returned and said Skog came out on the 
porch, armed with a high power rifle, and had threat- 
ened to blow the men to Hades if they came a step 
nearer. The guards were "armed to the teeth," but 
owing to the fact that the mother of the corporal 
in charge had died the night before, he was in no 
frame of mind to open hostilities. He reported back 
to Capt. Scherer with his men. The captain went 
into a rage and took twenty men with him to brin,g 
Skog in "dead or alive." I remonstrated with him 
and offered to go out alone to see him. if he did 
not want to come in. I knew full well that he would 
be more apt to receive an unarmed civilian with 



greater hospitality than he would a detachment of 
soldiers under orders to bring him in dead or alive. 
It did no good to protest. Capt. Scherer was deter- 
mined to bring him in. 

.A. short time after the captain and the men left, 
we heard a terrific explosion northwest of town — 
in the direction of Peregrine's home. Some one tel- 
ephoned to Capt. Scherer's wife that the captain had 
lieen shot and mortally wounded. I commandeered 
a Ford and we drove to Peregrine's place. 

We found his body a few feet from the barn. 
He had placed a quarter of a stick of dynamite in 
his mouth and had blown the top of his head of?. 
Blood and brains were scattered over the barn yard. 
It was an awful sight. 

We returned to Akely and tried to get in touch 
with Capt. Scherer and his men. About 8 o'clock 
in the evening they returned, the men all hungry 
and tired out. They had found no trace of Skog. 
I felt rather uneasy. Here I was in a lumber-jack 
town — plenty of I. W. W.'s. and no trains out. One 
of their number had committed suicide, evidently 
because he feared that he might be arrested and 
taken away from his family. There was nothing to 
do but stay in Akely and await developments. 

To pass the time away I went to a program given 
by the .\kel}' schools. .About midnight the sheriff 
called up from Park Rapids. "What are you going 
to do with Skog?" he angrily demanded. "He came 
here scared stiff and says you have the. whole home 
guard out after him!" I told him I just wanted to 
ask Skog some questions regarding the anti-draft 
petition and that I meant him no harm. I also told 
him that the armed posse sent after Mr. Skog was 
not sent at my direction. I asked to talk to Mr. 
Skog, and after talking with him a few minutes I 
convinced him that I meant no harm, and that 1 
would like to see him in the morning. He prom- 
ised, and the next morning came in and brought his 
wife with him. It appeared that he also, had been 
falsely accused of disloyalty. He had taken all he 
could afford. He had twelve children to support 
and payments to make on his small farm. I felt 
sorry for him and told him to go his way. He and 
his wife were so glad that they both cried. And I 
didn't just feel like laughing either. 

Peregrine left a note in which he absolved me 
from all blame for his decision to commit suicide, 
but placed the blame on one of the citizens of .Ake- 
ly. He left another note asking that "no hypocrite 
preacher" be allowed to conduct his funeral. That 
was the last I heard of the Akely episode. 

But my dealings were not confined to the I. W. 
W.'s and Socialists alone. I'll admit that their meet- 
ings and "speeches" more than kept me busy. They 
were a suspicious lot too. They wanted to know 
where I had been when I stayed away two or three 
days, and how I could spend so much time away 
from my business, etc. I had to lie like a trooper 
to keep from being trapped, and I had to make my 
stories jibe. 

I investigated numerous cases of false claim for 
exemption and in this work found out nnich about 
the fickleness of human nature. I will cite one 
case. The man in question worked at the Royal 
Dairy Lunch on Wabasha street, St. Paul. He had 
been granted exemption on the grounds of having 
a wife and two dependent children. Investigation 
disclosed that he had not lived with his wife for 
over two years, and that she had been a resident of 
Lake City during that time. I went to Lake City 
and interviewed her. She was working in a green- 
house as a stenographer. She supported herself and 
two children and told me that she had not received 
a cent from her husband in the two years, but that 
her mother-in-law had induced her to sign her hus- 
band's exemption claim on the promise of money. 
She said that her mother-in-law had paid the draft 



279 



board $50 "for making out the papers." Of course, 
the man was placed under arrest. He was taken be- 
fore Commissioner Samuel Whaley, entered a plea 
of not guilty, but was bound over to the federal 
grand jury. What became of his case, I do not 
know as I went to the army shortly thereafter. In 
other instances where the man had made false claim 
for exemption we withdrew the charge providing he 
would immediately go into the army. I handled a 
number of such cases. 

I had more genuine excitement chasing bootleg- 
gers between Mankato and Sioux City than I did in 
any other branch of the service. I remember in 
particular the case of Robert Theodore Neumann. 
He had made two trips a week between Mankato 
and Sioux City. When Mr. Arnoldy and I came to 
Mankato we lay in wait for him. Sure enough he 
came. He filled the two black, brass studded grips 
previously described to us and took the train for 
Sioux City. We boarded the train and meant to 
arrest him as soon as we got across the line. 

But there is often a hitch in the best laid plans. 
And this tiine it happened to us. There were three 
other bootleggers on tlie train. Two of them got off 
at Heron Lake to take the train for Pipestone and 
then to Sioux Falls. So we had to get oflf the train 
and arrest them at Heron Lake. Neuman and his 
pal Shields became suspicious and tried to get away. 
We got them coralled. and I was holding one of the 
number in the seat while the train started out of tlie 
station when Shields made a break for the door. 

I jumped up and got a hold of his wrist as he was 
swinging to let go. I realized that if he did let go. 

I would fall off the train with him. So I let him 
go and he jumped. The train was going about 
twenty miles an hour and he rolled over several 
times, but got up unhurt. Then he started for town, 
hoping to catch the train for Pipestone. I spotted 
a brakeman and ordered him to stop the train, which 
he did. The other bootleggers were then bundled 
oflf, together with their liquor and we then went 
back to the village, a quarter of a mile away. 

When we got there Shields had climbed on top of 
a box car and was hiding. I let on I didn't see him 
and climbed up the side of the car. I pulled my 
Colt's 45 and had a fine bead on him when I stuck 
my head over the top of the car. "Halt" I com- 
manded, but he refused to halt. Instead he rolled 
ofif the top of the car to the ground fifteen feet be- 
low and hot-footed it out of town as fast as he could. 
By the time I could get on the top of the car he had 
a 100-yard start. I fired once away over his head, 
but it only scared him and he ran faster. I then 
scrambled and fell ofT the car and when I got on 
the ground I again fired at him, this time a little 
to the left of him so the bullet struck the ground 
fifty feet ahead of him. He turned like he had 
stepped on a revolving pivot and threw up both 
hands. He was unarmed. He said he had just been 
released from jail in Sioux City where he had served 
a year for alleged complicity in a murder. All these 
men were fined $50 in federal court in St. Paul. 

Neumann admitted that he cleared about $250 
each trip. He confessed that he had made an aver- 
age of two trips a week for over a year. Despite 
this confession, he was fined only $50. As a striking 
contrast to this case, a 17-year old boy was given 

II months in the county jail, without option of a 
fine, for getting a half pint of whiskey for a soldier. 
A:i Italian store keeper who made a business of 
selling whiskey to soldiers for $2 a pint was given 
90 days in jail the same day. I fail to understand 
that brand of justice. 

During the eight months I was with the depart- 
ment I secured the arrest and conviction of over 
thirty slackers and deserters, and handled the cases 
of five alien enemies from the time I made the arrest 
until they were interned. I confiscated not less 



than $2,000 worth of whiskey and investigated nu- 
merous cases of false claim for exemption. I also 
investigated many cases of disloyalty and cases of 
German propaganda and sedition. But that is an- 
other story. 

AFTER CHATEAU THIERRY. 

(By Capt. Chester Tanner, M. C, U. S. Navy) 

Following the wonderful achievements of the 
.'\mericans in stopping the Hun at Chateau Thierry 
in June, 1918, Capt. Chester Tanner, son of Mrs. 
Martha Tanner of Fairmont, was hurried from Brest, 
where he was stationed as a naval surgeon, to help 
care for the flood of American wounded being 
evacuated to Paris. He tells briefly of his work in 
a letter written home to his mother. 

"I am still in the big hospital in the big city. 1 
operated until midnight last night and came on duty 
at 9:00 A. M. again to-day and will remain until 
9:00 P. M. It is pretty long hours but someone lias 
got to take care of these wounded Marines. Poor 
devils! They are all shot to pieces, legs ofif, eyes 
out, and infected wounds. It is a sight to behold. 
Certainly war is Hell! 

"But the Marines are the greatest soldiers in the 
world. They slowed down the Huns at Chateau 
Thierry and covered themselves with glory. I 
don't want to see the United States until these 
damnable Huns are all killed ofif or else in chains. 
If they win the war I'm going up to the trenches 
just before the finish. 

"One of my patients bayonetted three Huns before 
they finally got him and as soon as he gets well 
he is going back and get a few more. 

"I haven't had a chance to see much of the city 
as I worked until midnight. No lights are allowed 
at night and of course it is darker than pitch. But 
Paris is the most beautiful city in the world — ab- 
solutely wonderful." 

Capt. Tanner was granted his wisli not to see 
the United States again until Germany was de- 
feated. He remained on duty abroad until long 
after the armistice. 

In a later letter, written early in July. 1918, Capt. 
Tanner, after recording accounts of German atroc- 
ities, says: 

"There is a lull now but I hope they will soon 
start in again and kill some more Germans — the 
more the better. I hope they exterminate the whole 
German army. * * * All American officers back 
from the front agree that the only way to settle the 
thing is to keep on killing the Boche. And they 
are being killed by thousands. The only thing I 
am afraid of is that when we do lick them and 
make peace the United States will get tender-heart- 
ed and let them oflf easily. That's the thing the 
people back home must look out for. If they do 
this it will not be giving a square deal to the boys 
who are giving their lives to whip them. Preach 
the propaganda of making Germany pay for this. 
They should be disarmed, made to pay for Belgium 
and submarine sinkings. German soldiers like we 
are fighting aren't fit to have a place in the world. 

"One of my patients, a British officer, was wound- 
ed. He got a broken ankle and was captured by 
the Huns. One day in the prison camp he couldn't 
get out of the way of a German officer fast enough 
and the officer knocked him down and then with 
both heels of his big boots jumped on the man's 
broken ankle, smashing it all to pieces. The man 
was later exchanged and is now here trying to have 
his leg mended. 

"President Wilson once said we are not fighting 
the German people. We certainly are fighting the 
German people, every one of them. No one can tell 
me they are not all for the Kaiser." 



280 



SOLDIER'S LAST LETTER. 
(By Clifford L. Cary, Private Bty. F, 7th F. A.) 

The following letter was the last received by the 
force of the Fairmont postoffice from their former 
associate. It was written Sept. 9, 1918, place un- 
known, the date line reading merely "At the Front." 
The writer was killed in the .\rgonnes Oct. 8, 1918. 

"I promised to write and sure intended to do so 
before this. I can't remember whether I have writ- 
ten you or not since I have been over here. I can't 
write much except that I am well and enjoying my- 
self very much. I think I broke all records get- 
ting to the front. Two weeks after landing in 
France I was able to see the land held by the Ger- 
mans. I am writing this on my gas mask and sit- 
ting all humped up in my pup tent, .-^m about five 
miles back from the front and the big guns are 
booming away at present. Over in the States they 
make us go to bed at ten and get up at five-thirty. 
Here we do just the opposite, we do all of our 
•work at night. 

"Our band is playing and believe me it sounds 
good. It makes a person think he is civilized again. 
I have seen several of the towns that have been 
bombarded and they look like the pictures you see 
back there, only a little worse. Those big shells 
sure have a nice whistle to them, it is so plain it 
seems a person ought to see them go through the 
air. It sure is a great experience to a person who 
comes out whole. 

"France is a beautiful country. It is so much 
different than the States, but I can't describe it to 
you. I hope I will get back to tell you all about 
it. I met Dr. Utter, veterinary, from Fairmont. 
He is in the 1st Battalion and I am in the 2nd. 

(Note. — Dr. Utter was the last Martin county inan 
to see Private Cary. He visited with him shortly 
before Cary was killed and after returning visited 
Gary's parents and was able to tell them of their 
son's last days.) 

"I heard that a Thieman boy was killed. I am 
the only one out of the .500 Minnesota boys in this 
Battery. One from .\lbert Lea is in Battery E. I 
suppose you folks have it all figured out when the 
war is going to end. I still have hopes that it will 
be this year. Bet the newspapers have big head 
lines about big advance we are making but wait for 
the big noise that is going to start when all the 
Sammies get to the front. They all think they are 
in the army over there and are tough soldiers but 
wait till they go through what some of the boys 
over here have. 

"Many a time I think of you all and will be glad 
to get back again. It is dark so must stop with 
best wishes to all of you." 

CHEERFULNESS OF THE WOUNDED. 
(By H. E. Wolfe, Y. M. C. A. Secretary) 

H. E. Wolfe and C. J. Timms, both former mem- 
ters of the Martin County War Board, later Y. M. 
C A. secretaries in France, arrived in Paris inst 
as the wounded were beginning to be evacuated fi om 
Chateau Thierry. Botli volunteered as eme-gency 
nurses. Mr. Wolfe tells briefly of the work: 

"Yesterday we heard that they were in need of 
many helpers at the hospitals and stations here so 
we went to American Red Cross headquarters to 
volunteer our services. They asked us to report 
at one of the railway stations for work to-day. 

"We arrived at 7:30 A. M. and were none too 
soon for in a few minutes the first trainload of 
wounded came in, practically all of them American 
boys. Some could walk, some were wheeled and 
some carried on stretchers but there was not a moan 
from one of them. It made me choke up to see 



their very cheerfulness. Great were the stories they 
told but I am sure the censor would not pass them. 

"The thing, perhaps, that got me most was the 
fact that some of the ambulance drivers were young 
women — pretty, refined young women — out there at 
day-break working for our boys. They could speak 
scarcely a word of our language but they spoke in 
terms of service that were unmistakable. 

"If my voice could have power anywhere tonight 
I would want it to go out to the people of the 
United States asking them to realize that our coun- 
try is at war. If all our people could spend twenty- 
four hours here they would respond with an effort 
that would revolutionize society, break all records 
for effort and giving, and cut many months from the 
war. 

"When I think of the arguments and persuasion 
we had to use on the War Board to get them to 
loan on Liberty Bonds and compare the men, morale 
and patriotism with what I saw to-day I am almost 
driven to a doctrine of disfranchisement and con- 
fiscation for the benefit of the soldier. Before I 
left I was deemed a fanatic by some but there is no 
comparison in any speech I made at home with 
what 1 would say now." 

THE MARINES AT THE MARNE. 

(By Hanson A. Smith, Hq. Co. 6th Regt. U. S. 
Marines) 

The writer of the following narrative was orig- 
inally reported in the casualty lists as "killed in 
action." He won a number of citations and decora- 
tions from the .\merican and French governments 
for bravery in action. 

The citation from French .\rmy Headquarters is 
as follows: "July 19, 1918, during the engagement 
at Vierzy he was transferred to the rear on account 
of a serious wound in the neck. While waiting for 
his wound to be dressed he left the ambulance and 
returned to the battle field and helped in the evac- 
uation of the wounded until he was wounded a sec- 
ond time." 

From G. H. Q. of the American Expeditionary 
Forces, Citation Orders No. 6 say: 

"For gallantry in action at Bouresches, France, 
June 6, 1918, in bringing up supplies under heavy 
fire." 

Writing to a Martin County friend of his ex- 
periences in the fighting in June, 1918, Private Smith 
says: 

"I am quite well but very tired. Up to the pres- 
ent time I have not been wounded, only slightly 
burnt on left forearm by machine gun bullets. I 
suppose the papers have told you what the Marines 
have done. I have been in the fight since the be- 
ginning. On June 3 nine strong German assaults 
were beaten back. My work has taken me to many 
parts of the field so I have seen a good deal. One 
place where our artillery blasted the Germans out 
of a strong point the very grass is burnt, great 
rocks blown to fragments, trees and undergrowth 
twisted and torn to pieces, 

"How did the Americans die? In places Amer- 
icans and Germans fought to the death, all facing 
one another. In another place I saw a little line 
of Americans, all facing the enemy, caught by ma- 
chine gun and shrapnel. I found two wounded. A 
German Red Cross man had found an officer and 
two men far in advance of this line, dressed their 
wounds and sent them back. Another man and I 
found their packs. This same Red Cross man 
asked to work in our hospital among the wounded. 
His request was granted I heard. No man who has 
not been in a modern battle and has seen the terrible 
destruction of modern weapons can realize what this 
war is. 



281 



"I worked one day caring for the wounded on the 
field, part of the time within a few hundred yards 
of the German lines but was not fired upon. I will 
tell you the experience of one evening. I was given 
three men and a guide to carry ammunition to a 
machine gun company in an advanced position. The 
guide took us to the wrong place. I put the men 
under cover as there was a strong bombardment. 
I went to inquire the way, taking the guide. While 
I was talking to a man in a hole I heard a shell 
coming close, a 'whizz-bang' we call them because 
they travel so fast. I dropped on my knees and 
the shell struck not more than four feet in front 
of me and exploded. I think a rock sticking some 
four inches out of the ground was all that saved 
me. The guide went back to the men. T got him 
again and we found a man who said he knew where 
a machine gun was and would guide me. I sent 
the guide back to the men with orders to wait. 
He tried to take the men away but two of them 
would not go and would not let him go. Finally 
I located the gun but it was separated from the rest 
of the company. The gunner said the others were 
worse oflf for ammunition and were expecting an 
attack. He told me where his men were. I found 
a lieutenant and two sergeants who said they would 
go a part of the way. I went back and got my 
men. The guide wanted to leave. I told him I 
would rather die than fail. I could have left the 
ammunition at the gun and let them get it to the 
rest of the company as best they could but we are 
supposed to carry out our orders. 

"My duty was clear. I made up my mind to go 
through or die in the attempt. We went forward 
and were seen by a German battery of 88's which 
opened a direct fire point blank almost. They shot 
a little too high and we finally got through. I took 
part of the ammunition to the lieutenant in charge. 
As we lay down to talk we were seen by a German 
machine gunner who opened fire. The bullets ticked 
both my right and left sides and almost cut blood 
from my face. I rolled into the pit with the gun 
crew but was not hurt, only the slight burn. I left 
my men in as safe a place as I could find. Finally 
I got out and with two of the men brought the 
rest of the ammunition back to headquarters with 
all of my men unhurt. My prayer was that I bring 
them safely through. I really did not care so much 
for myself. I have taken out a good many parties 
but up to the present I have not had a man hurt. 
Two of my men certainly behaved fine and did well. 
When I reported to the lieutenant after I got back 
he said: 'Surely God is with you. Smith.' 

"I have learned much up here. It is my firm 
conviction that this war will end in God's own good 
time and as He wills and no other way." 

Smith went out of action on July 19th. He tells 
of it in a letter to his father, written on July 24. 

"Just a few lines to let you know that I am get- 
ting along as well as can be expected. I am in a 
French hospital. I arrived here the 21st. I was 
wounded the morning of the 19th in the great bat- 
tle. 

"We were in a ravine in reserve before making 
the attack. .\ high explosive shell made a direct 
hit. Some men began to scream. I ran into the 
smoke. It was so dense I could not see others 
who could get out and when it finally cleared 
enough for me to see the scene cannot be described. 
It w-as the most frightful, terrible scene I liave ever 
witnessed. 

"There was one man I thought I could save, his 
leg being shattered. I warned him to lie still while 
I dressed him the best I knew how. I then went 
for a stretcher but there was none to be had. When 
I returned to the ravine everyone had left but the 
dead and wounded. I started to search for my man 
and found him as I liad left him. I told him that 



it would be hard on him but the only way was for 
me to carry him out on my back. I bent over to 
put him on my back when a high explosive shell 
struck a few feet away and a fragment struck me 
in the region of the left kidney, inflicting a severe 
wound. Another struck me just above the left 
ankle and raised an awful welt but no serious dam- 
age, only cutting through the skin. 

"After this I could not carry my man so I went 
back and asked a sergeant to send men for him as 
soon as possible. I also reported to the top ser- 
geant, then I managed to make my way to the 
dressing station which was not far away. I could 
go no further. I did my best and this was the first 
time I had failed to accomplish what I had under- 
taken. I made up my mind long ago that if I ever 
failed they would have to carry me ofif the field or 
bury me. They carried me. I can hardly say that 
I ever had to make up my mind for the idea of ever 
turning back never entered my mind. I have had 
to face this issue many times and in the other battle 
I happened to know that I was mentioned twice for 
bravery. 

"Don't feel sorry for me. The possibilities are 
that I will get well in due time. But more than 
this — I have done my work as best I could, I have 
worn my uniform without a stain. I have not done 
one thing or kept any company that I would be 
ashamed to introduce to my mother or sweetheart." 

Smith recovered quite fully from his wounds and 
after many weeks in hospital was returned to the 
United States and discharged. 

DODGING THE SUBMARINES. 
(By Charles O. Williams, Seaman, U. S. Navy) 

The following letter was written Sept. 13, 1918, by 
Williams upon his return from one of several trans» 
.Atlantic trips, this time bringing home several hun- 
dred wounded. 

"Arrived in port once more. Had rather an 
eventful trip. To begin with we had an accident 
before we sailed. They get civilians to coal ships 
on this side. There are a few sailors in the bunk- 
ers to see that the coal is stored all right. The 
bunkers are all closed except when the coal is lei 
in. There are steam pipes running all through the 
bunkers and one of these burst and killed seven 
civilians and one sailor. They had no chance tq 
get out. They were scalded like chickens when we 
got them out. The flesh came off the bones. 

"Then we left port in the evening. The Mt. Ver- 
non, a sister ship, and five destroyers were with 
us. About seven o'clock next morning a periscope 
bobbed up between the two ships. There was no 
chance for the ships to fire for fear of hitting one 
another. The Hun submerged almost immediately, 
then fired a torpedo. It hit the Mt. Vernon al- 
most amidships and killed 35 men. I saw the whole 
thing from the deck. The torpedo made a white 
streak as it passed through the water. When it 
struck there ^-tis a great explosion and water and 
other materials flew mast high. 

"The destroyers were on the job at once, firin.g 
and dropping depth bombs all around. They claim 
there were three submarines but I saw onlj' one. 
Whether they got away I know not but only one 
torpedo was fired. It is a wonder they did not 
take a shot at us as we were nearest. We and three 
of the destroyers started right ahead at full speed 
and came across alone. The Mt. Vernon turned 
back and made Brest under her own steam at 14 
knots but I guess she didn't have much to spare. 
When one ship is hit the others get away as soon 
as possible so they won't get hit too. They leave 
the destroyers to take care of the injured ship. 

"We brought back some 300 wounded soldiers 
this trip. Some of tlicm had some experiences to 



282 



tell. I wish I could get a couple of weeks at tliose 
ducks the season of which draws near. I know 
that is one great sport I shall miss." 

WITH THE AIR BOMBING SQUADRONS. 

(By Lieut. Lee C. Prentice, Deceased) 

Lieut. Prentice, who lost his life in a flight over 
the German lines, wrote interestingly of the life of 
an air tighter in letters received by relatives here 
after his death. 

These excerpts are from a letter written July 20, 
1918, while Prentice was with the British Expedi- 
tionary Forces somewhere in France. It was re- 
ceived here a month later. The writer was killed 
early in August. 

"There are three bombing squadrons here and a 
jolly lot they are. They have been giving Fritz the 
deuce and are still doing so. The squadron I am 
attached to has not been doing mucli the past week 
because it has had so many machines hinged and is 
waiting for new ones. 

"One of bunch, Lieut. Smitli of New York, went 
over the lines on a 'show' this morning. We were 
awfully envious about his going but two of us got 
up 15,000 feet before the others. We have lots of 
fun in this rivalry. 

"I got up LI, 000 feet yesterday and, gee. but it 
was fun. Awfully cold though. I was very anxious 
to get up high because some people can't stand 
height and I didn't know whether I could either, so 
that worry is all over now and I know I can go 
as high as the darned machine can but 1.5,000 feet 
is about the limit the machines of this squadron can 
rise. They are very slow in comparison with the 
Bristol fighters I have been in but tliey are made 
for one purpose only, bombing. We are waiting 
for the machines wath the Liberty Motors for then 
we can go higher and laugh at the damned Fritzs. 
"Twelve machines went on a raid this morning. 
Fritz got them pretty badly and we lost some 
machines and men but Smith got back fine. Under- 
stand he has been credited with bringing down a 
Hun. Gosh, wish that was me. If our machines 
would only come now so we could get a chance at 
them, but our duty is bombing and the fighting in 
the air comes from defense only. Offensive fighting 
is left to the fighting squadrons and the scouts. 

"It does feel good to hear from you how thf" 
raise the devil with the pro-Germans and Bolshe- 
viks. That seems to be the worry of all the armies 
and soldiers in the Allied armies, how are the folks 
taking care of the traitors in the old home towns. 
That is one of the first questions the French and 
British ask the Americans, 'How are you handling 
the Hun at home? Your country must be jammed 
with spies.' 

"I am finding out that the English have spies in 
Germany as well, for every time we have a raid 
and bomb some objective in about three days comes 
a mysterious report from across the line about what 
the effect was and how many people killed and the 
damage done. 

"This is a most beautiful section of France. The 
most wonderful woods, rivers, homes and farms and 
only 12 miles away the Germans are tearing up the 
very devil. They have tried to get into this section 
many times for they used to be here in peace times. 
"I sure enjoy your letters encouraging me and 
repeating your confidence in what I am trying to 
do. If one stops to think about the things he is 
doing and has gone through and is going through 
trust from home strikes deep. I don't lielieve I 
ever enjoyed your letters any more in my life than 
this year. There is a good reason, for any thread 
that connects one with home folks from away over 
here and in this kind of life strikes a mighty tender 
chord. 



"On every side we hear wondrous tales of what 
our own artillery is doing and of course tlie dough 
boys are covering themselves with glory. I hope 
when our air force once gets started we can make 
the same showing." 

In a still later letter Prentice wrote: 
"I am located in a rather quiet sector just now, 
that is quiet from the infantry and artillery stand- 
point, but old Fritz has found our home and comes 
over nearly every night with his message of love 
wrapped in a 250-pound bomb. As we are a bomb- 
ing squadron with no fighting planes vye sweetly 
reply with the roar of our '.\rchie' (anti air craft 
guns). 

"The next day comes our turn and we start out 
in the morning for some German city in the heart 
of Old Deutschland. or some airdrome, perhaps an 
important railway junction or ammunition dump, 
and do our little bit. 

"Sometimes we go over with only '.\rchie' to 
contend with; then sometimes they get a hunch we 
are coming so they wait for us behind some inno- 
cent-looking little cloud and give us just a little 
taste of hell (doesn't taste good either) and then 
we have to fight all the way to our objective and 
fight all the way back and take a photograph of 
our objective before coming home. I am getting 
so I hate the sight of clouds. I never dreamed they 
could hide so much deviltry. 

"Sometimes we all come back and sometimes we 
have to leave pals along the way. 'Where is Jack'? 
Oh, he came down in flames just across the line or 
he had engine trouble and was forced to land in 
Fritz's territory. Perhaps he can hide in the woods 
and iTiake his getaway.' One does not allow these 
things to make him feel bad, it's all in the game, 
all in the day's work. 

"It's fun just the same. It might make you smile 
%vhen I tell you that just before doing a 'show' we 
carefully pack away two large cakes of sweet choc- 
olate and a canteen of water in case we could hide 
in the woods and escape from a forced landing. 
Then we pack razors, soap, etc., and heavy boots 
in case of capture. Germans very seldom give pris- 
oners razors to keep clean. And the boots, if they 
don't take them away from you, obviate wearing 
the paper shoes made by the German government. 
"Seems funny, I have been in the army over a 
year and now is the first fighting I have seen. The 
first two months I was in France I did nothin.g, 
then was sent to England for more gunnery work, 
and for which I am now very thankful, which took 
about eight weeks. 1 am now attached to a British 
bombing squadron on the independent force. Don't 
know for how long but I hope not too long for I 
want to get back among the Americans again when 
those much touted American planes come over. 

"It seems that I am cut ofT from the news of the 
world entirely. The only papers we see are months 
old. Stories of our boys' heroism come drifting 
through from various places. You bet they are 
doing their bit and doing it well. It ought to shame 
some of those draft dodgers and grafters at home 
with these stories drifting back. But it doesn't. 
Every one of our boys who has gone down has been 
game to the very end. We do not see the result of 
hand to hand fighting ourselves. Only individual 
cases of boys gamely driving back after being ali 
shot up, dying as they hit the airdrome, or the occa- 
sional crashes where boys are ground up. Still it's 
the best branch of the service — this air game — in 
spite of the many drawbacks. 

"If I can get my share of tlie Fritzs and get 
back O. K. I will be happy. Ji-st wish me a clear 
eye and a sure aim and I will lie happy. This shoot- 
ing in the air is surely dififerent than handling a 
r'fie on the ground." 



2S3 



WOUNDED AND A PRISONER OF GERMANY. 

By Chas. E. Shoemaker, Private Co. B, 316th Inf. 

So far as known but one Alartin connty soldier 
had tlie experiences of a prisoner of war in the 
hands of the Boche. Private Shoemaker tells of 
his four weeks as a wounded American soldier in 
the hands of the enemy in the following narrative. 
"On Nov. 4th, 1918, our division, the 79th, was 
engaged on the Verdun front in the 4T-days battle 
of the Meuse-Argonne. \VhiIe making the drive nice- 
ly when I tangled with one of Fritz's shrapnels. 
I got the worst of it. I got a flesh wound in the 
right thigh, two scratches on the right knee, and 
just for good measure, a machine gun bullet came 
along and grazed my left side just below the ribs. 
One inch closer and it would have been my fmish. 
I was lucky. 

"They got me about 9 o'clock in the morning. I 
managed to get to a trench and find shelter from 
the bullets and shell that were coming over pretty 
thick, striking and bursting all around me. It was 
too hot for our fellows and they had to fall back 
temporarilj' and I was left in the trench to shift for 
myself as best I might. 

"About four o'clock in the afternoon Fritz came 
along and found me. They carried me about three 
miles to the rear to their first aid station where they 
dressed my wounds and kept me over night. They 
gave me a little black coflfee and bread and a stretcher 
for a bed. The next morning I was taken further 
back into Belgium and after remaining there a 
couple of days I was loaded into a German Red 
Cross train, carrying German, French and American 
wounded. After three days and as many nights 
with rations consisting only of soup and what they 
called a little bread and cofifee I was unloaded at 
one of Germany's largest prison camps near Darm- 
stadt. 

"I was placed in a temporary hospital and had 
my wounds treated once a day, except on some oc- 
casions when they would skip a day. Here is where 
I learned to fully appreciate the good old American 
Red Cross. From them I received a new uniform 
and outfit of clothing to replace my soiled, worn 
and blood-stained garments, worn when I went out 
of action. These were issued me when I was able 
to leave my bed and walk about. They also gave 
me rations every fourth day and through them I 
had plenty to eat, by doing a good deal of the 
cooking myself. From the Germans I received only 
soup (mostly hot water), a couple of potatoes and 
a piece of bread, and once or twice a week a little 
rice and cofifee. 

"My wounds were protected with dressings of pa- 
per, as they claimed they had no cloth left for band- 
ages. 

"After the armistice was signed I was given the 
privilege of going out of the prison walls to a little 
village where I could buy a few articles such as 
onions, potatoes, pickles and a little candy. 

"I never was abused or mistreated while a prison- 
er. I think the reason for this was that the armis- 
tice was signed so soon after my capture. The Ger- 
mans no doubt feared that ill treatment of the Ainer- 
ican prisoners would bring swift and certain retri- 
bution. 

"On December 1st I was ordered to entrain for 
release behind the allied lines. Though my wounds 
were still unhealed I had to walk six miles to a 
troop train that carried a large number of prisoners 
back to France. The walk was almost too much 
for me in my condition. Upon being released I was 
placed in a French hospital where it w'as pretty 
lonesome as every one spoke French. I was soon 
transferred to an American hospital, where I re- 
mained several weeks until my wounds were well 



healed when I was returned to the States for dis- 
charge after another month of treatment." 

HIDE AND SEEK WITH SUBMARINES. 

By Walter H. Blanck, Pharmacist, U. S. Navy. 

Tlie following extracts are from a letter written in 
June, 1918. 

"I have been attached to tlie Trans-Atlantic trans- 
port service since Jan. 1. As a result I have spent 
about six weeks on terra firma during that time. 
Nevertheless I feel none the worse. A man o' war 
makes an excellent home. It separates us from all 
the madness of a large city, crowded subways, foot- 
pads and all such. 

"Talk of pastimes! We are always playing tag 
and hide and seek. Of course, not like we used to 
at school, but we have playmates. We call them 
'tin fish' and 'Hcinies' but I guess you folks at home 
call them 'the terrible German submarines.' 

"We fail to see anything so terrible about them, 
but on the other hand the German submarine sail- 
ors are always complaining. They say 'the Yankee 
sailors play too rough.' They w-on't play with us 
any more. Now they pick on some helpless little 
tramp steamer which happens to get lost in a fog 
or storm. 

"We don't give them much of a chance. They 
submerge when they see us. We just run over their 
wake and throw a couple of 'ash cans' (depth 
bombs) overboard and then John U. Boat comes 
up, not all together however, but in pieces. The 
crew comes up the same way. One of them comes 
up and forgets to bring his head along, another 
without his body and still another without his legs. 
It's horrible to look at but the fools ought to know 
better than to monkey with anything that flies the 
American flag. They're ignorant. The Yankees 
will team them. 

"I have spent all holidays this year outside of my 
native land. Washington's birthday in Halifax; 
Palm Sunday in Brest: Easter Sundaj' in Bor- 
deaux; Decoration Day in Queenstown; ni}- birth- 
day in latitude 14. Don't know where I'll spend the 
Fourth, may be in 'Davy Jones' locker.' 

"This is a small world after all. One evening on 
entering an elevator of Fifth Ave., New York, I 
bumped into Ray Keyes. We swapped experiences 
and talked of home across the supper table. Walk- 
ing through a warehouse at Queenstown, Ireland, I 
saw a sailor I thought I knew. I looked again and 
sure enough, it was Carl Jessen, looking just as 
big, sturdy and healthy as the last time we were 
fishing together in >Iinnesota. 

"Decoration Day I visited the graveyard where 
the victims of the Lusitania are buried." 

TWO HUNDRED MILES OF BATTLE FRONT. 
By Robert E. Porter, 1st Lt. Q. M. C. 

(From a letter written October 10, 1918) 

"We took about a 200-mile trip along the French 
front yesterday studying the French methods of get- 
ting supplies and ammunition to the front and I sure- 
ly regret that I cannot tell you where we went. It 
was quite a sight — 15 cars of Allied officers. 

"We visited one prominent town recently occu- 
pied by the Germans and later shelled by them. 
One does not realize the awful destruction until 
one actually sees a town once containing 30.000 
people completely destroyed. A beautiful cathedral 
is just a pile of rocks. It had one tower partially 
standing and I climbed to the top of that to look 
over the vast ruins. 

"In some places the shell holes were so big that 
one could drive a Ford through them. 



384 



"We saw houses that were partly blown up. The 
different rooms showed as though one had cut the 
house in two with a dull knife. 

"In some places three sides of a room would be 
left and the bed would he hanging over the edge of 
the room, the pictures still hanging and in the kitch- 
en there would be all the cooking utensils on the 
wall, the dishes on a table. In one case a half 
bottle of wine was still standing on the table. 

"In some places the destruction had been carried 
further by hand, the furniture and pictures being 
destroyed. There were hundreds of such houses. 
The treachery of the Germans is shown by the fact 
that they have planted mines and bombs in these 
ruins that are exploded every now and then. 

"We were lucky in seeing an aereal combat just 
over the German lines. There were two big saus- 
ages up in the air and a bunch of planes but so far 
up we could not tell which was which. It was just 
dusk and the Germans were firing a heavy barrage 
in front of our planes. We could see the shrapnel 
burst and flash high up in the air. Would like to 
finish by sayin.g the German planes came down in 
flames, but while thej^ probably did, we did not see 
them. 

"We saw the emplacement of the big gun that 
fired on Paris. It was very much like a railroad 
turntable on great bearings, the size of a small 
bowling ball and which fit in a circular groove. It 
was in the middle of a dense wood and was in- 
dicated only by an innocent looking railroad lead- 
ing to it. They had big cranes there to unload mu- 
nitions and fine concrete billets under ground. They 
had destroyed it as much as possible by blowing 
it up. 

"The wonderful part of it is that they put in the 
railroad and gun in less than a month. The fool- 
ish part is that they fired only :34 shots and did 
practically no damage. 

"We saw machine gun nests up in trees, under 
bridges, in huts and everywhere. One of them was 
a concrete hut commanding the road and brid.ge. 
The walls were SVz feet thick of reinforced con- 
crete. There were about 12 port holes and the place 
was covered with grass and looked like a peasant's 
hut. The Germans' cots and mess and even letters 
were still there. There were a number of German 
helmets there but I did not keep one as I have no 
room to lug around souvenirs. 

"I will write as often as possible and we will be 
able to talk it over before many moons from the 
looks of things now. Believe me I will be some 
happy gink when I set foot on American soil 
again." 

GASSED AT BELLEAU WOODS. 

(By Thad Allen, Private 78th Co., 6th Regt. 
Marines.) 

One week after being put out of action by Ger- 
man gas Thad Allen wrote the followin.g letter to 
his parents from the ■Ba'se Hospital at Royat, 
France. Allen recovered and later returned to ac- 
tion with the famous 2nd Division. 

"Am writing this with just the corner of one eye 
open, so do your best to read it. I don't know 
whether you saw my name in the casualty list. 

"About June 13th I got into a kind of artillery 
trap and the part of the companj- that got out was 
gassed with mustard gas. After a couple of days' 
misery I landed here near Clermont, a famous tour- 
ist resort. I was totally blind for a week and will 
have no use of my eyes for another one. Gas is 
awful stuff. Luckily I kept most of it out of my 
lungs so I will get out all right in a few months. 
Part of my body is burned black as though I had 
bathed with liquid fire. Mustard gas settles on 
moisture and forms sulphuric acid. 



"With the water in my canteen I took an emer- 
gency wash of the worst spots. Yet I am covered 

with mammoth blisters. I had a H of a time 

but the worst is over. Am in bed, stiff, my lungs 
full of blood, but soon I'll be enjoying the scenery. 
I can only taste fruit and liquid food. I lost every- 
thing — gassed, lost and robbed when I was blind. I 
am mummified with bandages and can't see but will 
be out before long." 

Later, when partially recovered from his injuries. 
Private Allen wrote a vivid description of the ad- 
vance of the 2nd Division at Chateau Thierry as 
seen and experienced by a private in the ranks. 

"June 1st, 1918, in the early morning, the whole 
2nd Division got into trucks at Seraus, swept 
through Paris and Meaux, and on to meet the Ger- 
man drive. The road was filled with refugees. At 
a deserted village near noon we stopped for a short 
rest and ate all the rabbits and fowls left behind. 
Very soon our trucks took us a ways further. We 
got out and advanced in combat formation to the 
edge of a ravine and du.g in for the first time. We 
wondered wh\' — no Huns, no French, no firing. 
Soon over the hills came a few groups of French and 
then from out the wood across the ravine came 
occasional far off shots. Then, far away across 
open country and jun.gle, came the Huns, in long 
lines, confidently marchin.g their ten easy kilometers 
a day. The flj'ing French entreated us to leave 
from certain and useless death. The Hun lines 
stopped at the ravine, ignorant of our presence. 

"They were some surprised. We opened on them 
with careful aim and tellin.g effect. I had a fine, 
telescopic rifle and brou,ght down three that I 
know of in a short time. Before ni.ght the Hun 
artillery was growing. Soon we were in the midst 
of shell holes. The earth shook and earth and 
rocks showered us. More than one .guy made an 
unlucky selection for his little hole. We went two 
days without a bite to eat because the artillery 
blew up every chow cart that approached the front. 
The second night I crawled from my hole and re- 
ceived some scraps of bacon from the packs of 
those who didn't need it any more, and believe me 
that raw bacon tasted fine. 

"June 0th, 'over the top.' ^Machine guns every- 
where. I don't know how but we cleaned them out 
with ball or bayonet. Our company did great work 
and captured more than two Heinies to the man, 
besides those killed and driven back. 

"I am glad I got to the front in time to see the 
thousands of refugees fleeing a German advance 
that was scarcely contested. It is different than 
last winter — fighting Germans who had been taking 
their own pace toward Paris in the belief that they 
had already won; with artillery and aviation odds 
against us — different than it is now fighting their 
fleeing armies who know what American bullets 
and American bayonets are, with artillery and avia- 
tion odds all in our favor. Things are not as they 
were last winter when, near Verdun, we were in 
some of the muddiest trenches this country can 
show, with inadequate clothing and insufficient ra- 
tions. I am glad I was in the first 300,000 even if 
things didn't go so pleasantly." 

WHEN DEPTH BOMBS LET GO. 
By H. E. Wolfe, Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 

(From a letter written in July, 1918.) 

"We had our greatest excitement and sensation 
at supper last night. It was just 7:20. We were 
all jollying alon.g as usual when, out of the fog 
there came a distinct 'boom,' and our ship trembled 
from stem to stern. 

"There was a second's silence, then the mate 
said 'that's it.' 



283 



"No other word needed to be spoken. The next 
instant 65 men sprang to their feet and grabbed for 
their life preservers, which during the entire journey 
we have had to wear or have near us night and 
day. 

"The ship seemed to list to port, but, looking out, 
we saw that we were still moving. Then came a 
second 'boom.' Strange to say it did not seem to 
specially startle us. 

"The colonel's voice rang out telling us to stand 
fast and not leave the room unless the bugle sound- 
ed 'abandon ship,' a call to which we have daily 
responded in drill ever since we left. We returned 
to our seats at the table. 

"In the next few minutes there were additional 
'booms' to the number of fourteen. We were be- 
.ginning to speculate as to the cause by that time, 
feeling that it was not what we suspected. 

"Before we had finished the meal the colonel re- 
ported that about a mile and a half or two miles 
astern and to the left of us the destroyers had 
sighted a submarine for which they dropped 14 
depth bombs. It was the explosion 'of these that 
we heard and felt. 

"Believe me, if they could rock our ship at that 
distance I don't see how they could fail to get the 
submarine, so much closer and smaller." 

ESCAPED BATTLE'S PERILS TO DIE OF 
DISEASE. 

Private Fridolph O. Anderson, who before the 
war was assistant cashier of the Triumph State 
Bank, spent a month at the front with Co. E, ,54th 
Inf. He was then evacuated to the rear as a pneu- 
monia patient and died. 

A letter written. Oct. n, 1918, to a young lady 
friend, reached this county at the same time as news 
of his death. It was his last written word home. 

"I am keeping busy looking for some Germans 
to shoot at. We went into the trenches Sept. 1 
and now am just back of the first lines. I expect 
to go back soon. I am getting used to the big shells 
whizzing over and so far have been lucky not to get 
wounded. 

"I have not written to my sisters that I am in 
the trenches as they would be worrying, (.\nderson 
had two sisters in this county. His parents are 
dead.) 

"Have travelled a good way since I left the good 
old U. S. A. and seen many interesting scenes, in- 
cluding part of England and Scotland, also France. 
Will have a great deal to tell you when I get back 
home. 

"We have got old Kaiser Bill a-thinking now and 
showing him what the Sammy boys can do. 

"I am writing this in the Y. M. C. A. to the tune 
of the piano and listening to the music reminds me 
of home. I can imagine myself in the front room 
hearing you play the piano. Hope it won't be long 
till I can be sitting in one of those easy rockers 
watching your fingers go swiftly over the keys. 

"The Y. ^I. C. A. certainly is a nice place to go. 
We had a Bible class or,ganized but have not had 
time to get together lately. About thirty members 
used to meet once each week for Bible study. I 
do not neglect to read my Bible and pray even if 
the class does not get together. I carry my testa- 
ment with me always." 

GASSED ON HIS BIRTHDAY. 
By Private Albert F. Donwen, Co. A, 129th Inf. 

Private Albert F. Donwen of Jay township sur- 
vived all battles and saw the victorious dawn of 
armistice day. Still he did not live to return to 
home and loved ones. He was killed in a railroad 
accident in France Nov. 20, 1918. In a letter writ- 



ten October 16, 1918, to his parents he expresses the 
belief, common among the soldiers at that time, 
that the end of hostilities was at hand. 

"I am very sorry to say that I had quite a sur- 
prise on my birthday. I was slightly gassed on 
October 5th. Left for the hospital the next day and 
am at a base hospital now. I am being well cared 
for so don't worry about me. I was blind for a few 
day.s and can only talk a little now. But I think 
I will soon be after old Fritz again, that is, if I can 
ever catch up with him. We surely have got him 
going, haven't we? 

"I could have written and let you know about this 
much sooner but I didn't have the material to write 
on. The nurse just brought me an envelope but 1 
bummed this paper. I will try to fill it up the best 
I can. It looks as though we would be home before 
very long but you can never tell. 

"I expect threshing is all over with by this time 
and you will be husking corn when you get this 
letter. I wouldn't mind being there to help you 
husk a few loads." 

PATROL HUGS EARTH TO AVOID HUN 

BULLETS. 

(By Private Theodore Ludwigson, Hq. Co., 

324th Inf.) 

This letter was written by Private Ludvigson to 
Martin county relatives after hostilities had ceased. 
The writer recounts some of the emotions a fellow 
experiences while serving at the front. 

"I belong to Headquarters Company and the 
band marches with us, also Old Glory, just as bright 
as ever. The Huns, with all their damnable tricks, 
haven't even stained it. Gee, but it makes me feel 
good when the band strikes up "The Stars and 
Stripes Forever" and to see Old Glory waving in 
the breeze. When I realize what it means to us 
now my old rifle snaps into place and my feet get 
wild, no matter how far I have marched or how 
tired I am. We didn't see much of it while on the 
firing line and it certainly seems good to march 
with it again. 

"I got news from home that one of my chums 
had died and it seems hard to know I will see him 
no more. Many of my comrades here have left us 
the same way. I have helped to carry them away 
or to guard them at night and it makes a fellow's 
blood boil to see how perfectly tlie Huns some- 
times succeed with their devilish work. 

"I'm a Pioneer now, you know, and our work 
was mostly out in No Man's Land. We found four 
boys in our trench one morning and they were bay- 
onetted, shot and grenaded by a Boche patrol to 
make sure they were dead. It was a terrible sight. 
We carried tliem away and then started on a gen- 
eral Hun hunt with rifles cocked and bayonets fixed. 
We searched every bush and dugout in the woods. 
Our sector was in Alsace-Lorraine, near St. Die. 
Perhaps you can locate it on the map. It is a very 
mountainous region with forest all over it. 

"We got a couple of snipers but the rest got into 
their lines too quick for us. Our trenches were 
about 200 yards apart in some places. 

"Next day we started out with a patrol of 15 men 
to inspect wire entanglements and we went around 
on the German side of the wire. Pretty tough 
navi.gating, believe me. We had to crawl on our 
stomachs much of the way. All went well until 
we had nearly made the round. We were about 
100 yards from Fritz when the man next to me and 
in the rear of the patrol fell down in a mud hole. 
Holy Moses! Talk about excitement. The Huns 
heard and opened up on us. 

"Machine .guns were fairly cutting the grass 
around us. There was one thing in our favor and 
that was a little path on the crest of a hill. It was 



286 



about six inches deep and wc had to lie down flat 
and back up like a crab to face the enemy. They 
were too many for us and we dared not fire at 
them unless we could see them. They were at the 
foot of the hill in some bushes and trenches and 
poking away at us to beat the band. 

".\ hand grenade struck a tree not thirty feet 
from me and the machine guns sent a volley of bul- 
lets at the rate of .500 rounds a minute all around 
us. The sunken path is all that saved us as the 
bullets would hit in the dirt and .glance over us. The 
Fritzs thought they would have game for supper 
but soon changed their minds when our own ma- 
chine gun post spied them and a fight took place. 
We crawled through the mud till we got to our own 
trench again. Then the French woke up and sent a 
barrage of 75's over into the Fatherland. It seemed 
mighty good to hear them whistle over our heads 
and burst among the enemy. 

"I don't see how in God's name our patrol eve"" 
got away without being killed, but as luck would 
have it one of our boys en post was up in a tree 
and spied the Germans in time to give the alarm. 
So we owe our lives to him. 

"The Huns soon turned tail and ran and then we 
joined the bunch and took after them. They have 
got any jackrabbit beaten that I ever chased. We 
trailed them until dark but never got a chance at 
them. They are the worst kind of cowards when 
they see the other side has an even show. They 
thought our patrol was easy picking or they would 
have left us alone. They forgot that Uncle Sam 
had some ready stuff on hand." 

SECRET WAR PREPARATIONS. 
(By George W. Dewey, Captain M. C, U. S. A.) 

The following letter was written by Dr. Dewey 
from an unidentified place in France on June 21, 
1918. 

"This little town of possibly 400 inhabitants be- 
fore the war has already fed 40 of its best men to 
the guns. I visited an American Base Hospital to- 
day, only ten miles from here, an Orthopedic Hos- 
pital, and saw thirty young .Americans come in 
from the firing line with stubs to be fitted with 
artificial hands and feet. I looked them all over, 
wondering if I would see any familiar faces. I 
asked what part of the United States they came 
from and found they were from almost every state 
in the ■ Union. 'Any from Minnesota?' I asked. 
'Why yes, the sergeant over there is from Minne- 
sota.' I approached him. 'Yes,' he said, T am 
from Minneapolis.' Leg off above the knee. The 
monster jaws had closed on him and taken his leg. 

"Another handsome six-footer, not over 25 years 
old, with both hands off, was from North Dakota. 
One from New York and so on from all over the 
country. One strapping fellow attracted my atten- 
tion as he looked as though he ought to be all right 
except for a weak, trembling, staggering gait. 1 
asked him w-here he was wounded and with a cou.gh 
and a very faint voice he answered 'Gassed.' How- 
ever, bad as is their condition, the medical profes- 
sion is now doing wonders for these dismembered 
fellows. The one with both hands off said he had 
tried on an artificial hand to-day and could pick 
up a pin from the floor with it. 

"You may wonder what I am doing in this little 
town, which you probably cannot find on the map, 
and to what organization I am assigned. Censor- 
ship will not allow me to tell. '.Assembly Factory.' 
May assemble self binders or hay rakes or sewing 
machines. Probably as much like the latter as any- 
thing. It is an international affair. There are five 
different nationalities, speaking as many languages. 
At sick call this mornin.g I had 4ii men to look 



over with no one to help but a single interpreter. 
.Almost as bad as getting mail from home. But as 
badly as the languages seem to be mixed it is not 
like the Tower of Babel for there is a clear-minded 
head to manage and when this factory begins to 
move old Satan himself will have to sit up and 
take notice. 

"I am not exactly on the firing line, but like 
every one else in the army I may be somewhere 
else tomorrow. I was ordered here. I never saw a 
soul that is here before I came. I have not seen any- 
one since I came that I ever saw before. But there 
is a lot of work and we are .good friends and don't 
get lonesome. That is the spirit of it all here for 
we are after the devil and after him hard and won't 
be back till it's over over here." 

HOW AN AMERICAN SOLDIER DIED. 

The family of Private Henry Foster received the 
details of the death of this soldier in a letter from 
a sergeant of his company, written from France. 
The letter reveals the manner iii which the typical 
.American soldier comported himself in battle. The 
sergeant says: 

"I am writing you on a matter of .great sorrow 
to you but thinking you would like to know the de- 
tails of your brother's death I will state the main 
facts and if my words seem cold and cruel I ask 
your forgiveness. 

"After taking Grand Pre three times the Germans 
were retreating to the timber about one half mile 
to the north, leaving us in possession of the road 
running east and west with open ground between. 
Our next advance carried us across this open ground 
in the face of heavy machine gun fire. Our ob- 
jective was to clean up their machine gun nests and 
force the enemy through the timber. 

"Your brother Henry was in a party detailed to 
get a certain nest of five guns but in the dash across 
The open he was hit by a machine gun bullet, death 
being instantaneous. Later I and some comrades 
buried him where he fell about a mile and a quar- 
ter northwest of Grand Pre. 

"I am proud to say that Henry Foster met his 
death like a man, fighting for his country, and you 
should be very proud of the memory of a brother 
who was a soldier and a man." 

Foster's company suffered very severe casualties 
in the fighting at Grand Pre. Every ofilcer and most 
of the enlisted men were killed or wounded — but 
the objective was attained and the victory won. 

MARTIN COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. ' 

Five years before the Confederacy fired upon Ft, 
Sumter Martin county was an unsettled wilderness. 
It is true that previous to that date soldiers, trap- 
pers and hardy adventurers had penetrated the 
Chain Lake country and brought back accounts 
thereof to the outlying settlements in what was 
then the "far west." 

In March, 1856, the first permanent settler staked 
his claim in Martin county, which was then a part 
of Brown county. He was Calvin Tuttle and came 
from the vicinity of Ft. Dodge, Iowa, which was 
then one of the nearest settlements. His claim was 
located on Silver Lake. He brought with him his 
family, consisting of wife and seven children, and 
established the first home in Martin county. A few 
others came the same year, among them Wm. H. 
Budd. to whose published recollections we are in- 
debted for much of the information upon which 
this chapter is based. 

Immigration into the new country was slow and 
there was no general settlement until after the Civil 
War period When the country became involved 



287 



in civil strife there were only a few small settle- 
ments, the principal ones being at Fairmont, Center 
Chain, East Chain, Tenhassen, along Elm Creek 
and in Nashville township. The early settlers kept 
close to the wooded banks of the lakes and streams, 
which gave them shelter, fuel and material for their 
humble cabins. In 1861 the population was only a 
few hundred. 

Prior to permanent settlement detachments of 
United States troops passed through the territory 
and brought back accounts of a wonderful wooded 
lake country, abounding in game, fish and fur-bear- 
ing animals. General John C. Fremont led an ex- 
pedition through the southwest part of the county, 
giving his name to a small body of water, later per- 
petuated in the name "Lake Fremont township." 
Lt. Albert Lea, for whom the city of .\lbert Lea is 
named, passed through on an exploring expedition 
with a small company about ts.")4. 

According to Budd's History of Martin county the 
first troops to pass through what is now Fairmont 
after settlers had established homes here, was a 
battery commanded by Major Wm. T. Sherman, 
later General Sherman, the .great Civil War com- 
mander. He had a battery of four field pieces and 
was en route from Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, to Ft. 
Ridgley, Minn. Major Sherman made camp for 
his command on the east shore of Hall Lake, on 
land now owned by J. W. Lowe. While here he 
bought corn for his animals, numbering 64 mules 
and 80 horses, from the settlers. The ancient mem- 
oranda of the transaction shows Wm. H. Budd to 
have sold the corn and that he received from the 
government T.5 cents a bushel. This data proves 
this county during the outbreak and his name is not 
of record. 

The first local military organizations were formed 
in .August, 1S62, when, due to the great Indian up- 
rising, the settlers formed themselves into volunteer 
military units for mutual protection. Several from 
this county served in a company regularly organ- 
ized at Winnebago City, to which place and Blue 
Eanth City nearly all of the settlers fled when the 
first news of the Indian outbreak reached them. 
Only one person is known to have been killed in 
county durin.g the outbreak and his name is not of 
record. 

After a few days the excitement subs'ded some- 
what and the settlers returned to their deserted 
homes. Feeling the need of protection, as Indian 
depredations continued throughout the southwest- 
ern part of the state, the establishment of a .gov- 
ernment military post at Fairmont was procured. 
This was one of a number of similar posts along 
the frontier. 

Ft. Fairmont, which was a stockaded enclosure 
standing approximately where the court house is 
now located, was established in 1863. The first 
garrison was Co. A, 25th Wisconsin. Major Jerry 
Rusk, later governor of Wisconsin and prominent 
in national politics, was in command. Successive 
commands that later garrisoned the post were Co. 
.\ 7th Minn. Inf., Co. D 9th Minn. Inf.. Co. F Ist 
Minn. Mounted Rangers, Co. C fitli Minn. Inf.. 
Co. F 1st Minn. Mounted Rangers, and finally a 
detachment of cavalry. The post was abandoned 
early in 1865. During the time it was located Iiere 
a number of the settlers enlisted in Co. C, 6th Minn. 
Inf. and later went south with the command. 

The establishing of a military post not only 
brought security but prosperity in a degree to the 
settlers. There was a ready market for such sup- 
plies as could be produced locally and employment 
for much civilian labor. There was little for the 
soldiers to do except to patrol the line between 
Fairmont and adjacent posts. Much time was spent 
in hunting and fishing and a considerable number of 



Civil War soldiers, later engaged in rigorous cam- 
paigns and bloody battles in the southland, carried 
in their memories pleasant recollections of the days 
of service at Fairmont. 

A second military post in the county, also en- 
closed in a stockade, was established in connection 
with Ft. Fairmont in Sec. 36, Galena township, some 
fifteen miles northwest of Fairmont. This was 
called Ft. Chanyaska. fin Budd's history this is 
spelled "Shinnieska".) Successive reliefs from the 
Fairmont garrison occupied this post. 

In the midst of the toil and hardship incident to 
establishing homes in a new country, far from 
transportation and markets and the menace of hos- 
tile Indians jNIartin county was called upon to fur- 
nish its regular quota of troops under the various 
calls of Pres. Lincoln for volunteers, also under the 
draft when it became operative later in the war. 
That the settlement gave freely of its meagre and 
sorely needed man power is shown by the fact that 
more than sixty volunteers entered the Union army. 
Considering the scant population of the county at 
that time the roster of soldiers proves that there were 
no slackers here in those days, and that Martin 
county gave to the Union army men far out of pro- 
portion to its population. In many instances the 
volunteers were married men who had lately estab- 
lished their families here. All were poor and it is 
difficult for the people of to-day to imagine the hard 
conditions of life under which the people, more par- 
ticularly the women and children, were forced to 
live while husbands and fathers were in the army. 
Not too much honor can be accorded the heroic 
women of those days who "kept the home fires 
burning." Some of them still survive and are able 
to look back through the long vista of the years 
and picture in their minds the stirring and soul-try- 
ing experiences of the first war days the people of 
this county passed through. 

The recruits of the '60's did not march away in 
Pullman cars to the music of bands and amid the 
plaudits of the populace. They lacked the material 
comforts that followed our soldiers in the World 
War quite to the trenches. Their clothing and food 
was meager, their wages paid in depreciated cur- 
rency. Private soldiers were paid $13 per month, 
subject to a heavy depreciation. There were no fam- 
ily allotments and allowances to help those who re- 
mained in the homes. 

As the little parties of soldiers departing for the 
front left their homes they went on foot, oTi horse- 
back or on wagons drawn by oxen or horses. For 
the most part they went to Ft. Snelling, the mil- 
itary headquarters of the state, for mustering. One 
party started to march the entire distance, and ac- 
tually did travel on foot to Faribault, where teams 
met theiTi and furnished wagon transportation the 
rest of the way. From Ft. Snelling to the South 
the journey was usually by steamer, via the Mis- 
sissippi river. 

Unfortunately no record has ever been made of 
the names and service of the men from this county 
who served in the Civil War and at this late date 
such compilation is rendered most difiicult as time 
has severed nearly all the ties of personal recollec- 
tion binding those days to the present. However 
the work has been undertaken and by careful search 
of the records in the office of the adjutant general 
of the state and interviewing the few veterans and 
members of their families who remain the list which 
follows has been compiled. That it is complete or 
free from error is not to be expected. So far as 
known but four Martin county Civil War veterans 
survive at this date, April 1, 1920. They are Frank 
Park. Wm. H. Swearingen, Henry Henton and 
George Murray. Mr. Murray and Mr. Henton are 
the only ones still resident of the county. 



Roster of Civil War Soldiers. 



Name 
Bardwell, Chester A. 
Bennett, Hiram 
Brainard, L. F. 
Bottomley, William 
Brown, Mathias 
Budd, William H. 
Burdick, John W. 
Burnham, Alex 
Burnett, Eugene 
Burnett, George 
Canfield, Daniel A. 
Canfield, James E. 
Canfield, Lucicn F. 
Carver, Samuel H. 
Chesrown, J. M. 
Clark, Hiram 
Cole, Lafayette 
Connolv, Silas W. 
Cook, M. L. 
Doolittle, Edwin 
Elwiss, Francis 
Fitzsimmons, Dan'l C. 
Frederick, Jacob 
Garrison, George W. 
Gleason, William 
Hay worth, Jehu 
Hen ton, Henry 
Hodgman, A. J. 
Hubbard, William 
Hudson, James S. 
Johnson, Isaac 
Johnson, Rodney 8. 
Jones, Charles 
Keys, Edgar G. 
Loomer, Joseph H. 
Love, Daniel 
Lovell, George W. 
Murray, George 
Park, Frank 
Patchin, Joseph 
Pease, Frank L. 
Personius, C. D. 
Personius, Horace 
Pitcher, Asa 
Pitcher, Henry 
Rice, Stephen O. 
Rice, William F. 
Rogers, Robert F. 
Schultz, Christian 
Scott, George M. 
Sheppard, Jerome 
Smith, Alfred B. 
vSmith, John H. 
Stewart, Carey 
Swearingen, I. G. 
Swearingen, Wm. H. 
True, Lewis F. 
Whiteomb, Edward E. 
Whitcomb, Milo S. 
Willoughby, Joseph 
Wiltze, Thomas B. 
Young, Alphonzo W. 
Youngman, William H. 



Age at 








Enlistment 


Enlisted 


Discharged 


Command 


34 


Feb. 16, 1864 


Aug. 19, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


23 


Nov. 19, 1864 


Sept. 6, 1865 


Co. C 5th Minn. Inf. 


27 


Feb. 14, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


23 


Feb. 13, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


42 


Feb. 12, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


34 


Feb. 16, 1864 


Aug. 19, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


30 


Feb. 18, 1864 


Aug. IQ, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


17 


Feb. 15, 1865 


Sept. 2,7, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


18 


Apr. 12, 1864 


Jun. 1, 1866 


Co. B Brackett's Bn. 


24 


Sept. 7, 1864 


Jun. 17, 1865 


Co. B 1st Minn. H. A. 


18 


Aug. 21, 1862 


Died Jan. 20, 1864 


Co. K 7th Minn. Int. 


24 


Aug. 17, 1862 


Died Feb. 4, 1864 


Co. D 9th Minn. Inf. 


21 


May 21, 1861 


Jun. 1864 


Co. A 1st Minn. Inf. 


42 


Feb. 15, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


28 


Feb. 11, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


29 


Feb. 20, 1864 


Mav 10, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


25 


Feb. 6, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


18 


Feb. 6, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn, H. A. 


39 


Feb. 13, 1865 


Died, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


32 


Feb. 4, 1865 


Sept. 20, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


24 


Mar. 30, 1865 


Jul. 14, 1865 


Co. G 1st Minn. Inf. Bn. 


18 


Feb. 19, 1864 


Jan. 28, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


30 


Feb. 15, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


31 


Mar. 30, 1865 


Jul. 14, 1865 


Co. G 1st Minn. Inf. Bn. 


32 


Feb. 4, 1865 


1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


36 


Feb. 21, 1865 


Nov. 22, 1865 


Co. I 2nd Minn. Cav. 


24 


Feb. 18, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. M 1st Minn. H. A. 


35 


Feb. 15, 1865 


Sept. 21, 1865 


Co. H 1st Minn. H. A. 


38 


Feb. 26, 1864 


May 13, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 






Died in service 


2nd Wis. Cav. 


37 


Mar. 16, 1863 


Died in service 


Co. A 7th Minn. Inf. 


34 


Feb. 10, 1864 


Aug. 19, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


19 


Feb. 4, 1865 


Jun. 27, 1865 


Co. E 1st Minn. H. A. 


28 


Feb. 20, 1864 


Tun. 15, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


37 


Feb. 13, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


23 


Feb. 13, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


24 


Feb. 15, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


21 


Aug. 26, 1864 


Jun. 26, 1865 


Co. C lllh Minn. Inf. 


21 


Dec. 1, 1863 


Nov. 1, 1864 


Co. C 2nd Minn. Cav. 


18 


Feb. 4, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


43 


Feb. 20, 1864 


Aug. 22, 1864 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


26 


Nov. 16, 1864 


Died of Service Dis. 


Jan. 11, 1867 Co. I 5th Minn, 


17 


Jan. 31, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. E 1st Minn. H. A. 


38 


Nov. 18, 1864 


1865 


Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 


25 


Feb. 24, 1864 


Jan. 5, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


28 


Feb. 13, 1865 


vSept. 27, 1865 


Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 


44 


Nov. 1, 1864 


Killed Dec. 16, 186-1 


1 Co. K 5th Minn. Inf. 


23 


Nov. 18, 1864 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 


24 


Nov. 18, 1864 


Nov. 18, 1864 


Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 


27 


Nov. 20, 1864 


Jun. 26. 1865 


Co. F nth Minn. Inf. 


27 


Aug. 27, 1864 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 


22 


Feb. 15, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


24 


Feb. 16, 1864 


Aug. 19, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


22 


Aug. 17, 1862 


Aug. 24, 1865 


Co. D 9th Minn. Inf. 


28 


Aug. 27, 1864 


Jun. 26, 1865 


Co. H nth Minn. Inf. 


21 


Feb. 20, 1864 


Died in service 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


25 


Feb. 20, 1864 


Mav 24, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


35 


Feb. 14, 1865 


Sept. 27, 1865 


Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 


40 


Feb. 25, 1864 


Aug. 19, 1865 


Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 


34 


Mar. 10, 1865 


Jun. .30, 1865 


1st Minn. Bty. L. A. 


22 


Aug. 17, 1862 


1865 


Co. D 9th Minn. Inf. 



The great Civil War ended fifty-two years before 
the World War began. Still many of the veterans 
of that internecine strife survived to see our armies 
again victorious, a goodly number of these grizzled 
heroes in Martin county. Many of them saw sons 
and grandsons march away to again serve under 
the flag to which they half a century before had 
given proof of their devotion. Several of them 
again served their country in the only capacity open 
to them — as members of the county war board, 
solicitors in drives for funds and as speakers to 
stimulate zeal for the country's cause. 



J. A. Everett, an officer in a Maine regiment in 
the 60's, since deceased, addressed many public gath- 
erings to stimulate recruiting before the draft became 
operative. C. E. Coleman, H. P. Edwards and 
James D. Griggs were members of the county war 
board. All gave a hearty hand clasp and fervent 
"God bless you" to the boys of 1917-18. 

The records of the pension office of April 17, 1918, 
showed the following Civil War veterans to be res- 
ident of Martin county on that date. Several on 
that roster have since passed to the eternal bivouac, 



389 



such being indicated by the letter (d) after their 
names as they appear 1)chi\v. 

Adams. Benjamin, (d). Granada. 
Anderman, Henry, (d). Fairmont. 
Anderson. Charles A., Fairmont. 
Anderson. John O., Dunnell. 
Ammann. Jacob, Welcome. 
Atzenhofer Peter, Triumph. 
Ballon, Edward L., (d). Fairmont. 
Boyce, John, Fairmont. 
Brush. Edwin. Fairmont. , 

Canright. Solomon, (d), Truman. 
Clay. John. Fairmont. 
Colman. Charles E., Fairmont, 
Corey, Allen, Fairmont. 
Dettmer. Henry, Fairmont. 
Edwards. Huntington P.. Fairmont. 
Everett. James A., fd), Fairmont. 
FoUett. Frederick, Fairmont. 
Griggs, James D., Truman. 
Hendrick. Thomas C. Fairmont. 
Henton, Henry, Truman. 
Jewett. John G., Fairmont. 
Johnson, Nathan, (d), Fairmont. 
Jones. Chauncey W., (d). Fairmont. 
Lloyd, Edward S., (d), Granada. 
Leaning, Henry, Sherburn. 
McCadden. Richard J., Fairmont. 
Mills, Silas. Truman. 
Murray, George. Fairmont. 
Neison, Olof .\.. Sherburn. 
Oberg. Charles J., Dunnell. 
Odell, Joseph H., Granada. 
Persons, Walter C. Ceylon. 
Patchin, Joseph, Truman. 
Ray, Ransom P., (d), Fairmont. 
Robinson, John, (d), Truman. 
Runyan, Henry H., Fairmont. 
Schultz, William, Fairmont. 
Schultz. \\'illiam H., Sherburn. 
Seaton, WelIin.gton S., Fairmont. 
Sisson. Olen G.. (d), Sherburn. 
Smith, Josiah, Fairmont. 
Smith, Orlando, (d), Fairmont. 
Stadt, Charles, Welcome. 
Stewart. James, Fairmont. 
Swearingen, William H.. Fairmont. 
Taplin. John, Fairmont. 
Taylor, Augustus .'\., Fairmont. 
Trumble. Harvey W., Sherburn. 
Tuttle, Harmon B.. Fairmont. 
Tyler, Robert M.. Fairmont. 
Ward. Albert L., Fairmont. 
Weber, Cyrus, Sherburn. 
Wheeler, Edwin W., Granada. 
Wonlcott, Johnson. Ceylon. 

IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 

Martin county furnislied one full company of 
infantry for service in the Spanish-.A.merican war. 
This was Co. D, 2nd Inf. Minnesota National Guard, 
which after muster into federal service became Co. D, 
12th Minn. Volunteer Infantry. Minnesota fur- 
nished eleven regiments of infantry in the Civil 
War and when its state troops were called to serve 
against Spain the regiments were given numbers 
consecutivel3' beginning with the 12th. 

In raising troops for the Spanish-American war 
there was no general opportunity for enlistment as 
only a small number of troops were needed and the 
system then prevailed of forming complete local 
companies with local officers of the men's own elec- 
tion, such companies being accepted for federal serv- 
ice as needed or whenever political influence pro- 
cured their recognition. Under this system Minne- 
sota furnished four regiments of infantry for this 



war, tlirce of which were former national guard 
regiments and one raised late in the war liy volunteer 
companies being recognized and called to service. 

Fairmont had long maintained a national guard 
company and this was called out almost immediate- 
ly after war was declared. When the call was re- 
sponded to Co. D was officered bv Capt. Irvin.g J. 
Boyce. 1st Lt. William R. Boyce and 2nd Lt. Ed- 
ward K. Slater. The Captain and First Lieutenant 
were brothers, young farmers residing in Rutland 
township. Lt. Slater, 18 years of age, was a printer 
employed in Fairmont. 

Co. D entrained at Fairmont April 28, 1898, go- 
ing to Camp Ramsey, which was established at the 
State Fair Grounds. St. Paul, a state mobilization 
camp. Here on May 7th the men, except for a few 
rejected on physical examination, were mustered 
into federal service. On May 16th the company left 
for Camp Thomas, Chickamaugua, Georgia, for 
training preparatory to service in Cuba, the regi- 
mental commander having selected service there in 
preference to the Philippine Islands. The regi- 
mental commander was Col. Joseph Bobleter of 
New Ulm. a Civil War veteran and former state 
treasurer, the senior national guard officer of the 
state. 

The military situation never required that Co. D 
leave the United States. The quick collapse of 
Spain's army prevented a very large part of the 
forces of the United States from leaving the home 
camps. The 12th Minnesota was among the regi- 
ments that were not needed. 

Co. D remained at Camp Thomas until Aug. 22nd. 
On June 2.")th 25 additional men. recruited at Fair- 
mont, were added to the rolls, bringing the strength 
of the company to .3 officers and lOG enlisted men. 
During the summer the command suffered severely 
from an epidemic of typhoid fever, probably one-half 
of the men having the disease, while many others 
sufifered from dysentery and other complaints. San- 
itary conditions were intolerably bad and facilities 
for caring for the sick crude in the extreme. Not- 
withstanding the stamina of the men was such that 
only one, Private Leon C. Brown, died. Capt. Boyce 
was ill in hospital during all of the period of serv- 
ice in the south, the command devolving upon Lt. 
W. R. Boyce. 

Conditions became so bad at Camp Thomas that 
on Aug. 22 orders were received to proceed to Lex- 
ington, Kentucky, where Camp Hamilton was estab- 
lished. At that time less than forty men were pres- 
ent fit for duty. At Camp Hamilton the health of 
the men rapidly improved. The stay at this station 
was brief. On Sept. 15th, in obedience to orders 
previously received for muster out, Co. D started 
for Minnesota and home. The regiment proceeded 
to New Ulm, Minn., where Camp Mueller was es- 
tablished at the Brown county fair grounds. Co. D 
was immediately furloughed for thirty days and 
returned to Fairmont in a body on Sept. 22. On 
Oct. 7th the men were guests at an elaborate ban- 
quet given by the people of Fairmont. 

Furlough expired on Oct. 22nd when all returned 
to New Ulm for discharge. The final checking and 
disposition of records and property took until Nov. 
6. 1898, when the command ceased to exist and the 
discharged men returned to their homes, mostly in 
Martin county. Only a small number are still res- 
ident here at the time this sketch is written. They 
are scattered through many states and foreign coun- 
tries. Several have died and the whereabouts of 
many are unknown. 

Several of the former members of Co. D served 
in the World War. Private John H. Gould was 
with the A. E. F. as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the 
Veterinary Corps. He followed the regular army as 
a career after his short term as a volunteer. Lt. 



290 



Will. R. Boyce was again in the service as a Cap- 
tain of Infantry. Sergt. John H. Christie, an old 
regular army man, returned to that service and 
served until retired for age. He was recalled to 
service during the World War and died while on 



duty as an instructor at a camp in the United States. 
Private Arthur M. Nelson was again in service as 
Major Adjutant General's Department. Musician 
William P. Helinsky served overseas as an air 
service mechanic. 



Roster of Co. D, 12th Minn. Vol. Inf. 



Name Rank 

Boyce, Irving J Captain 

Boyce. William R 1 st Lieut. 

Slater, Edward K 2nd Lieut. 

Clark. James H 1st Sergt. 

Lewis, George Q. M. Sergt. 

Teeter. George Sergt. 

Bird, Alex Sergt. 

Montgomery, Edward Sergt. 

Christie, John H Sergt. 

Williams. William D Corporal 

Milhert, Walter Corporal 

Pratt, Marshall N Corporal 

Bird. Benjamin F Corporal 

True, Norman T Corporal 

Drown, Samuel F Corporal 

Conklin, Percj- T Corporal 

Burdick. Frank V Corporal 

Swearingen. Charles Corporal 

Gould. Watson W Corporal 

Livingston, Robert Corporal 

Helinsky, William P Musician 

Lampert. Adelard Musician 

Dyslin, -Maurice Artificer 

Wolter, John Wagoner 

.\nderman, George Private 

Blair, James Private 

Blencoe, Frank E Private 

Brown, Leon C Private 

Buchan, John Private 

Buck, Fred Private 

Burrell, George Private 

Casey, Thomas Private 

Caroll. James Private 

Cheeney, Zina R Private 

Conquest, Frank E Private 

Crawford, Ernest R Private 

Crown, John H Private 

Cutler, Willis Private 

Diedrick, Peter G Private 

Decker. Alfred R Private 

Elias, John Private 

Eaton, Charles A Private 

Eaton, Frank Private 

Frankfurt, Herman Private 

Fowler. Edwin Private 

Frederickson, George Private 

Flemming, Robert Private 

Flemming, Louis Private 

Frank, John Private 

Gould, John H Private 

Greer, Virgil Private 

Graham, Frank L Private 

Gimm, Otto Private 

Garmes, William L Private 

Groebe, Charles A Private 

Grant. Clarence E Private 

Heiges, Roy Private 

Hanson, Eric Private 

Hicks, Vernon Private 

Headley, Aubrey Private 

Hou,ght;ilin,g. Archie G Private 

Heciit. Fred G Private 

Jones, Milton Private 

Johnson, Axel E Private 

Johnson, Robert Private 

Jurries, Fred C Private 

Joswiak, Jacob P Private 

Kruse, Orrin A Private 



Remarks 
Resides in Portland, Oregon. 
Co. Treas. Martin county. 
In business at La Grange, 111. 
In postal service at Fairmont. 
Died since discharge. 

Died since discharge. 
Died since discharge. 
Died in service during World War. 



Grain buyer, Cleveland, N. D. 

In business at Fairmont. 

In business at Truman, Minn. 

Traveling salesman, Fairmont. 
In business at Fairmont. 
Resides at Fairmont. 



U. S. civil engineer. 
Estherville, Iowa. 
Resides in Canada. 



Lives at East Chain. Minn. 

Lives in California. 
Died in service. 
Lives in northern Minn. 
Resides at Mankato, Minn. 



Deserted .\ug. 9, 1S98. 



Detailed to band. 



Resides at Welcome, Minn. 



Farmer near Fairmont. 
Resides in California. 



Lt. Col. U. S. regular army. 
Company clerk. 
Resides in Fairmont. 
Resides in Fairmont. 



Resides in Seattle, Wash. 
Resides in Minneapolis, Minn. 
Deceased. 

In business, Fairmont. 
Farmer, South Dakota. 
U. S. postal service, St. Paul. 
In business. Truman, Minn. 
Missionarv in India. 



391 



Name Rank Remarks 

Kramer, Fred W Private Detailed to band. Fairmont. 

Krahnke, Otto Private Resides in California. 

Meyer, Henry Private Resides at Jackson, Minn. 

Milbert, George N Private 

Murray, Edward Private 

Merrill, Chas. O Private Resides at Minneapolis, Minn. 

McAnliff, Joseph P Private .Absent sick at muster out. 

Murrell, Leslie V Private 

Neacher, John Private Died since discharge. 

Nelson, Arthur M Private Resides in Fairmont, Minn. 

Oxreider, George J Private Died since discharge. 

Oothoudt, Joseph Private 

Peters, William J Private 

Pickett, Ellsworth Private 

Peterson, Adolf Private 

Petersen, Maurinus Private U. S. police. Canal Zone. 

Petersen, Chris Private 

Personius, Wesley G Private 

Pulver, Harry B Private 

Robinson, George E Private 

Santee, John H Private Resides at Excelsior. Minn. 

Smith, Elliot Private Prof, of astronomy, U. of Cincinnati. 

Shaver, Eddie Private Died since discharge. 

Sunderson. Adolph Private In business, Fairmont. 

Svendsen, Edward K Private 

Swearingen, Arthur Private 

St. John, Roscoe, E Private Resides at Racine, Wis. 

Speier, Joseph Private Resides at St. Cloud, Minn. 

Schumacher, John J Private 

Schoeppach, Will G. C Private Resides at Colgate, N. D. 

Stiles, Irwin Private 

Theobald, Frank Private Discharged Sept. 2, 1898. Resides at Ceylon. 

True, Gerald Private Died since discharge. 

VanAmber. Roy E Private Resides at Truman. Minn. 

Wilkin, Emil Private Resides at Monticello, Minn. 

Wilcoxen, Edgar Private 

Wright, Bert A Private Died since discharge. 

Welch, Dean Private 

Young, Arthur Private Resides at Winnipeg. Canada. 

Zimmerman, Frank Private 

One Martin county man served in this war outside of Co. D. Roy .\. Everett was regimental ad- 
jutant of the 13th Minn. He now resides at Gadsby, Alberta. 

Following their discharge three men, F. W. Kramer, Maurinis Peterson, and Fred C. Jurries, en- 
listed and served in the Philippine Islands, seeing active service during the Aguinaldo insurrection. 



MARTIN COUNTY ON THE MEXICAN 
BORDER. 

In the critical days of llllG when as a result of 
Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico, and other 
outrages on the international border it seemed that 
armed intervention in Mexico could not be longer 
avoided, Martin county was called upon to furnish a 
company of national guard infantry for federal serv- 
ice. 

The company, stationed at Fairmont, was deplet- 
ed in numbers, but with the call to duty rapidly 
filled its ranks with splendid soldier material from 
all parts of the county. 

The company was called on June 26, 1916, and 
entrained on that date for Ft. Snelling,. Minn. 
where a complete brigade of Minnesota national 
guard infantry was mobilized for federal service. 
A Martin county guardsman, Arthur M. Nelson, was 
appointed adjutant to the brigade commander. Gen. 
Arthur W. Wright of Austin, immediately on reach- 
ing camp. Gen. Wright was later disqualified for 
command and was succeeded by Gen. F. E. Resche 
of Duluth before departure for the south. 

Co. E spent a brief but intensive period at Ft. 
Snelling, a post rich in historic interest and military 
traditions. It was at this post that most of Minne- 
sota's soldiers of the Civil War period had mobilized 
and left for the front by river boat. .A canvas camp 
was established, the post having insufficient bar- 



racks at that time for so large a command. It had 
in fact been in disuse as a military post for a num- 
lier of vears and the barracks, officers' quarters and 
other buildings unoccupied except for a small de- 
tachment of the Quartermaster Corps. With the 
arrival of the 3.000 national guardsmen it took on 
new life and was a busy center of military activity 
in 1916 and the succeeding years of the World War. 

On June 30th Co. E was formally mustered into 
federal service and subject to duty under the laws 
then existing anywhere within or without the United- 
States that the government saw fit. Equipment and 
supplies were rushed to Snelling and outfitting of the 
troops was speedily accomplished, with plenty of 
drillin.g interspersed to keep officers and men fully 
occupied through the long summer days. Practical- 
ly all of the troops were given a course of instruc- 
tion and practice on the rifle range before depart- 
ure. On July 15th the first units left Snelling for 
the South and by the 19th all had left. 

The location on the border assigned Co. E and 
the rest of the Minnesota brigade, which included 
Ijesides the three infantry regiments, a regiment of 
field artillery, was llano Grande, Texas, a mere 
name on the map. there being no town or settle- 
ment at that place, although it was a railroad sta- 
tion. Llano Grande is only a half day's march from 
the Rio Grande River and located about 35 miles 
up that stream from, Brownsville, Texas. It is in 



292 



the most southerly part of the main land of the 
United States and its climate semi-tropical. 

The arriving troops found Llano Grande chiefly a 
densely wooded area, the heavy growth of mesquite 
and underbrush forming an almost impenetrable 
jungle. This had to be cleared away in order to 
afford a camp site and drill fields. The work was 
done by the troops assisted by hundreds of civilian 
laborers, most of whom were of full Mexican blood 
though native born American citizens. Within a 
few weeks the camp site took on an entirely differ- 
ent appearance with plenty of level open spaces for 
drills and maneuvers. 

This particular section had been the scene of nu- 
merous affrays and disorders with many people, both 
Me.xican and American, killed. With the arrival of 
troops in large numbers these incidents stopped 
and the soldiers formed the opinion that in many 
of the occurrences of the past blame could be placed 
at last equally upon the inhabitants of the two 
countries. The relations of the Mexicans with the 
troops were uniformly amicable and in that par- 
ticular sector there were no clashes with any armed 
bodies of marauders from across the boundary, nor 
was there a single proven act of violence or hostil- 
ity against any soldier of the Minnesota brigade. 

With the passage of time and the return of Persh- 
ing's punitive expedition from Mexico, which was 
several hundred miles to the northwest, the convic- 
tion settled upon the army and the country that 
there would be no intervention in Mexico. It was 
the judgment of many that, anticipating as inevita- 
ble the participation of the United States in the 
European struggle, a primary object in the mobili- 
zation of the guard on the border was to train the 
troops for their part in later eventualities. Certain 
it is that in this respect the mobilization was worth 
all it cost the country and provided many thou- 
sands of the best officers and men in the vanguard 
of the forces sent to France in 1917 and 1918. 

Greater attention was given to field maneuvers 
than in any previous mobilization of American 
troops, of which this was by far the largest the 
country had seen since the Civil War. In Novem- 
ber, 11117, there was staged in the vicinity of Brown- 
ville the greatest combat exercises ever seen in the 
United States as a training experience. The Minne- 
sota brigade participated as a unit under its own 
officers. The marches and maneuvers occupied two 
weeks and involved road marches of more than 100 
miles. The conduct, endurance and morale of the 
men was admirable and proved them fit for any 
service that might be demanded of them. 

Although transferred in the dead of summer from 
a northern to an extreme southern latitude the 
health of the troops was remarkable. In the Minne- 
sota brigade there was no death from preventable 
sickness. In fact in more than si.x months of serv- 
ice there were but five deaths in the brigade, three 
from appendicitis, one accidental and one suicide. 

Demobilization begun in December, 1917. The 
brigade was transported again to Ft. Snelling, Minn, 
where it was returned to its status of state troops. 
Co. E was formally mustered out service on Jan. 
24, 1917. 

In July of the same year the company was again 
in federal service for the World War. The experi- 
ences and training in border service showed splen- 
did results as nearly all of the men remained with 
the colors. The company furnished two captains, 
twelve lieutenants and numerous non-commissioned 
officers in the new army organized in 1917-18. 

Roster Co. E 2nd Inf. M. N. G. 

Capt. Henry W. Luedtke 
1st Lieut. James H. Clark 
2nd Lieut. William R. Boyce 



1st Sergeant Frederick L. Hoover 
Mess Sergeant John Scharpf 
Supply Sergeant Lyn Houghtaling 



Sergeants 



Orren C. Thompson 
Harold H. Tanner** 
William C. Mever** 
Earl E. Phifer 
Walter S. Carver 
Ralph K. Parker 

William A. Ellis 
Carl A. Sauck 
Claude H. Blencoe 
Frank E. Potter 
Emil G. Thiemann 
Frank Kessler 



Alfred C. Talzman 
\\'illiam Cramlett 



Corporals 



Cooks 



Buglers 



Harland H. Fowler** 
Kenneth E. Personius 
Albert E. Fillmore 

Mechanic 
Esgar W. A. Serle 

Privates 
Abernath}', Charles O. 
Allen, Harry 
Blanck, Alfred C. 
Brown, Guy H. 
Brown, Robert A.* 
Burns, Arlo E. 
Bush, George E. 
Craig, Claude A. 
Crawford, Glen I. 
Coombs, William J. B. 
Culshaw, Robert 
Fairbanks. Louis 
Gaertner, Sidney J.* 
Haroldson, Ivar A. 
Heiges, David M. 
Hurt, Barney R. 
Jeflfries, Roy D.* 
Kent, Clarence E. 
Kruse, Lloyd R. 
Kubera, Tony I. 
Lattimer, George A. 
Lockard, Loyd C. 
Lofstedt, Einar S. 
Martin, Edwin 
McCuUoch, James E. 
McDermott, George H. 
McMullin, John F. 
Meyer, Fred W.** 
Meyer, Harry C. 
Miller, Ray F. 
Morgan, Alfred L. 
Nielsen, Holger 
Nowak, John 
Patterson, Clarence L. 
Personius. Lester C. 
Polsten, William H. 
Pondorf, Frank 
Records, Spencer R. 
Sawyer, Robert I.* 
Schultz, Emil 
Slater, Earl E. 
Soma, Andrew 
Thomsen, Ed. 

* Discharged for physical disability. 
** Transferred. 



293 



THE VICTORY MEDAL. 

Each of the soldiers, sailors, marines and nurses 
of the county, is entitled to wear the victory medal, 
issued by the governinent in recognition of service 
between April 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918. There are 
distinguishing features between the medals of those 
who served overseas and within the United States. 

There are worn with the victory medal battle 
clasps which are awarded for participation in any 
of the thirteen major operations which have been 
recognized by the war department as battles prop- 
er. There is also a defensive sector clasp, for troops 
that were at the front but not engaged in any of the 
thirteen designated operations. There are also five 
overseas service clasps for troops not entitled to 
battle clasps. 

The following is a list of the battle and service 
clasps and the number of troops entitled to wear 
the same. These are arranged in order of date of 
engagement and service. 

Cambrai. between May 13 and Dec. 4, 1917—3.500. 

Somme Defensive, lietween March 21 and April li. 
1918 — 2,000. 

Lys. between .\pril 9 and April 27, 1918—500. 

Aisne, on the Cheniin des Dames and northeast 
of Rheims. between May 27 and June 5, 1918 — 36,150. 

Montdidier-Noyon, between June 9 and 13, 1918 
— 37,000. 

Champagne-Marne, between July 15 and 18, 1918 
—85,000. 

Aisne-Marne, lietween July IS and Aug. 6, 1918 
— 277,880. 

Somme Offensive, between Aug. 8 and Nov. 11, 
1918—54,000. 

Oise-Aisne, between Aug. IS and Nov. 11, 1915 
— 85,000. 

Ypres-Lys, between Aug. 19 and Nov. 11, 1918— 
108,000. 

St. Mihiel, between Sept. 12 and 16, 1918—557,750. 

Meuse--\rgonne, between Sept. 26 and Nov. 11. 
1918-1,208,350. 

Vittorio-Veneto (Italy), between Oct. 34 and Nov. 
4, 1918—1,300. 

Defensive Sector (for service in defensive sectors 
as distinguished from major operation in European 
and Siberian service) — 1,005,500. 

*France. between .^pril 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918 
—621,300. 

*Italy, between April 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918 — 
4.800. 

*Siberia, for any service — 9,000. 

*Russia, for any service in European Russia — 
9,000. 

England (where service was in England only), 
between .\pril 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918—30,100. 

* For service not entitling them to battle clasp 
or defensive sector clasp. 

The names of battles in the foregoing list are 
those ofticially recognized by the war department. 
Many of the operations are frequently called by 
other, but unofficial names. 

GERMANY'S STUPID AERIAL PROPAGANDA. 

In common with their comrades generally Martin 
county soldiers treated with humorous contempt the 
efforts of the German general staff to undermine 
their morale, especially through the means of print- 
ed propaganda. In the latter months of the war 
Boche air planes dropped over the .\merican lines 
great numbers of the Aerial Messenger, carefully 
printed in English. That Germany should imagine 
that American soldiers could be swerved from their 
purpose by such crude methods is typical of the 
bungling s'tupidity of German tactics. 



Several of these innocuous but interesting pieces 
of literature were preserved and brought home by 
Martin county men. The following is a typical 
sample: 

The Better Part of Valor. 

Are you a brave man or a coward? 

It takes a brave man to stand uo for his principles. 
Cowards stand behind leaders and die. imagining 
that by so doing they become heroes. 

The motive of an act is its measure. If you think 
the war is hell and that you as a citizen of the 
United States of America have no business to be 
fighting in France for England you are a coward 
to stay with it. If you had the courage to face 
criticism you would get out and over the top in no 
time to a place where there is some likelihood that 
you may see home again. 

What business is this war in Europe to you any- 
how? You don't want to annex anything, do you? 
You don't want to give up j'our life for the abstract 
thing humanity. 

If you believe in humanity and that life is pre- 
cious, save your omn life and dedicate it to the ser- 
vice of your own country and the woman who de- 
serves it of you. 

Lots of you fellows are staying with it because 
you are too cowardly to protest, to assert your own 
wills. Your wills are the best judges of what is best 
for you to do. Don't ask any one's opinion as to 
what you yould better do! You know best what 
is the right thing to do. Do it and save your life! 
Germany never did any harm to you, all the news- 
paper tales of wrongs were printed to inflame you 
to the fighting pitch, they were lies, you know you 
can't believe what you read in the papers. 

If you stay with the outfit, ten chances to one all 
you will get out of it will be a tombstone in France. 



THE AMERICAN LEGION. 

The work of welding into an organization of pa- 
triotic purposes and mutual helpfulness the men and 
women who served in the \Vorld War was taken up 
early in 1919 throughout Martin county. Posts of 
the American Legion were in process of organiza- 
tion while one half of the service men of the county 
were still with the colors. 

The first national caucus of returned service men 
looking to the organization of a great national body 
that would include in its membership all .Americans 
who entered military or naval service during the 
period of hostilities was held at St. Louis, Mo., May 
8, 9 and 10, 1919. Delegates were selected on the 
basis of congressional districts and states. Arthur M. 
Nelson of Fairmont was one of the 38 delegates 
from Minnesota and chosen a member of the first 
National Executive Committee. 

Immediately after the return of the Fairmont del- 
egate from the national caucus the organization of 
a post at Fairmont was begun. On May 15th the 
first meeting was held at the Fairmont commercial 
club rooms with 27 veterans present. Lyn Hough- 
taling was chosen chairman, Leo J. Seifert secre- 
tary and R. C. Lowe treasurer. A charter list was 
signed up and committees appointed. The name of 
Lee C. Prentice Post, American Legion, was decided 
upon. 

This was the first post organized in the county 
though its charter was not granted until August 
1st following. Members flocked to the new vet- 
erans' organization at all points where posts were 
being organized. Within a short time there were 
posts at Fairmont. Sherburn, Truman, Welcome, 
Ceylon, Dunnell and Triumph-Monterey. Granada 
organized in March, 1920. With this post the or- 
ganization of the county as an .\merican Legion 



291 



unit was completed, there being a post at every 
village wliere maintenance is practicable. The com- 
plete list of posts in the county is as follows: 

Town Post Name 

Fairmont Lee C. Prentice Post 

Slierburn Thomas Saxton Post 

Welcome Carey-Klusendorf Post 

Truman Oles-Reader Post 

Bunnell Oselius-Andersqn Post 

Ceylon Ernest Kassen Post 

Triumph-Monterey Henry W. Foster Post 

Granada Bert D. Rodewald Post 

In every instance tlie Posts are named in honor 
of men from the immediate locality who gave their 
lives in the service. 

The principles of the American Legion, though 
already familiar to all, are properly reproduced here. 
The preamble to the constitution of every American 
Legion Post is as follows: 

"For God and Country we associate ourselves to- 
gether for the following purposes: To uphold and 
defend the Constitution of the United States of 
America; to maintain law and order; to foster and 
perpetuate a one hundred per cent. Americanism; 
to preserve the memories and incidents of our as- 
sociation in the Great War; to inculcate a sense of 
individual obligations to the community, state and 
nation; to make right the master of might; to pro- 
mote peace and good will on earth; to safeguard 
and transmit to posterity the principles of justice, 
freedom and democracy; to consecrate and sanctify 
our comradeship bj' our devotion to mutual help- 
fulness." 

As the one great society of World War soldiers, 
sailors, marines and nurses, recognizing no distinc- 
tions between former officers and former enlisted, 
foreign or domestic service, branch of service, male 
or female, democratic and thoroughly American in 
all its principles and precepts, the American Legion 
is destined to be a tremendous influence in American 
life so lon.g as it shall exist. 



WORLD WAR AND CIVIL WAR FORCES 
COMPARED. 

During the World War approximately 4,800,000 
men served in the army, navy, marine and other 
forces of the United States. This was almost ex- 
actly 5 in each 100 of population. In the Civil War 
2.400,000 served in the Union forces, which was 
in the proportion of 10 to each 100 of population. It 
will thus appear that in the Northern states the 
percentage of men serving in the army was double 
what it was for the country as a whole in the World 
War. 

Compared witli the efforts of England it is shown 
statistically that while it took that country three 
years to reach a strength of 2,000,000 men in France 
the United States accomplished it in one-half of 
that time. One and a half million L'nited States 
soldiers were sent to France in a si.x month period. 

Of the total forces in our army 10 per cent, came 
from the national guard, 13 per cent, from the reg- 
ular army and the remaining 77 per cent, throu.gh 
the selective service act or draft. 



WAR STATISTICS. 

Figures and facts given in the following pages are 
taken from the latest and most authentic sources, 
usually the publications of the United States gov- 
ernment, and are as complete and accurate as they 
can be made. 



Battle Deaths, Casualties and Prisoners 

Taken by the Various Divisions 

Serving Overseas. 



Division 


I 


Deaths 


Casualties 


Prisoners 


;.>nd 




4478 


:;22:.;o 


12026 


1st 




4411 


21612 


6469 


3rd 




3177 


16117 


2240 


28th 




2551 


13980 


921 


43nd 




2644 


13919 


1317 


26th 




2135 


13460 


3148 


32nd 




2915 


13392 


2153 


4 th 




2611 


12504 


2756 


77th 




1992 


10498 


750 


27th 




1785 


8986 


2357 


30th 




1629 


8954 


3848 


5th 




1976 


8840 


2356 


82nd 




1298 


7546 


845 


89th 




1433 


7291 


5061 


35th 




1067 


7283 


781 


90th 




1392 


7277 


1876 


33rd 




989 


7255 


3987 


78th 




1384 


7245 


432 


79th 




1419 


6750 


1077 


80th 




1132 


6132 


1813 


91st 




1414 


5778 


2412 


37th 




977 


.5243 


1495 


29th 




931 


5219 


2187 


36th 




600 


2528 


549 


7th 




298 


1693 


69 


92nd 




176 


1642 


38 


81st 




251 


1224 


101 


6th 




93 


546 


13 


88th 




29 


118 


3 


93rd 


(Incom 








plet 


e) 


584 


2582 




Troops 


not in 








Divisions 


1019 


3498 




Replacement an 


d 






Depot Divs 


. 1472 


1556 





50323 



255970 



63079 



Figures in "Deaths" column are battle deaths with 
exception of Replacement and Depot Divisions. 

The foregoing list accounts for all combat divi- 
sions. Other divisions that served in France were 
not used as coinbat troops or broken up to refill 
other divisions. Divisions from 1 to 8 were regular 
army divisions; 26 to 42 national guard divisions; 
all others national army divisions. 

The following went to France as divisional units 
but were not in active battle service as divisions: 
:i9th, 40th, 34th, 84th, 86th, 87th, 8th, 31st, 38th. 
Most of the men from these divisions saw active 
service after transfer to other units. 



BATTLE DEATHS OF ALL COUNTRIES. 

The accredited historical work "War With Ger- 
many," compiled by Col. Leonard P. Ayers, Chief 
of the Statistical Branch of the General Staff, and 
based upon the most authentic information in pos- 
session of the Llnited States Government, gives the 
total battle deaths of the war in round numbers at 
7,485,000. This includes those killed in battle and 
(tied of wounds. These are distributed among the 
various warring countries as follows: 

Russia 1,700,000 

Germany 1,600,000 

France 1,385,000 

England and colonies 900,000 

Austria 800,000 

Italy 364,000 

Turkey 250,000 

Serbia and Montenegro 125,000 

Belgium 102,000 



395 



Roumania 100,000 

Bulgaria 100,000 

United States 50,323 

Greece 7,000 

Portugal 3,000 



PERCENTAGE OF DRAFT MEN PHYSICALLY 
QUALIFIED. 

Reports of the Provost Marshal General's office 
showed that there was considerable divergence in 
the number of men of draft age found physically fit 
for service in different parts of the country. Men 
from the central states showed the smallest per- 
centage of military ineffectives, while in the New 
England and Pacific coast states the percentage was 
the highest. 

In the following states 7.5 or more men out of 
every 100 examined were found pliysically fit for 
military service: Minnesota. North Dakota, South 
Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Ar- 
kansas. Texas, New Me.xico, Wyoming and Ken- 
tucky. Sixty-seven out of each 100 examined were 
found qualified in Montana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Mis- 
souri, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland. 
North Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana 
and Florida. Sixty-two in each hundred were 
passed in Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Pennsyl- 
vania, Virginia. Tennessee, South Carolina, and 
Georgia. In the remaining states the percentage was 
an average of .54 qualified men in every 100. 



THE DEAD RECRUIT. 

He did not die where booming cannon's roar 

Meets bursting shell or hand grenade, 

His not the chance with his own corps. 

In this great struggle, thus to give 

His strength and splendid youtli to Freedom's blade; 

In training camp his lot to die, 

A soldier in the making, not yet made. 

No victor's wreath will ever crown his head. 

At his return no cymbals ring; 

Or triumph's sonnet e'er for him be read. 

Yet when he died, lost was a man 

Who might have worn with grace the laurel wreath. 

His death untimely was and mourned 

Will be. by patriots, for a life so brief. 

But this liis fitting epitaph shall be: 

Of all the men who marched away, 

Or fought, or died on foreign soil, to free 

The nations from a tyrant's thrall, 

We, too, can say of him, "He gave his best 

For Freedom's holy cause," and first 

To give, as freely, nobly as the rest. 

(The foregoing verses were written to the mem- 
ory of Seward Fred Feller, one of the Martin coun- 
ty soldiers whose fate it was to die in the training 
camps of the United States.) 



HEADQUARTERS 30TH DIVISION 

Gen. Orders No. 5 

John P. Schroedel 12159955. Co. B. 119 
Infantry. 

In the attack on the Hindenburg line near 
Bellicourt 29th of September, 1918, where his 
company was somewhat disorganized, due to 
the smoke and fog and scattered in shell 
holes. To collect the various units it was 
necessary to find a trench large enough to 
contain them. He having located same, he 
then volunteered to take all men he could 
find to this trench. In so doing it was nec- 
essary for him to pass many times through 
heavy machine gun fire and artillery bom- 
bardment. While the men were in this 
trench several machine guns were firing upon 
them and Private Schroedel alone went out 
and took two machine gun positions, silenc- 
ing them and returning with five prisoners. 
His conduct was conspicuous for its gallantry 
and utter disregard of personal danger. 

By Command of Major Gen. Lewis. 

Private Scliroedel's exploit is further narrated in 
an article which was publislied at the time of tlie 
award in the Sherburn Advance Standard, as follows: 

"The conduct which merited this recognition is 
one of the finest pieces of heroism that has come to 
our attention for some time. 'Conspicuous for its 
gallantry' hardly does justice to such conduct. John 
performed a deed on tlie battle field of such valor 
as to command the higliest praise from every true 
patriot. The citation as reproduced above tells the 
whoTe story. It's a big story in a few words. 

"On this occasion John was not satisfied with hav- 
ing already that day gone over with his own men 
but went out to find an officer to take command of a 
squad of eighty to make another attack. He didn't 
find anyone, but just then the Australians came along 
and with them he again went over the top in order 
to get into the scrimmage. He was with the British 
for two days before rejoining his own company. 

"Oct. 18 the company was compelled to retreat 
under heavy shell fire. All but twenty-five of the 
men were either killed or disabled on this occasion. 
It was while volunteering to go out and get a 
wounded lieutenapt in the front of the lines that he 
was wounded. A German sniper caught him with a 
rifle bullet, the missile going clean through his right 
lung, breaking three ribs. 

"Despite his wound, he had the nerve to crawl 
back to the trench and from there walked to the first 
aid station, a distance of a mile. He was just about 
all in when he got there, he says. From there he was 
taken to the base hospital at Rouen, thence to a hos- 
pital at Paignton, England, where he remained un- 
til hel left for the States on Dec. 18. For a time he 
was in base hospital No. 3, New York, being sent 
from there to the hospital at Ft. Snelling, where 
he received his honorable discharge." 



WINNING THE D. S. M. 

Few indeed are the soldiers to whom comes the 
Distinguished Service Medal, decoration given only 
for instances of the most conspicuous gallantry. Op- 
portunity for acts that bring this rare decoration 
come but rarely and in many instances the one who 
wins it loses his life in doing so as the surroundings 
are always those of the greatest danger. 

But one Martin county soldier wears the Distin- 
guished Service Medal. He is John P. Schroedel, of 
Fox Lake township, who served as a private. The 
citation awarding it is as follows: 



COMRADE TELLS OF SAXTON'S DEATH. 

(By Clarence E. Dickson, Glidden, Iowa.) 

Details of battle deaths among Martin County's 
soldiers are generally lacking but a comrade who was 
with him when killed tells how Private Tom Saxton 
of Sherburn met his death the third day of the 
Meuse-Argonne offensive. 

"Tom Saxton was killed by shell fire Sept. 29. 
1918. It was a Sunday morning, just about six 
o'clock. We had just started to go over the top, 
the orders being to leave our position at five-thirty. 
It was just getting light in the east. 



296 



"Tom was acting corporal of our squad. We had 
been in pretty tight places for a couple of days and 
a lot of the boys had been killed. This left us short 
of non-commissioned officers. Our corporal was 
one of those put out of action so Tom was put in 
charge over us. 

"Tom said to me: 'If anything happens to me 
get what stufT I have that is any good and keep it.' 
I said 'No, that this is the way to do: if you get hurt 
or killed T will send your things home to your folks 
and if it is me that gets bumped off you do the same 
thing with mine.' 

"I was just a little way from him when he was 
killed, r ran over to him but he was dead wlien I 
got there I took everything that was of any value 
from his body and when we reached our objective 
I gave them to an officer in charge of our company 
and took his receipt. I told him to send tlie things to 
Tom's mother. 

"Tom was a good soldier and he and I were close 
friends ever since I first met him which was en route 
from Camp Dodge. Iowa, to Camp Sevier, S, C, 
where we were together for about six weeks before 
being sent to Camp Merritt for embarkation. We 
sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia, and were on the 
water 18 days. 

"After five weeks' training in France we were 
attached to the British Army and went to Belgium, 
being the first American troops in that country. We 
went to the trenches at Ypres, Belgium, on July 
15th. After that we were continually in action and 
under shell fire for 32 continuous days. We went 
over the top in Belgium three times and Tom did 
not get a scratch but I was cut on the hand by 
barbed wire entanglements. We went over twice 
in another sector on the west front and were sent 
from there to the Somme where we again went over 
twice. From this sector we went to the Argonnes 
and were assaulting the Hindenburg line when Tom 
was killed. I helped carry him to the company Iiead- 
quarter.s but I do not know where he is buried. Tom 
was a good soldier all the way through." 

Glidden was wounded a few days after Saxton was 
killed and tlie ofticer to whom he turned over Sax- 
ton's personal effects was killed. The comrades who 
acted as a burial squad for Saxton were also all killed 
later in the Meuse-.Argonne offensive. 



WITH THE 37TH DIVISION. 

(By Pvt. 1st CI. William Russel Stum) 

"I was called to service from Fainnont, Minn.. 
April 29, 1918, and went to Camp Lee, Virginia, 
where we were under training until June 11, 1918, 
when the division was called for overseas service. 
We sailed on June 13 on the S. S. "Leviathan," for- 
merly the German ship "Vaterland," from Hoboken, 
N. J., and landed at Brest, France, June 22, debarking 
the following day. 

"After a rest of three days we again entrained and 
for three days rattled in box cars (40 Hommes, 8 
Chevaux) across beautiful fertile France, and de- 
trained June 29 in the Bourmont area. Here the 
infantrj' continued intensive training until the end 
of Jul}' when we were ordered to the Baccarat sec- 
tor in the Vosges mountains. On August 4th we 
took over the trenches in that sector, the extending 
fifteen kilometers from the forest Dex Eliux, north 
of the village of Badonvilliers, through the Bois 
Communal, De la Woevre, Bois des Haies, and the 
villages of Alerviller and Ancerviller, along the edge 
of the Bois Banal to the southern edge of the Bois 
des Prentress. 

"During the six weeks' period that we held that 
sector eacli night, when the weather permitted there 
would be enemy air raids which were very heavy. 
From our side the score was more than evened by 
successfully carrying out a large gas projector at- 
tack and by bombing his dumps at Circy and Bla- 



mont and every night we tackled the enemy in No 
Man's Land, We would penetrate the enemy lines 
for more than a kilometer, taking prisoners and ob- 
taining information without much loss to ourselves. 
"Sept. 16 movement was made by rail to the area 
around the little town of Robert Espagne, after a 
rest of four days another move, this time by bus, 
landing us at Recicourt. In fact we were on the 
great battlefield of Verdun, where thousands of 
brave soldiers had fallen earlier in the war, and 
which was soon to be again famous as the chosen 
field for the great .\merican drive along the Meuse 
river. We were indeed honored by being one of the 
divisions of the American Fifth Corps, selected to 
start the Meuse-.\rgonne offensive, which pushed 
on along the left bank of the Meuse to the battle 
famed city of Sedan. The 37th was one of the divi- 
sions that gave the initial impetus to the great of- 
fensive that contributed so greatly toward the final 
victory. 

"During the cold and rainy night of Sept. 24 and 
25 the division relieved the 79th along a front of 
slightly over three kilometers. The ruins of the 
city of Avocourt were in the center of this front 
and just within our lines. 

"At 11 o'clock on the night of Sept. 25th the artil- 
lery preparation commenced. Each hour added to 
its intensity until guns of all calibres were contribut- 
ing their part to the mightiest artillery action of the 
war. This preparation reached its jnaximum at 5:30 
A. ^I. of Sept. 20 when it rolled on over the enemy 
trenches and strong points in a barrage which en- 
abled infantrymen, following closely and quickly, to 
overcome all resistance left by the enemy. 

"The sun rose bright and clear Sept. 26, and for 
that day only. During that night showers which 
continued for the next five days added to the burden 
and the trail soon became knee deep with mud. We 
captured Ivory and a little later Montfaucon, which 
had been entered by patrols the night before. 
Forty-eight prisoners were taken by the 37th. Mont- 
faucon was and had been for four long years a Ger- 
man stronghold. From a tower there the Crown 
Prince had directed the monster attack on Verdun 
and now on the second day of the great oflfensive it 
had fallen and with it fell the Hindenburg line. 

"We were relieved October 1, after having fought 
and advanced for four days against all weapons 
and instruments of warfare at the coinmand of the 
enemy. Still under fire the remanent companies 
started for the rear, hungry, tired, sleepy and wet. 
Many of us had seen our comrades and officers fall, 
some severely wounded, some to pay the price su- 
preme. The 37th captured 13 ofiicers and 1107 men, 
among them what was called the foremost of the 
German divisions, the 37th German division, their 
117th Division and the 1st and 5th Guard Divisions, 
the latter two the elite of the Prussian Guard. In- 
cluded in the spoils taken were 12 7;7's 1 105, 10 155's, 
aircraft guns, ammunition of all kinds, 250 machine 
guns and other war material. 

"From this position we were sent to the old St. 
Mihiel sector where the division lines extended from 
Bois de Jaulny de Iluilbot. along the northern edge 
of the Bois de la Montagne and Bois de Chary to the 
southern edge of Etabg de la Chaussee, Across 
the way the villages of Rembercourt-sur-Mad, 
Charcy, Domniartin, Dampnitoux and LaChaussee 
formed tlie front of the enemy lines. The village 
of Haumont was in no man's land. 

"Eight days in this position passed with a rush and 
on the ninth the infantry was withdrawn and retraced 
its steps to Pagrny-sur-Meuse. Then on October 
18 French box cars, each crowded with 40 men, slip- 
ped away and rattled north through ari air of whis- 
pered secrecy and surmise. Little by little as towns 
and villages rose out of obscurity the mystery cleared 
and after three days the trains came to a stop at St. 
Jean and Wieltje. Belgium. 

"The ruins of Ypres were within easy view and 
stood as a monument proclaiming from each shat- 



297 



tered wall the bravery of the British troops who had 
so nobly fought and held there. Hesitatingly the 
men crawled out and gazed in awe upon the desola- 
tion that spread as far as our e3'es could see over a 
flat waste of shell-torn fields, forests and roads. 
Sign boards alone marked the sites where villages 
had stood. So heavy and so frequent had been the 
shelling that even the shattered stones and brick 
that once formed habited houses had been beaten 
into dust. 

"Through such scenes we marched until we reached 
Meulebeke and Denterghem on Oct. 22. The di- 
vision was attached to the French army in Belgium 
and placed at the disposition of the King of Belgium, 
which we considered a high honor. During the night 
of Oct. 29-30 we took over three kilometers of the 
front lines extending along the Courtrai-Ghent rail- 
road just across the Lys river with Olsene approx- 
imately in front of the center. 

"At 5:30 A. M. Oct. 31, 191S, we went over the top 
again and once more a hard battle, the fifth in which 
our division had been engaged, was fought. We 
crossed the Escaut river for the second time on 
November 9th. This time the operation was to take 
place about 15 kilometers south of Ghent between 
the little villages of Kleinmeersch and Heuvel. We 
had to swim the river and cold and wet we were. 
Rumors of Germany's acceptance of the armistice 
terms began to abound. All activities were speeded 
up and every plan made to keep the Boche running. 
The entire night was spent in feverish activity in 
obtaining a foothold across the river. The morning 
of Nov. "llth, with armistice rumors thick in the air, 
found the eastern bank securely held by American 
soldiers. The armistice was signed and provided 
that all hostilities cease at 11 o'clock that day. The 



light was pushed up to the last second and so fast 
did we push forward that at 11 o'clock when the ad- 
vance was ordered stopped, the 37th Division was 
liolding the line as far east as the little villages of 
Dickele, Zwartenbroek, Keerhem and Undelgem. 

"Well, the war was over, and on the afternoon of 
.\ov. 11, the very stillness, so recently rent by the 
shriek of artillerj' shells and the whistle of machine 
gun bullets, was oppressing, a strange and curious 
thing. But from some secret nook the American base 
ball had rolled out and was being tossed about where 
three hours before no living thing could be exposed. 

"Yes, the war is over and many hundreds of my 
comrades have I seen pay the price supreme. On 
foot we traced our way back to France from our most 
advanced position which was 21 miles from Brussels. 
We were homeward bound and proud of the part 
we had in the war and satisfied at having done it 
well." 



The medical profession of the county showed its 
loyalty splendidly during the war. Dr. W. J. Roch- 
ardson of Fairmont, beyond the age that would per- 
mit his entering service, worked throughout the 
war as a member of the Draft Board. N. Phillip 
.-\nderson of Dunnell, O. E. Fitz and A. F. Hunte 
of Truman, G. W. Dewey, G. H. Luedthe and R. 
C. Lowe of Fairmont, all practicing physicians, 
abandoned their practices, and served as medical 
nthcers. W. W. Wooley and R. H. Zierke, Fair- 
mont dentists, entered that branch of the service. 
J. N. Campbell of Truman and G. W. Utter of 
Ceylon left the practice of veterinarians to serve as 
such in the army. W. J. Siemens, oculist, of Fair- 
mont, also served in a military hospital. 



298 



APPENDIX 



World War Facts and F'igures 



DETAILS OF MAN POWER. 

The number of men serving in the armed forces ol 
the Nation during the war was 4,800,000, of whom 
4,000,000 served in the Army. 

In the War with Germany the United States raised 
twice as many men as did the Northern States in the 
Civil War, but only half as many in proportion to 
the population. 

The British sent more men to France in their first 
year of war than we did in our first year, but it took 
England three years to reach a strength of 2,000.000 
men in France, and the United States accomplished 
it in one-half of that time. 

Of every 100 men who served. ID were National 
Guardsmen, 13 were Regulars, and 77 were in the 
National Army (or would have been if the services 
had not been consolidated). 

Of the 54,000,000 males in the population, 26,000,- 



000 were registered in the draft or were already in 
service. 

In the physical examination the States of the Mid- 
dle West made the best showing. Country boys 
did better than city boys; whites better than colored; 
and native born better than foreign born. 

In this war twice as many men were recruited as 
in the Civil War and at one-twentieth of the re- 
cruiting cost. 

There were 200,000 .\rmy officers. Of every six 
officers, one had previous military training with 
troops, three were graduates of officers' training 
camps, and two came directly from civil life. 48 per 
cent of officers came from officers training camps 
21 per cent were medical officers, 13 per cent were 
commissioned direct from civil life, 8 per cent from 
the ranks, 6 per cent from the National Guard, 3 per 
cent from the Regular .\rmy and 1 per cent chaplains 



3/LLtOf^6 orOOUAfiS SP£A/r 




m 



^/ 



/ 



JT / 



f 



/ 






ror/fi £XP£/vo/riiR£S f /ae.ooo^ooo.ooo 

BILLIO.XS OF DOLLARS SPENT BY E.\CH NATION FOR 
EXPENSES TO THE SPRING OF 1919. 



DIRECT WAR 



299 



CAMPS AND DIVISIONS. 

Division. Camp. States from wliich drawn. 

Regulars: 

1st France Regulars. 

2nd France Regulars. 

3i.(j Greene, N. C Regulars. 

4tJi Greene, N. C Regulars. 

5th Logan, Tex Regulars. 

gth McClellan, Ala Regulars. 

7th MacArthur, Tex Regulars. 

8th Fremont, Calif Regulars. 

8th Sheridan, Ala Regulars. 

10th .Funston, Kans Regulars. 

11th Meade, Md Regulars. 

12th Devens, Mass Regulars. 

13th Lewis, Wash Regulars. 

14th Custer, Mich Regulars. 

15th Logan, Tex Regulars. 

16th Kearney, Calif Regulars. 

17th Beauregard, La Regulars. 

18th Travis, Tex Regulars. 

19th Dodge. Iowa Regulars. 

20th Sevier, S. C Regulars. 

National Guard: 

36th Devens, Mass Xew England. 

27th Wadsworth, S. C New York. 

28th Hancock, Ga Pennsylvania. 

29th McClellan, Ala New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Maryland. District 

of Columbia. 
30th Sevier, S. C Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, District 

of Columbia. 

31st Wheeler, Ga Georgia, Alabama, Florida. 

32nd MacArthur, Tex Michigan, Wisconsin. 

33rd Logan, Tex Illinois. 

34th Cody, N. M Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota. Minnesota. 

35th Doniphan, Okla Missouri, Kansas. 

36th Bowie, Tex Texas, Oklahoma. 

37th Sheridan, Ohio Ohio. 

38th Shelby, Miss Indiana. Kentucky, West Virginia. 

39th Beauregard, La Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana. 

40th Kearney, Calif California, Colorado. Utah, Arizona, New Mexico. 

41st Fremont, Calif Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming. 

42nd Mills, N. Y Various States. 

National Army: 

76th Devens, Mass New England, New York. 

77th Upton, N. Y New York City. 

78th Dix, N. J Western New York, New Jersey, Delaware. 

79th Meade, Md Northeastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of 

Columbia. 

80th Lee, Va Virginia, West Virginia, Western Pennsylvania. 

81st Jackson, S. C North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Porto Rico. 

82nd Gordon, Ga Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee. 

83rd Sherman, Ohio Ohio, Western Pennsylvania. 

84th Zachary Taylor, Ky Kentucky, Indiana, Southern Illinois. 

85th Custer, Mich Michigan, Eastern Wisconsin. 

86th Grant, III Chicago, Northern Illinois. 

87th Pike, Ark Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Southern Alabama. 

88th Dodge, Iowa North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Western Illinois. 

89th Funston, Kans Kansas, Missouri, South Dakota. Nebraska. 

90th Travis, Tex Texas, Oklahoma. 

91st Lewis, Wash Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, 

Nebraska, Montana. Wyoming, Utah. 

93nd Funston, Kans Colored, various States. 

93rd Stuart. Va Colored, various States. 

300 




I AMCRICAII I 

EXPEDITIOMARY 

I rORCCS I 



200 290 3)0 500 iH i,il ^.^ 1 

APR IMY JUn Jul AU6 StJ'T OCT tlOV OCC JAM FCB MAa APR rWV JUH JIA AUG >trt OCI MOV OtC JAM FtB fWH APO HAV 



1917 



1316 13W 

l)ia;;i-;iiii -. — Tliuiisa ii<r<« t>»" ?»olili<'i-s in tin' A niri-it'a n \i'iii> on llir iir.it of 

<':i<'li moil ', U . 




PER CENT OF MEN PASSING PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR ARMY 

SERVICE, BY STATES. 



301 



The divisions are in three groups. The Regular 
Army divisions, numbered from 1 to 20, were orig- 
inally made up from Regular Army units plus volun- 
tary enlistments and selective-service men. The 
National Guard divisions, numbered from 26 to 42. 
came in largely from the militia of the several 
States. The National Army divisions, numbered 
from 76 to 93, were made up almost wholly of men 
called in by the selective-service law. As an aid to 
memory it may be helpful to note that the Regular 
Army divisions were numbered below 35, the Na- 
tional Guard divisions from 25 to 50, and the National 
Army divisions betwen 50 and 100. Four additional 
National Army divisions were in process of organ- 
ization when the armistice was signed. 



TRAINING THE TROOPS. 

The average American soldier who fought in 
France had six months of training here, two months 
overseas before entering the line, and one month 
in a quiet sector before going into battle. 

Most soldiers received their training in infantry 
divisions which are our typical combat units and 
consist of about 1,000 officers and 37,000 men. 

Forty-two divisions were sent to France. 

More than two-thirds of our line officers were 
graduates of the officers' training camps. 

France and England sent to the United States 
nearly 800 specially skilled officers and noncommis- 
sioned officers who rendered most important aid as 
instructors in our training camps. 



1917 



1918 



DlTi- 

aion Ijui Augjsep |Oct | K ov|Dec Jan Foti|Harj Aprjtiay [Jnn 




Jul |A-ug |Sep |Oct |N0T |Dec 



1917 



Jan I Fet | Har | Apr [May |jun \lvl JAxtg |sep | 



1918 



I I Orgaaization to arrival in Franoe 
V:i, ' ' \ Arrival in Franoe to entering lino 
[ J Entering line ts active tattle eervlee 
B^lj Service as active combat dlvlalon 

TIME FROM ORGANIZATION OF Dn'ISIO.^S TO ENTERING LINE. 



302 



ICew york 

Psrmsylvenia 

lillnols 

Ohio 

Taxis 

Michigan 

ilassachusatts 

Missouri 

California 

Indiana 

3"e.v Jersey 

Minnesota 

lov/a 

Vi'isconsln 

Georgia 

Oklanoma 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Alabama 

Virginia 

M. Carolina 

Louisiana 

Kansas 

Arkansas 

W. Virginia 

Mississippi 

S. Carolina 

Connecticut 

liebraska 
ilaryland 
Washington 

j;ontana 
Colorado 
Florida 
Oregon 
S. Dakota 
N. Dakota 
Maine 
Idaho 
Utah 

Rhode Island 
Porto fiico 
Diet, of Col. 
K. Hampshire 
New ilexico 
Wyoming 
Arizona 
VeriDont 
Delaware 
Hawaii 
Hevada 
Alaska 
A.E.f. 

Rot allocated 
Philippines 
Total 



Hen 

367,864 

297,891 

251,074 

200,293 

151,065 

135,485 

132,610 

128,544 

112,514 

106,581 

105,207 

99,116 

93,781 

98,211 

85,506 

80,159 

75,825 

75,043 

74,678 

73,06J 

73,003 

65,986 

63,425 

61,027 

55,777 

54,295 

53,482 

50,-069 

47,805 

47,054 

45,1S4 

36,293 

34,393 

33,331 

30, U6 

29,686 

25,603 

24,252 

19,016 

17,361 

16,861 

16,536 

15,930 

14,374 

12.439 

11,393 

10,492 

9,338 

7 ,464 

5,644 

5,105 

2,10- 

1,499 

1,513 




I 5.33 



5.68 



255 I .01 



3,757,624 

NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SOLDIERS FURNISHED BY EACH STATE. 
Figures do not include Sailors and Marines in which all enlistments were volun- 
tary and not on a State Quota Basis. 




ARMY CAMPS AND CANTON.MENTS. 
303 



TRANSPORTING THE ARMIES. 

During our 19 montlis of war more than 2,000.000 
American soldiers were carried to France. Half a 
million of these went over in the iirst 13 months 
and a million and a half in the last 6 months. 

The highest troop-carrying records are those of 
July. 1918, when .306,000 soldiers were carried to 
Europe and ^lay, 1919, when 330,000 were brought 
home to -America. 

Most of the troops who sailed for France left from 
New York. Half of them landed in England and the 
other half landed in France. 

Among every 100 Americans who went over 49 
went in British ships, 45 in American ships, 3 in 
Italian, 2 in Frencli. and 1 in Russian shipping under 
English control. 

Our cargo ships averaged one complete trip every 
70 days and our troop sliips one complete trip every 
3,5 days. 

The cargo fleet almost exclusively American. 
It reached the size of 2,600,000 deadweight tons and 
carried to Europe about 7,500,000 tons of cargo. 

The greatest troop-carrier among all the ships 
has been the Leviathan, which landed 12,000 men, 
or the equivalent of a German division, in France 
every month. 



The fastest transports have been the Great North- 
ern and the Northern Pacific, which have made com- 
plete turnarounds, taken on new troops, and started 
back again in 19 days. 



FOOD, CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT. 

Tlie records of the Quartermaster show that dur- 
ing the si.x months of hard fighting, from June to 
November, the enlisted man in the A. E. F. re- 
ceived on the average: 

Slicker and overcoat, every 5 months. 

Blanket, flannel shirt, and breeches, everj' 2 
months. 

Coat, every 79 days. 

Shoes and puttees, every 51 days. 

Drawers and undershirt, every 34 days. 

Woolen socks, every 23 days. 

The problems of feeding and clothing the .\rmy 
were difficult because of the immense quantities in- 
volved rather than because of the diftnculty of manu- 
facturing the articles needed. 

Requirements for some kinds of clothing for the 
.\rmy were more than twice as great as the prewar 
tatal .American production of the same articles. 

6 













31 










34 


34 










86 


86 










84 


84 










87 


87 








40 


40 


40 








39 


39 


39 








88 


88 


88 








81 


81 


81 








7 


7 


7 








85 


86 


86 






36 


36 


S6 


86 






91 


91 


91 


91 






79 


79 


79 


79 






76 


76 


76 


76 




29 


29 


29 


29 


29 




37 


37 


37 


37 


37 




90 


90 


90 


90 


90 




92 


92 


92 


92 


92 




89 


89 


89 


89 


89 




83 


83 


83 


83 


83 




78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


80 


80 


80 


80 


60 


80 


SO 


30 


30 


SO 


SO 


SO 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


3S 


6 


6 


6 


6 


6 


6 


27 


27 


27 


27 


27 


27 


4 


4 


4 


4 


4 


4 


28 


28 


28 


28 


28 


28 


35 


35 


35 


35 


35 


35 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


77 77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


3. 3 3 


3 


3 


S 


3 


8 


5 5 5 


5 


5 


6 


5 


5 



32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 

41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 

42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 

222222222222222 

11111111111111111 

Jim Jnl A.xig 3«p Oct TSor Deo | Jan Fsl> liar Apr Hay Jun Jul Aug S«p Got 
1917 1918 

XU-MERIC.AL DESIGNATIONS OF .\XIERIC.\N DIVISIONS IN FR.\XCE 
EACH JIOXTH. 



:;04 




CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF THE ARMY IN THE UNITED STATES. 
Each dot represents a military station, c mi]), supply depot, training or war produc- 
tion project. 




CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF ViL A.EJ. 



To secure the articles needed for the Army the 
Government had to commandeer all the wool and 
some other staple articles in the United States and 
control production through all its stages. 

The distribution of supplies in the expeditionary 
forces required the creation of an organization called 
the Services of Supply, to which one-fourth of all 
the troops who went overseas were assigned. 

American Engineers built in France 83 new ship 
berths, 1,000 miles of standard-guage track, and -i.^S 
miles of narrow-gauge track. 

The Signal Corps strung in France 100. OOi) miles 
of telephone and telegraph wire. 

Prior to the armistice 40,000 trucks were shipped 
to the forces in France. 

Construction projects in the United States cost 
twice as much as the Panama Canal, and construc- 
tion overseas was nn nearly as large a scale. 

The .'Kmi}- in I'Vance always had enough food and 
clothing. 



RIFLES AND AMMUNITION. 

When war was declared the .\rmy had on hand 
nearly 000,000 Springfield rifles. Their manufacture 
was continued, and the American Enfield designed 
and put into production. 

The total production of Springfield and Enfield 
rifles up to the signing of the armistice was over 
:;,.-)00.000. 

The use of machine guns on a lar.ge scale is a 
development of the European war. In the Ameri- 
can .'\rmy the allowance in 1913 was four machine 
guns per regiment. In 1919 the new Army plans 
provide for an equipment of 336 guns per regiment, 
or eighty-four times as many. 

The entire number of American machine guns 
produced to the end of 1918 was 227,000, 

During the war the Browning automatic rille and 
the Browning machine gun were developed, put into 
quantity production, and used in large numbers in 
tlie lin.il battles in France. 



FIRST AMD SECOMO PHASES 

LAST PHASE OF ACfVANCC 




vCRDUn 



THE B.\TTLE OF THE MEUSE-ARGONNE. 



Days of battle 47 

American troops engaged 1,200,000 

Guns employed in attack 2,417 

Rounds of artillery ammunition fired 4,214,000 

Airplanes used 840 

Tons of explosives dropped by planes 100 

Tanks used 324 

Miles of penetration of enemy line 34 



Square kilometers of territory taken. 

X'illages and towns liberated 

Prisoners captured 

Artillery pieces captured 

Machine guns captured 

Trench mortars captured 

American casualties 



i.SSo 

150 

16,059 

468 

2,864 

177 

120,000 



306 







■■^'\ 






■' — .-■ <. 



Lirtc Of ■tm-'^ ' 



CHAMPAsnE-rwant 



THF 



FI\'E r.UEAT GKKMAN OFFENSIVES OF 1918 SHOWING THE AMERICAN 
UNITS ENGAGED IN EACH. 




•;d offe.\si\"es of 191s and the American troops participat- 
ing THEREIN. 



307 



The Browning machine guns are believed to be 
more effective than the corresponding weapons used 
in any other army. 

American production of rifle ammunition amounted 
to approximately 3.500,000.000. of which 1,500- 
000,000 were shipped overseas. 



PREPARING FOR THE CAMPAIGN OF 1919. 

It is appropriate to comment on the fact that there 
are many articles of munitions in which American 
production reached great amounts by the fall of 
1918 but which were not used in large quantities at 
the front because the armistice was signed before 
big supplies of them reached France. In the main, 
these munitions are articles of ordnance and aviation 
equipment, involving such technical difficulties of 
manufacture that their production could not be im- 
provised or even greatly abbreviated in time. 

As the production figures are scrutinized in retro- 
spect, and it is realized that many millions of dollars 
were spent on army equipment that was never used at 
the front, it seems fair to question whether prudent 
foresight could not have avoided some of this ex- 
pense. 

Perhaps the best answer to the question is to be 
found in the record of a conference that took place 
in the little French town of Trois Fontaines on Oc- 
tober 4, 1918, between Marshal Foch and the Ameri- 
can Secretary of War. 



In that conference the allied commander in chief 
made final arrangements with the American Secre- 
tary as to the shipment of American troops and 
munitions in great numbers during the fall and 
winter preparatory for the campaign of 1919. 

This was one day before the first German peace 
note and 38 days before the end of the war, but Mar- 
shal Foch was then calling upon America to make 
her great shipments of munitions and her supreme 
contribution of man power for the campaign of the 
following year. 



TWO THOUSAND GUNS ON THE FIRING 
LINE. 

When war was declared the United States had 
sufficient light artillery to equip an army of 500,000 
men, and shortly found itself confronted with the 
problem of preparing to equip 5,000,000 men. 

To meet the situation it was decided in June, 1917, 
to allot our guns to training purposes and to equip 
our forces in France with artillery conforming to 
the French and British standard calibers. 

It was arranged that we should purchase from the 
French and British the artillery needed for our first 
divisions and ship them in return equivalent amounts 
of steel, copper, and other raw materials, so that 
they could either manufacture guns for us in their 
own factories or give us guns out of their stocks and 
replace them by new ones made from our materials. 



Officers LWWWV^*^ 
Inrantry 4 Itech.Gm ^^ ""^^^^^^^^ 



3 56 



46 



Air Serrlea 
T»ak Corps 
Cn^neer Corps 
iirtlllerr 



Officers E^ 
lien I 1 



Officers kV-.VV.'^r^ 16 
lien ^^B 7 



Officers KVW1 10 
Uen W^M 6 



Officers r^^^^ ^i 8 
Uen i^B 6 



Csralry 

Signal Corps 



Officers r*^^ 5 



Officers ^3 4 
lledloal Department ^^^^ ^b 5 



Ord2ianoe 



Officers E 2 
Uen ■ 3 



Qaartermaster 



Officers Bl 
Uen |1 



BATTLE DEATHS AMONG EACH THOUSAND OFFICERS AND MEN WHO 
REACHED FRANCE. 



BATTLE DEATHS BY SERVICES. 
The chances of death are much heavier in the Infantry than 
in any other branch of the service. The diagram compares the 
various services in respect to the chances of death in each. 
The bars show how many battle deaths there were among each 
1. 000 men in the various services who reached France. Of each 



1. 000 enlisted men in the Infantry 46 were killed in action or 
died of wounds. The officers show a higher rate. The most 
striking difference between the death rates of officers and men 
appears in the .\ir Service. Here the casualties among officers 
are much higher than among men because in our service all 
aviators are officers. 



308 



Divi- 
sion 


4al*t 


IStlTO 


QBlOt AOtl 


▼e 


iBt 

26th 
42nd 

2Qd 


127 

148 

126 

71 

47 

71 

70 

92 

60 



es 

69 

31 

42 

60 

32 





61 

28 

7 

40 

17 

31 

31 

IS 

28 



1 


93 
45 
39 
66 
66 
32 
27 

5 
35 
86 
28 
23 
49 
26 
11 
£7 
67 
£6 

2 
17 
38 


21 

2 


14 


23 
17 


1 220 

1 . A» 




7701 


^^^^^ 




5th 






eznd 






SStb 
92nd 






3rd 


1 IS6 




69 th 
29th 


i^ 1 83 

^^■1^ 1 82 




28 th 


■■■■ 1 80 




90th 
97th 
33Td 


■■■■i 68 
^^^^^EZl61 




27th 


1 1 B7 




90th 


1 1 66 




92b1 
79th 


§^^■■■1 63 




4th 
6th 
78th 
7th 
81lt 
91it 
e8th 


■ 1 tr. 




^■^^40 

■■ 1 38 
■^^ 33 
^^^ 31 
^ 1 29 

^^a 28 






1 1 23 




80 th 


1 1 16 




Total 


1,329 


906 





DAYS SPENT CV hALU l>I\lSIO.\ IX OUIET AND ACTIVE SECTORS. 



DlTl- 

■loo 

77th 
2nd 

lat 
89th 


Ello- 

metari 

60 

55 

51 

48 

41 

38 

37 

36 

36 

34 

30 

29* 

29 

^ 

21 

21 

19* 
17 

12* 

11 

10 

8 

7 

5* 

1 










= 






■■■■^B 6.13 


3rd 
80th 
26th 
22Dd 
33rd 
9lSt 
37th 
30th 






B 






§■■■1 b.24 
^i^ 4.86 
^^M 4.73 
■■ 4.60 
^m 4.60 
^ 4.SS 
1 3.83 
3.77 


5th 






^^^1 






3.71 


90th 






■^^H 






3.64 


4th 






^^^H 




3. 
68 
68 
19 


13 


78th 






^^Bl 


2 

2 

2.4 

17 




36th 






^Hm 




79th 






^^^1 




82nd 






■■ 2 




35th 






1 1.60 

1.41 
1.28 
02 




27th 








28th 
92iid 
29fh 
81st 
7tll 
6th 

eeth 


1 .13' 


■ 
1. 
.8S 
70 




Total 


782^ 





Ifer 

e«iit 

9.14 



7.67 



KILOMETERS ADN'ANCED AGAINST THE ENEMY BY EACH DIVJSION. 



MK) 



Up to the end of April, 1910, the number of com- 
plete artillery units produced in American plants 
was more than 3,000, or equal to all those purchased 
from the French and British during the war. 

The number of rounds of complete artillery am- 
munition produced in American plants was in excess 
of 20,000,000, as compared with 9,000,000 rounds 
secured from the French and British. 

In the first 20 months after the declaration of war 
by each country the British did better than we did 
in the production of light artillery, and we excelled 
them in producing heavj- artillery and both light and 
heavy ammunition. 

So far as the Allies were concerned, the European 
war was in large measure fought with American 
powder and high explosives. 

At the end of the war .American production of 
smokeless powder was 45 per cent greater than the 
French and British production combined. 

At the end of the war the American production 
of higli explosives was 40 per cent greater than 
Great Britian's and nearly double that of France. 

During the war America produced 10,000 tons of 



gas, much of which was sold to the French and 
British. 

Out of every hundred days that our combat divi- 
sions were in line in France they were supported 
by their own artillery for ?5 days, by British artillery 
for 5 days, and by French for iVz days. Of the re- 
maining 18% days that they were in line without 
artillery, 18 daj's were in quiet sectors, and only one- 
half of 1 day in each hundred was in active sectors. 

In round numbers, we had in France 3,500 pieces 
of artillery, of which nearly 500 were made in Amer- 
ica, and we used on the firing line 2,250 pieces, of 
which over 100 were made in America. 



AIRPLANES, MOTORS AND BALLOONS. 

On the declaration of war the United States had 
55 training airplanes, of which 51 were classified as 
obsolete and the other 4 as obsolescent. 

When we entered the war the Allies made the 
designs of their planes available to us and before the 



DISEASE 



DISEASE 



BATTLE 



I BATTLE 



llezlcan War 
1846-46 



BATTLE 



33 



Civil War 
{North) 
1661-65 



DISEASE 



BATTLE 

cn 

Spanish War 
1696 



DISEASE 

I 



53 



PEESKHT %AB 

to H07 11 

1918 



DISEASE AND BATTLE DEATHS. 



The total number of lives lost in both Army and Navy from 
the declaration of war to May i, 1919. is 122,500. Deaths in 
the Army, including Marines attached to it. were 1 12,432. 
About two-thirds of these deaths occurred over seas. There 
were 768. lost at sea, of which 381 are included under battle 
deaths, since their loss was the direct result of submarine 
activity. Almost exactly half the losses were from disease. 
If the comparison between disease and battle losses is limited 
to the expeditionary forces, battle losses appear more than twice 
as large as deaths from disease. 

This is the first war in which the United States has been 
engaged that showed a lower death rate from disease than from 
battle. In previous wars insanitary conditions at camps and 
the ravages of epidemic diseases have resulted in disease deaths 
far in excess of the number killed on the battle field. The facts 



are shown on the diagram. In order to make a fair comparison 
the figures used are the numbers of death each year among 
each 1,000 troops. Since the time of the Mexican War a steady 
improvement has been made in the health of troops in war 
operations. The death rate from disease in the Mexican War 
was 110 per year in each 1,000 men; in the Civil War this was 
reduced to 65 ; and in the Spanish War to 26 ; while the rate 
in the expeditionary forces in this war was ig. The battle rate 
of 53 for tlie overseas forces is higher than in any previous 
war. It is higher than in the Civil War because all of the 
figluing was concentrated in one year, while in the Civil War 
it stretched over four years. The rates in this war for the total 
forces under arms both in the United States and France from 
the beginning of the war to May 1, 1919, were 13 for battle 
and 1 5 for disease. 



:no 



leoo 



i, 



i 

/, 



■ 


BOO 


1 


! 


^9 


;// 


^9 


:5-- 


Kl 


:i5: 


B5b 


"^' 


Isv 


-01/ 


■i^ 


/'<:- 


H 


1 


1 


i 







.f 



/ 



At' 



on" 



# ..^ .^^\^ 









FIGURES SHOW THOUSANDS OF MEN KILLED IN ACTION AND DIED OF 

WOUNDS. 



tao 



BATIOHAL WEALTH, FBE-VIB DBBT, AKD FOST-WAB SEBI 

I 1 ^zzzzzzzzzzzzzm 

In Billions of Dollara 



16 

n 



11 



2.9 I 



Italy 



78 



67 



6.6 
M 



27 



I 



1.2 



39 



I 



85 



34 
3.5 H 



24 



_li:J 



Franoe 



G«imasy 



Doited YS.-o^tm United 3tat*;$ 



ESTIMATED PRE-WAR NATIONAL WEALTH, PRE-WAR NATIONAL DEBTS, 
AND POST-WAR NATIONAL DEBTS OF FIVE NATIONS IN BILLIONS OF 

DOLL.VRS. 



end of hostilities furnished us from their own man- 
ufacture 3,800 service planes. 

Aviation training schools in the United States 
graduated 8,603 men from elementary courses and 
4,028 from advanced courses. More than 5,000 pilots 
and observers were sent overseas. 

The total personnel of the Air Service, officers, 
students, and enlisted men, increased from 1,200 at 
the outbreak of the war to nearly 200,000 at its close. 

There were produced in the United States to No- 
vember 30, 1918, more than 8,000 trainin.s: planes 
and more than 16,000 training engines. 

The De Haviland-4 observation and day bombing 
plane was the onlj' plane the United States put into 
quantity production. Before the signing of the ar- 
mistice 3,227 had been completed and 1,885 shipped 
overseas. The plane was successfully used at the 
front for three months. 

The production of the 12-cylinder Liberty engine 
was America's chief contribution to aviation. Before 
the armistice 13,574 had been completed, 4,435 ship- 
ped to the expeditionary forces, and 1,025 delivered 
to the Allies. 

The first flyers in action wearing the American 
uniform were members of the Lafayette Escadrille. 
who were transferred to the American service in 
December, 1917. 

The American air force at the front grew from 
3 squadrons in April to 45 in November, 1918. On 



November 11 the 45 squadrons had an equipment of 
740 planes. 

Of 2,698 planes sent to the zone of the advance 
for i^merican aviators 667, or nearly one-fourth, 
were of American manufacture. 

American air squadrons played important roles 
in the battles of Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, and 
the Meuse-Argonne. They brought down in combat 
755 enemy planes, while their own losses of planes 
numbered only 357. Americans brought down 71 
German balloons and lost 43. 



BATTLE FACTS AND FIGURES. 

Two out of every three -American soldiers who 
reached France took part in battle. The number 
who reached France was 3,084,000, and of these 
1.390,000 saw active service at the front. 

Of the 43 divisions that reached France 29 took 
part in active combat service. Seven of them were 
Regular Army divisions, 11 were organized from the 
National Guard, and 11 were made up of National 
Army troops. 

American divisions were in battle for 200 days and 
engaged in 13 major operations. 

From the middle of August until the end of the 
war the American divisions held during the greater 
part of the time a front longer than that held by 
the British. 



MtUSt-ARGOHME 



CHATEAU-THIERRY 



CANTISMY 




AMERIC.\X T1.\TTI.E DEATHS EACH MONTH OF 191S. 
312 



In October the American divisions held 101 miles 
of line, or 23 per cent of the entire western front. 

On the 1st of April the Germans had a superiority 
of 324,000 in rifle strength. Due to American ar- 
rivals the allied strength exceeded that of the Ger- 
mans in June and was more than 600,000 above it 
in November. 

In the battle of St. Mihiel 550,000 Americans were 
engaged, as compared with about 100,000 on the 
Northern side in the battle of Gettysburg. The 
artillery fired more than 1.000,000 shells in four 
hours, which is the most intense concentration of 
artillery fire recorded in history. 

The Meuse-Argonne battle lasted for 47 days dur- 
ing which 1,200,000 American troops were engaged. 

The American battle losses of the war were 50,000 
killed and 236.000 wounded. They are heavy when 
counted in terms of lives and suffering, but light 
compared with the enormous price paid by the na- 
tions at whose sides we fought. 




WHERE THE ARMY DOLLAR WENT. 
ARMY EXPENDITURES. 

The table herewith shows the amount expended by each im- 
portant Army bureau. The Quartermaster Corps, which paid 
the soldiers and furnished them with food, clothing, equipment, 
and miscellaneous supplies, spent the most. The Ordnance De- 
partment was next in order, with over $4,000,000,000 for mu- 
nitions, more than half of its expenditure being for artillery 
ammunition. 

EXPENDITURES liV AKMY BUREAUS. 

Expended to 

Apr. 30, 1919. Percent. 

Quartermaster Corps: 

Pay of the Army, etc $1,831,273,000 12.9 

Other Quartermaster Corps ap- 
propriations 6,^4-!, 745, utid 43 -S 

Ordnance Department 4.087,347,000 28.7 

Air Service 859,291,000 6.0 

Engineer Corps 638,974,000 4.5 

Medical Department 314,544,000 2.2 

Signal Corps 128,920,000 .9 

Chemical Warfare Service 83,299,000 .6 

Provost Marshal General * 24,30 1 .000 . 1 7 

Secretary's office and miscellaneous. . *33,367,ooo .23 

Total 14,244,061,000 100.00 

* Figures are for Dec. 31, 19 18. Expenditures since that 
date for these purposes have been small compared with other 
items in table. 



BATTLE CASUALTIES AND DISEASE. 

Of every 100 American soldiers and sailors, who 
served in the war with Germany, two were killed or 
died of disease during the period of hostTlties. 

The total battle deaths of all nations in this war 
were greater than all the deaths in all the wars in the 
previous 100 years. 

Russian battle deaths were 34 times as heavy as 
those of the United States, those of Germany 33 
times as great, the French 38 times, and the British 
18 times as large. 

The number of .American lives lost was 133, .500, 
of which about 10,000 were in the Navy, and the 
rest in the Army and the Marines attached to it. 

In the American Army the casualty rate in the 
Infantry was higher than in any other service, and 
that for officers was higher than for men. 

For every man killed in battle seven were wounded. 

Five out of every six men sent to hospitals on 
account of wounds were cured and returned to duty. 

In the expeditionary forces battle losses were twice 
as large as deaths from disease. 

In this war the death rate from disease was lower, 
and the death rate from battle was higher tlian in 
any other previous .American war. 

Inoculation, clean camps, and safe drinking water 
practically eliminated typhoid fever among our 
troops in this war. 

Pneumonia killed more soldiers than were killed 
in battle. Meningitis was the next most serious 
disease. 

Of each 100 cases of venereal disease recorded in 
the United States. 96 were contracted before entering 
the Army and only 4 afterwards. 

During the entire war available hospital facilities 
in the American Expeditionary Forces have been in 
excess of the needs. 



COST OF THE WAR. 

The war cost the United States considerably more 
than a million dollars an hour for over two years. 

The direct cost was about $33,000,000,000, or 
nearly enough to pay the entire cost of running the 
United States government from 1791 up to the out- 
break of the European war. 

Our expenditures in this war was sufficient to have 
carried on the Revolutionary war continuously for 
more than 1,000 years at the rate of expenditure 
which that war actually involved. 

In addition to this huge expenditure nearly $10,- 
000,000,000 have been loaned by the United States to 
the Allies. 

The Army expenditures have been over $14,000,- 
000,000 or nearly two-thirds of our total war co.sts. 

During the first three months our war expendi- 
tures were at the rate of $3,000,000 per day. During 
the last year they averaged more than $23,000,000 
a day. For the final 10 months of the period, from 
April. 1917, to April, 1919, the daily average was over 
$44,000,000. 

Although the Army expenditures are less than 
two-thirds of our total war costs, they are nearly 



313 



equal to the value of all the gold produced in tlie 
whole world from the discovery of America up to 
the outbreak of the European war. 

The pay of the Army during the war cost more 
than the combined salaries of all the public-school 
principals and teachers in the United States for the 
five years from 1912 to 1916. 

The total war costs of all nations were about 
$186,000,000,000, of which the Allies and the United 



States spent two-thirds and the enemy one-third. 

The three nations spending the greatest amounts 
were Germany, Great Britian, and France, in that 
order. After them come the United States and 
Austria-Hungary, with substantially ec|ual expendi- 
tures. 

The United States spent about one-eighth of the 
entire cost of the war, and something less than one- 
fifth of the expenditures of the allied side. 



FIGURES OF AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE WAR. 

Total armed forces, including Army, Navy. Marine Corps, etc 4,800,000 

Total men in the Army 4,000,000 

Men who went overseas 3,086,000 

Men who fought in France 1,390,000 

Greatest number sent in one month 306.000 

Greatest number returning in one month 333,000 

Tons of supplies shipped from America to France 7,500,000 

Total registered in draft 24,234,021 

Total draft inductions 3,810,296 

Greatest number inducted in one month 400,000 

Graduates of Line Officers' Training Schools 80,468 

Cost of war to April 30, 1919 $21,850,000,000 

Cost of Army to April 30, 1919 $13,930,000,000 

Battles fought by American troops 13 

Months of American participation in the war 19 

Days of battle 200 

Days of duration of Meuse-Argonne battle 47 

Americans in Meuse-Argonne battle 1,200.000 

American casualties in Meuse-Argonne battle 120,000 

American battle deaths in war 50,000 

Americans wounded in war 236,000 

American deaths from disease 56,991 

Total deaths in the Army 112,422 



FDfmriED 
AREA or MLTZ 




V 12'^ or i^^^^ 



BATTLE OF ST. MIHIEL. 
Illustration shows, by number, the American Divisions engaged and the successive 
lines held Sept. 12-15, 1918. 



314 



SOME INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS 



Duration of tlie War 





War 


Dec 


lared 


War 


Declared 










By 


Cen 


tral 


Against 


Cen- 




Duration of War 




Allied and Associated Nations 


Powe 


rs 


tral 


Powers 


Vrs 


Mos. 


Days 


1. Serbia 


July 


28, 


1914 


. Aug. 


9, 


1914 




2 


14 


2. Russia' 


Aug. 


1, 


1914 


Nov. 


3, 


1914 




7 


3 


3. France 


Aug. 


3, 


1914 


Aug. 


3, 


1914 




3 


8 


4. Belgium 


Aug. 


4, 


1914 


Aug. 


7, 


1917 




3 


7 


5. Great Britian 


Nov. 


23, 


1914 


Aug. 


4. 


1914 




3 


7 


6. Montenegro 


Aug. 


9, 


1914 


Aug. 


6, 


1914 




3 


5 


7. Japan 


Aug. 


27, 


1914 


Aug. 


23, 


1914 




2 


19 


8. Portugal 


Mar. 


9, 


1916 


Nov. 


23. 


1914 




11 


19 


9. Italy 








May 


23, 


1915 




5 


19 


10. San Marino 








June 


6, 


191.5 




5 


4 


11. Roumania' 


Aug. 


39, 


1916 


Aug. 


27, 


1916 




6 


10 


12. Greece 








Nov. 


23, 


1916 




11 


18 


13. United States 








Apr. 


6, 


1917 




7 


5 


14. Panama 








Apr. 


7, 


1917 




7 


4 


15. Cuba 








Apr. 


7. 


1917 




7 


4 


16. Siam 








July 


22. 


1917 




3 


20 


17. Liberia 








Aug. 


4, 


1917 




3 


8 


18. China 








Aug. 


14, 


1917 




2 


28 


19. Brazil 








Oct. 


26, 


1917 






16 


20. Guatemala 








Apr. 


21, 


1918 




6 


21 


21. Nicaragua 








May 


6, 


1918 




6 


5 


22. Haiti 








July 


12, 


1918 




3 


30 


23. Honduras 








July 


19, 


1918 




3 


23 



'Treaty March 3, 1918 
'Treaty March 6, 1918 



MCASLC5 



ORSAMIC HEART DISE>eE5 
APPEhOICITIS 

peritomitis 
Typhoid 
bri6mt'3 dise^^se 

SEPTICEMIA 
EMPYEMIA 




ARMY AND NAVY DEATHS BY PRIAXIPAL DISEASES. 



315 



OOOOOoOO 

80 o o o o o o 
O O O Oo o o 

tc 

tf^?: 

Oltt-poO<o 

t» 




Q 
Z 
< 

o 

PS 

Q 



u 
z 




z 



z 

< 
►J 

Q 

z 

< 

H 

Ci 

O 

z 
< 

u 

a 
tj 



316 



WAR CHRONOLOGY 

Chief Events from Beginning to the Signing of the Armistice — iqi8 



1914 

June 28 — Murder at Sarajevo of the Archduke Francis 
Ferdinand. 

July 2a — Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia. 

July 28 — Austria-Hvuigary declares war on Serbia. 

July 31 — General mobilization in Russia. "State of 
war" declared in Germany. 

Aug. 1 — Germany declared war on Russia and invaded 
Luxemburg. 

Aug. 2 — German ultimatum to Belgium, demanding a 
free passage for her troops across Belgium. 

Aug. 3 — Germany declares war on France. 

Aug. 4 — Great Britain's ultimatum to Germany demand- 
ing assurance that neutrality of Belgium would be 
respected. War declared by Great Britain on Ger- 
many. 

Aug. 4 — President Wilson proclaimed neutrality of 
United States. 

Aug. 4-26 — Belgium overrun; Liege occupied (Aug. 9) ; 
Brussels (Aug. 20) ; Namur (Aug. 24). 

Aug. 6 — Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. 

Aug. 10 — France declares war on Austria-Hungary. 

Aug. 12 — Great Britain declares war on Austria- 
Hungary. 

Aug. 16 — British expeditionary force landed in France. 

Aug. 18 — Russia completes mobilization and invades 
East Prussia. 

Aug. 21-2,3 — Battle of Mons Charleroi. Dogged re- 
treat of French and British in the face of the Ger- 
man invasion. 

Aug. 23 — Tsingtau bombarded by Japanese. 

Aug. 25-Dec. 1.5 — Russians overrun Galicia. Lemberg 
taken (Sept. 2) ; PTzemysl first attacked (Sept. 16) ; 
siege broken (Oct. 12-Nov. 12). Fall of Przemysl 
(March 17, 1915). Dec. 4, Russians 3% miles from 
Cracow. 

Aug. 26 — Germans destroyed Louvain. 

—Allies conquer Togoland, in Africa. 

— Russians severly defeated at Battle of Tannenberg, 
in East Prussia. 

Aug. 28 — British naval victory in Helgoland Bight. 

Aug. 31 — Allies line along the Seine, Marne and Meuse 
Rivers. 

— Name St. Petersburg changed to Petrograd by Rus- 
sian decree. 

Sept. 3 — French Government removed (temporarily) 
from Paris to Bordeaux. 

Sept. 5 — Great Britain, France and Russia sign a treaty 
not to make peace separately. 

Sept. 6-10 — Battle of the Marne. Germans reach the 
extreme point of their advance ; driven back by the 
French from the Marne to the River Aisne. The bat- 
tle line then remained practically stationary for three 
years (front of 300 miles). 

Sept. 7 — Germans take INLiubeuge. 

Sept. 11 — An Austrian expedition captures New Guinea 
and the Bismarck Archipelago Protectorate. 

Sept. 16 — Russians, under Gen. Rennenkampf, driven 
from East Prussia. 

Sept. 22 — Three British armored cruisers sunk by a 
submarine. 

Sept. 27 — Successful invasion of German Southwest 
Africa by Gen. Botha. 

Oct. 9 — Germans occupy Antwerp. 

Oct. 13 — Belgian Government withdraws to Le Havre, 
in France. Germans occupy Ghent. 

Oct. 16-28— Battle of the Yser, in Flanders. Belgians 
and French halt German advance. 



Oct. 17-Nov. 17 — French, Belgians and British repulse 
German drive in first battle of Ypres, saving Channel 
ports (decisive day of battle, Oct. 31). 

Oct. 21 — The sale of alcohol forbidden in Russia until 
the end of the war. 

Oct. 21-28 — German armies driven back in Poland. 

Oct. 28 — De Wet's Rebellion in South Africa. 

Nov. 1 — German naval victory in the Pacific, off the 
coast of Chili. 

Nov. 3 — German naval raid into English waters. 

Nov. 5 — Great Britain declared war on Turkey; Cyprus 
annexed. 

Nov. 7 — Fall of Tsingtau to the Japanese. 

Nov. 10-Dec. 14 — Austrian invasion of Serbia (Bel- 
grade taken Dec. 2, recaptured by Serbians Dec. 14). 

Nov. 10 — German cruiser Emden caught and destroyed 
at Cocos Island. 

Nov. 13 — Proclamation by the President of the United 
States of neutrality of the Panama Canal Zone. 

Nov. 21 — Basra, on Persian Gulf, occupied by British. 

Dec. 8 — British naval victory off the Falkland Islands. 

— South African rebellion collapses. 

Dec. 9 — French Government returned to Paris. 

Dec. 16 — German warships bombarded West Hartle- 
pool, Scarborough and Whitby. 

Dec. 17 — Egypt proclaimed a British Protectorate, and 
a new ruler appointed with title of Sultan. 

Dec. 24 — First German air raid on England, 

1915 

Jan. 1-Feb. 15 — Russians attempt to cross the Carpa- 
thians. 

Jan. 7 — The sale of absinthe forbidden in France for 
the duration of the war. 

Jan. 20 — American neutrality explained and defended 
by Secretary of State Bryan. 

Jan. 24 — British naval victory in North Sea off Dogger- 
bank. 

Jan. 25 — Second Russian invasion of East Prussia. 

Jan. 28 — American merchantman William P. Frye sunk 
by German cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich. 

Feb. 4 — Germany's proclamation of "war zone" around 
the British isles after Feb. 18. 

Feb. 10 — United States note holding German Govern- 
ment to a "strict accountability" if any merchant ves- 
sel of the United States is destroyed or any American 
citizens lose their lives. 

Feb. 16 — Germany's reply stating "war-zone" act is an 
act of self-defense against illegal methods employed 
by Great Britain in preventing commerce between 
Germany and neutral countries. 

Feb. 18 — German official "blockade" of Great Britain 
commenced. German submarines begin campaign of 
"piracy and pillage." 

Feb. 19 — Anglo-French squadron bombards Darda- 
nelles. 

Feb. 20 — United States sends identic note to Great 
Britain and Germany suggesting an agreement be- 
tween these two powers respecting the conduct of 
naval warfare. 

Feb. 28 — Germany's reply to identic note. 

March 1 — Announcement of British "blockade;" "Or- 
ders in Council" issued to prevent commodities of any 
kind from reaching or leaving Germany. 

March 10 — British capture Neuve Chapelle. 

March 17 — Russians captured Przemysl and strength- 
ened their hold on the greater part of Galicia. 

j\Iarch 28 — British steamship Falaba attacked by sub- 
marine and sunk (111 lives lost; 1 American). 



April 2 — Russians fighting in the Carpathians. 

April 8 — Steamer Harpalyce, in service of American 
Commission for Aid of Belgium, torpedoed ; 15 lives 
lost. 

April 17-May 17 — Second Battle of Ypres. British cap- 
tured Hill 60 (April 19) ; (April 23) ; Germans ad- 
vanced toward Yser Canal. Asphyxiating gas em- 
ployed by the Germans. Failure of Germany to break 
through the British lines. 

April 22 — German Embassy sends out a warning against 
embarkation on vessels belonging to Great Britain. 

April 26 — Allied troops land on the Gallipoli Peninsula. 

April 28 — American vessel Gushing attacked by German 
aeroplane. 

April 30 — Germans invade the Baltic Provinces of 
Russia. 

May 1 — American steamship Gulflight sunk by German 
submarine; 2 Americans lost. Warning of German 
Embassy published in daily papers. Lusitania sails 
at 12:20 noon. 

May 2 — Russians forced by the combined Germans and 
Austrians to retire from their positions in the Car- 
pathians. (Battle of the Dunajec.) 

May 7 — Cunard Line steamship Lusitania sunk by Ger- 
man submarine (1,154 lives lost, 114 being Ameri- 
cans). 

May 8 — Germans occupy Libau, Russian port on the 
Baltic. 

May 9-June — Battle of Artois, or Festubert (near La 
Bassee). 

May 10 — Message of sympathy from Germany on loss 
of American lives by sinking of Lusitania. 

May 12 — South African troops, under Gen. Botha, oc- 
cupy capital of German Southwest Africa. 

May 13 — American note protests against submarine pol- 
icy culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania. 

Mav 23 — Italy declared war on .'\ustria-Hungary. 

May 25 — Coalition Cabinet formed in Great Britain; 
Asquith continues to be Prime Minister. 
American steamship Nebraskan attacked by submar- 
ine. 

May 28 — Germany's answer to American note of May 
13. 

June 1 — Supplementary note from Germany in regard 
to the Gulflight and Gushing. 

June 3 — Przemysl retaken by Germans and Austrians. 

June 8 — Resignation of William J. Bryan, Secretary of 
State. 

June 9 — Monfalcone occupied by Italians, severing one 
of two railway lines to Trieste. 

— United States sends second note on Lusitania case. 

June 22 — The Austro-Germans recapture Lemberg. 

July 2 — Naval action between Russian and German 
warships in the Baltic. 

July 8 — Germany sends reply to note of June 9 and 
pledges safety to LInitcd States vessels in war zone 
under specified conditions. 

July 15 — Germany sends memorandum acknowledging 
submarine attack on Nebraskan and expresses regret. 

— Conquest of German Southwest Africa completed. 

July 21 — Third American note on Lusitania case de- 
clares Germany's communication of July 8 "very un- 
satisfactory." 

July 12-Sept. 18 — German conquest of Russian Poland. 
Germans capture Lubin (July 31), Warsaw (Aug. 4). 
Ivangorod (Aug. 5), Kovno (Aug. 17), Nowogeor- 
giewsk (Aug. 19), Brest-Litovsk (Aug. 25), Vilna 
(Sept. 18). 

July 25 — American steamship Leelanaw sunk by sub- 
marine ; carrying contraband ; no lives lost. 

Aug. 4 — Capture of Warsaw by Germans. 

Aug. 15 — National registration in Great Britain. 

Aug. 19 — White Star liner Arabic sunk by submarine; 
16 victims, 2 Americans. 

Aug. 20 — Italy declared war on Turkey. 



Aug. 24 — German Ambassador sends note in regard to 
Arabic. Loss of American lives contrary to intention 
of the German Government and is deeply regretted. 

Sept. 1 — Letter from Ambassador von Bernstorflf to 
Secretary Lansing giving assurance that German sub- 
marines will sink no more liners without warning. 
Indorsed by the German Foreign Office (Sept. 14). 

Sept. 4 — Allan liner Hesperian sunk by German sub- 
marine; 26 lives lost, 1 American. 

Sept. 7 — German Government sends report on the sink- 
ing of the Arabic. 

Sept. S — LTnited States demands recall of Austro- 
Hungarian Ambassador, Dr. Dumba. 

Sept. 14 — United States sends summary of evidence in 
regard to Arabic. 

Sept. 18 — Fall of Vilna; end of Russian retreat. 

Sept. 25-Oct. — French offensive in Champagne fails to 
break through German lines. 

Sept. 27 — British progress in the neighborhood of Loos. 

Oct. 4 — Russian ultimatum to Bulgaria. 

Oct. 5 — Allied forces land at Salonica, at the Invita- 
tion of the Greek Government. 

Oct. 5 — German Government regrets and disavows sink- 
ing of Arabic and is prepared to pay indemnities. 

Oct. 6-Dec. 2 — Austro-German-Bulgarian conquest of 
Serbia. Fall of Nish (Nov. 5), of Prizrend (Nov. 
30), of Monastir (Dec. 2). 

Oct. 14 — Great Britain declared war against Bulgaria. 

Oct. 20 — German note on the evidence in the Arabic 
case. 

Nov. 10 — Russian farces advance on Teheran as a re- 
sult of pro-German activities in Persia. 

Dec. 1 — British, under Gen. Townshend, forced to re- 
treat from Ctesiphon to Kut-el-Amara. 

Dec. 4 — Lhiited States Government demands recall of 
Capt. Karl Boy-Ed, German naval attache, and Capt. 
Franz von Papen, military attache. 

Dec. 6 — Germans captured Ipek (Montenegro). 

Dec. 10 — Boy-Ed and von Papen recalled. 

Dec. 13 — British defeat Arabs on western frontier of 
Egypt. 

Dec. 15 — Sir John French retired from command of 
the army in France and Flanders, and is succeeded 
by Sir Douglas Haig. 

Dec. 17 — Russians occupied Hamadan (Persia). 

Dec. 19 — The British forces withdrawn from Anzac and 
Sulva Bay (Galipoli Peninsula). 

Dec. 26 — Russian forces in Persia occupied Kashan. 

Dec. 30 — British passenger steamer Persia sunk in Med- 
iterranean, presumably by submarine. 

1916 

Jan. 8 — Complete evacuation of Gallipoli. 

Jan. 13 — Fall of Cettinje, capital of Montenegro. 

Jan. IS — United States Government sets forth a decla- 
ration of principles regarding submarine attacks and 
asks whether the Governments of the Allies would 
subscribe to such an agreement. 

Jan. 28 — Austrians occupy San Giovanni de Medici (Al- 
bania). 

Feb. 10 — Germany sends memorandum to neutral pow- 
ers that armed merchant ships will be treated as 
warships and will be sunk without warning. 

Feb. 15 — Secretary Lansing makes statement that by 
international law commercial vessels have right to 
carry arms in self-defense. 

Feb. 16 — Germany sends note acknowledging her lia- 
bility in the Lusitania affair. 

— Kamerun (Africa) conquered. 

Feb. 21-July — Battle of Verdun. Germans take Fort 
Douaumont (Feb. 25). Great losses of Germans with 
little results. Practically all the ground lost was 
slowly regained by the French in the autumn. 

Feb. 24" — President Wilson in letter to Senator Stone 
refuses to advise American citizens not to travel on 
armed merchant ships. 

Feb. 27 — Russians captured Kermanshah (Persia). 



March 8 — German Ambassador communicates memo- 
randum regarding U-boat question, stating it is a 
new weapon not yet regulated by international law. 

March 8 — Germany declares war on Portugal. 

March 19 — Russians entered Ispalian (Persia). 

March 24 — French steamer Sussex i= torpedoed with- 
out warning ; about 80 passengers, including Ameri- 
can citizens, are killed or wounded. 

March 25 — Department of State issues memorandum in 
regard to armed merchant vessels in neutral ports 
and on the high seas. 

March 27-29 — United States Government instructs 
American Ambassador in Berlin, to inquire into sink- 
ing of Sussex and other vessels. 

April 10 — German Government replies to United States 
notes of March 27, 28, 29, on the sinking of Sussex 
and other vessels. 

April 17 — Russians capture Trebizond. 

April 18 — United States delivers what is considered an 
ultimatum that unless Germany abandons present 
methods of submarine warfare United States will 
sever diplomatic relations. 

April 19 — President addressed Congress on relations 
with Germany. 

April 24-May 1 — Insurrection in Ireland. 

April 29 — Gen. Townshend surrendered to the Turks 
before Kut-el-Amara. 

May 4 — Reply of Germany acknowledges sinking of 
the Sussex and in the main meets demands of the 
United States. 

May 8 — United States Government accepts German po- 
sition as outlined in note of May 4, but makes it clear 
that the fulfilment of these conditions cannot de- 
pend upon the negotiations between the United States 
and any other belligerent Govermnent. 

May 16-June 3 — Great Austrian attack on the Italians 
through the Trentino. 

May 19 — Russians join British on the Tigris. 

May 24 — Military service (conscription) bill becomes 
law in Great Britain. 

May 27 — President in address before League to En- 
force Peace says United States is ready to join any 
practical league for preserving peace and guarantee- 
ing political and territorial integrity of nations. 

May 31 — Naval battle ofY Jutland. 

June 4-30 — Russian offensive in Volhynia and Buko- 
wina. Czcrnovitz taken (June 17) ; all Bukowina 
overrun. 

June 5 — Lord Kitchener drowned. 

June 21 — United States demands apology and repara- 
tion from Austria-Hungary for sinking by Austrian 
submarine of Petrolite, an American vessel. 

July 1-Nov. — Battle of the Somme. Combles taken 
(Sept. 26). Failure of the Allies to break the Ger- 
man lines. 

Aug. 6-Sept. — New Italian offensive drives out Aus- 
trians and wins Gorizia (Aug. 9). 

Aug. 27 — Italy declares war on Germany. 

Aug. 27-Jan. 15 — Roumania enters war on the side 
of the Allies and is crushed. (Fall of Bucharest, 
Dec. 6; Dobrudja conquered Jan. 2; Focsani captured 
Jan. 8.) 

Sept. 7 — Senate ratifies purchase of Danish West In- 
dies. 

Oct. 8 — German submarine appears off American coast 
and sinks British passenger steamer Stepliano. 

Oct. 28 — British steamer Marina sunk without warning 
(6 Americans lost). 

Nov. 6 — British liner Arabia torpedoed and sunk with- 
out warning in Mediterranean. 

Nov. 29 — United States protests against Belgian de- 
portations. 

Dec. 5-6 — Fall of Asquitli Ministry; Lloyd George new 

Prime Minister. 
Dec. 12 — German peace offer. Refused (Dec. 30) by 
Allies as "empty and insincere." 



Dec. 14 — British horse transport ship Russian sunk in 
Mediterranean by submarine (17 Americans lost). 

Dec. 20 — President Wilson's peace note (dated Dec. 
18). Germany replies (Dec. 26). Entente Allies' 
reply (Jan. 10) demands "restoration, reparation, 
indemnities." 

1917 

Jan. 10 — The Allied Governments state their terms of 
peace ; a separate note from Belgiuin included. 

Jan. 11 — Supplemented German note on views as to set- 
tlement of war. 

Jan. 13 — Great Britain ainplifies reply to President's 
note of Dec. 18. Favors co-operation to preserve 
peace. 

Jan. 22 — President Wilson addresses the Senate, giv- 
ing his ideas of steps necessary for world peace. 

Jan. 31 — Germany announces unrestricted submarine 
warfare in specified zones. 

Feb. 3 — L'nited States severs diploiuatic relations with 
Germany; Bern.storff dismissed. 

Feb. 12 — L'nited States replied to Swiss Mmister that 
it will not ne.gotiate with Germany until submarine 
order is withdrawn. 

Feb. 18 — Italians and French join in Albania, cutting 
oiif Greece from the Central Powers. 

Feb. 24 — Kut-el-Amara taken by British, under Gen. 
Maude (campaign begun Dec. 13). 

Feb. 26 — President Wilson asks authority to arm mer- 
chant ships. 

Feb. 28 — "Zimmerman note" revealed. 

March 4 — Announced that the British had taken over 
from the French the entire Somme front ; British 
held on west front 100 miles, French 175 miles, Bel- 
gians 25 miles. 

March 11 — Bagdad captured by British, under Gen. 
Maude. 

March 11-15 — Revolution in Russia, leading to abdi- 
cation of Czar Nicholas II (March 15). Provisional 
Government formed by Constitutional Democrats, 
under Prince Lvoft' and M. Milyukoff. 

March 12 — Lbiited States announced that an armed 
guard would be placed on all American merchant ves- 
sels sailing through the war zone. 

March 17-19 — Retirement of Germans to "Hindenburg 
line." Evacuation of 1,300 square miles of French 
territory, on front of 100 miles, from Arras to Sois- 
sons. 

March 22 — LTnited States formally recognized the new 
Government of Russia set up as a result of the revo- 
lution. 

March 2(5 — The United States refused the proposal of 
Germany to interpret and supplement the Prussian 
Treaty of 1799. 

March 27 — Minister Brand Whitlock and American 
Relief Commission withdrawn from Belgium. 

April 2 — President Wilson asks Congress to declare 
the existence of a state of war with Germany. 

April (> — United States declares war on Germany. 

April S — Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic relations 
with the United States. 

April 9-May 14 — British successes in Battle of Arras 
(Vimy Ridge taken April 9^. 

April 16-May 6 — French successes in Battle of the 
Aisne between Soissons and Rheiins. 

April 20 — Turkey severs relations with United States. 

May 4 — American destroyers begin co-operation with 
British Navy in war zone. 

May 15-Sept. 15 — Great Italian offensive on Isonzo 
front (Carso Plateau). Capture of Gorizia (Aug. 
9). Monte Santo taken Aug. 24. Monte San Gabri- 
elle, Sept. 14. 

May 15 — Gen. Petain succeeds Gen. Nivelle as com- 
mander in chief of the French armies. 

May 17 — Russian Provisional Governmc'i reconstructed. 
Kerensky (former Minister of Justice) becomes 
Minister of War. Milyukoff resigns. 

May l8 — President Wilson signs Selective Service Act. 



Ill 



June 3 — American mission to Russia lands at Vladi- 
vostok ("Root Mission"). Returns to America 
Aug. 3. 

June 7 — British blow up Messines Ridge, south of 
Ypres, and capture T,.500 German prisoners. 

June 10 — Italian offensive on Trentino. 

June 12 — King Constantine of Greece forced to abdi- 
cate. 

June 15 — Subscriptions close for First Liberty Loan 
($3,000,000,000 offered; $3,035,226,850 subscribed). 

June 26 — First American troops reach France. 

June 29 — Greece enters war against Germany and her 
allies. 

July 1 — Russian Army, led in person by Kerensky, be- 
gins a short-line offensive in Galicia, ending in disas- 
trous retreat (July 19- Aug. 3). 

July 4 — Resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg as German 
Chancellor. Dr. George Michaelis, Chancellor (July 
14). 

July 20 — Drawing at Washington of names for first 
army under selective service. 

July 20 — Kerensky becomes Premier on resignation 
of Prince Lvoff. 

July 30 — Mutiny in German fleet at Wilhelmshaven and 
Kiel, Second mutiny, Sept. 2. 

July 31-Nov. — Battle of Flanders (Passchendaele 
Ridge) ; British successes. 

Aug. 10 — Food and Fuel Control Bill passed. 

Aug. 15 — Peace proposals of Pope Benedict revealed 
(dated Aug. 1). United States replies, Aug. 27; 
Germany and Austria, Sept. 21 ; supplementary Ger- 
man reply, Sept. 26. 

Aug. 15 — Canadians capture Hill 70, dominating Lens. 

Aug. 19 — New Italian drive on the Isonzo front (Carso 
Plateau). Monte Santo captured (Aug. 24). 

Aug. 20-24 — French attacks at Verdun recapture high 
ground lost in 1910. 

Sept. 3 — Riga captured by Germans. 

Sept. 8 — Luxburg despatches ("spurlos versenkt") re- 
vealed by United States. 

Sept. 10-13 — Attempted coup d'etat of Gen. Korniloff. 

Sept. 15 — Russia proclaimed a republic. 

Oct. 12 — Germans occupy Oesel and Dago Islands (Gulf 
of Riga). 

Oct. 17 — Russians defeated in a naval engagement in 
the Gulf of Riga. 

Oct. 24-Dec. — Great German-Austrian counter drive in- 
to Italy. Italian line shifted to Piave River, Asiago 
Plateau, and Brenta River. 

Oct. 23-26 — French drive north of the Aisne wins im- 
portant positions, including Malmaison Fort. 

Oct. 26 — Brazil declares war on Germany. 

Oct. 27— Second Liberty Loan closed ($3,000,000,000 
offered; $4,617,532,300 subscribed). 

Oct. 30 — Count von Hertling succeeds Michaelis as 
German Chancellor. 

Nov. 2— Germans retreat from the Chemin des Dames, 
north of the Aisne. 

Nov. 3 — First clash of Americans with Gerrnan soldiers. 

Nov. 7 — Overthrow of Kerensky and Provisional Gov- 
ernment of Russia by the Bolsheviki. 

Nov. 13 — Clemenceau succeeds Ribot as French Pre- 
mier. 

Nov. 18 — British forces in Palestine take Jaffa. 

Nov. 22-Dec. 13 — Battle of Cambrai. Successful sur- 
prise attack near Cambrai by British, under Gen. 
Byng, on Nov. 22 (employs "tanks" to break down 
wire entanglements in place of the usual artillery 
preparations). Bourlon Wood, dominating Cambrai, 
taken Nov. 26. Surprise counter attack by Ger- 
mans, Dec. 2, compels British to give up fourth of 
ground gained. German attacks on Dec. 13 partly 
successful. 

Nov. 29 — First olenary session of the Inter-Allied Con- 
ference in r,^-!s. Sixteen nations represented. Col. 
E. M. House, Chairman of American delegation. 

Dec. 5 — President Wilson, in message to Congress, ad- 
vises war on Austria. 



Dec. 6 — United States destroyer Jacob Jones sunk by 
submarine, with loss of over 60 American men. 

— Explosion of munitions vessel wrecks Halifax. 

Dec. 6-9 — Armed revolt overthrows pro-Ally Admin- 
istration in Portugal. 

Dec. 7 — United States declares war on Austria-Hun- 
gary. 

Dec. 9 — Jerusalem captured by British force advanc- 
ing from Egypt. 

Dec. 10 — Gens. Kaledines and Korniloff declared by 
the Bolshevik Government to be leading a Cossack 
revolt. 

Dec. 13 — Berlin announces armistice negotiations with 
Russia begin Dec. 14. 

— German aerial bombs kill several United States rail- 
way engineers, and two engineers die from gunshot 
wounds. 

— Chinese troops arrive at Harbin, Manchuria, oust 
Russians and prevent Bolsheviki gaining control of 
city. 

Dec. 14 — Austro-German forces on Italian front win 
a sector. 

— Premier Lloyd George in speech to lawyers at Gray's 
Inn declares England in accord with President Wil- 
son's statement of war aims. 

— Cuban Senate declares state of war with Austria- 
Hungary. 

Dec. 15 — Inter-Allied Economic Council, Great Britain 
France and Italy represented, organizes in London, 
elects Assistant Secretary of United States Treasury 
Oscar T. Crosby, President. 

— Armistice agreement between Bolshevik Government 
and Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk. 

Dec. 16 — Explosion in Zeppelin works at Friedrichs- 
hafen kills and injures many. 

— Zeppelin bomb factory near Kiel is destroyed by ex- 
plosion. 

Dec. 17 — German raid in North Sea destroys convoyed 
merchant fleet (1 British, 5 neutral ships), a British 
destroyer and 4 armed trawlers ; a cruiser squadron 
picks up survivors. 

— United States submarine F-3 Tams and sinks United 
States submarine F-1, in American waters (19 lives 
lost). 

Dec. 18 — Sixteen to twenty large German Gothas raid 
London, kill 10, injure 70; two of the raiders are 
brought down. 

Dec. 19 — British Admiralty reports past week's U boat 
losses — 17 merchantmen (14 over 1,600 tons), 1 fish- 
ing vessel. 

— Official report received in Washington, D. C, from 
France, says the Turks sent to Berlin the monstrance 
of brilliants, and carried off the treasure of the 
Church of the Holy Sepulcher, before surrendering 
Jerusalem. 

Dec. 20 — Germans claim 8,390 prisoners on Italian front 
since Dec. 11. 

— Premier Lloyd George addresses House of Commons 
on Britain's peace terms. 

Dec. 22 — British armed steamship Stephen Furness is 
sunk in Irish Channel by German submarine. 

— At Essen, Germany, explosion in electric power sta- 
tion in Krupp plant causes a 23-hour fire. 

— Three British destroyers are sunk off Dutch coast 
by mines or torpedoes ; 193 lives lost. 

Dec. 23 — Gen. Guillaumat succeeds Sarrail as Com- 
mander in Chief of Allied forces at Salonica. 

Dec. 24 — Germans break through Italian positions in 
Asiago sector but are stopped by counter attacks 
near Buso Monte Salbella. 

— British airmen bomb Mannheim on the Rhine. 

Dec. 25 — Berlin reports capture on Italian front of 
Col del Rosso and 9,000 prisoners. 

— France and Germany agree through Swiss Govern- 
ment for exchange of prisoners of 48 years or over, 
officers to be interned in Switzerland. 



IV 



Dec. 26 — At Harbin, Manchuria, Russian Maximalist 
troops surrender to Chinese, after a fight. 

— Vice Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss appointed First 
Sea Lord of the AdmiraUy, succeeding Sir John R. 
Jellicoe. 

Dec. 27— Turkish army defeated by British in attempt 
to retake Jerusalem. 

Dec. 28 — Three British torpedo boat destroyers sunk 
either by mines or torpedoes off coast of Holland ; 
13 officers, ISO men lost. 

Dec. 30 — Fighting renewed on Cambrai front. 

—Gen. Allenby's forces occupy Bireh, 8% miles north of 
Jerusalem. 

— In Monte Tomba sector, Italy, French forces pierce 
German lines, capture 1,400 prisoners, 60 machine 
guns, 7 cannon and large quantity of other war ma- 
terial. 

— British transport torpedoed in Eastern Mediterran- 
ean; loss 800; British destroyer picking up survivors 
also sunk. 

Dec. 31 — Mercantile fleet au.xiliary Osmanieh sunk by 
a mine. 

— British Food Controller, Baron Rhondda, orders ra- 
tioning of sugar — Vz pound per capita, per week, ob- 
tained by card. 

1918 

Jan. 2— Between Lens and St. Quentin German raids 
on British lines repulsed with heavy enemy losses. 
— Austro-German invaders defeated in thrust at Ven- 
ice. 
— Five enemy airplanes are brought down on Italian 

front. 
— Germany demands of Russia, Poland, Courland, Es- 

thonia and Lithuania. 
— Ale.xandrovsk occupied by Cossacks without resis- 
tance. 
— Marie Corelli, novelist, fined by British Food Con- 
troller for having too much sugar. 
Jan. 4 — Lieut. "Hobey" Baker, former Princeton foot- 
ball captain, brings down German airplane in his 
first war flight. 
Jan. 5 — In speech to trades unions Lloyd George sets 

forth Great Britain's war aims. 
Jan. 7 — In mutiny at Kiel, German naval base subma- 
rine crews kill 3S of their officers. 
— British patrol boats capture 2 German submarines 

ofif Canary Islands. 
— Earl Reading, Lord Chief Justice of England, ap- 
pointed British High Commissioner to United States. 
— British War Office states captures and losses during 
1917; captures, prisoners on all fronts, 114,544; guns, 
781 ; losses, prisoners, 28,370 ; guns, 166. 
Jan. 8 — Italian Government prohibits making and sale 

of cake, confectionery and pastry. 
Jan. 9 — British destroyer Raccoon strikes rock on Irish 

coast and is lost, with crew of 10.5. 
—British hospital ship Rewa torpedoed in British Chan- 
nel ; three of crew missing; wounded soldiers safely 
landed. 
— British Admiralty reports for past week — arrivals. 
2,085; sailings, 2,244; merchantmen sunk, 21 (18 over 
1,600 tons) ; 4 fishing vessels. 
Jan. 12 — Two British torpedo boat destroyers lost on 

Scotch coast, but one man saved. 
— United States steamship Nyanza sinks a German 

submarine. 
Jan. 13 — Italian airmen drop 2 tons of explosives on 
storehouses and encampments at Primolano, an im- 
portant railway station. 
— French War Minister puts postal and telegraph serv- 
ice under military control. 
— Premier Clemenceau orders arrest in Paris of for- 
mer Premier Caillaux on charge of treason. 
Jan. 14 — British airplanes drop bombs on steel works 
at Thionville, between Luxemburg and Metz, and on 
two large railway junctions near Metz. 



— Germans bombard Yarmouth, killing 3. 
— Attempt is made to shoot Russian Premier Lenine. 
Jan. 18 — Prussian Chamber of Lords reaffirms exclu- 
sive right of German Emperor to make war or peace. 
^Premier Lloyd George addressing Trades Union Con- 
ference, declares "We must either go on or go un- 
der." 
Jan. 20 — British Admiralty announces sinking in ac- 
tion at entrance to Dardanelles Turkish cruiser Mi- 
dulla, formerly the German Breslau, and beaching 
the Sultan Yawuz Selim, formerly German Goeben ; 
the British losing monitor Raglan and small monitor 
M-28; British lose 178 men; Turks, 198. 
— Ostend bombarded by Allied naval forces. 
Jan. 21 — On French front Allied airplanes bomb Cour- 
trai, Roulers and Rumbeke, and raiding into Germany, 
bomb steel works at Thionville and railway sidings 
at Bernstoff and Arnaville. 
— Armed boarding steamer Louvain sunk in Mediter- 
ranean; 217 lost. 
—Sir Edward Carson, Minister without portfolio, re- 
signs from British War Cabinet. 

Petrograd reports murders of A. I. Shingareff and 

Prof. F. F. Kokoshkine, Kerensky Minister of Fi- 
nance and State Comptroller. 
. — Washington reports abandonment of Gen. von Falk- 
enhayn's plan to reorganize Turkish army because of 
desertion of 160,000 Turkish troops between Constan- 
tinople and Palestine. 
—Gen. Szetezair Boroevic. a Slav, succeeds Archduke 
Charles as commander of Austrian forces on Italian 
front. 
Jan. 22— Baron Rhondda, British Food Controller, de- 
crees Tuesdays and Fridays to be meatless days m 
London district; Wednesdays and Fridays in other 
parts of kingdom. 
Jan. 2.3 — Germans gain footing east of Nieuport, but 

are expelled in counter attack. 
Jan. 24 — On Monte Tomba front Germans move de- 
fense lines back from Piave River westward to Monte 
Spinoncia. 
—British airmen raid railway stations at Courtrai and 
Ledeghem. Belgium, and at Douai, France; Mann- 
heim on the Rhine, steel works at Thionville, rail- 
way stations at Saarbrucken and Oberbillig; 7 Ger- 
man machines are brought down, 5 driven out of 
control. . 

Jan. 25— Count von Hertling discusses President Wil- 
son's programme of war and peace in Reichstag, and 
outlines Germany's peace terms. 
—In address to Foreign Afifairs, Committee of Reichs- 
rat. Count Czernin, Foreign Minister, outlines Austro- 
Hungarian proposals. 
Jan. 26— In past week British lose 9 ships of over 1,600 

tons by submarines. 
Austrian airmen bomb Treviso and Mestre, 2 Ameri- 
cans killed. 
—Germans claim to have downed 25 Allied machines 

by gunfire in 4 days. 
-Emperor Charles, as King of Hungary, accepts res- 
ignation of Hungarian cabinet and directs Premier 
Dr. Wekerle to form a new one. 
Jan. 27— Cunarder Andania torpedoed off the Ulster 

coast. 
Jan. 28— In Italian offensive east of Asiago Plateau 
Italian forces capture Col del Rosso and Col d'Echele, 
and 1,500 prisoners. 
—The Irish steamship Cork sunk by torpedo; 12 lost. 
— Roumanians capture Kishineff, capital of Bessarabia. 
—French Chamber of Deputies decrees a per diem 

bread ration of 300 grams (about 11 ounces). 
Jan. 29— latlians break German lines east of Asiago 
Plateau and disperse reinforcements; take Monte di 
Val Bella, 2,600 prisoners, 100 machine guns. 
—Allied aviators attack Zeebrugge. 
— German airplanes raid London, kill 47, injure 169. 
Jan. 30— British line advances near Antioch in Pales- 
tine. 



Jan. 30 — Armed escort vessel Mechanician torpedoed in 
English Channel, 13 men lost. 

— Germans make air raid on Paris, kill 36, injure 190. 

— Since launching of unrestricted submarine warfare, 
on Feb. 1, 1917, 69 United States ships (171,061 gross 
tons) have been sunk by submarines, mines and raid- 
ers ; 300 persons drowned ; 107 German and Austrian 
ships (686,494 gross tons) in United States ports 
have been seized; 426 vessels (2,000,(X)0 tons) requi- 
sitioned bv Shipping Board. Great Britain lost from 
Jan. 1, 1917, to Jan. 26, 1918, 1,169 ships. Total ton- 
nage lost bv Allies and neutrals in same period, 
6,617,000. 

— London reports strikes in Berlin and incendiary fires 
in Vienna. 

Jan, 31 — It is for the first time announced that United 
States troops are occupying first line trenches. Ger- 
mans raid American line, kill 2, wound 4, 1 missing. 

— British penetrate Mukhmas in Palestine. 

Feb. 1 — War Trade Board's regulations to prevent 
goods leaving United States in neutral bottoms and 
to make it impossible for ships to supply submarines 
go into effect. 

—Major Gen. Peyton C. March made Chief of General 
Staff. Italians advance to head of Melago Valley. 
Roumanians occupy KishinefF. Bolsheviki seize Rou- 
manian ships in Black Sea ; capture Odessa and Oren- 
burg. Tartars in Baxhchisarai announce establish- 
ment of Crimean Republic. 

Feb. 2 — Germans repulsed at Monte di Val Bella. 

Feb. 3 — Germans bombard Lorraine sector ; kill 2 Amer- 
icans; wound 9. 

Feb. 4 — Trial begun at Paris of Bolo Pasha for trea- 
son. Emperor Charles of Austria names Gens, von 
Boehm-Ermolli and Boroevic Field Marshals. Can- 
adian Fuel Controller orders factories to suspend 
work Feb. 9, 10 and 11, and closes golf, yacht, canoe, 
hunt and country clubs during February and March, 
except on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Bolsheviki 
take Niepin in Minsk. Petrograd Soviet decrees sep- 
aration of church and state. Tartars occupy Yalta 
in Taurida. and advance on Sebastopol. Austrian 
airmen bomb Treviso, wreck church of San Lorenzo ; 
kill 8 citizens. 

Feb. 5 — United States steamer Alamance torpedoed; 
6 of crew lost. 

—Enemy airplanes bomb Venice, Mestre and Tre- 
viso ; no casualties. Italians bring down 5 enemy 
planes. 

— United States transport Tuscania torpedoed off Irish 
coast ; loss 101. 

—That since beginning of war German U boats had 
killed 14,120 British non-combatant men, women and 
children is stated in House of Commons^ 

Feb. 6 — Allied naval forces bombard Ostend. 

— "Loyal" White Guards of Finland occupy Uleaborg 
and Tammerfors. 

■ — Field Marshal von Mackensen sends ultimatum to 
Roumanian Government, demanding peace negotia- 
tions begin within 4 days ; Roumanian Cabinet re- 
signs. 

— Italian aviator drops a ton of bombs on hostile avia- 
tion grounds at Molta di Livenza. 

Feb. 7 — Spain protests to Germany against the looting 
and torpedoing of Spanish steamer Giralda Jan. 26. 

— Announcement made that steamship service between 
Asiatic ports of Russia and Constantinople in Black 
Sea had been resumed Jan. 11, and Russians were 
supplying Turks with food. 

—Swedish steamship Fridland, loaded with grain from 
United States port, torpedoed ; 6 men killed. 

Feb. 8 — White Guards of Finland capture Viborg. Uk- 
rainians claim victory over Bolsheviki at Sarny. M. 
Holubovicz named Premier of the Ukraine. Bolshe- 
viki fail in attempt to occupy Kieff. Turkish For- 
eign Minister Nessimy Bey, addressing Chamber of 
Deputies, expresses accord with Czernin and Hert- 
ling. 



Feb. 9 — Central Powers and Ukraine sign peace treaty. 
Madrid reports Spanish steamship Sebastian and Ital- 
ian steamship Duca di Genova torpedoed in Spanish 
waters. Poles capture Smolensk. Russia declares 
state of war over and orders demobilization. 

Feb. 11 — West of Brenta River Italians shatter violent 
Austrian attack. 

— Italian torpedo craft enter Buccari Bay and sink at 
anchor largest Austrian steamer there. 

Feb. 12 — The eighth session of the longest Parliament 
in modern times opens in London. 

— The British Government declines to recognize the 
Brest-Litovsk treaty of peace. 

— French air squadrons drop four tons of bombs on 
railroad stations at Thionville, Conflans, Schemblez 
and Metz-Sablon. 

Feb. 13 — On western front United States batteries aid 
in raid in Champagne district. 

— Test vote in House of Commons sustains Lloyd 
George. 

— Sinking of Spanish ship Ceferino announced. 

— The British Admiralty reports the week's losses bv 
mine or submarine, 19 merchantmen, 13 over 1,600 
tons, and 3 fishing craft. 

— Rome reports 4 Italian merchantmen of over 1,600 
tons sunk in week ending Feb. 9. 

— The Norwegian Legation in London reports Nor- 
way's loss of tonnage from the beginning of the war 
to the end of January as 1,050,583 and 883 seamen. 

Feb. 14 — Paris court martial finds Bolo Pasha guilty 
of treason, sentences him to death, a co-defendant, 
Filippo Cavallinie, under arrest in Italy, sentenced 
to death. Darius Porchere sentenced to 3 years' im- 
prisonment. 

Feb. IS — The President issues proclamation making 
foreign commerce of United States subject to license 
control. 

— A flotilla of German destroyers in the Straits of 
Dover sink 8 British patrol boats. 

• — Germany renews war on Russia. 

Feb. 16 — In battle for Kieff Bolsheviki defeat L'krain- 
ians. 

— Sir William Robertson, Chief of British Imperial 
Staff, resigns and is succeeded by Sir Henry H. Wil- 
son. 

— A German submarine bombards Dover, England. 

Feb. 17 — Lord Northcliffe is appointed Director of 
Propaganda in enemy countries. 

— German aviators attack Dover, England and Dun- 
kirk, France. 

Feb. 16, 17 and 18 — German airplanes raid London, but 
do little damage. 

Feb. 18 — Petrograd despatch announces capture of Kieff 
by Bolslieviki ; casualties, 4,000 killed, 7,000 wounded. 

— The Bolsheviki pass decree that on Feb. 14 (old 
style) Russian calendar shall be made to correspond 
to English calendar, thus changing from old style to 
new style. 

Feb. 19 — Lloyd George addresses House of Commons, 
refers to decision of Supreme War Council at Ver- 
sailles, and to argument of American delegation for 
unified leadership. 

— Petrograd confirms report of seizure by Swedish 
forces of Aland Islands, held by Bolshevik troops. 

Feb. 20 — British Admiralty reports for week : .'Vrriv- 
als, 2,322; sailings, 2,393; merchantmen sunk, IS (12 
of more than 1,600 tons) ; 1 fishing vessel. During 
the same week, Rome reports 2 steamships of 1,S(X) 
tons lost and 1 sailing vessel. 

Feb. 21 — An economic agreement wMth Spain is signed 
in Madrid whereby Gen. Pershing gets mules and 
army blankets in return for cotton and oil. 

— London reports German troops advancing into Russia 
on front extending from shores of Esthonia to south- 
ern border of Volhynia ; Minsk entered and Rovno 
taken. Germans said to have captured 9,125 prison- 
ers, 1,353 cannon, 5,000 motor cars, 1,000 railroad 
cars loaded with grain, airplanes and war material. 



VI 



Feb. 21 — British troops occupy Jericho, 14 miles from 
Jerusalem. 

— United States steamship Philadelphian, with cargo of 
foodstuffs, sunk by German submarine. 

Feb. 22 — United States troops are in the Chemin des 
Dames sector, the Aisne, France. 

— United States War Trade Board secures agreement 
with Norway's commissioners by which Norway 
guarantees imports from United States will not Teach 
Germany, and limits its own exports to that coun- 
try. 

— A Berlin despatch says the Ukraine and Germany 
have signed peace treaty. 

• — London reports Jericho occupied by British forces 
with little opposition. 

— Five Entente airmen bomb Innsbruck, capital of 
Austrian Tyrol, hit German Consulate and soldiers' 
trains. 

— British aerial sciuadron bombard enemy aviation 
grounds near Oderzo-Portogruare railway on Italian 
front ; bring down i enemy planes. 

Feb. 23 — The United States and Japanese Embassies 
and Chinese, Siamese and Brizilian Legations leave 
Petrograd for Vologda, 270 miles east of Petrograd. 

— Madrid -reports Spanish steamer Mar Caspio sunk by 
German submarine ; crew saved. 

— Copenhagen reports capture by a British cruiser of 
German steamship Diisseldorf. 

—Edward J. Loughran of New York killed in aerial 
combat with 4 enemy machines on western front. 

Feb. 24 — London despatch says Bolshevik leaders have 
accepted German peace conditions. Premier Lcnine 
declares Russian Army is demoralized and refuses 
to fight. 

— More troops are sent to Ireland, west and south, to 
repress outbreaks. 

Feb. 2.5 — In speech to Reichstag Count von Hertling 
intimates a partial agreement with the four principles 
of peace enunciated by President Wilson, with res- 
ervation that the principles must be recognized by 
all states and peoples. 

— A rationing system goes into effect for meat and but- 
ter in London and adjoining districts. 

Feb. 2f) — Roumania decides to make peace with Cen- 
tral Powers. 

— Madrid reports sinking of Spanish steamship Neguri 
by German submarine. 

— The British hospital ship Glenart Castle torpedoed 
in Bristol Channel ; Red Cross doctors, nurses and 
orderlies lost ; ;i4 saved out of 200 on board. 

— British Air Ministry reports Royal Flying Corps on 
western front Feb. 1.5 to 22, brought down 75 enemy 
planes, drove 120 out of control ; 28 Allied machines 
missing. 

■ — German airmen drop bombs on Venice in night raid, 
the Royal Palace is struck and three churches dam- 
aged, 1 person killed, 1.5 wounded. 

Feb. 27 — Japan proposes joint inilitary operations with 
Allies in Siberia to save military and other supplies. 

— Mr. Balfour, British Foreign Secretary, says in 
House of Commons he is unable to find any basis 
for peace in Chancellor von Hertling's speech. 

— British steamship Tiberia sunk by submarine; crew 
saved. 

— London reports losses by mines or submarines for 
past week, 18 British merchantmen, 14 over 1,400 
tons ; 7 fishing vessels. In previous week, 15, 12 over 
1,600 tons. Week preceding that, 19, 13 over 1,600 
tons. 

March 1 — Gens. Kaledine and Korniloff defeated by 
Bolsheviki near Rostof-on-Don. 

— British armed mercantile cruiser Calgarian torpedoed 
and sunk off the Irish coast, with loss of 2 officers, 
46 men. 

— Germans reach Dnieper River, 400 miles south of 
Petrograd, 280 miles north of Kieff. 

— German torpedo boat and two mine sweepers sunk 
by mines off Vlieland Island. 



—Major Gen. Peyton C. March, United States Chief 
of Staff, arrives at New York from France. 

— United States war cost for February $1,002,878,608 
(loans to Allies, $325,000,000). 

March 2 — Kieff, held by Bolsheviki since Feb. 8, oc- 
cupied by German and Ukrainian troops. 

March .3 — By treaty of peace with four Central Pow- 
ers signed at Brest-Litovsk. Bolsheviki agree to evac- 
uate L'krania, Esthonia, and Livonia, Finland, the 
Aland Islands and Trans-Caucasian districts of Eri- 
van, Kars and Batum. 

— Sweden protests against German occupation of Fin- 
land. 

— Germans claim to have captured in Russian advance 
6,800 officers, 57,000 men, 2,400 guns, 5,000 machine 
guns. 800 locomotives and thousands of motor vehi- 
cles and trucks. 

March 4 — Germany and Finland sign treaty. 

— British, French and Italian Ambassadors in Tokio 
ask Japan to safeguard Allied interests in Siberia. 

— Norwegian steamship Havna (1,150 tons) torpedoed 
by German submarine without warning; 9 die from 
exposure. 

— Washington announces building of $35,000,000 ord- 
nance base in France. 

March 5 — In Lorraine sector United States troops of 
"Rainbow Division" (New York City) repel Gennan 
raid and take prisoners. 

— Roumania signs preliminary treaty with Central Pow- 
ers ; gives up Dobrudja to the Danube; agrees to 
certain economic measures and trade route to Black 
Sea. 

March 6 — United States troops hold 4% miles of battle 
front "somewhere in France." 

— British Admiralty reports for past week: 18 mer- 
chantmen sunk (12, 1,600 tons or over). 

— Capt. Sato Yamamoto, Japanese Naval Attache in 
Rome, arrives in New York City, reports 15 U boats 
destroyed in Mediterranean last month by United 
States, Japanese, British, French and Italian destroy- 
ers. 

March 7 — German airplanes raid London at night ; kill 
11, injure 46. 

— British Chancellor of Exchequer in House of Com- 
mons moves credit of $3,000,000,000, states that at 
end of March national debt will be $29,500,000,000; 
loans to Allies total $6,320,000,000. 

March 8 — In Ypres-Dixmude sector Germans attack 
on mile front ; English counter attack. 

— Spanish Cabinet resigns. 

March 9 — Germans advance north of Poelderhoek take 
200 yards of trenches ; British win back lost ground 
and repulse raid east of Neuve Chapelle. 

— On Lorraine front United States forces bombard and 
obliterate over a mile of German trenches. 

— United States casualty list shows; Killed in action, 
19 ; from gas, 2 ; in aero accidents, 2 ; auto accident, 
1 ; of disease, 13 ; severely wounded, 26 ; slightly 
wounded, 36. 

— Russian capital moves from Petrograd to Moscow. 

— British forces m Palestine advance about a mile and 
three-quarters on 12-miIe front. 

— Italian aircraft bombard enemy supply station near 
Oderzo. 

March 10 — United States War Department announces 
presence of Americans on Lorraine front, in Cham- 
pagne, in Alsace, near Luneville, and in Aisne sector. 

— British occupy Hit in Mesopotamia; Turks retire 
22 miles up the Euphrates to Khan Baghdadi; British 
airplanes bomb retreating Turks. 

— Guildford Castle, British hospital ship, torpedoed in 
English Channel ; no one lost. 

— British airmen bomb Daimler works at Stuttgart. 

March 11 — United States troops go over the top at 
Toul and return without loss. 



VII 



Mar. 11 — President Wilson sends message to Congress 
of Soviets, expresses sympathy with Russian people ; 
says United States will take every opportunity to se- 
cure for Russia complete sovereignty and independ- 
ence. 

— German air raid on Paris kills 29 ; 4 German machines 
are brought down by gun fire ; 15 German aviators 
killed or made prisoner. 

— In air fighting 10 German machines brought down 
on western front, 7 disabled, 2 British machines fail 
to return. 

— French airmen destroy 3 German aircraft, bring down 
3 bombing planes, disable 1. 

—In air raid on Naples 7 in hospital killed, 9 civilians 
wounded. 

March 12 — Three Zeppelins raid northeast coast of 
England. 

— In Toul sector United States artillery discover and 
blow to pieces German gas projectors, upsetting plans 
for gas attack. 

— Paris Court of Revision rejects Bole Pasha's appeal 
from death sentence. 

—German air ships attack Yorkshire coast; no casual- 
ties. 

— London announces release by German Government 
from special imprisonment of Aviators Lieuts. Scholtz 
and Woolsey. under threat of reprisal. 

-British air raid on Coblenz, Germany, kills 50. 

March 13 — German troops enter Odessa and control 
Black Sea: take 15 Russian warships. 

—Dr. Walter T. Scheele. indicted in New York in 1916 
for alleged placing of bombs on Allied ships in New 
York Harbor, arrested in Cuba and deported from 
Havana in custody of United States detectives. 

— London reports unarmed British schooner Nanny 
Wignall sunk by German submarine off Irish coast. 

— British flyers bomb munition works and barracks at 
Freyburg. Germany, and Bruges docks. 

— British Admiralty reports week's losses by mine or 
submarine: 18 merchantmen (15 of 1.600 tons or 
over) ; 1 fishing vessel. Arrivals, 2,046 : sailings, 
2,062 : merchantmen unsuccessfully attacked. S. 

— Richthofen, German aviator, achieved sixty-fifth vic- 
tory. 

— German aircraft raid London ; kill 1 man, 1 woman. 
3 children: injure 3 men, 1 woman, 5 children; 6 
houses destroyed ; 30 damaged. 

— German Government announces American property 
in Germany will be seized in reprisal for seizing of 
German property in United States. 

— Phelps Collins of Detroit, Mich., member of Lafayette 
Flying Corps, killed in air fight on French front. 

March 14 — Gen. Pershing's men make first permanent 
advance, occupy evacuated trenches northeast of Bad- 
onvillers. 

— David E. Putnam of Brookline, Mass., of Lafayette 
Escadrille, attacks 3 enemy airplanes, brings down 1, 
drives 2 to flight. 

— Copenhagen reports sinking of 2 Norwegian steam- 
ers, Skrymer (1,475 tons) and Estrella (1,757 tons). 

— Germans occupy Abo, on Finland coast, west of Hel- 
singfors. 

March 15 — German submarine sinks Danish steamship 
Randelsberg (1,551 tons) outside of German danger 
zone. 

— Allied airplanes bomb barracks, munition factories 
and railway station at Zweibriicken ; 12 enemy planes 
brought down ; no British machines missing. 

March 16 — French raid at Bethincourt Wood on 1,700 
yard front to depth of 900 yards; take 160 prisoners, 
including several officers. 

March 17 — Germans announce Entente airmen made 
23 attacks on German Rhine towns in February; 12 
persons killed; 36 injured: attacks made also on in- 
dustrial districts in Lorraine, Luxemburg, Saar and 
Moselle. 

— British airmen attack barracks and railwaj' station 
at Kaiserlautern, Bavaria. 



March IS — Great Britain and United States take over 
Dutch shipping in United States and British ports. 

— Belgians take over Flanders coast sector. 

March 19 — French troops penetrate German line near 
Rheims. Portuguese raid trenches east of Neuve 
Chapelle, take prisoners and guns. German raids 
near Fleurbaix and Bois Grenier repulsed. Ger- 
man forces continue advance in Russia, ignoring arm- 
istice. The Parliamentary Secretary of War reports 
in British House of Commons that since October, 
1917, British airmen have made 38 raids into German 
territory, dropping 48 tons of bombs. London de- 
spatch says German lost in air fighting: in January, 
292 planes; in February, 273; in 17 days of March, 
278. 

• — United States Expeditionary Force casualties to date : 
Killed in action, 154 ; killed or prisoner, 1 ; by acci- 
dent, 145 ; disease, 683 ; lost at sea, 237 ; suicide, 11 ; 
unknown causes, 14 ; of wounds, 37 ; executed, 1 ; 
civilians, 7 ; gassed, 6 ; total deaths, 1,296 ; wounded, 
544 ; captured, 21 ; missing, 14. 

— United States destroyer Manley collides with British 
warship in European waters ; depth bomb explodes, 
kills Lieut. Commander Richard M. Elliott, Jr., and 
15 enlisted men; Manley reaches port. 

— Royal Mail steamer Amazon and Norwegian steam- 
ship Stolt-Neilson, commandeered b\' the British, are 
sunk by submarine. 

March 20 — To reduce coal consumption President Stan- 
ley of Board of Trade announces in House of Com- 
mons coal rationing rules — no cooking between 9 :30 
P. M. and 5 A .M. ; no illumination of shop windows ; 
no performances after 10.30. etc. 

— French repulse German attacks off Arracourt, in Lor- 
raine and raids northeast of Reinsand, in Souain 
sector. 

— L^nited States guns shell village of Lahayville, causing 
explosions. 

— Northwest of Toul airplane drops balls of liquefied 
mustard gas on LTnited States line. 

— British airmen destroy 28 German machines; 12 of 
their own missing. 

— Steamship Sterling, with cargo of grain for Switzer- 
land, sunk by collision. 

— Norwegian sailing vessel Carla sunk by submarine; 
captain killed and crew lost. 

March 21 — Beginning of "Big Drive" on 50-mile front, 
from Arras to La Fere. On Luneville sector United 
States artillery fire destroys first and second line po- 
sitions. Canadians make gas attack between Lens 
and Hill 70. British monitors bombard Ostend. In 
Palestine British take Elowsallebeh. German long 
range gun bombards Paris. 

March 22 — Correspondents at the front report 40 Ger- 
man divisions (about 500,000 men) engaged and great- 
est concentration of artillery in world's history ; Ger- 
mans had 1,000 guns in one small sector (1 for every 
12 yards). 

—Secretary of War Baker calls on King Albert of 
Belgium at the front. 

— Brussels fined $500,000 by Germany for recent anti- 
Flemish agitation. 

— German Reichstag adopts war credit of $3,750,000,000. 

March 23 — Germans break British front near Monchy. 
Cambrai, St. Quentin and La Fere, pierced second 
line, between Fontaine-les-Croisilles and Moeuvrcs. 

— British evacuate positions in bend southwest of Cam- 
brai ; Germans pierce third British line between Omig- 
non stream and the Somme. 

■ — Berlin announces first stage of battle ended, claims 
capture of 25,000 prisoners, 400 field guns, 300 ma- 
chine guns. 

• — British airplanes raid factories at Mannheim. 

— Paris is bombarded by long range "fat Bertha" guns 
from distance of 75 miles ; 10 killed ; 15 wounded. 

—Gen. Zupelli succeeds Gen. Aldieri as Italian War 
Minister. 



\ni 



Mar. 23 — Secretary of War Baker guest of Ambassador 

Page in London. 
March 24 — Germans drive British back across the 
Somme and repulse French and United States re- 
inforcements ; capture Peronne, Chauny and Ham, in 
Forest of St. Gobain. 
- — Paris is again shelled by "fat Bertha" gun. 
• — British airmen bomb Cologne and Metz. 
— Finlanders report that German transport Frankland 
struck a mine and sank at Noorland, the entire crew, 
Admiral von Meyer and soldiers all lost. 
March 21 to 24 — British airmen bring down 215 enemy 
machines, losing 31 ; naval airmen bring down 17, 
losing 1. 
March 2.5 — The Germans take Bapaume, Nesle, Guis- 
card, Biabats, Barleux and Etalon. The Mrench take 
over sector of British battle front south of St. Quen- 
tin and around Noyon. French are forced back, but 
inflict heavy losses in retiring; British counter attack 
fails. Allied forces lose 45,000 men; 600 guns. 
—United States artillery shell St. Baussant and billets 
north of Boquetan, opposite Toul sector, with gas. 
— London announces United States steamship Chatta- 
hoochie (5,088 tons) sunk off English coast; crew of 
74 saved. Long range bombardment of Paris re- 
sumed. British positions in Palestine extended 9 
miles toward Es Salt. Secretary of War Baker pre- 
sented to King George at Buckingham Palace. 
March 26 — Battle continues on whole front south of 
Somme ; Germans are checked west of Roye and 
No3'on. South of Peronne Gen. von Hofacker crosses 
the Somme; takes heights of Maisonette and villages 
of Biache and Belleaux ; Etalon is taken from the 
French and English. In Toul sector United States 
troops drive Germans out of Richecourt. British re- 
treat on a wide front ; Germans under von Below 
and von der Marwitz take Richecourt, Biefvillers, 
Grevillers, Tries and Miraumont, crossing the Ancre 
River. The British defeat Turks in Mesopotamia, 
capture 5,000 prisoners, 14 guns, 50 machine guns, 
stores of munitions and supplies. United States cas- 
ualty list to date: Dead 1,333; wounded, 706; cap- 
tured, 22 ; missing, 37. 
March 27 — Major Gen. Pershing offers all United States 

forces for service wherever needed. 

— Lloyd George appeals for .\merican reinforcements. 

- — The Germans gain foothold in Ablainville and in 

Albert; British recapture Morlincourt and Chipilly, 

and advance line to Proyart ; Germans make slight 

advance east of Montdidier ; are checked in regions 

of Lassigny and Noyon. 

— Odessa reported captured by Soviet and Ukrainian 

troops. 
— British Admiralty reports week's losses: 28 mer- 
chantmen (16 over 1,600 tons); 1 fishing vessel; 
French lose 1 over 1,600 tons ; Italy loses 3 over 1,500 
tons. 
March 28 — Heavy fighting along 55-mile front from the 
southeast of Somme to northeast of Arras. German 
drive checked ; in counter attacks French drive Ger- 
mans out of villages of Courtemanche, Nesle-St. 
Georges, and Assainvillers ; in some places from Gav- 
relle to Boyelles Germans make slight advances, take 
Montdidier and push line to Pierrepont. 
— British airmen bring down 24 German machines, dis- 
able 7, and 3 balloons ; bomb Bapaume, Bray and Pe- 
ronne ; 19 British machines are missing after aero 
fighting and 4 after night bombing. 
— French airmen (27th-28th) drop 18 tons projectiles 
in regions of Guiscard and Ham ; pursuit squadrons 
bring down 17 German planes and set fire to 2 cap- 
tive balloons. 
— Entire Turkish force in area of Hit, in Mesopotamia, 
is captured or destroyed; 3,000 prisoners taken (in- 
eluding German officers) ; 10 guns, 2,000 rifles, many 
machine guns, 600 animals. British forces cross the 
River Jordan. 



— A squad of police rounding up deserters in Quebec. 

Canada, is attacked by a crowd of citizens. 
March 29 — The French General, Ferdinand Foch, chos- 
en Commander in Chief of all Allied forces in France 
(British, French, American, Italian, Belgian and Port- 
uguese). 
—Ninth day of "Big Drive," which is halted; British 
are pressed back to a line running west of Hamel, 
Marcelcave and Dcnain : Franco-British troops hold 
line along Avre, and in front of Neuvillesur-Bernard, 
Mezieres, Marcelcave and Hamel. 
— Germans claim to have taken 70,000 prisoners and 
1,100 guns. British bring down 9 hostile airplanes; 
drive 3 out of control. Two British machines miss- 
ing. 
— The German long range gun kills 75 worshippers at 
Good Friday services in a Paris church and wounds 
90. 
— The President orders temporary suspension of food 
shipment, except for military supplies, and concentra- 
tion on sending of troops. 
^March 30 — Fighting is resumed on 70 miles of front. 
British hold their position. The French report severe 
fighting on 40-mile front, Moreuil to Lassigny; vil- 
lages in region of Orvillers, Plemont and Plessier de 
Rove change Iiands several times; Germans claim 
progress between the Somme and th? Oise. They 
capture Beaucourt and Mezieres. 
— Long range gun again bombards Paris, killing S (4 

women) ; wounding 37 (9 women, 7 children). 
— During the week German submarines sink 3 Italian 
steamships, of more than 1,500 tons; 10 small sailing 
vessels. _ ,. 

March 31 — British regain village of Denain ; Canadian 

cavalry and infantry recapture Moreuil. 
—Since British flying corps arrived in Italy it has 
brought down 83 Austrian and German planes and lost 
10. 
— The Germans continue to advance in the Ukraine, 

Capture Poltava and set it on fire. 
— British steamship Conargo is torpedoed in the Irish 
Sea and a Greek steamship is sunk by gun fire; 50 
men are missing from the two. 
— Danish steamship Indian is sunk by a German sub- 
marine about 130 miles north of Azores; captain and 
28 officers and men lost ; 9 saved. 
March 31 and April 1— Allied aero squadron throw 
13 tons of bombs on railways and cantonments at 
Ham, Chauny and Noyon. 
April 1— On western front Allies hold their ground, 
and at some points advance ; recapture Hangard-en- 
Santerre. Germans capture heights north of Moreuil. 
— In Mesopotamia British advance 73 miles beyond 

Anah and threaten Aleppo. 
— French estimate German losses during 11-day of- 
fensive at 375.000 to 300,000. 
— Long distance bombardment of Paris continued ; 4 

killed; 9 injured. 
— British Admiralty announces loss of Tithonus by sub- 
marine, with 4 of crew. 
— In draft riot in Quebec 4 civilians are killed and a 

number of soldiers wounded. 
— In London no hot meals are served between 9 :30 
P. M. and 5 A. M.. ; and theatres close at 10 :30 P. M. 
April 2 — Between the Avre and the Luce the Allies 
captured 50 prisoners and 13 machine guns ; near 
Hebuterne, 73 prisoners, 3 machine guns ; prisoners 
are also taken at Ban-de-Sapt and in raid on Colonne 
trench. United States troops on Meuse heights, south 
of Verdun, are attacked with gas and high explosive 
shells. Gen. Pershing reports United States casual- 
ties: Killed by accident, 1; of disease, 4; wounds, 2; 
various causes, 2 ; wounded, 13 ; total killed in action, 
183 ; killed or prisoners, 1 ; by accident, 164 ; disease, 
793 ; lost at sea, 237 ; died of wounds, 52 ; various 
causes, 39. A Turkish Army begins occupation of 
Batum, Kars and Ardahan, districts in the Caucasus. 
German prisoners report the bursting of one of the 



long range guns bombarding Paris, killing 5 of the 
gun crew. Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Foreign 
Minister, discusses the 14 points laid down bv Presi- 
dent Wilson in Feb. 11 address, approves of tliem as a 
basis of peace, but doubts if Allies will accept them 

April 3— Ayette is taken by the Allies; 11)2 prisoners 
captured, including 6 officers. British raid northeast 
of Loos and Poelcapelle. 

April 3 — British airmen down 9 German machines, drive 
3 out of control, destroy 1 balloon, losing 5. British 
Admirally reports losses for past week: i3 merchant- 
men over 1,600 tons; 5 fishing vessels; arrivals 2 416- 
sailings, 2,379. 

—White Guards capture eastern part of Tammcrfors, 
Finland, and 1,000 prisoners. 

—War Council at Washington, D. C, announces that 
all available shipping will be used to rush troops to 
France. 

—40,000 German troops land at Hango, Finland. 

—Capt. James Byford McCudden, British airman, age 
23, wins tlic Victoria Cross. Has been awarded Dis- 
tmguished Service Order, Croix de Guerre, Military 
Cross and Military Medal; has encountered 54 enemy 
planes. 

April 4— King Albert confers upon Gen. Pershing Bel- 
gmn Grand Cross of Order of Leopold. 

—Kaiser Wilhelm confers upon Baron von Richthofen 
Order of Red Eagle with Crown and Swords for 75 
victories. 

—Ten German attacks at junction of French and Brit- 
ish Armies on the Somme ; German forces make 
slight advance, occupying villages of Maillv, Raineval 
and Moriscl. 

— United States troops now occupy Meuse Iicights, south 
of Verdun. 

—Amsterdam despatch savs Allied raid on Coblen? 
killed 26, wounded 100; that on Treves killed RO, and 
on Cologne struck a troop train. 

—Moscow despatch reports Erzerum captured bv Ar- 
menians from Turks. 
April 5 — French improve position in region of Mailly. 
Raineval and Morisel and in ' Cantigny ; Germans 
occupy village of Dernacourt, reach .Albert-Amiens 
railway, but are driven back. 

— Germans claim to have taken between March 21 and 
29, 51,218 prisoners; total up to present, 90,000; 
1,300 guns; the Allies deny these figures. 

— Japanese and British forces land at Vladivostok. 

— Cunard Line freighter Valeria (5,865 tons) reported 
torpedoed. 

—United States Army at end of the first year of the 
war totals more than 1,500,000 men. 

April 6— Germans strike east and south of Chauny, gain 
foothold at Abbecourt, and Barisis; suflfer severe 
losses ; take Pierremande and Folcmbray. 

—The Belgian relief ship Ministre de Smet de Naeyer 
(2,712 tons) is sunk by a mine in the North Sea;" 12 
drowned ; 17 saved. 

— The President at Liberty Loan meeting in Baltimore 
condemns German treaties forced on Russia and Rou- 
mania and says Germany's challenge will be met with 
"force to the utmost." 

^Long distance bombardment of Paris. 

April 7— British retake Aveluy Wood and repel attack 
opposite Albert and south of Hebuterne; the suburbs 
of Chauny and French and British positions near 
Amigny are taken by German forces under Gen. von 
Boehn, with 1,400 prisoners. 

— Germans bombard Rheims. 

—United States troops in Toul sector repel two Ger- 
man raids. Turks take .\rdahan from Armenians; 
Constantinople reports Turkish troops advancing over 
wide area in the Caucasus. 

April 8— Germans drive French back to the west bank 
of Ailette, take Verneuil and heights east of Coucy-Ie- 
Chateau. British make sliglit advance on south bank 
of Somme; lines around Bucquov are heavily shelled. 

—Belgian relief ship Flanders sunk by mine. 



— Germany sends ultimatum, demanding the removal 
or disarmament of all Russian warsliips in Finnish 
waters by April 12. 
— Brig. Gen. C. C. Williams ordered to Washington to 
relieve Brig. Gen. Charles B. Wheeler, who goes to 
France as ordnance officer with Gen. Pershing. 
April 9 — Germans drive in line held by British and 
Portuguese iVz miles on 11-mile front, from Givenchy 
to La Bassee capture Richebourg-St. Vaast and La- 
ventie; British repel attacks at Givenchy and Fleur- 
baix. 
— Man-Power Bill, including a provision for conscrip- 
tion in Ireland, is introduced in the House of Com- 
mons. 
April 10 — Germans cross the Lys between Armcntieres 
and Estaires ; British are forced back north and south 
of Armentieres ; French repulse Germans in Hangard. 
April 10 — British and Portuguese, on line from La 
Bassee Canal to .'\rmentitres, are forced back si.x 
miles; at Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, British re- 
tire 2 miles. In counter attack on Givenchy, British 
take 750 prisoners. 
— The village of Hangard changes hands several times, 
remaining with the French, who penetrate line north- 
west of Rheims and bring back prisoners. 
— The Germans claim to have taken 6,000 prisoners and 

100 guns. 
— Secretary Daniels says 1,275 vessels (1,055,116 tons) 
were added to the navy in the first year of the war. 
— German troops at Limburg, Prussia, mutiny, killing 

3 officers. 
— Russian Commerce Commissioner says treaty with 
Germany takes 300,000 square miles, with 56,000,000 
inhabitants (32% of Russia's entire population, be- 
sides one-third of her railways, 73% of her iron, 
89% of her coal). 
— Brig. Gen. Frederick E. Resche, German born, of 
Minnesota, in command 34th National Guard, Camp 
Cody, N. M., is discharged from the service for fail- 
ing to maintain his command on efficient footing. 
April 11 — Germans attack British from La Bassee to 
Ypres-Comines Canal and push them back 6 miles on 
north end of battle front at Estaires and Steenwerck. 
British troops retire from Armentieres, which is full 
of gas. 
■ — British troops continue advance in Palestine. 
— A shot from German long range gun strikes found- 
ling a.sylum in Paris; kills 4; wounds 21. 
— United States steamship Lake Moor (4,500 tons) is 
sunk by German submarine ; 5 officers, 40 men miss- 
ing. 
— British in Palestine advance a mile and a half on 5- 

mile front, take villages of El-Kefr and Rafat. 
— German squadron, with several transports, arrives at 

Lovisa. 
— Paris despatch states that in an official note a letter 
of Charles of Austria, written to his brother-in-law 
Prince Sixtus de Bourbon, is made public, in which 
the Emperor acknowledges the just claims of France 
to .Alsace-Lorraine, ofifers to support France's claim 
anc c.eclares Belgium to be re-established and retain 
her African possessions. Vienna despatch states that 
in an official telegram to the Kaiser the Emperor de- 
clares M. Clemenceau is "piling up lies," and assures 
the German Emperor he repels the assertion that he 
recognizes France's claim to Alsace-Lorraine. 
April 12 — Field Marshal Haig issues a special order 
of the day, "All positions must be held to the last 
man." Germans sweep the British and Portuguese 
from the line of the River Lys ; they claim to have 
captured 20,000 prisoners and 200 guns. Germans at- 
tack near Ploegsteert ; force the British from Neuve 
Eglise. Germans capture British garrison at Armen- 
tieres (50 officers, 1 British and 1 Portuguese Gen- 
eral, 3,000 men, 45 cannon, many machine guns and 
a quantity of ammunition). United States troops aid 
in the repulse of attack in Toul sector and take 22 
prisoners. Germans continue to bombard Rheims. 



— Germans make air raid on east coast of England. 
French airplanes down 8 of enemy, damage 23 ; also 
bomb railway stations at Jiissy, Roye, St. Quentin, 
Nesle, Ham. Guiscard and Noyon. British airplanes 
bomb and sweep with machine gun fire roads packed 
with enemy troops; in air engagements bring down 
40 German macliines; drive 20 out of control; 12 Brit- 
ish machines fail to return. German air raid on Paris 
kills 26, wounds 72; on London, kills S, injures 15. 
The House of Commons passes the Man Power Bill, 
containing Irish conscription clause. British Govern- 
ment Committee of inquiry reports brutal treatment 
of prisoners of war by Germans. The Irish Conven- 
tion presents a divided report to the British Govern 
ment ; proposes Irish Parliament of 2 houses, the Na- 
tionalists offer 40% of membership to Unionists ; to 
this the Ulster Unionists would not agree. 

April 13 — Germans capture Rossi.gnol, advance to bor- 
der of Nieppe Wood ; take 400 prinoners. French 
hold Hangard against repeated counter attacks and 
repulse German raids between the Ailette and the 
Aisne. 

— British hold line against massed attack from .^rmen- 
tieres to Hazebrouck ; Germans driven out of Neuve 
Eglise, leaving prisoners, including a battalion com- 
mander. 

— German troops occupy Helsingfors, Finland. 

— Amsterdam despatch states that an official statement 
issued by Count Czernin declares that Emperor 
Charles' letter published by the French was falsified. 
Emperor William thanks Emperor Charles for his 
telegram repudiating the statement of Premier Clem- 
enceau. 

— The British and French Governments a.gree to confer 
on Gen. Foch title of Commander in Chief of Allied 
.'\rmies in France. 

• — Navy department announces United States steamship 
Cyclops, with 293 on board, not lieard from since 
March 4. 

— German troops take Hyving; Finnish White Guards 
take Bjorneborg. 

April IS — "Fat Bertha" (long range gun) bombards 
Paris; kills 13; wounds 45. 

■ — British sink 10 German trawlers. 

— Turks recapture Batum, Russian Black Sea port in 
the Caucasus. 

— Lieut. Fonck, French aviator, brings down his 34th 
German airplane. 

— Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Minister, resigns. 

April 16 — United States casualty list to date : killed, 
472; died of wounds, S3; b accident, 190; of disease, 
903 ; other causes, 45 ; missing, 83 ; slightlv wounded, 
1,827. 

— Bolo Pasha, convicted in France of treason, executed. 

^In France men of 19 years are called for training. 

— Red Guards evacuate Abo. 

April 17 — British line on western front holds against 
repeated attacks ; Gen. von Arnim's forces take Poel- 
capelle, Langemarck and Zonnebeke. The Germans 
claim to have taken in the last few days 2,500 pris- 
oners. 

— "Big Bertha" kills 9 women and 2 men in Paris. 

— London reports Greek and British troops have crossed 
the Struma, on the Macedonian front, and occupy 7 
towns. 

— United States steamship Florence H. (5,500 tons) 
blown up by internal explosion while in French port. 
34 of crew of 75 saved. 

^Baron Burian appointed to succeed Count Czernin ; 
Hungarian Cabinet (Premier, Dr. Wekerle) resigns. 

— British losses by mine or submarine for the week: 
15 merchantmen (11 over 1,600 tons); 1 fishing ves- 
sel; 12 unsuccessfully attacked. Arrivals, 2,211; sail- 
ings, 2,456. 

— Viscount Milner succeeds Lord Derby as British Sec- 
retary of War ; Lord Derby appointed Ambassador to 
France, succeeding Lord Bertie. House of Lords 
•passes Man Power Bill. 



,\pril IS — West of La Bassee and Givcnchy 10 Ger- 
man divisions (about 125,000 men) attack British 
on 10-mile front. British hold line and take 200 pris- 
oners. The French extend their line to outskirts of 
Castel ; carry heights west of the Avre ; take 500 pris- 
oners ; 15 officers; several machine guns. Man Power 
Bill becomes law in England. All parties in Ireland 
oppose conscription; Sir Edward Carson appeals to 
his friends not to lake any action likely to impede 
victory, even if it entails Home Rule. 

April 18-19 — Fifteen French airplanes drop tons of 
projectiles on German bivouacs in the region of Ham, 
Guiscard and Noyon. 

April 19 — French claim to have taken 650 prisoners, in- 
cluding 20 officers. Germans claim 1,600 taken in 
fighting near Festubert and Givenchy. 

— United States and French troops raid German line 
on the Meuse, but find the German trenches deserted. 

—German torpedo craft bombard .Allied camp and stor- 
age places on coast between Dunkirk and Nieuport. 

— Premier Orlando announces the Italian Army forms 
right wing of United Allied army in France. 

— Long range bombardment of Paris resumed. 

April 19-20— Seventy French planes bomb stations at 
St. Quentin and railways near Jussy; 7 planes bomb 
stations at Montcornet, Asfeld and Hirson. 

April 20— Germany, through the Swiss Minister, de- 
mands release of Lieut, von Rintelen in exchange 
for Siegfried Paul London, under sentence in Warsaw 
as a spv, threatening reprisals on the .Americans in 
Germanv, if demand is not complied with. United 
States threatens counter reprisals. 
April 21— The Germans claim tod have taken 183 men, 
including 5 officers and 25 machine guns; Gen. Persh- 
ing estimates German losses at 300 to 500. 
Paris reports that since long range bombardment be- 
gan, March 23, it has killed 118 and injured 230 (2 
davs' reports missing). 
—British airplanes drop 12 tons of bombs on Menm, 
\rmentieres and the Thourotte railroad junction, 
down 6 German machines, disable 3. Large fires are 
caused at Chaulnes, Juniville and Bethenville ; 3 Brit- 
ish machines fail to return. 
—British and French troops land at Murmansk on 
northern coast of Kola Peninsula, Arctic Ocean, to 
guard against attacks by Finnish White Guards. 
Russian Red Guards are co-operating. 
—Armenians capture Van, in Turkish Armenia. 
—Guatemala National Assembly declares war with Ger- 
many. 
April 22— Baron von Richtliofen, the leader of the Ger- 
man flyers, with 80 victories to his credit, is brought 
down behind the British lines and buried with mili- 
tary honors. 
— Bonar Law presents the budget in the House of 

Commons, calling for $14,860,000,000. 
April 23— Major Raoul Lufbery destroys his 18th Ger- 
man plane and Lieut. P. F. Baer of Mobile, Ala., his 
5th. 
—United States casualties in France to date: Killed in 
action, 513; died of wounds, 104; of disease, 924; from 
accident, 192; other causes, 93; severely wounded, 
419; slightly, 1,592; missing, 86. 
April 22-23— German destroyer and submarine base at 
Zeebrugge blockaded bv the sinking of two old cruis- 
ers loaded with cement. The British cruiser Vindic- 
tive runs the gauntlet of mines, submarines and 
heavy gunfire, lands sailors and machine guns and 
distracts attention during operations. A similar en- 
terprise attempted at Ostend was not successful, the 
British blockading ships grounding and blowing up. 
British losses at Zeebrugge and Ostend : Killed, of- 
ficers 16, men 144, officers died of wounds 3. missing 
2, wounded 29, men died of wounds 25, missing 14, 
wounded 355. 

XI 



April 24 — Germans attack the whole front south of the 
Somme, but are repulsed ; in later attacks gain Vil- 
lers-Bretonneux, east of Robecq. British retain their 
line. The Germans gain a footing in the outskirts 
of Hangard ; are checked at Hailles and Senecat 
Wood; capture Viengelhoek Hill, and take French 
prisoners. Check Allied advance northwest of Beth- 
une. 

—British Admiralty announces it will discontinue is- 
suing weekly bulletin of losses and substitute monthly 
ones. It reports losses in tonnage since beginning 
of 1917, for quarter ending March. British, 018,840 ; 
Allied and neutral, 1.619,373; ending June. British, 
1,361,370; Allied and neutral, 2,236,934; ending Sep- 
tember, British, 9.53,938; Allied and neutral, 1,494,473; 
ending December, British, 782,880 ; Allied and neutral, 
1,272,843; ending March, 1918, British, 687,576; Al- 
lied and neutral, 1,123,510. 

April 25 — Germans assault from Wytschaete to Bailleul ; 
in Lys salient, French and British lose ground. Ger- 
mans capture Hangard. 

— British sloop Cowslip torpedoed ; 5 officers, 1 man 
missing. 

— French fight their way into Hangard. 

— Gen. von Risberg, Speaker in German Reichstag, 
states that on March 24 the Germans missing totalled 
664,104; 236,676 were prisoners in France; 119,000 in 
England; 157,000 in Russia and Roumania; the rest 
probably dead. 

April 27 — The French win back ground near Kemmel 
and recapture Locre. 

— The British capture Kirfa, in Mesopotamia, and 40 
prisoners ; the Turks retreat to Kirkuk, are over- 
taken by British cavalry, who kill more than 100 and 
take 538 prisoners. 

■ — British Air Ministry announces that during March 
British airmen dropped over the enemy air lines in 
France 23,099 bombs by day and 13,080 by night. 
Germans in area occupied bv British, 517 by day and 
1.948 by night. 

— Tlie French Government decrees 3 meatless days a 
week, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. 

April 28— The loss of Kemmel Heights forces British 
to retire. Locre changes hands 5 times ; Germans 
get footing there, but are driven from Voormezeele. 

— In Mesopotamia the British force the passage of 
the Aqsu. 

^The British liner Orissa (5,436 tons) torpedoed in 
English waters ; 57 Y. M. C. A. Americans are saved ; 
3 of crew are lost. 

—Dr. Sidonio Paes elected President of Portuguese 
Republic. 

April 29 — British flyers drop 275 tons of bombs on 
enemv troops east of Locre. 

— In Mesopotamia, British capture Tuzhurniatli and 300 
prisoners. 

April 30 — British casualties during April : Killed or 
died of wounds, officers, 1,621 ; men, 7,723 ; wounded 
or missing, officers, 7,447; men, 35,864. 

May 1 — Legion made of the Czechs and Slavs join 
Italians to fight against Austria. 

— British troops advance a mile west of the River 
Jordan, in region of Mezrah; take 260 prisoners. 

— Sebastopol, Russian fortress in the Crimea, occupied 
by German troops. 

— Long range bombardment of Paris continues ; 3 wo- 
men injured. 

— At Versailles, Premiers Lloyd George. Clemenceau 
and Orlando, with representatives of France, Great 
Britain, Italy and the United States, meet in con- 
ference. 

— Gavrio Prinzip, Serbian assassin of the Austro-Hun- 
garian Archduke Francis Ferdinand, in July, 1914, 
died in an Austrian fortress. 

May 2 — Australian troops enter Es Salt, capture 33 
Germans, 317 Turks ; a detaclied brigade of horse ar- 
tillery loses 9 guns. 



— United States steamship Tyler sunk by submarine in 
the Mediterranean; 11 lives lost; British steamship 
Franklyn and two others are torpedoed in same at- 
tack. 

— British airmen drop 3% tons of bombs on Bapaume 
and other targets, bring down 14 hostile machines, 
disable 4, lose 5. Also drop 5% tons of bombs on 
Chaulnes, Juniville and at Caix, and on lock gates 
at Zeebrugge. 

— In Lower House of Prussian Diet Social Democrat 
motion to restore equal suffrage provision is de- 
feated. 

May 3 — French take important positions between 
Hailles and Castel ; French and British raid south of 
Arras and east of St. Denant. taking guns and pris- 
oners ; south of the Avre, Hill 82 and the wood bor- 
dering on the Avre are taken and over 100 prison- 
ers (4 officers) ; a German attack near Ailette is re- 
pulsed. 

— British airmen bomb Thionville railway station and 
Carlshuttle work. 

— United States makes an agreement with Norway 
for exchange and restrictions of exports to enemy. 

May 4 — Italian airship drops a ton of explosives on 
aviation ground at Campo Maggiore. 

— British mission to United States estimated British 
casualties in Picardy since March 21 approximate 
250,000 killed, wounded or missing. 

^Field Marshal Lord French named Lord Lieutenant 
of Ireland. 

— British airmen drop more than 20 tons of bombs on 
Chaulnes, Tournai and La Bassee railway stations 
and on Estaires, Marcelcave, Memeo, Comines and 
Middelkerke; bring down 28 German machines; dis- 
able 5; anti-aircraft guns shoot down 3; 11 British 
machines are missing. 

May 5 — British repulse German attack near Hinges, 
on western front, and improve line at Sally-le-Sec 
and east of Hebuterne. 

May 6 — British down 6 hostile machines, losing 1. At 
night British airmen drop 100 bombs in neighborhood 
of Bapaume, 1 British machine fails to return 

— Treaty of peace is signed at Bucharest by repre- 
sentatives of Roumania and the four Central Pow- 
ers. 

■ — Major Gen. Sir Frederick B. Maurice, recently Di- 
rector of British Military Operations, accuses Premier 
Lloyd George and Chancellor Bonar Law of mis- 
stating army strength. 

May 7 — Germans south of Brimant cross Aisne Canal 
and return with prisoners. 

May 7 — Australians succeed in reaching German lines 
on both sides of Corbie-Bray road, but are driven 
back. 

— Nicaraguan Congress declares war on Germany and 
her allies. 

— Lhiited States casualties to date: Killed in action 
(including 227 lost at sea), 643; died of wounds, 134; 
of disease, 1,005; accident, 220; from other causes, 51; 
severely wounded, 413 ; slightly wounded, 2,492 ; miss- 
ing in action and prisoners, 122. 

May 9 — France reports officially Allied tonnage lost 
by submarines during April, 381.631. 

— In vote, on motion made by Mr. Asquith, who in- 
vestigated Gen. Maurice's charges, British House of 
Commons sustains Lloyd George. 

May 10 — The trenches northwest of Albert, taken by 
the Germans, are recaptured; the French capture 
Grivesnes and 258 prisoners. 

— Italians capture Monte Corno ; take 100 prisoners. 

— The British sink a block ship across entrance to Os- 
tend. 

— The Sant' Anna, Italian transport, is sunk ; 638 sol- 
diers and workmen lost. 

— The hearing in Bonnet Rouge case, Paris, completed. 



May 11 — British raid west of Merville, take prisoners 
and machine guns; German raids east of Ypres and 
near Neuville are repulsed ; Germans attack French 
in the Bois la Ceuvre ; gain a footing and are driven 
out, leaving 100 prisoners and 15 machine guns ; 
French raid southeast of Montdidier and northeast 
of Thioncourt. 

— United States artillery fire causes fires in the villages 
of Cantigny and St. Georges, held by the Germans. 

^German submarines are warned by wireless not to 
return to Ostend or Zeebrugge. 

^The Italians attack Col dell' Orso, destroying its 
Austrian garrison. 

— Major Gen. Maurice is placed on retired pay. 

May 10-11 — French bombing machines drop 7,000 kilos 
of explosives on railway stations and cantonments 
in region of Noyon, Chauny and Flevy-le-MartcI. 

— German air fighting echelon, formerly led by Baron 
von Richthofen, shoot down 19 Allied planes. 

May la — Berlin reports Allied aero losses on German 
front during April, airplanes, 271; captive balloons, 
15 ; admit loss of 123 planes and 14 captive balloons. 

^British anti-aircraft guns bring down 6 German ma- 
chines, disable 1 ; British airmen drop 12 tons of 
bombs on railway stations at Lille, Menin, Chaulnes, 
Peronne and docks at Bruges ; all machines returned. 

— German and Austrian Emperors meet and agree upon 
a close military alliance for 25 years. 

^Prussian Lower House rejects motion to restore to 
Franchise Reform Bill provision for equal manhood 
suffrage. 

— In April British airmen drop 6,033 bombs behind 
enemy line ; Germans drop 1,340 in area held by 
the British. 

— LTnited States casualty list to date: Killed in action, 
712 ; died of wounds, 172 ; of disease, accidents and 
other causes, 1,331 ; severely wounded, 486 ; slightly 
wounded, 2,752 ; missing in action and in prison, 215. 

— Germans bombard French lines at night north of 
Montdidier and between Montdidier and Noyon. 

— Germans bomb neighborhood of Dunkirk. 

— Italian naval forces enter Pola Harbor and sink an 
Austrian battleship. 

— German Emperor proclaims Lithuania as an inde- 
pendent state. 

May 15 — Mr. Duval, Director of Bonnet Rouge, is 
sentenced to death ; the other 6 defendants in court 
martial proceedings receive prison sentences of from 
2 to 10 years. 

— British Admiralty regulations, closing by mine fields 
approximately 22,000 square miles in northern part 
of North Sea, go into effect. 

May 16 — British raid Austrian positions at Canove ; 
Italian infantry enters Monte Asolone, kill or dis- 
perse the garrison. 

— German airmen attempting to raid Paris are driven 
off. 

— British airmen bomb Saarbriicken in German Lor- 
raine and destroy 5 enemy machines, losing 1. 

— Two German submarines sighted near Bermuda. 

May 17 — A large Russian transport, with 3,000 on 
board (many women and children), sunk by a Ger- 
man submarine; only a few hundred saved. 

^German division, near Dvinsk, Russia, mutinies, re- 
fusing to go to the Russian front. By order of the 
commander 50 are shot ; 1,000 held to await court 
martial. 

— Capt. Antonio Silvio Resnati, Italian aviator, killed 

while flying at an aviation field in New York. 
May 18 — British airmen raid Cologne by daylight. 
Drive 2 enemy planes out of control. 

— United States steamship William Rockefeller sunk 
by torpedo. 

— American Minister to China says Japanese and Chi- 
nese Governments have concluded a defensive alli- 
ance against Germany. 



— The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland announces pro-Ger- 
man plot in Ireland ; over 100 Sinn Fein leaders ar- 
rested and deported to England. 

May 19 — Australians capture ViUe-sur-Ancre, a mile 
from Morlancourt ; 360 prisoners, 20 machine guns ; 
German raids in Picardy and Lorraine are repelled 
by United States troops. 

— London despatches say that the Allied air raid on 
Cologne killed 14, injured 40. 

. — Musselman and Bolshevik forces battle at Baku, on 
Caspian Sea; 2,000 killed, 3,000 wounded. 

— German troops occupy Bjorko, an island in Gulf of 
Finland, 30 miles northwest of Petrograd. 

— Major Raoul Lufbery, American aviator, shot down 
by an enemy airplane over Toul. 

— France protests to Switzerland against recent com- 
mercial agreement with Germany and threatens to 
withhold shipments of coal. 

May 20 — On south bank of Ancre, British enter Ville- 
sur-Ancre. 

— United States cargo steamship J. G. McCullough is 
sunk by mine or torpedo in foreign waters. 

. — In German air raid on London British barrage brings 
down 4 Gothas; 1 falls into sea, 2 are lost; British 
casualties, 37 killed, 161 wounded. 

— German bombing squadrons destroy French munition 
depots near Blargies. 

— Swedish steamship New Sweden sunk by shell fire 
in Mediterranean ; its 200 passengers taken off. 

— Twenty German airplanes raid London ; kill 44, in- 
jure 179; 5 raiding planes destroyed. 

May 21 — United States casualties to date : Killed in 
action, 755 ; died of wounds, 194 ; from accident, dis- 
ease and other causes, 1,379 ; severely wounded, 595 ; 
slightly wounded 2,949 ; missing in action and pris- 
oners, 294. 

May 21-22 — British airplanes bomb Mannheim and de- 
stroy chlorine gas plant. 

May 22 — Thirty German airplanes raid Paris; kill 1, 
injure 12. 

— United States steamship Wakiva sunk, with loss of 
2, in collision in European waters. 

May 23 — British airmen drop 4 tons of bombs on elec- 
tric power station at Karusewald ; 11 tons on air- 
dromes and billets and docks at Bruges. 

— British transport Moldavia, on way to channel port, 
torpedoed and sunk off English coast; 56 United 
States soldiers killed by the explosion. 

— First sitting of Russo-Ukrainian Peace Conference ; 
Russian delegates recognize Ukraine as independent 
state. 

. — ^British airmen bomb enemy positions, causing 3 fires 
in Mannheim, on the Rhine. 

May 24 — British machines bomb Peronne, Fricourt and 
Bapaume and in Somme area, also railways and fac- 
tories at Norgunlangen, 12 miles north of Metz. 

— Steamer Inniscarra, bound from Fishguard to Cork, 
torpedoed and sunk ; 37 of crew missing. 

— Troops of German division at Dvinsk mutiny; 50 
executed ; 1,000 imprisoned. 

— Amsterdam despatch says Germans took 7 Russian 
battleships when they occupied Sebastopol. 

May 2.5 — Allies bomb billets near Armentieres and Mer- 
ville and ammunition dumps at Vesseneare and the 
Bruges docks. 

— The Hetty Dunn, Edna and Hauppauge, United States 
merchant ships, sunk by German submarine. 

— German superdreadnaught U boat, attacking United 
States transport, sunk by United States destroyers. 

May 25-June 14 — German submarines sink 19 ships off 
coasts of New Jersey, Delaware. Maryland and Vir- 
ginia. 

May 26 — During Allied raids over Liege, Longdoz rail- 
road station destroyed ; 26 killed. 
• — English transport Leasowe Castle (9,737 tons) sunk 
by submarine in Mediterranean; captain, 2 wireless 
operators, 6 of crew, 13 military officers, 79 men miss- 
ing. 



XIII 



May 26 — Italian troops break through Austro-German 
defensive at Capo Sile, on lower Piave front ; take 433 
prisoners. 

May 27 — Big drive begins on western front, Germans 
drive Allies across the Aisne-Marne Canal, take 
Cormicy, Cauroy and Loivre ; Germans attack British 
at Berry-au-Bac and the French by the Chemin-des- 
Dames ; Germans take Chemin-des-Dames Ridge ; 
near Dickebusch Lake, Germans penetrate French po- 
sitions, advance in Aisne Valley, reach Pont-Arcy. 

• — German infantry cross the Ailette, pierce British lines 
between Corbeuy and the Aisne. take Pinon, Chavig- 
nons, Fort Malmaison, Cotirtecou, Cerny, the Winter- 
berg and Craonne and the Villerberg. 

— Italians advance northwest of Prente, take 870 Ger- 
mans and 12 guns, capture summit of Monte Zignolon. 

— Lieut. Kiel, leading Austrian aviator, reported killed 
in action. 

May 28 — Germans advance in Aisne sector, cross the 
Vesle at two points, gain much territory, take numer- 
ous towns and villages; French and British retire 
steadily. Germans claim to have taken 15,000 pris- 
oners. 

— Counter attacks re-establish British line east of Dicke- 
busch Lake ; Germans attack French southeast of 
Soissons ; west of Montdidier L'nited States troops 
aided by British tanks, take village of Cantigny, and 
hold it against counter attacks. 

— Mr. Keronko, Bolshevik representative at Helsing- 
fors, expelled from Finland, and a pro-German cab- 
inet formed. 

May 29 — Germans take Soissons, with 25,000 prisoners, 
including 2 generals (1 British, 1 French), also town 
of Courcy, 5 miles from Rheims. 

— German airplane bombards Amiens. 

May 30 — Germans advance to within 2 miles of Rheims, 
German submarine sinks 12 Irish fishing vessels ; no 
lives lost. The Agawam, cargo ship, launched at 
Port Newark, N. J. ; first composite wood and steel 
ship. War Cloud, launched at Jacksonville, Fla. 

May 31 — German forces north of the Aisne advance to 
Nouvron and Fontenoy, but fail to cross the Marne. 
LInited States transport President Lincoln, returning, 
sunk by torpedo off the French coast ; loss, 28 out of 
715. 

June 1 — Germans attack on whole front between the 
Oise and the Marne, advance as far as Nouvron and 
Fontenoy ; attack on Fort de la Pompelle drives out 
French who counter attack, regain positions and take 
400 prisoners and 4 tanks ; Germans break through 
on both sides of the Ourcq River, reach heights of 
Neuilly and north of Chateau-Thierry. 

— British air squadron bombards Karlsruhe. 

• — British airmen bomb railway stations and junctions 
at Metz-Sablon, Karthaus and Thionville. 

June 2 — Germans reach outskirts of Forest of Retz, 
surrounding Villers-Cotterets, retake FaveroUes, but 
fail in attack on Courcy and Troesnes; French take 
Hill 153, recapture Champlat and gain ground in di- 
rection of Ville-en-Tardenois ; Germans take heights 
of Passy and Courchamps. German airmen bomb 
British Red Cross hospitals. The Texel sunk by sub- 
marine off Atlantic City, N. J. Schooner Edward 
H. Cole and another vessel sunk by submarine off 
New Jersey coast ; crew rescued by steamship Bris- 
tol. Schooner Jacob S. Haskell sunk by gunfire of 
submarine ; crew rescued, Herbert L. Piatt, Standard 
Oil Co. tank steamship, sunk by German submarine. 
Allied air raid on Cologne kills 146. 

June 3 — Southeast of Strazeele, British repulse raids, 
take 288 prisoners and anti-tank gun, 30 machine guns 
and several trench mortars. British airplanes bomb 
railway stations at St. Quentin, Douai and Luxem- 
burg. Italian airmen, on French front, bomb Noyon, 
Peronne, Rosieres and Nesle. Lord Lieutenant of 
Ireland issues proclamation staving conscription if 
50,000 volunteer by Oct. 1, and from 200,000 to 300,- 



000 monthly thereafter. Seventy years of penny post- 
age end in Great Britian, from today, 3 half pence 
(3c). 

June 4 — Between the Aisne and the Ourcq Germans 
capture village of Pernant and town of Neuilly-la- 
Poterie. 

— Now reported that ships sunk on June 2 off New 
Jersey coast were Edna (375 tons) Carolina (5,092 
tons), Herbert L. Pratt (5,372 tons), Winne Connie 
(1.869 tons), Edward H. Cole (1.791 tons). Jacob H. 
Haskell (1,778 tons), Isabelle H. Wiley (779 tons), 
Hattie Dunn (436 tons), Samuel W. Hathaway (1,- 
038 tons), Hauppauge (1,330 tons). 

— French and United States forces compel Germans 
to recross the Marne, leaving 100 prisoners. 

— German submarine attacks French steamship Radio- 
liene off Maryland coast ; is driven off by United 
States destroyer. 

— Norwegian steamship Eidsvold sunk by German sub- 
marine off Virginia Capes ; crew rescued. Bark At- 
tila and a schooner torpedoed on way from Gibraltar, 
British steamship Harpathian blown up off Virginia 
Capes. 

— United States Secretary of State, in reply to demand 
for release of von Rintelen, says this Government 
does not recognize principles of retaliation, refuses 
compliance and reminds Germany that there are many 
Germans in the L'nited States subject to counter re- 
prisals. 

June 5 — Norwegian steamship Vinland torpedoed off 
Virginia Capes. Lfnited States freight steamship Ar- 
gonaut torpedoed off Scilly Island. 

— Germans advance on south bank of Aisne, take Dom- 
miers ; United States troops penetrate enemy posi- 
tions in Picardy and Lorraine; French counter attack 
regains ground near Vingre, take 150 prisoners, drive 
Germans from around Chavigny F'arm and take 50 
prisoners. 

— British airmen bomb Metz-Sablon and railroad sid- 
ings at Thionville, Armentieres, and Rove stations 
and Zeebrugge seaplane base. 

— United States troops drive Germans from Neuilly 
Wood by bayonet charge. 

— British boarding vessel sunk by German submarine, 
7 sailors missing. 

June 6 — West of Chateau-Thierry United States troops 
drive Germans a mile on 2-mile front, take 270 pris- 
oners ; United States and French troops advance in 
region of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches; Ger- 
man attacks at (ihamplat, heights of Bligny, south- 
west of Ste. Euphraise and between the Marne and 
Rheims, are repulsed ; French take Le Port, west of 
Fontenoy and north of the Aisne, village of Vinly, 
and regain Hill 204. 

— Germans claim that since May 27 army group of 
Crown Prince has taken more than 55.000 prisoners 
(1,500 officers), 656 guns, 2,000 machine guns. 

— Gen. Pershing reports that on western front, between 
April 14 and May 31, Lieut. Douglas Campbell 
brought down 6 enemy airplanes, Capt. Peterson and 
Lieut. Rickenbacher each brought down 3. 

— United States Marines drive Germans 2^ miles, de- 
stroy nest of machine guns, capture village of Torcy 
and force way into Bouresches. 

— Holland hospital vessel Koningen-Regents sunk in 
North Sea ; a few lives lost. 

— Germans sent ultimatum to Russia, Russian Black 
Sea fleet must be returned to Sebastopol as condi- 
tion of cessation of advance on L'kraine front ; time 
limit set for June 14. 

June 7 — LTnited States and French troops take villages 
of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches and Bligny, be- 
tween the Marne and Rheims. and 200 prisoners. 

— Germans occupy Allied positions on banks of the 
Ancre and take 300 prisoners. 

— Germans claim to have taken 250 prisoners during 
French advance west of Kemmel. 

— Northwest of Thierry United States troops advance 
ly^ miles on 6-mile front. 



XIV 



June 8 — Artillery activity in neighborhood of Hangard- 
en-Santerre and south of Aisne, north of Albert and 
southeast of Arras. French advance to outskirts of 
Dummard, east of Chezy and north of Neuilly-la-Po- 
terie. 

— By attacks on the Marne, Franco-American troops 
put Germans on defensive ; United States forces, 
under Gen. Pershing, capture and hold Bouresches ; 
French recapture Locre Hospice. 

— 1,000 Czecho-Slovak troops reach Vladivostok. 

— Norwegian steamer Vindeggen sunk by German sub- 
marine off Cape Hatteras ; steamship Pinar del Rio 
destroyed by gunfire off Maryland coast, no lives lost. 

June 8 — United States Government announces about 
.'i.OOO Germans interned as enemy aliens ; 349 United 
States prisoners in Germany. 

June 9 — New German drive begins on 20-mile front 
between Montdidier and Noyon. Germans succeed 
in getting a foothold in villages of Ressons-sur-Matz 
and Mareuil, capture heights of Gury, are held on 
line of Rubescourt, Le Fretoy and Mortemer and on 
front comprising Belval, Cannectaucourt and Ville. 

— British airmen bomb region around Roye and fire 
3,000 rounds of ammunition at infantry. 

— British and French airmen bomb Nesle and Fresnoy- 
le-Roye. 

— British airplanes sink 3 Gerrn an submarines by drop- 
ping depth bombs. 

June 10 — United States Marines, northwest of Cha- 
teau-Thierry, in Belleau Wood, pierce German line 
two-thirds of a mile on fiOO-yard front. 

— The French retire 2 miles to line of Bailly and west 
of Nampcel. 

— Norwegian steamer Hendrik Lund sunk by German 
submarine off Cape Hatteras. 

— Austrian dreadnaught destroyed and a second dam- 
aged by Italian torpedo boat near Dalmatian Islands. 

— Long range bombardment of Paris resumed. 

— David Putnam, descendant of Israel Putnam, brings 
down his fifth German plane. 

— Germans capture villages of Mery, Belloy and St. 
Maur and gain a footing in Marqueglise. Courcelles, 
taken and retaken, remains with French. On centre 
Germans reach south edge of Cuvilly Wood and Res- 
sons-sur-Matz. French take nearly 1.000 prisoners. 
Germans take ridge east of Mery and break through 
fourth Allied position. Gen. von Schoelcr's forces 
cross the Matz, attack heights of Marqueglise and 
Vignemont and advance to Anthcuil. On the Oise 
Germans advance as far as Ribecourt. 

— Germans claim to have captured since May 37 up 
to 75,000 prisoners. 

June 11 — Allies in counter offensive advance on 7-mile 
front between Montdidier and Noyon, retake much 
ground ; take 1,000 prisoners. 

— French nearly reach Fretoy, take heights between 
Courcelles and Mortemer ; 'retake Belloy and Genlis 
Wood ; reach south outskirts of St. Maur : in centre 
drive Germans back beyond Loge Farm and Antheuil. 
South of Ourcq United States troops capture Belleau 
Wood and 300 prisoners. British advance in region 
of Morlancourt. % mile on 1% mile front; take 298 
prisoners (5 officers), 21 machine guns. Under Ger- 
man attacks, French withdraw to west bank of Oise. 

— United States casualties to date : Killed in action, 
1,072 ; died of wounds, 318 ; of disease, accident and 
other causes, 1,597; wounded in action, 4,190; missing, 
342. 

— Long distance shelling of Paris kills 2. wounds 9. 

— British Admiralty reports between June 6 and 9 (in- 
clusive), 10 air raids bombed Thourout, Zeebrugge 
lock gates, Brugeoise works, Bruges docks, Bruges 
Canal, Glustelles, Marialter and St. Denis-Westrem 
airdromes. 

June 12 — French advance in region of Belloy Wood and 
St. Maur; take 400 prisoners. Germans get foothold 
on the Matz, occupy Melicocq and adjoining heights 
and gain on plateau west of Dommieres and Cutry. 
French are thrown back on front from Le Ployron to 



Authiel. Germans clear Allied forces from west bank 
of the Oise. French are driven south as far as Tra- 
cy-le-Val. 

— United States troops complete seizure of Belleau 
Wood. 

— Final figures for eighth German War Loan (includ- 
ing army subscriptions) places total at $3,750,000,000. 

— London announces that German advance has prac- 
tically ceased. Germans claim to have taken since 
beginning of drive on June 9, 15,000 prisoners, 150 
guns ; they launch attack from Courcelles to north of 
Mery, between the Aisne and Forest of Villers-Cot- 
terets. Germans takes villages of Laversine ; are re- 
pulsed at most other points. French drive Germans 
back across the Matz and recapture Melicocq. Brit- 
ish aerial squadron bombs station at Treves and fac- 
tories and stations at Dillingen. Swedish steamship 
Dora (1,555 tons) sunk, losing 9 of her crew. 

June 14 — Germans attack French from Courcelles to 
Mery for 8 hours without gaining an inch. Between 
Soissons and Villers-Cotterets the Germans penetrate 
on both sides of the road. French troops recapture 
Coeuvres-de-Valsery, south of the Aisne. German 
drive west of the Oise is definitely halted. 

— Norwegian ships Samsa and Krings Jaa, both small, 
sunk by U-boat, 90 miles off Virginia Capes; no cas- 
ualties. 

— German forces advance in south Russia in force of 
10,000; Red Guards almost annihilated on shore of 
Sea of Azov. 

— Turks occupy Tabriz, second largest city in Persia ; 
United States consulate and missionary hospital 
looted. 

June 1.5 — French drive Germans from Coeuvres-et-Val- 
sery, south of the Aisne, and French improve position 
east of Montgobert ; take 130 prisoners, 10 ma- 
chine guns. North of Bethune, British take 196 pris- 
oners, 10 machine gmis. 

— Despatch from Lhiited States Army in France says 
LInited States forces have been occupying sectors on 
battle front in Alsace since May 21. 

— Rome despatch says Austria begins offensive on 90- 
mile front, from Asiago Plateau to the sea ; on Brit- 
ish right attacks fail. On left, Austrians pierce Brit- 
ish lines for 1,000 yards on 2,500-yard front. Prison- 
ers taken by British and Italians since beginning of 
fighting, 120 officers, 4,500 men. 

— Gen. March, L'nited States Chief of Staff, announces 
more than 800,000 LInited States troops in France. 

June Ifi — London reports abnormal quiet after 6 days 
of desperate fighting. In local actions French in re- 
gion of Veuilly take 70 German prisoners and a num- 
ber of machine guns. British raid southwest of Mer- 
ris, south of the Somme and near Hebuterne; take 
28 prisoners, several machine guns. 600 German 
shock troops attack village of Zivray, in Toul sector, 
held by Americans, and are repulsed without loss. 

— On Italian front Allies regain all ground lost in first 
Austrian rush, except a few places on Piave River. 
Italians reoccup}' original positions on Asolone and 
at Monte Solarola salient ; take 3,000 prisoners, in- 
cluding 89 officers. British also are back on original 
front line. Austrians claim to have crossed the Piave 
at numerous points and taken Allied positions on the 
Piave end on both sides of the OJerzo-Treviso Rail- 
road, and to have taken 0,000 prisoners. 

— British airmen bomli railways at Armentieres, Es- 
taires, Commines and Courtrai and docks of Bruges. 

— United States casualties since entering the war total 
8,085. 

— Exchange of 160,000 French and German prisoners 
of war begins through Switzerland. 

— Premier Orlando announces to Italian Chamber of 
Deputies that a peace offer of Emperor Charles, in- 
cluding proposed cession of territory, has been de- 
clined. 

June 17 — Gerinans make unsuccessful attempt to con- 
struct a foot bridge across the Marne. 

— Premier Radosladoff of Bulgaria resigns and is suc- 
ceeded by ex-Premier Malinoff. 



XV 



July 20 — French and Italians push back Germans from 
mountains of Rheims, beyond Pourcy, and recapture 
Marfaux. 

— The Scotch take the village of Meteras in a surprise 
daytime assault. 

— British airmen cross the Rhine, raid German cities and 
destroy 2 Zeppelins. 

— White Star Line steamship Justicia (32,234 tons) sunk 
by torpedo off the Irish coast; 11 of crew dead. 

July 21 — Chateau-Thierry occupied by the French. 
Franco-American fr/rces advance north of the town 
over 3 miles; storm Hill No. 193; advance 1 mile. 

— German submarine attacks and sinks tug and 4 barges 
off Cape Cod. 

— Dr. von Seydler, Austrian Premier, and Cabinet re- 
sign. 

July 22 — Fishing schooner is sunk by German sub- 
marine, 60 miles southeast of Cape Porpoise. 

— United States schooner Robert and Richard sunk by 
German submarine off Cape Ann ; none lost. 

■ — United States and French forces advance, occupy 
area on south between Soissons-Chatcau-Thierry road 
and the Ourcq. On the Marne, United States and 
French pursue fleeing Germans, who destroy villages 
and supplies. 

July 23 — On the west -Americans capture Buzancy and 
Jaulgonne on the Marne. French in centre take 
Oulchy. On the east British capture Petitchamp 
Wood, near Marfau.x. 

— French in Picardy capture heights of Mailly-Rain- 
dal, overlooking Valley of Avre. 

July 24 — French and United States troops, in Marne 
salient, converge from west and south on Fere-en- 
Tardcnois. Americans regain Epieds, north of 
Marne ; advance to Courpoil. British repulse attack 
at Vrigny. 

■ — Total German casualties since Gen. Foch's drive be- 
gan estimated at 180,000. 

— 'Several thousand British munition workers strike. 

^Japan agrees to all Ignited States proposals for joint 
action in Russia. 

— Franco-British airmen bomb Bazoches, Courlandon, 
Fismes and Cugnicourt. 

• — From beginning of present drive to date Allies hav 
taken 2.'), 000 prisoners, .500 cannon, thousands of ma- 
chine guns ; one-seventh of captives arc boys of 19. 

July 25 — Allies continue to close the pocket of the 
Aisne-Marne salient. British advance southwest of 
Rheims, between the .^.rdre and the Vesle. French 
arc within 3 miles of towns of Fere-en-Tardenois. 
.\mericans coming up from the Maine are 5 miles 
away. The bulk of the German army is southeast of 
a line between Fismes and Pere. 

July 25 — Steamship Tippecanoe, outward bound, * irpe- 
doed and sunk ; crew lost. 

— Baron von Hussarek, Minister of Education, succeeds 
Dr. von Seydler as .Austrian Premier. 

July 26 — French recapture Villemontoire and take 
Oulchy-le-Chateau and several hundred prisoners. 
Southwest of Rheims Allies lose Mery. British de- 
feat German attempt to retake Metteren. In region 
of Epieds and Trugny, United States troops defeat 
the Germans. 

— Lloyd George announces strikers must eithf- work 
or fight. London reports the number of strikers in 
munition factories has been exaggerated. 

— Portuguese bark Pcrto sunk by German submarine 
550 miles off American coast ; entire crew saved. 

■ — United States and French troops advance 10 miles 
on river sector of Marne salient, shutting off Germans 
from the Marne. 

— .Americans clear the woods on north bank and French 
push eastward. 

— Seizure of 2 men, accused of trying to Iilow up a war 
plant at Irvington-on-the-Hudson. 

July 29 — In Marne salient French and .Americans ad- 
vance 2 to 3 miles on 20-mile front, taking many vil- 
lages : Bligne, Ville-en-Tardenois captured on the 
cast; Cierges and Villfrs-.-\rgron in center. On the 
west French capture Grand-Rozey. 



July 30 — Americans and French lose and regain Cierges 
and Beugneux and push ahead 2 miles. 

— .Allied Embassies to Russia, including United States, 
removed from Archangel to Kamalaska. 

• — Baron von Hussarek, new Austrian Premier, declares 
Austria ready for honorable peace as soon as oppo- 
nents renounce hostile plans. 

— United States and British draft treaty goes into ef- 
fect ; British and Canadians have 60 days in which to 
enlist; treaty does not affect Irish or Australians. 

July 31 — Field Marshal von Eichhorn, German com- 
mander and virtual dictator in the Ukraine, assassin- 
ated at Kieff. 

— Gen. Marcli, United States Chief of Staff, announces 
discontinuance of all distinctions as to Regular, Na- 
tional .Army and National Guard, and says sole ob- 
ject of armies now is to kill men. 

— Onondaga Indians of New York declare war on Ger- 
many. 

•Aug. 1 — Allies drive Germans from edge of Forest of 
Nesle and before Sergy, and straighten out line from 
Buzancy to Cierges and the Meuniere Wood ; in cen- 
ter .Americans advance mile and a half on Fismes 
road, from Sfrg>- toward Chamery. 

— French report taking 33.400 prisoners, July 15 to 31. 
English report prisoners taken during July. 4.503. 

Aug. 3 — .Allies advance on 30-mile to the Aisne and the 
Vesle, regain 50 villages, obliterate remnant of Marne 
salient. Germans evacuate positions on front of 3 
miles west of the Ancre and withdraw cast of that 
stream. 

— .Americans reach outskirts of Fismes., Allied patrols 
west of Rheims hold Vesle fords. 

— Gen. March says it was the Rainbow Division of New 
York that last week defeated the Prussian Guard. 

— British ambulance transport Warilda, with 600 ill and 
wounded soldiers, homeward bound, sunk by Ger- 
man submarine near a British port; 123 missing. 

— Steamer Lake Portage torpedoed in lat. 47 deg. 46 
min. N., long. 4 deg. 44 min. W. ; 3 of crew killed. 

— Steamer O. B. Jennings sunk by submarine 100 miles 
off North Carolina coast; 1 killed, several injured. 

Aug. 4 — German retreat in Aisne district continues 
United States and French troops occupy Fismes and 
cross Vesle at four points. French occupy St. Vaast. 

— In Montdidier salient Germans withdraw on 5 to 10- 
mile front. French occupy left bank of the Avre. 
British reoccupy Pernancourt and Hamel. 

Aug. 5 — Germans continue withdrawal on the Ancre 
and the Avre. Lhiited States troops complete cap- 
ture of Fismes. French regain the Amiens-Montdidier 
railroad. Germans evacuate Lys salient, north of La 
Bassee Canal and east of Robecq, pressed closely by 
British. 

— Russian and Finnish delegates meet in Berlin to draw 
p.eace agreement. 

— Paris again shelled by "Fat Bertha." 

Aug. .5 — Schooner Gladys J. Holland torpedoed and 
sunk 15 miles off Ironbound Island. 

—United States troops land at Archangel. 

—Submarine chaser No. 187 collides with another ves- 
sel near Hog Island, off Virginia coast, and sinks ; 
no lives lost. 

— United States schooner Stanley M. Seaman stopped 
by a German submarine 100 miles east of Cape Hat- 
teras, wiiich takes off stores. 

.Aug. 6 — On Somme salient British put entire German 
27th Division out of action. Allies repulse all at- 
tempts to dislodge them. Rainy weather halts o.oer- 
ations. 

— Roumania sign, treaty of peace with Central Pow- 
ers, by vhich she loses province of Dobrudja, on south 
side of Danube, and makes economic concessions. 

— Dewitt C. Poole, United States Consul General in 
Moscow, destroys his codes and records and turns 
over business of consulate to Swedish officials. 

— LInited States steamship Morak (3,023 gross tons) 
sunk by submarine off Cape Hatteras. 



x\in 



Aug. 7 — United States and French troops cross the 
Vesle. British troops advance between Lawe and 
Clarice Rivers 1.000 yards and rush German post near 
Vieux Berquiii, in Lys sector. 

— Lloyd George, in House of Commons, says ISO U- 
boats have been sunk ; 75 last year. 

— Major Gen. Graves is named to command United 
States Siberian contingent. 

— Fresh mutiny is reported among German sailors at 
Wilhelmshaven ; 50 submarines said to have disap- 
peared ; 23 leaders of revolt sentenced to death. 

^German raider sinks Diamond Shoals Lightship No. 
71. 

— The President puts in effect law to prevent use of 
United States ships or yards by foreign interests. 

Aug. 8 — British and French Armies, commanded by 
Field Marshal Haig, launch new offensive in Somme 
salient ; take Germans by surprise ; penetrate 7 miles ; 
occupy many towns; take 7,000 prisoners and 100 
guns. 

— Allied detachments move south from Archangel to 
Vologda, and attack Bolshevik columns, reinforced 
by Germans. A Japanese Lieutenant General is in 
command. 

Aug. 9 — Swedish steamship bombed and sunk 100 miles 
southeast of Nantucket; British vessel rescues crew. 

■ — Anglo-French wedge driven 13 miles into flank of 
German position south of the Somme. Morlancourt 
captured and the Albert railroad reached, outflanking 
Montdidier. Germans begin evacuating Lys salient. 
British and French take 17,000 prisoners. Berlin ad- 
mits losses, but claims Allied drive has been stopped. 

— German aviators drop peace propaganda over French 
lines, with threats to destroy Paris unless France 
makes peace. 

■ — Russian Premier Lenine tells Soviets Russia is at war 
with the Entente. 

— Gen. Otani, of Japenese Army, named to lead United 
States and Allied troops in Siberia. 

— A summary of results of the .\llies' Marne offensive 
shows they captured 200 towns and villages, 1,000 
square miles of territory and shortened their line 
33 miles. 

Aug. 10 — LTnited States schooners Katy Palmer, Reli- 
ance and Alida May sunk by German submarine, also 
the Sybil and Mary Sennett of Gloucester, Mass. 

■ — French capture Montdidier and reach Chaulnes. 
United States troops capture Cliipilly. British ad- 
vance toward Braye ; take nearly 'lOO guns and more 
than 24,000 prisoners. The 27th Division "Empire," 
New York, is with the British Army in Flanders. 

Aug. 11 — French make appreciable progress between the 
Oise and the Avre ; close in on Lassigny from east 
and south, and bombard Roye-Noyon road. British 
and French fight for Chaulnes. 

— British airmen on second day of Picardy offensive 
shoot down 61 German flyers, making total 126 for 
2 days. 

■ — Bolshevik leaders prepare for flight, as counter revo- 
lutionary movement spreads in Russia. 

^.A.viators report Germans digging in and stringing 
barbed wire before Franco-American positions on 
the Vesle. 

Aug. 11 — Estimated that 36,000 prisoners, including 
more than 1,000 officers, captured so far in .Allied of- 
fensive in Picardy. 

— Nine United States fishing boats off Georgia's banks 
sunk by U-boat. 

— London reports 187 German flyers shot down in Pic- 
ardy so far ; the British losing 84. 

— British steamship Penistone torpedoed by submarine 
100 miles east of Nantucket. 

Aug. 12 — Allied advance slows up. Americans capture 
Bray. French take Gury. 

— Disorder .grows in Moscow. German Ambassador 
flees to Pskoff. 

— Norwegian steamer Somerstad sunk by torpedo 25 
miles off Fire Island; no casualties. 



Aug. 13 — The Eclio de Paris states that since Allied 
counter offensive began July 18, Allies have taken 
more than 70,000 prisoners, 1,000 guns, 10,000 ma- 
chine guns. 

— London announces for the five day fighting on Pic- 
ardy front British have won 277 aerial victories ; Ger- 
mans 101. 

— Linited States steamship Frederic Kellogg torpedoed; 
2 naval reserve men lost. 

—French troops occupy Thiescourt Plateau, repulse an 
attack, gain command of the Divette and Oise Val- 
leys and threaten Lassigny. Roye is being envel- 
oped by British on the north and French on the south. 

— Norwegian steamship Commerstoedt torpedoed off 
Fire Island. 

— On the Vesle Franco-Americans are pushed out of 
Fismette, but recover it by counter attack. 

• — French transport Djemnah sunk in Mediterranean; 
442 men missing. 

— Steamer Frederick R. Kellogg torpedoed off Barne- 
gat Light ; 3 killed, 4 missing. 

Aug. 14 — Allies make further gains at both ends of 
Somme salient. French capture Ribecourt, and Ger- 
mans evacuate positions at Beaumont-Hamel, Serre, 
Puisieux-au-Mont and Bucquoy, above the Avre. 
English strengthen positions along Somme, between 
Etineheni and Bray. 

— Capt. James Fitzmorris of Royal Flying Corps killed 
near Cincinnati wliilc flying from Indianapolis to Day- 
ton. 

— Schooner Dorothy Barrett attacked by submarine near 
Cape May, N. J. Crew abandon vessel, which takes 
fire ; no lives lost. 

Aug. 15 — Canadian troops capture villa.ges of Damery 
and Parvillcrs, northwest of Roye. British advance 
northwest of Chaulnes ; their patrols enter Albert. 

— French make local gains between the Metz and the 
Oise Rivers. 

— Prisoners taken on western front now number 
30,344. 

— Allies from Archangel penetrate 100 miles from Arch- 
angel along railway to Vologda. 

— First of United States contingent to operate in Si- 
beria, 27th Linited States Infantry from Philippines, 
lands at Vladivostok. 

— A British column, pushing up through Persia, reaches 
Baku, on the Caspian Sea. 

— Lhiited States schooner Madingadah shelled and sunk 
by submarine near Winter Quarter Shoals Light Ves- 
sel. 

■ — United States steamer Cubore (7,300 tons) sunk by 
submarine ; no lives lost. 

Aug. 16 — French and British approach Roye and repulse 
counter attack on Damery. British push up tlie valley 
on both sides of the Ancre, reach the outskirts of 
Thiepval Wood. Germans evacuate Vieux-Berquin, 
on Lys salient. 

— The Don Cossacks clear left bank of the Don and 
move south. 

— Large tank steamer shelled off Cape Hatteras by a 
submarine and reported on fire ; entire crew saved. 

— Linited States cargo ship Montanan (6,659 gross tons) 
torpedoed and sunk in foreign waters ; 5 men miss- 
ing. 

— A second United States transport carrying troops 
from Manila lands at Vladivostok. 

— United States air squadron of 18 De Haviland ma- 
chines (4 type), equipped with Liberty motors, makes 
successful flight over German lines. 

■ — Paris estimates loss in Germans killed since war be- 
gan at 1,400,000. 

■ — The two Kaisers meet at German grand headquarters 
in Berlin. 

— Reports from Austria to effect that .Austria's Con- 
stitution will be revised and provision made for 
division of Austro-Hungarian Empire into states au- 
tonomous in home affairs. 

— United States steamer Westbridge (8.800 tons) sunk 
by torpedo with loss of 3. 



Aug. 16 — British steamer Escrick (4,151 tons) torpedoed 
about 500 miles off French coast ; 13 of 37 picked up ; 
rest missing. 

Aug. 17 — United States cargo ship Joseph Cudahy tor- 
pedoed about 700 miles from English coast ; 13 of 
crew rescued ; 63 missing. 

— French capture plateau north of Autreches, between 
the Somme and the Marne salients. 

— Americans in the Vosges, east of St. Die, capture vil- 
lage of Frapelle. 

— Japanese troops land at Vladivostok. 

— A belated message tells of capture of Irkutsk by the 
Czecho-SIovaks. 

— A message via Berlin says Soviet troops have sur- 
rounded and are bombing Kazan. 

— British Admiralty reports 2 destroyers sunk by mines, 
with loss of life. 

— French cruiser Dupetit Thouras sunk by U-boat. 

— Austria denounced British recognition of Czecho-SIo- 
vaks as a nation and says they will be regarded and 
treated as traitors. 

— Gen.^ March says there are 1,450,000 United States 
soldiers in expeditionary forces in all parts of the 
world. 

— Norwegian steamship San Jose sunk by submarine; 
no lives lost, and bark Nordhav off Cape Henry. 

Aug. 18 — Americans in village of Frapelle, on western 
front, repulse enemy patrol raids and make advances 
in spite of Germans throwing 2,500 shells. 

—Forty survivors of torpedoed British tanker Mirlo 
reach Norfolk minus all their clothes, after having 
fought their way through a sea of burning oil; 10 
were burned to death. 

Aug. 19 — French reach outskirts of Lassigny. British 
capture Roye, a railroad station. In Lys salient Brit- 
ish advance on a front of 10 miles and enter Mer- 
ville. Northwest of Soissons French capture 2,200 
prisoners. 

— .'\viation statistics for four -'\mcrican squadrons up 
to Aug. 1 show 59 German planes downed, exclusive 
of Lufbery's. 

Aug. 20 — Marshal Foch begins drive on 15-miIe front 
between the Aisne and the Oise ; advances nearly 3 
miles ; captures a dozen villages and 8,000 prisoners. 

— Czecho-Slovak forces in Western Siberia capture 
Shadrinsk, on the Siberian Railroad, east of the Urals. 

■ — Major d'Annunzio, Italy's poet-airman, flies 100 miles 
across the Adriatic Sea to Pola, the Austrian naval 
base, and drops 14 bombs on the arsenal. 

— Steam trawler Triumph is captured by a submarine 
and converted into a raider to prey upon fishing ves- 
sels. 

Aug. 21 — Gen. March announces 33 United States army 
divisions on French soil. 

— British troops capture Albert, in Lys salient ; reach 
outskirts of Neuf-Berquin. French widen front on 
south bank of Oise; cross the Ailette; approach for- 
est of Coucy, north of Oise; reach Divette River; 
take a large number of guns and prisoners. 

— Paris reports capture of 100,000 Germans on western 
front since Julv 19 ; defeat of 6 German armies since 
Aug. 15. 
—The Lake Eden torpedoed and sunk in foreign waters ; 
6 killed, 7 missing. 

— United States bombing airplanes drop 3S bombs on 
Conflans, a town on Verdun-Metz railroad. 

— .'Mlied airplanes kill 5, injure 2 and damage private 
property at Cologne. 

Aug. 22 — At Paris a barge loaded with 540 tons of gas- 
oline, belonging to United States expeditionary forces, 
takes fire. 

— Allied representatives at Archangel announce they 
have come at invitation of rightfully constituted Rus- 
sian Government to expel the Germans and overturn 
the Lenine-Trotsky peace treaty. 

— The Gasconier, a Belgian Relief Commission ship, on 
way to Belgium, outside war zone, with cargo of food, 
sunk by submarine and lifeboats fired on ; officer and 
5 men killed ; others wounded. 



Aug. 23 — British airmen bomb Karlsruhe; 9 killed, 6 in- 
jured. 

— Australians take Chugues and Chugnolles Valley and 
4,000 prisoners, including 3 battalion commanders; 
shoot down 2 low flying German air machines by air 
machines. British airmen attack airdrome at Buhl 
and railway junction at Treves. 

— Germans defeated on 50-mile front by Britisli and 
French from the Cojeul to the Ailette, losing many 
towns, men and guns. 

— British airmen bomb Frankfort, Cologne and Mann- 
heim. 

— Gen. Foch receives his baton as a Marshal of France 
from President Poincare. 

— Gen. Semenoff, with force of Czecho-SIovaks, defeats 
a Magyar-Bolshevist force at Montsievskaia, Siberia. 

— Bray, La Boisselle, Orvillers, Mouquet Farm, Thiepval 
and Grandcourt are captured with 2,000 prisoners. 
West of Fismes United States troops carry line as 
far as Soissons-Rheims road. 

— Two seaplanes collide in fog off Fire Island ; 3 of 
crew missing. 

— Gen. Haig continues advance from the Ancre to 
the Somme. British capture Sapignies and Behag- 
nies, towns north of Bapaume. Welsh troops capture 
Mametz Woods. French are in possession of entire 
south bank of the Oise and the Ailette River, from 
the Oise to Pont St. Mard. 

Aug. 24 — United States troops advance east of Ba- 
zoches ; repel German raid in the Vosges. 

— Austrian airmen bomb city of Padua. 

— British advance toward Bapaume, in Picardy. on 30- 
mile front; capture Thiepval, take Bray, La Boisselle, 
Moquett Farm and Grandcourt ; surround town of 
Miraumont. LInited States troops advance on half- 
mile front to Soissons-Rheims road. 

— Submarine chaser No. 309 shelled and svmk by a 
steamship, Felix Taussig, by mistake ; commander 
and 15 of crew missing; 4 killed, 5 injured. 

Aug. 2.5 — British advance 10 miles on 30-miIe front, 
capture La Boisselle, take over 17,000 prisoners; at- 
tack Bapaume defenses, take Warlencourt, Sapignies 
and St. Leger. French occupy entire south bank of 
the Oise, west of the Ailette and the Ailette River, 
from the Oise to Pont Mt. Marel ; drive Germans from 
the plateau of Andignicourt, Nanpcel and Carlepont 
and from heights west of the Ailette. 

— German submarine sinks LInited States schooner F. J. 
Flaherty and Canadian fishing vessels E. B. Walters, 
C. M. Walters and Morris B. Adams ; no lives lost. 

Aug. 25, 26, 27, 28 — Allied war planes bombard Con- 
stantinople 4 times in 3 nights. 

Aug. 26 — British take Monchy and other towns on old 
Hindenburg line and 1,500 prisoners. French cap- 
ture Fresnoy, near Roye, and defeat an attack by 
Prussian Guards on the Ailette. 

— British air raid on Mannheim damages chemical 
plants. 

— Lenine. Bolshevik Premier of Russia, and Trotsky, 
War Minister, reported to have taken refuge on ves- 
sels at Kronstadt and Petrograd respectively. 

Aug. 27 — French capture Roye, take 1,100 prisoners. 
French extend line on Oise nearly a mile. British 
again pierce Hindenburg line; capture Dompierre 
and Montaubin and enter Bapaume. South of Somme 
Canadians take 2,000 prisoners. 

— Count von Bcrnstorff appointed German envoy at 

Constantinople. 
Aug. 28 — Allies advance on Somme front. French take 
Chaulnes and Nesle, 40 villages, reach Canal du Nord. 
British capture Trones Wood and outflank Arras- 
Cambrai road. Canadians on the Scarpe take 2,000 
prisoners. Germans attack Fismette. 

—Gen. March says United States troops and Allies in 
8 weeks since July 1 have taken 103,000 prisoners, 
1,300 guns. War Department estimates on basis of 
prisoners captured that Germany in same period must 
have lost nearly 350,000 killed and wounded. 



XX 



Aug. 29 — British take Bapaume. French take Noyon. 
Gen. Mangin crosses the Oise ; captures Morlincourt. 
United States and French troops capture Juvigny, but 
lose Chavigny. British capture Ginchy and outflank 
Peronne. British have taken since Aug. 21, 26,000 
prisoners. 
Aug. ao — British capture Bullecourt and reach Wotan 
line. Germans retreat from Flanders. British oc- 
cupy Bailleul : capture Conblis and advance toward 
Peronne. United States and French retake Chavigny 
and extend line east of Coucy. 
— United States steamer Omega (3,636 tons) torpedoed 

and sunk ; 29 missing. 
Aug. 31 — British capture Mt. Kemmel, southwest of 
Ypres and Mt. St. Quentin, and 1,500 prisoners. 
French cross Canal du Nord, in Sonime region ; cap- 
ture Chevilly. 
• — Nicholas Lenine, Bolshevik Premier, wounded twice 

by assailant. 
^Spanish steamship Ataz-Mendi, carrying coal from 
England to Spain, torpedoed and sunk ; no lives lost. 
Spain seizes all interned German vessels. 
Sept. 1 — United States troops advance about 2 miles be- 
yond Juvigny ; take 600 prisoners. Allies take Pe- 
ronne. Australians take 2,000 prisoners. Allies ad- 
vance from south of Somme to Lys salient in Flan- 
ders. French advance north of the Ailette; gain foot- 
hold in wood west of Coucy-le-Chateau; take Crecy- 
au-Mont and 1,000 prisoners. 
— During August British take 57,318 German prison- 
ers (1,283 officers), 657 guns, over 5,790 machine 
guns, over 1,000 trench mortars, 3 trains, 9 locomo- 
tives. 
• — British advance in Macedonia north of Alcakmah and 

west of Vardar River. 
Sept. 2 — On western front Allied forces have taken 
since July 15, 128,302 prisoners, 2,069 guns, 1,734 mine 
throwers. 13,783 machine guns. 
— British nierce Droecourt-Queant line; take LeTrans- 
loy, Dury, Cagnicourt and Bois-le-Bouche. Cana- 
dians gain over 3 miles. English reach outskirts of 
Beugny, and take Villers-au-Fois. English and Aus- 
tralians drive Germans from St. Pierre-Vaast Wood 
and take villages of Allines and Haut-AUines. French 
occupy Neuilly, Terny, Sorny and advance north of 
Crony. 
— British airmen bomb airdrome at Buhl. 
Sept. 3 — Germans flee from the Scarpe to the Soinme. 
Gen, Haig captures 16,000 men. British advance be- 
tween Epehy and Vermand and break through Wotan 
switch line. 
— United States cargo ship Lake Owens (2,308 gross 

tons) sunk by gunfire in foreign waters. 
• — United States steamer Frank H. Buck sinks a sub- 
marine in mid-Atlantic by gunfire. 
Sept. 4 — On west front British cross Canal du Nord, 
push down from Queant to within 6 miles of Cam- 
brai. French gain northeast of Noyon and cross 
Vesle on 20-inile front. 
— Despatches to United States State Department an- 
nounce destruction of Bolshevik army east of Lake 
Baikal. The Omsk Provisional Government declares 
war on Germany. All Americans in Petrograd re- 
ported safe. 
— Powder factory at Plauen, Saxony, blows up. Out 

of 6,800 women employed, 12 escape. 
Sept. 5 — Allies advance on 90-mile front. British from 
below Peronne to Equancourt take Hill No. 63, be- 
yond Wulverghem and Ploegsteert. French advance 
beyond Canal du Nord, from above the Nesle to north 
of Noyon. 
— Since Aug. 1 British have taken about 70,000 prison- 
ers. French and Americans about 40,000. 
— United States troops advance over plateau between the 

Vesle and the Aisne. 
— United States steamer Mount Vernon struck by tor- 
pedo 200 iniles oif French coast ; 35 men killed by 
explosion ; reaches port by its own steam. 



Sept. 6 — British advance 3 miles on 12-mile front east of 

Peronne. 
—British transport Persic (12,042 tons) carrying 2,800 
United States troops, torpedoed by German subma- 
rine 200 miles off English coast ; all on board saved. 
Sept. 7 — General retreat of Germans on front of 100 
miles, Arras-Cambrai sector to Rheims. British 
advance 9 miles beyond the Somme ; take Haucourt, 
Sorel-Ie-Grand and Metz-en-Centerre. French cross 
St. Quentin Canal ; take Tugny Bridge and station at 
St. Simon, also Tergniar, 3 miles from La Fere. Brit- 
ish airmen bomb Mannheim, poison gas center. 
Sept. 8 — Allies advance 3 miles toward St. Quentin. 
French advance within 2 miles of La Fere. British 
occupy Villeveque, Roisel and Ste.-Emilie. United 
States troops take village of Glennes. 
Sept. 8 — During first week in September British take 

19,000 prisoners. 
— United States refugees from Russia reach Stockholm. 
— Secretary of War Baker, John D. Ryan, Director of 
Aircraft Production and Surgeon Gen. Gorgas ar- 
rive in Paris for war conference. 
Sept. 10 — French close on south end of Hindenburg 
line; take Gouzeaucourt Wood and occupy Vermand 
and Vendelles. French again cross Crozat Canal, op- 
posite Liez ; hold entire length of canal. 
• — All British and French Consuls throughout Russia 
controlled by Bolshcviki are imprisoned. Soviet Gov- 
ernment offers to exchange diplomatists with Eng- 
land, provided she guarantee safe conduct of all 
Russians held in London. 
— Five hundred and twelve counter revolutionists at 
Petrograd shot in reprisal for killing of Moses 
LTritzky. Bolshevik Commissioner, and 35 land owners 
put to death on account of attack on Premier Lenine. 
Sept. 10 — French close on south end of Hindenburg 
line ; now less tlian 4 miles from St. Quentin, 2 from 
La Fere, 1 from St. Gobain. 
— British airmen bomb U-boat shelters at Bruges and 

docks at Ostend. 
— Baron Burian, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, 
in address to Vienna newspaper men, says military de- 
cision by Central Powers is doubtful, and proposes 
calm exchange of views with the Entente Powers. 
— Ambassador Francis reports recent supplementary 
treaty between Germany and Russia, which requires 
expulsion of Allies from Russian territory and pay- 
ment of 6,000.000 marks by Russia to Germany. 
— Steamer Berwind sunk by German submarine ; 4 of 

crew lost. 
Sept. 11 — French capture Travecy, on Hindenburg line, 
2 miles north of La Fere. British advance near to 
Cambrai and St. Quentin. Germans counter attack 
Franco-Americans and suffer heavy losses. 
— On western front during month of August French 
bombing machines bring down 380 German airplanes 
and 06 captive balloons. 
— Bolsheviki advancing toward Ekaterinburg, east of 
LIral Mountains, are defeated by Czecho-Slovaks and 
Siberian forces ; lose 1,000 men, 3 armored trains and 
11 locomotives, 60 machine guns. 
— French repulse 6 German attacks in region of Laffaux 
and Celles-sur-Aisne. British advance in direction of 
Attilly and Vermand. 
Sept. 13 — British advance near Cambrai and around 
La Bassee. Gen. Pershing's forces practically wipe 
out St. Mihiel salient; take 13,000 prisoners, 60 big 
guns. The railway, Verdun to Toul and Nancy via 
St. Mihiel, intact and open to the Allies. Secretary 
Baker and Gens. Pershing and Retain visit St. Mihiel 
a few hours after its capture. 
— xA-llied airmen bomb Metz and Courcelles. 
Sept. 15 — British capture Maissemy, northwest of St. 
Quentin. United States troops advance 2 to 3 miles 
on 33-miIe front ; capture 200 cannon in St. Mihiel 
wedge. Fortress of Metz opens fire on Allied forces. 
— British steamship Galway Castle sunk by U-boat ; 120 

lost, 90 of them women and children. 
— Germany makes peace offer to Belgium. 



XXI 



Sept. 16 — British cross St. Qiientin Canal in two places; 
take 6,00 prisoners. British and French advance 2 
to 3 miles on 21-mile front. United States and Brit- 
ish flyers raid Lorraine territory with bombs ; many 
giant llandley-Paige machines used by Americans. 

— Germans, aiding Bulgars in Macedonia, defeated by 
Serbs, who take 4,000 prisoners, SO guns. 

— Nine Coast Guard men of United States Seneca die 
in trying to save British steamer Wellington, torpe- 
doed. 

— British advance in neighborhood of Ploegsteert and 
Ypres and north of Arras-Cambrai road. French 
capture Vailly and Mont-des- Singes, one of the keys 
to Laon, United States forces establish ney line on 
St. Mihiel front, engineers repair highways in salient, 
preparing for further pursuit of Germans. 

— In Macedonia, British begin drive on 10-mile front, 
carry first and second Bulgar lines ; take 800 pris- 
oners and 10 guns, 

— Czecho-Slovaks appeal for Allied help to hasten. 

Sept. 18 — United States rejects Austro-Hungarian peace 
proposal. 

— United States steamer Buena Ventura torpedoed on 
voyage, Bordeaux to Philadelphia ; 3 boats with 64 
men missing. 

Sept. 17 — Germans strengthen trenches in front of St. 
Miliiel .salient; burn towns in Moselle region. 

— In Macedonia, Allies advance S miles on 12-mile front ; 
take Gradeshnitza, 3,000 prisoners and 24 guns (Jugo- 
slav division fighting with the French). 

— Serbians reach Koziak. 

— Italians make S attacks on Tassen Ridge ; are repulsed 
by Austrians. 

Sept. 18 — British advance 3 miles; take Epehy, Peiziere 
and Gauchy Wood and 6,000 prisoners. French gain 
over a mile. 

— Franco-Serb forces advance 10 miles on 20-mile 
front ; cross Gradeshnitza ; take 4,000 prisoners. Uni- 
ted States tanks attack on the St. Mihiel salient; enter 
villages of Nousard, Pommes, La Marche and Binney. 

Sept. 19 — English troops take Lempier and Gauchy 
Wood, .-\ustralians carry Hindenburg outposts in 
front of Hargicourt, Villeret and Le Vergnier. French 
reach Dallon, beyond Francilly and Salency, 2 miles 
from St. Quentin. Germans counter attack on north- 
ern part of British front and on French front in Sois- 
sons sector. 

— In Macedonia, Serbs penetrate Bulgar defenses on 25- 
mile front; advance 15 to 17 miles; take 5,000 pris- 
oners, 80 guns. 

— General Allenby, in Palestine, attacks Turks on 16-mile 
front ; breaks through between Rafat and the sea and 
advances 12 miles ; takes 3,000 prisoners. 

— British evacuate Baku, on the Caspian Sea, and with- 
draw to Persian base. 

— German Ambassador, in Vienna, presents Germany's 
reply to Austro-Hungarian peace note, and says Ger- 
many is ready to participate in proposed exchange of 
ideas. 

Sept. 20 — On the western front British retake Moeuvres. 

— Since Sept. 18. 18 German divisions have been de- 
feated by United Kingdom and Australian troops; 
10.000 prisoners and more than 60 guns taken. 

— British Air Ministry reports 60 tons of bombs dropped 
on German territory in 5 days, chiefly poison gas and 
airplane factories at Mannheim, at Daimler works 
at Stuttgart, railway station at Frankfort and docks 
and sidings at Karlsrulie; 101 German machines de- 
stroyed. 37 disabled ; British losses, 50. 

— .Austrian U-boat sinks Frencli submarine Circe ; sec- 
ond officer the only survivor. 

— An enemy submarine captures United States steam 
trawler Kingfisher after torpedoing it, 95 miles off 
English coast ; the crew escapes. 

— United States steamer Ticonderoga (5,130 tons) sunk 
by submarine in midocean without warning; 10 offi- 
cers, 102 enlisted men lost ; 2 officers, 5 men taken 
prisoners. 



— AlHed air forces bomb Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Bolnay, 
Frascaty and Mohange. 

— In Central Macedonia, Serbs advance 12 miles, taking 
16 villages. German and Bulgar reinforcements arrive. 

Sept. 21 — French troops take town of Benay, south- 
east of Essign\-. British improve position west of 
Messines and south of Ypres. British yield in some 
places, but make net advance ; take 400 prisoners. 
The Americans now 10 miles from Metz and the same 
from Conflans. 

— Serbians, east of IMonastir, advance 5 miles, occupy 
10 villages. 

—Gen. March, United States Chief of Staff, says 1,750,- 
000 soldiers have been sent abroad. 

— United States Government directs its Ambassadors 
and Ministers in neutral and Allied countries to as- 
certain whether Governments to which they are ac- 
credited will join in immediate action to protest 
a.gainst Russian terrorism. 

— Japanese Cabinet, headed by Field Marshal Count 
Tcrauchy, resigns. 

Sept. 22 — United States troops make 2 raids on Ger- 
mans northeast of St. Mihiel ; take 34 prisoners, 2 
machine guns. 

— Serbian forces advance in region of Cebren, take liigh 
crest near Porta and Czena. 

— In Palestine. Gen. Allenby advances beyond Nazareth, 
taking 18,000 prisoners, 120 guns, much ammunition. 

— The Havas Agency, chief French news bureau 
says Allies took 185,(X)0 prisoners in last 2 months, 
and estimates enemy's losses of men unable to return 
to the ranks at 600,000. 

Sept. 23 — On western front 2 British airmen in 1 ma- 
chine capture 65 Germans, directin.g them to the Brit- 
ish lines. On Lorraine front "American Flying Cir- 
cus" now accredited with 137 aerial victories. 

— In Macedonia, northeast of Monastir, French cav- 
alry capture Prilet. In Doiran region Anglo-Greek 
forces join with Franco- Greeks in pursuit of Bulga- 
rians. Anglo-Greeks reach Smokvitsa, an advance of 
10 miles. 

— In Palestine, British cavalry capture Acre and Es 
Salt and Port of Hisa. Arab Allies take Malan ; pris- 
oners in drive exceed 25,000. 

Sept. 24 — Count von Hertling, in Reichstag, declares 
public discontent in Germany not justified by military 
situation on western front ; he admits the situation is 
grave, but says: "We have no cause to be faint- 
hearted ; we have already had to pass through harder 
times." 

Sept. 25 — On western front British occupy Village of 
Selency ; make slight advance near Inchy west of 
Cambrai. In same sector French take 10 German offi- 
cers and more than S(X) men ; take by assault the Vil- 
lage of I'Epine-de-Dallon. United States long-range 
guns bombard Metz and civilians begin packing. 

— On the Macedonian front Bulgarians are retreating on 
130-mile front; whole of Monastir- Prilep-Gradsko 
road, connecting the two Bulgar armies, is in the 
liands of the Alhes. Italian troops in western Mace- 
donia occupy heights north of Topolchani, between 
Monastir and Prilep. 

— London announces officially 40,(XX} prisoners, 265 
guns, taken by Gen. AUenby's forces in Palestine. 

— Ottawa issues statement Canadian net war losses to 
Aug. 1, 115,806 (this includes killed, died of wounds, 
missing, prisoners of war, and men discharged as 
medically unfit). 

— British airmen bomb Frankfort and German air- 
dromes at Buhl and Kaiserlauten. 

— Russian Bolshevik Government issues decree to end 
reign of terror and return to orderly methods. 

Sept. 26 — United States troops, on 20-miIe front, ad- 
vance 7 miles between Argonne Forest and Verdun ; 
take 12 towns, 5,0(X) prisoners. Left of the Ameri- 
cans, French advance 4 miles retake strong positions. 

— British occupy Amman, in Palestine; hold the River 
Jordan; with the Arabs surround 4th Turkish Army 
of 25,000; prisoners now number 45,000. 



— Serbs capture Veles, 25 miles southeast of Uskub and 
Istip; also take Kochana. British capture Strumitza, 
6 miles across Bulgarian front. 

— Naval patrol boat Tampa torpedoed and sunk in Brit- 
ish Channel, with all on board (118). 

— On western front British airplanes bomb railways of 
Metz-Sablon, Andun-le-Roman, Mezieres and Thion- 
ville, and the Frescati airdrome. 

Sept. 27 — British attack on Cambrai front, take Epinay 
and Oisy-le-Verger and .500 prisoners. Canadian di- 
vision passes Haynecourt, reaches Dnai-Cambrai road. 
United States forces take Charpentry, Very, Epinon- 
ville and Ivoyry. French and United States forces 
advance 2 miles on 20-mile front ; capture 20 towns ; 
take 18,000 prisoners. 

— Gen. Allenby takes 5.000 Turk prisoners and 350 guns. 

— Bulgaria applies to British Government for an armis- 
tice. Gen. Franchet de Espcrey, in command of Al- 
lied armies in Macedonia, telegraphs the French Gov- 
ernment that Bulgarian officers had applied for 48- 
hour armistice, that he had refused to suspend hos- 
tilities, but would receive delegates. 

Sept. 28 — Gen. Haig's men cross Scheldt Canal, cut 
Cainbrai-Douai road and now within 2 miles of Cam- 
brai ; take Highland and Welsh Ridges, capture Noy- 
elles-sur-L'Escaut, Cantaing and Fontaine-Notre- 
Dame. French on Aisne front capture Ft. Mal- 
maison ; take Somme-Py, Jouy and Aizi. Canadians 
take the villages of Raillencourt and Sailly. United 
States troops advance 2 miles to outskirts of BrieuUes 
and Exermont. United States batteries hit 2 trains 
loaded with German troops entering Brieulles. Bel- 
gian and British troops advance over 4 miles ; take 
Houthulst Wood and most of Barchaentall Ridge. 

Sept. 28 — Panic on Budapest Bourse and peace riots in 
Berlin during which many statues are smashed. 

— Von Hertling resigns as Chancellor and Admiral von 
Hintze as Foreign Secretary. 

— Week's British losses : Officers killed or died of 
wounds, 432 ; men, 3,936 ; officers wounded or miss- 
ing, 804 : men, 10,757. 

Sept. 29 — .'\n English division swims St. Quentin Canal ; 
pierces Hindenburg line north of Bellenglise (only 1 
drowned) ; take 4,200 prisoners (1,000 in Bellenglise 
Tunnel), 70 cannon, over 1,000 machine guns. Total 
British casualty list, 800. 

— French take Revillon, Romain and Montigny-sur- 
Vesle. Italians, north of the Aisne, capture Soupir. 
Between Bellicourt and Gonnelieu, United States, Aus- 
tralian and English troops gain ground. At Bonyard, 
Villers-Guislain Germans make slight advance. Al- 
lies forced to withdraw from villages of Aubendreul- 
au-Bac and Arleux. 

— 10,000 Turks surrender to British at Zaza station, Pal- 
estine. 

Sept. 30 — Belgians capture Roulers ; take 300 guns. 
British occupy Gheluive; take 97 guns and within 2 
miles of Nenin. French reach the Oise-Aisne Canal ; 
capture half of Chemin-des-Dames and 1,600 prison- 
ers. British advance continues in St. Quentin-Cam- 
brai sector ; take Thorigny. Lie Tronquoy and Gon- 
nelieu. British again cross Scheldt Canal and take 
Crevecoeur, 4 miles south of Cambrai. 

- — On Verdun front, IS United States pursuit planes 
battle with 25 German Fokkers and bring down 7 ; 
losing none. 

— United States steamer Ticonderoga torpedoed in mid- 
ocean ; 2 army officers, 99 seamen, 10 navy officers lost. 

— British forces surround Damascus, in Palestine. 

— Secretary of State Lansing, in reply to Germany's 
threat to execute United States prisoners of war 
found with shot guns, gave notice that in such event 
reprisals will be taken on German prisoners in LInited 
States. 

— Bulgaria quits. Bulgarian delegates sign armistice. 
Bulgaria to evacuate Greece and Serbia, demobilize 
army and surrender means of transportation, free 
passage to be given across territory and a right to 
occupy strategic points ; terms purely military ; no po- 
litical conditions. 



— Prince Maximilian of Baden succeeds Count George 
F. von Hertling as German Premier. 

Oct. 1 — Field Marshal Haig reports British forces dur- 
ing September took 66,300 prisoners, including 1,500 
officers, 700 guns, thousands of machine gims; total 
captures August and September 123,618 prisoners, 
including 2.783 officers, about 1,400 guns. 

— Gen. Debeny's cavalry (French) enter St. Quentin at 
heels of retreating Germans. Cambrai in flames. 
Gen. Plumer (Belgian) crosses the Lys ; takes Co- 
mines; he is only 6 miles from Courtrai. Belgian 
forces nearing Bruges. Gen. Gouraud continues ad- 
vance in Champagne district. United States forces 
battle with Germans in Argonne region. British cap- 
ture Levergies, and with Canadians, Proville and Til- 
lay, and clear enemy from high ground south of Le 
Catelet. 

— Since Sept. 26 French have taken 13,000 prisoners 
between the Suippc and the Argonne. 

— Gen. Pershing reports United States airmen since 
Sept. 26 have brought down on western front more 
than 100 hostile planes and 21 balloons. 

— Gen. Allenby captures Damascus and takes 7,000 
Turks. Since Sept. 20 AUenby's forces have marched 
130 miles; taken over 50,000 prisoners; destroyed 3 
Turkish armies. Arab forces are fighting with Allies 
in Palestine and Syria. 

Oct. 1-2 — German airplane bombards a French hospital 
at Chalons ; many French soldiers killed and wounded. 

Oct. 2 — Serbian troops enter Nish. 

— Paris says officially Allies captured July 15 to Sept. 
30 5,518 officers, 248,494 men, 3,069 cannon, more than 
23,000 machine guns, hundreds of mine throwers. 

— North of Cambrai New Zealand and Anglo-Scottish 
troops drive enemy from Crevecoeur and Rumilly. 

— Australian troops, northeast of Damascus, capture 
Turkish column; take 1,500 prisoners, 2 guns, 40 ma- 
chine guns. 

Oct. 2 — New York troops force back Germans in Ar- 
gonne Forest. Armies of Gens. Gouraud and Berth- 
elot continue advance on front east and west of 
Rheims ; reach Aisne Canal, pass beyond St. Quentin. 
Germans recapture Esquehart on British front, other- 
wise whole of Hindenburg system below Bellicourt 
Tunnel in hands of British. British advance 2,000 
yards southeast of Roulers ; take Rolleghemcapelle. 
French occupy PouUoin, and take forts of St. Thiery 
and St. Quentin. North of Vesle River capture Ron- 
cy, Guyencourt, Bouffignereux, Villers-Frangueux, 
Cauroy and Courcy. French troops pierce over 5 
miles of barbed wire and take Challerange (important 
railway junction), northwest of Rheims; take Cor- 
micy ; reach Aisne Canal, between Conavreux and La 
Neuvillette ; take 2,800 prisoners ; in center Gen. Ber- 
thelot captures Loivre. 

— Thirty Italian naval units and a larger number of 
airmen bombard town and harbor of Durazzo, in 
Albania. 

Oct. 3 — Latest summary of war material taken by 
United States troops in Argonne section shows 120 
guns, 2,750 trench mortars, 300 machine guns, 100 
anti-tank guns, thousands of shells, hundreds of thou- 
sands rounds of small arms ammunition. 

— On western front in week ending today Allies have 
taken 60,000 prisoners and 1,000 guns. 

— British troops are in Lenz and Armentieres and with- 
in 7 miles of Lille. 

— United States cargo steamship Lake City (3,500 tons) 
collides with oil tanker James McKee off Key West 
and sinks; 30 of crew (35) reported safe. 

— Italian steamship Alberta Treves (3,838 tons) torpe- 
doed about 300 miles off American coast ; 21 of crew 
missing. 

— Greek troops enter Drama ; Bulgarians in withdraw- 
ing carry off cattle, cereals, and railroad rolling stock. 

— French airmen bomb enemy cantonments and biv- 
ouacs in Lenz region, in Valley of Suippe and railway 
stations. 



XXIXI 



Oct. 4 — German retreat continues on l^enz front. Brit- 
ish advance to witliin 6 miles of Lille, at Wavrin and 
Erquinghem ; reacli outskirts of Montbrehain, north 
of St. Quentin. Belgians and French make slight ad- 
vance toward Hooglede and Roulers. On Britisli 
front Germans retake Montbrehain and Beaurevoir. 
Germans evacuate Brimart and Berru. Northwest of 
Verdun .5 United States airmen fight 7 Germans ; 
bring down 1. Seven German planes brought down 
by anti-air-craft guns. Eight United States pursuit 
planes run into squadron of 25 German planes ; 5 Ger- 
mans brought down ; Americans losing 1. 

■ — On western front in past week British airplanes drop 
300 tons of bombs on railway between the coast and 
the Somme ; over northern France and Belgium 124 
enemy machines brought down ; 46 driven out of con- 
trol ; 90 British machines missing. 

■ — United States steamer Herman Frasch sunk at sea in 
collision with United States steamer George G. Hen- 
ry; 7 officers, 16 men missing. 

— United States cargo steamship San Saba (2,4.')8 tons) 
hits mine and sinks, 15 miles southeast of Barnegat, 
N. J. 

— United States scout patrol No. 397 sinks by internal 
explosion in Long Island Sound ; 55 rescued. 

— Italians occupy Herat, cross Semenyi River and the 
plain of Mazukja. 

—Baron von Hussarck, Austrian Prime IMinister, re- 
signs. 

Oct. 5 — Gen. Haig advances above St. Quentin. Ger- 
mans leaving Lille, set fire to Douai. French take 
heights beyond Rheims, reach Betheniville ; capture 
Fort Brimart ; advance 4 miles past Morlanvillers 
stronghold : cross Aisne Canal at several points. Gen. 
Gouraud's army drives enemy from Challerange. 

— British capture Beaurevoir and Montbrehain, north of 
St. Quentin, and 1,000 prisoners. Americans attack 
between the Meuse and the Argonne ; advance 2 
miles. French gain ground northwest of Rheims. 

— Gen. Allenby advances from Damascus toward Beirut ; 
has taken 15,000 more prisoners, making total of 
71,000, besides 8,000 claimed by Arab army of King 
Hussein. 

• — King Ferdinand abdicates Bulgarian throne in favor 
of oldest son, Boris. 

Oct. 5 — King Boris, new King of Bulgaria, orders de- 
mobilization. 

— Bulgaria notifies Austrians and Germans to quit her 
territory within a month. 

— Imperial German Chancellor Prince Maximilian, in 
Reichstag, proposes an immediate suspension of hos- 
tilities. Entente Allies to be asked to state their peace 
terms. 

Oct. 6 — In Champagne region Germans retreat on 28- 
mile front. French capture heights around Nogent 
I'Abbesse ; occupy Pomade ; advance lines to south 
of Boult-sur-Suippe; cross the Aisne. Italians take 
Soupir. British capture town of Fresnoy, south of 
Cambrai. Germans retreat on 7-mile front in Rheims 
salient. United States troops capture St. Etienne, 
1,700 prisoners, including 48 ofiicers. Americans cross 
Scheldt Canal. Gen. Haig's forces reach Haute- 
Deurle Canal line. Germans continue retreat be- 
tween Lenz and Armentieres, evacuate Le Cateau, 15 
miles southeast of Cambrai. 

— German Chancellor Prince Maximilian, through Swiss 
Government, sends note to President Wilson request- 
ing him to take in hand restoration of peace, ac- 
quaint belligerents of request and invite them to send 
plenipotentiaries ; says German Government accepts 
Wilson programme of Jan. 8 and later addresses and 
requests immediate armistice. 

— Franco-Americans cross the Aisne. Gen. Berthelot's 
army crosses Aisne Canal north of Rheims. 

— Sir Eric Geddes, First Lord of British Admiralty, and 
members of Admiralty Board, arrive at an Atlantic 
port. 

— Italians take Dibra. 

— Serbians enter Vranje (about 50 miles south of Nish). 

— In Albania Italians reach Lindas. 



— Armed mercantile cruiser Otranto collides with steam- 
ship Reishniir off Scottish coast and sinks; 364 United 
States soldiers lost. 

Oct. 7 — French pursue Germans northeast of Rheims ; 
take Berry-au-Bac, cross Arnes River, take St. Mas- 
mes. northeast of Rheims. British advance on 4-mile 
front north of Scarpe River ; take 2 villages. United 
States troops strike on left wing east of the Argonne. 
British take villages of Biache-St. Vaast and Oppy. 
Germans set fire to Laon. 

— French sailors capture Beirut, seaport of Syria, on 
the Mediterranean. 

— Serbian troops advance north of Vranje, toward Nish; 
take 1,500 Austro-German prisoners. 

— United States troops drive enemy out of Chalet- 
Chehery and seize height west of the Aire. British and 
United .States troops attack between St. Quentin and 
Cambrai; advance about 2 miles on entire front; cap- 
ture Beaugard and Fremont. On left French, Scot- 
tish and Welsh take village of Serain. In center Brit- 
ish and Welsh take Malincourt. New Zealanders 
take Esnes. British take Fresnes-les-Montauban and 
Neuvireuil. 

— Italians advance north in Albania ; take city of El- 
bassan. 

- — French, on Suippe front, reach outskirts of Conde- 
sur-Suippe, and capture Bazancourt ; northeast of 
St. Quentin capture Fontaine-Uterte and Bellecourt 
Farm; also wood east of Tilloy, Hill 134 and village 
of Roucroy. 

— Between St. Quentin and Cambrai British and French 
advance over 3 miles. Hindenburg system penetrated 
south of Cambrai. Llnited States troops take Cornay. 

Oct. 8 — Serbians take Leskovatz, 25 miles south of Nish, 
and reach line of Lippvitza and Kassanecevich 10 
miles north of Leskovatz; take 3.000 prisoners. 

— Italian ileet, aided by United States submarine and 
French and British destroyers, attack and destroy 
-Austrian fleet and naval base of Durazzo. 

— British occupy Beirut ; take 60 Turkish officers, 600 
men. 

^Stockholm reports Norwegian steamship Gjertrud 
(593 tons) sunk b}' German submarine; 11 of crew 
missing. 

— Tlie President, through Secretary of State Lansing, 
asks Imperial German Government if it accepts terms 
laid down liy him on Jan. S, 1918. Says he could not 
propose armistice to Allies so long as German or Aus- 
trian armies are on their soil, and asks whether the 
Imperial Chancellor is speaking merely for the con- 
stituted authorities of the Empire, who have thus far 
conducted the war. 

Oct. 9 — Allies capture Cambrai, which the Germans, in 
retreating, set fire to. 

— United States troops break through Kriemhilde line 
on both sides of the Meuse, and with French, clear 
Argonne Wood. 

— United States aero bombing expedition of 200 bomb- 
ing airplanes, 100 pursuit machines, 50 triplanes, drop 
32 tons of explosives on German cantonment in area 
between Wavrille and Danvillers, about 12 miles north 
of Verdun ; during fight destroy 12 enemy planes. 
In addition, same day. United States airplanes brought 
down 5 German machines and balloons. 

— Serbians reach Goritza. 

— United States submarine chaser No. 219 sinks from 
an explosion; 1 killed, 1 missing; an officer and 8 men 
injured. 

— Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, brother-in-law of 
German Emperor, elected King of Einland by Finnish 
Landtag. 

British armored car batteries enter Ballber, 500 
Turks surrender to local inhabitants. 

Oct. 10 — British take Cambrai and advance 12 miles be- 
yond; take Le Cateau, important railway junction, 
and Roucroy, 7 miles northwest of Douai. French 
advance east of St. Quentin. United States troops 
capture Vaux-Andigny and St. Souplet, also Busigny, 
6 miles southwest of Le Cateau. 



XXIV 



Oct. 10 — Since beginning of St. JNIiliicl offensive United ■ — Week's British casualty list: Killed or died of 



States anti-aircraft cannon and machine guns have 
brought down 32 enemy planes; 20 by machine guns; 
12 by heavier guns. 

— Irish mail steamer Lcinster, carrying 6S7 passengers 
and a crew of 7.5, torpedoed in Irish Channel by Ger- 
man submarine; 480 lives lost. 

Oct. 11 — French continue pursuit of Germans east of 
St. Quentin, advance 4 miles, occupy Fieulaine, Neu- 
villette, Regny, Chatillon-sur-Oisc, and Thenelles ; 
south of Oise take Servais ; between Ailette and 
Aisne take Beaulieu-et-Chivy, Vermeuil, Cortonne 
and Bourg-et-Camin ; cross the Aisne, occupy Parg- 
nan and Ijeaurieux and capture Termcs, and Grand- 
pre railroad station. British capture lurvy (in angle 
between Selle River and Scheldt Canal) and Village 
of Briastre ; between the Scarpe and Quiery-la-Motte, 
take Sailly-cn-Ostrevcnt, Vitry-en-Artois, Izel-les- 
Equerchin, Drocourt and Fouquicres. 

Oct. 12 — Gen. Haig and British advance within a mile 
of Douai. Germans retire behind the Suesce Canal. 
French capture Vouziers. 

— At Metropolitan Opera House, New York City, the 
President receives from Associated Press unofficial 
text of Germany's reply to his questions of Oct. 8 — 
accepts terms of Mr. Wilson's address of Jan. 28, 1918 ; 
suggests a mi.Ked commission to make arrangements ; 
agrees to evacuation and claims to be supported by 
great majority of the Reichstag and to speak in the 
name of the German people. 

— The British hold villages of Hamel. Brebieres and 
Ceuiney and capture Montigny, Harnes and Anany. 
United States troops take Consenvoye Woods and 
Molleville Farm and are before St. Juvin and Cumel, 
which are in flames. United States troops .gain .'i 
miles on 40-mile front, defeat 7 German divisions ; 
capture 10,000 prisoners; take St. Mihiel, Thioncourt 
and other towns. 

— United States transport Amphian (7,109 tons), home- 
ward bound, has 2 hours' running fight with U-boat 
800 miles off Atlantic coast ; 8 men wounded, 2 fatally. 

— Serbians capture Nish. 

— Japanese troops, under Gen. Muto, arrive at Irkutsk; 
are welcomed by Gen. Ivanoff, War Minister of Omsk 
Government. 

Oct. 13 — French take Laon and La Fere. Gen. Gouraud 
reached Aisne bend below Rethel, 27 miles northeast 
of Rheims. The British cross the Sensee Canal ; 
take 200 prisoners. 5,000 civilians m villages and 
towns taken are liberated. 

— Since beginning Champagne offensive French have 
taken 21,567 pr'isoners (499 officers), 600 guns, 3,500 
machine guns, 200 mine throwers, a great quantity of 
munuions and war materials. 

— President Poincare, in Paris, makes Premier Hughes 
of Australia a grand officer of the Legion of Flonor. 

Oct. 14 — In Albania, Italians take Durazzo. French 
take Prizrend and Mitravitsa; are now 150 miles from 
Monastir and same from Sarajevo. 

Oct. 14 — British cavalry advance ; occupy Tripoli. 

— British attack on 20-mile front toward Lys River and 
get canal. Gen. Plumer's troops capture Menin Junc- 
tion. Belgians and French take Thourout and Rou- 
lers. French advance in Champagne, near Rethel. 
Allied line is within 2 miles of Courtrai. To the 
south British cross Haute-Deul Canal, on a 5-mile 
front. French and British reach the Courtrai-Ingel- 
manistcr railway. 

— In Flanders offensive so far 10,000 prisoners have been 
taken. 

— United States troops pass beyond Cumel and Ronag- 
ny, pierce positions of St. Georges and Landres-et-St. 
Georges ; take about 750 prisoners. United States 
patrol crosses Selle River near St. Souplet ; takes 30 
prisoners. Allies take Denaat, Bosehmolen, Gulleg- 
hem. Wulverghem and Wervicq. French capture 
Roulers. Belgians take Hazebrook, Gitsberg and Bev- 
erin. All take prisoners. Day's total, 7,100. Ger- 
mans react heavily in area north of Le Cateau. 



wounds, ofliccrs 552, men 6,9;i7 ; wounded or missing, 
officers 1,741, men 26,480. 

— France breaks diplomatic relations with Finland. 

— The President replies to Germany's peace offer in 
effect that military supremacy of armies of United 
States and Allies nuist be safeguarded, processes and 
methods left to military advisers; illegal and inhu- 
mane practices must cease and German people must 
alter their government so that no one power can of 
its single 'choice destroy the peace of the world. 

— M. Frank Bouillon, head of Parliamentary Commis- 
sion on Foreign Affairs, says France will insist on 
evacuation of occupied territory, including Alsace- 
Lorraine ; will demand guarantees for everything, 
taking German word for nothing. 

— New Turkisli Cabinet, Tewfik Pasha Premier, noti- 
fies Austria-llungary that owing to military condi- 
tions Turkey must conclude a separate peace with the 
Entente. 

Oct. 15 — United States troops widen breach in Kriem- 
liild line. German counter attacks fail. Left wing 
crosses the Aire and pass Grand Pre ; center takes 
Hill 286. British, in Selle Valley, take village of 
Haussy and 300 prisoners. Gen. Plumer in last 3 
days advances S miles in Flanders ; takes towns of 
Comincs, Wervicq, Menin, Wulverghem, Heule and 
Guerne. 

— United States transport America sinks at Hoboken 
pier. 

— British occupy Honis without opposition. 

— Czechs, in Prague, Bohemia, start revolt against rule 
of Austria; martial law proclaimed throughout Bo- 
hemia. 

Oct. 16 — British cross the Lys, between Armentieres 
and Menin. Southwest of Rethel French capture vil- 
lage of ."Xcy-Romance ; northwest of Sissonne take 
Notre Dame de Licsse and village of Talma. United 
States troops occupy town of Grand Pre ; capture La 
Musari Farm. French cavalry approach Thielt, 7 
miles from Ghent-Bruges Canal (10 miles from Hol- 
land border). British reach Quesnoy, 4 miles north 
of Lille; take Linselles. Belgians attack Bavichae, 
northeast of Courtrai. Liege division of Belgium 
captures German colonel, his staff and 2,000 men. 
Belgians cut Thourout-Ostcnd road and are astride 
of Thourout-Bruges Road. 

— .-Mlied forces, including LInited States troops, repulse 
Bolshevik attacks on banks of Dvina. Americans and 
Russians advance toward Welsk, 125 miles northeast 
of Vologda. 

— British cavalry occupy Tripoli, 45 miles north of 
Beirut. 

— London reports that up to July 31, India had con- 
tributed 1,115,189 men to the British Army. First 
Indian war loan, $200,000,000 ; a second loan still 
greater in amount not specified. 

— Germany's Federal Council accepts amendment to 
the Constitution ; Iiercafter consent of Federal Council 
and of the Reichstag required for peace treaties in 
case of declaration of war, except in case of invasion. 

— Baron Burian, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister 
says to Foreign Affairs Conmiittee of Austrian dele- 
gations, in discussing President's note: "We always 
establish an agreement with Germany."- 

Oct. 16 — Serbian troops capture Krushevatz, 30 miles 
northwest of Nish. German airplanes bomb Nish. 

— The French take Ipek, in Montenegro. 

Oct. 17 — Allied troops capture Ostend, Bruges and 
Lille, and occupy Douai. King Albert of Belgium 
and Queen Elizabeth enter Ostend. The French 
cross the Oise, S miles southwest of Guise. United 
States troops take ChatiUon Wood. 

— Germans bombard Dunkirk with long range guns ; 3 
Americans killed ; 1 man wounded. 

Oct. 18 — Allies take Zeebrugge, Bruges, Thielt, Tour- 
coing, Roubaix and many other small towns. Brit- 
ish take more of Lille salient. United States and Brit- 
ish troops attack east of Le Cateau, take Bazel. 
French troops retake Forest of Andigny and village 



XXV 



of Mennevret, a gain of 3 miles. United States in- 
fantry advance north of Romagne and take Banthe- 
ville; northwest of Grand Pre, take Talma Farm. 

• — More than 60 United States bombing planes attack 
Bayonville, Buzancy and other towns north of Grand 
Pre ; escorting planes bring down 10 German planes. 
140 United States planes raid beyond German lines 
and all return. They raid Remonville, Briquenay, 
Verpel, Clery-le-Grand, Aincreville and Inrecourt ; 
pursuit planes engage in 3.i aero tights, bring down 12 
enemy planes. 

— French Premier Clemenceau, in Chamber of Deputies, 
says : "Our victory does not spell revenge." 

— Czechs occupy Prague, in Bohemia. Czecho-SIovak 
National Council, sitting in Paris, formally declares 
independence. 

— Emperor Charles proclaims plan for federalization of 
Austria. 

• — Guatemala confiscates German owned electric light 
company at Guatemala City. 

Oct. 19 — British advance east of Lille toward Tournai. 
British. Americans and French press Germans along 
the Oise-Sambre Canal and in Argonne and Meuse 
region. Germans withdraw from Belgian and French 
front from North Sea to the Sambre. 6,000 Germans 
are caught between advancing troops and the Holland 
frontier above Eecloo. Germans evacuate Loges 
Wood on northwest and Bantheville Wood to the 
east. 

— Allies capture Zaietchar, close to Bulgarian border. 

— President says to Austria, in effect : "United States, 
having recognized Czecho-Slovaks, the terms of Jan. 
8 address no longer aoplies," and refuses an armistice. 

Oct. 20 — Allied forces drive back Gen. Ludendorfif's 40 
divisions above and below Valenciennes, on the 
Scheldt, a pivotal point. The British are within a 
mile of Valenciennes and within 7 miles of Ghent. 
The French surround city of Audenarde, 15 miles be- 
low Ghent. Gen. Gouraud attacks west of the Meuse; 
takes heights east of the Aisne, north and south of 
Vouzieres, 20 guns and many prisoners. United 
States troops advance on edge of Bois-de-Bantheville 
and in region of Bourretf ; clean up Bois-de-Rappes, 
take 80 prisoners; cross Oise Canal. 

— French and Serbs reach the Danube, in the region 
of Vielin (an important Bulgaria river town) ; across 
the Danube lies Califat, a Roumanian city. 

— German note, unofficial, is received by wireless. On 
its face accepts President Wilson's conditions ; claims 
Kaiser's personal arbitrary powers have been taken 
from him; denies barbarity; claims retreat destruc- 
tions permissible under international law. Subma- 
rines all recalled to their bases. 

Oct. 31 — British week's casualty list : Killed or died of 
wounds, officers 517, men 4,971; wounded or missing, 
officers 1.464, men 30,198. 

^British airmen attack barracks and railways at Metz ; 
7 battle machines missing. German airmen bomb re- 
gion around Clermont, Montfaucon and Rarecourt. 

— Serbian and French forces reach Paracin, 46 miles 
northwest of Nish, 85 miles southeast of Belgrade; 
take 1,000 Austro-German prisoners. 

— King George of England, in speech to inter-parlia- 
mentary delegates at Buckingham Palace, says : "Vic- 
tory is within reach and must be complete." 

— Socialist papers in Germany demand that the Kaiser 
abdicate. 

Oct. 22 — Chancellor Maximilian says in Reichstag, 
"German people will not submit to a peace by violence, 
nor will thev be brought blindlv to the conference 
table." 

Oct. 22 — British cross the Scheldt, 5 miles north of 
Tournai. French and Belgians advance toward 
Ghent, cross Lys Canal at several points. Allies drive 
toward Conde, with Mons as objective. British cap- 
ture Ourcq. French advance between Serre and the 
Oise ; reach Assis-sur-Serre and the St. Jacques Farm, 
northwest of Chalandry. Czecho-SIovak forces aid 
in the recapture of village of Terron. 



— Serbians occupy Massif of Mecka, and village of Cice- 
vak ; take 300 prisoners. 

— The Turks quit Tabriz, Persia. 

Oct. 23 — President Wilson replies to the German note, 
says he will take up question of armistice with his co- 
belligerents ; refers details to field commanders and 
says; "If we must deal with the present Imperial 
Government of Germany we cannot trust it and must 
demand surrender." 

— British gain on 17-mile front south of Valenciennes; 
approach Le Quesnoy; take Chatillon and Orrs. West 
of the Meuse United States forces take Bantheville, 
Brieulles and Hills 297, 299 and 281, Belle Joyeuse 
and Talma Farms. 

— In Serbia French continue advance and enter Nego- 
tin. 

— British airmen bomb railways at Burbacli and Saar- 
Briicken, chemical factories at Mannheim and rail- 
ways at Coblenz, near Mainz, and at Metz-Sablons. 

— Explosion in factory at Dessau, Germany, kills 70, 
wounds 50. 

— Count Karoiyi, in Hungarian Unterhaus, moves a res- 
olution for independence of Hungary and a separate 
peace and demands resignation of Wekerle cabinet. 

Oct. 24 — British advance on 25-mile front between Sam- 
bre Canal and the Scheldt, take 7,000 prisoners and 
more than 100 .guns ; forest of Raismes is cleared ; 
forest of Mormal reached. Allied line is witliin 15 
miles of Maubeuge. British also take villages of Neu- 
ville, Salesches and Beau-Degnes, Thiers Haute Rive 
and Thun. On the Oise front, French cross canal 
east of Grand Verly ; on the right reach road be- 
tween La Fere-Chevresis and Ferrier Farm. United 
States troops take Bois Belleau. 

— in Monte Grappa sector Italians cross Ornic River; 
take Monte Solarolo, part of Monte Pressolan and 
Monte Pertica. Italians, aided by British and French, 
have thus far taken 3,000 prisoners. On Asiago Pla- 
teau French take Monte Sisenol. 

— Gen. Joseph Haller is named Commander-in-Chief of 
Polish forces fighting with the Allies. 

Oct. 25 — Germans push back British on the Scheldt and 
the Sambre and the French on the Oise and Serre. 
British in 2 days take 9,000 prisoners, 150 guns. Brit- 
ish cross railway between Le Quesnoy and Mainz and 
the Ecaillon River. The French cross the Serre be- 
tween Crecy and Montiers. 

— Germans in Argonne region are damming rivers and 
flooding the country to stop LTnited States advance. 
British advance 2% miles. French take 3,155 pris- 
oners. French cross the Danube into Roumania. 

— Serbian troops take heights south of Kraguyevatz. 

— Count Andrassy succeeds Baron Burian as Austrian 
Premier. Count Albert Acnonyi succeeds I^i. Wek- 
erle as Hungarian Premier. 

— Col. Edward M. House, President Wilson's persona! 
representative, reaches Paris. 

— British Admiralty publishes navy figures : Fleet in- 
creased during war from 2,500,000 tons to 6.500,000 
tons; personnel from 146,000 to 406,000. Soldiers 
transported 21„500.000; lost 4,391. 

Oct. 26 — British troops cross Rhonelle and circle Valen- 
ciennes ; take Famars and 1,000 prisoners. The 
French press east from the Oise and northeast from 
the Serre toward Hirson; take Mont Carmel and 
Angelfontaine. 

• — A German official paper at Berlin announces that the 
Emperor has accepted a request for retirement made 
by General of Infantry Ludendorff, the First Quarter- 
master General and commander in time of peace of 
25th Infantry Brigade. Despatches from the German 
capital indicate that the resignation had been forced 
by the pro-peace majority in the Reichstag. Luden- 
dorff was the soldier who, on account of his reputa- 
tion as an expert in retreat tactics, was put on the 
western front to extricate the Crown Prince's armies 
from the tightening grasp of the Allied forces. 

Oct. 26 — In last 4 days Allies have taken 15,000 pris- 
oners ; German casualties have been 50,000. 



XX\ I 



Oct. 26 — Italians continue advance on movnitain and 
Piave fronts ; take 2.000 Austrian prisoners and ad- 
vance in Albania. 

— British, under Gen. Allenby, occupy Aleppo. In Mes- 
opotamia. Gen. Marshall continues pursuit of Turks 
on both sides of Tigris. 

Oct. 27 — French advance 5 miles between the Oise and 
the Serre. Reach outskirts of Guise ; take Crecy-sur- 
Serre. Baheris, Maequigney and Praix-Landifey, Mon- 
ceau-le-Neuf and Montigny-sur-Serre, Origny-Ste. 
Bemoite, Couriuelles and Cbevreis-Monceau. On the 
Verdun front east of the Meuse. United States troops 
attack and take Bois Belleau. East of Rethel United 
States troops advance two-thirds of a mile. Germans 
counter attack British at Famars and are repulsed. 

— Italians and British cross the Piave, take the Island 
of Grave di Pedcdopoli. 

Oct. 28 — Germans counter attack the French on the 
Oise front. French advance east of the Peron. in re- 
gion northeast of Bois-les-Pargny. British south of 
Valenciennes advance between the Rhonclle and the 
Scheldt; take 100 prisoners. British troops enter Lys 
and are welcomed with enthusiasm. Americans east 
of the Meuse attack Germans in Consenvoye Wood 
and Ormont Wood and are repulsed. 

— .Allies on 4S-mile front drive Austrians 5 miles from 
the Piave toward the Livenga. Congeliano is taken 
and 15.000 prisoners. 

• — Gen. Pershing's artillery bombards the Germans I.ong- 
uyon-Mezieres shuttle service. 

• — Hungary sends note, signed by Count Andrassy, new 
Foreign Austro-Hungarian Minister, that it accepts 
all conditions, including independence of Czecho-Slo- 
vaks and Jugo-Slavs is ready for armistice. 

— M. Poincare, President of France, receives Col. Ed- 
ward M. Flouse. 

— British Food Controller increases retail price of meat 
and reduces meat rations to ^4"Pound per week per 
person, except ham and bacon. 

^Kaiser Wilhelm writes to Imperial Chancellor, Prince 
Maximilian of Baden, approving of transfer of "fun- 
damental rights of the Kaiser's person" to the people. 

Oct. 29 — Fierce fighting continues on mile wide strip 
between the Scheldt and the Rhonelle. United States 
artillery bombard extensions of main line into Con- 
flans and sweep areas near Spincourt and nearby 
towns for miles. Germans shell Bantheville and 
Cunel. Civilians in panic flee from Rhine towns, 
taking their deposits from banks. 

— Day's United States casualties: Army, 360; marine 
corps, 69. 

— United States airmen bomb Montigny and Danvil- 
lers ; 5 United States planes on reconnaissance mis- 
sions are lost. 

— Serbians advance 12 miles; now witliin 45 miles of 
Belgrade. 

— From Oct. 14 to 27 Allied armies in Flanders took 
18.293 prisoners (441 officers), 509 guns, 1,200 ma- 
chine guns. 

— In Germany the Federal Council approves bill passed 
by Reichstag Oct. 26, providing that sanction of 
Reichstag and Bundesrat is necessary for a declara- 
tion of war ; that the Chancellor is responsible for the 
Kaiser's political actions and the Minister of War is 
responsible to the Reichstag. 

^Count Andrassy, Austrian Foreign Minister, sends 
note to Secretary of State Lansing, requesting imme- 
diate armistice and communicates it to the French, 
British, Japanese and Italian Governments, begging 
for their approval and support. ' 

Oct. 30 — Italians advance 12 miles beyond the Piave, 
reach the Livenza on 50-mile front ; take more than 
100 towns and villages; take Seguisino and Monte 
Cosen. United States troops take Aincreville and ad- 
vance for about two miles. French advance on north 
bank of the Oise ; take Beaufort Farm. Between the 
Lys and the Scheldt, near Famars and Englefontaine 
Germans repulse attacks. 

— French advance on north bank of Oise, west of 
Guise, take Beaufort Farm ; advance on right of 

XXV 



the Peron. French occupy enemy trenches south of 
Guise and approach road between Guise and Herie-la- 
Vieville. Germans make 2 unsuccessful raids m Lor- 
raine. LTnited States troops occupy Aincreville. north 
of Verdun. Belgian official statement savs prisoners 
taken Oct. 14 to 27, in Flanders, number 18,293 (331 
officers), 509 guns, over 1,200 machine guns. On 
Italian front British reach Roncadelle. Ormelle, Fon- 
tainelle and line of Monticano River to Ramara ; cross 
the Monticano about 6 miles beyond the Piave. Aus- 
tria recognizes Czecho-Slovak nation. Gen. Weber, 
Austrian, and deputation apply to Gen. Diaz for armis- 
tice ; application forwarded to Supreme War Council 
at Versailles. Passenger and merchandise traffic be- 
tween Germany and Austria ceases. Entire Turkish 
force on Tigris, about 7,000, surrender. Rioting in 
Budapest ; banks attacked and stores looted. 

Oct. 31 — Italian troops reach Ponte Delle Alpi. north- 
"ast of City of Belluno, take height of Cescme, ridge 
between valleys of Follina and Piave ; occupy Pass 
of Serravalle ; in Grappa region take Col Caprile, Col 
Bonato, Asolone, Mount Prassolan, salient of Solaro, 
Mount Spinoncia and Plateau of .Asiago. Prisoners 
taken thus far over 50,000. Italians have 54 divisions 
and are assisted by less than 4 Allied divisions. 

Nov. 1 — Gen. Pershing's forces advance to northeast of 
Grandpre, capture a dozen or more fortified villages 
and 3,000 prisoners ; take Andevanne and clear the 
Bois des Loges. Hungarian Republic proclaimed in 
Budapest, where the national colors, red, white and 
green, are displayed ; mobs release military and polit- 
ical prisoners ; Emperor Charles escapes to GodoUo, 
20 miles northeast of Budapest. The red flag of So- 
cialism is hoi.sted in Vienna. National Assembly 
meets in Vienna and accepts a new Constitution with- 
out the crown. Victor Adler, Socialist, is Foreign 
Secretary ; Cavalry Captain Meyer, War Minister ; 
Dr. Maboja, Social Democrat, Minister of Interior; 
Dr. Steinwender, German Nationalist, Minister of Fi- 
nance. 

Nov. 2 — .\bove Verdun United States troops advance an 
average of 25^ miles on 14-mile front ; in last 2 
days take 3,000 prisoners, 60 heavy cannon, hundreds 
of machine guns : capture Fosse, 8 miles southwest 
from Stenay ; railway junctions in regions of Mont- 
medy and Longuyon under fire of United States big 
guns. Paris reports since drive began on western 
front, July 15, .-Mlied armies have taken 362.355 pris- 
oners (7,990 officers), 6,217 cannon, 38,622 machine 
guns, 3,907 mine throwers. During October Allies 
captured 103,343 prisoners (2,472 officers), 2,064 can- 
non, 13,639 machine guns, 1,198 mine throwers. Brit- 
ish casualties reported during October total 158,825 
officers and men. 

— Italians advance on 125-mile front, reach Tagliamento 
River : in present oflfensive have freed over 1,000 
square miles of conquered territory, taken 80,000 pris- 
oners, 1,600 guns ; booty taken exceeds in value $800,- 
000,000. In the Trentino Italians advance as far as 
Sugana Valley passing the Austrian frontier. 

— British take villages of Preseau, Valenciennes, Marly, 
advance northeast of Maresches; capture hamlet of 
St. Hubert and farms in that region. United States 
troops take and pass beyond St. Georges, Imecourt, 
Landreville, Chennery, Remonville, Estanne and Clery- 
le-Grand. 

■ — Italian Government announces that officer of -Austrian 
General Staff presented himself at front of Italian 
lines bearing credentials, asking to discuss armistice ; 
Gen. Diaz referred question to Premier Orlando, now 
in Paris, who informs Inter-Allied Conference, which 
discusses and defines armistice conditions and charged 
Gen. Diaz in name of Governments of Allies and of 
LTnited States to communicate them to .Austrian white 
flag bearers. 

— King Boris abdicates throne of Bulgaria ; Peasant 
Government established at Tirnova under leadership 
of M. .Stambulivsky (pardoned by King Ferdinand 
Sept. 30). 

■II 



Nov. 3 — United States troops advance to within 4 miles 
of Stenay, take many towns, prisoners and much boo- 
ty; Gen. Pershing's men, witli Gen. Haig's and French, 
reach Ghent outskirts, enter Audenarde. United 
States bombing air machines attack Martincourt, 
Mouzay, Beauclair and Beaufort. French and Amer- 
icans clear enemy out of Bourgogne Woods and 
whole of Argonne region ; take Chatillon-sur-Barre 
and Bois du Chcsne, Toges, Belleville, Quatre-Champs, 
Noirval and Les Alleux. 

— Italians capture Trent. Italian forces land at Trieste. 
Italian cavalry enter Udine, chief Austrian base in 
Italy. In drive more than 100,000 prisoners taken and 
over 2,200 guns ; entire regiments surrender to Gen. 
Diaz. 

— Jugo-Slaves seize Austro-Hungarian fleet, except Vir- 
ibus Unitis, recently sunk by Italians, and send wire- 
less to President Wilson offering to hand vessels over 
to United States Government or representatives of 
Allied navies. 

• — Serbian Army occupies Belgrade. 

Nov. 4 — British take Valenciennes, advance 5 miles on 
30-mile front and are half way through Mormal For- 
est; take 10,000 prisoners, 200 guns; on northern flank 
approach Belgian border. First British division take 
villages of Fesmy, Hautreve and La Groise ; 32d di- 
vision takes Ruedenhaut and drives enemy from Mez- 
;eres. La Folle and Sambreton ; 13th division take 
Soyers, Prcux-au-Bois, Hecq, Futoy and Louvignies. 
Franco-American troops and Belgians, under King Al- 
bert, are in outskirts of Ghent and in possession of 
Audenarde. All towns on west bank of Meuse south 
of Halles now in American hands. United States 
troops penetrate village of Beaumont and occupy 
Lauenville, opposite Stenay ; take Les Grandes Ar- 
moises, an advance of over 3 miles. United States 
troops now 7% miles from Carignan, on INIezieres- 
Metz railroad, and 9 miles from Sedan. 

— Austria accepts truce terms — immediate ending of 
hostilities by land, on sea and in air ; demobilization 
of Austro-Hungarian Army, immediate withdrawal 
from North Sea to Switzerland, half of equipment to 
be surrendered ; evacuation of all territory invaded 
since war began, military and railway equipment and 
coal to be given up ; no new destruction, pillage or 
requisitions ; right of free movement over territory 
and ineans of communication ; evacuation in 15 days 
of all German troops, any remaining to be interned ; 
local authorities of evacuated territory to administer 
under Allied control ; repatriation without reciproc- 
ity of all Allied prisoners of war and interned sub- 
jects of civil populations; naval conditions, definite in- 
formation of location and movements of Austro-Hun- 
garian ships to be given ; surrender of 1.5 submarines 
and all German submarines now in or hereafter en- 
tering Austro-Hungarian waters ; other surface war 
ships to be disarmed; 34 war ships to be surrendered; 
freedom of the Adriatic and up the Danube; Allies 
and United States to occupy or dismantle fortifica- 
tions ; blockade conditions unchanged, naval aircraft 
to be concentrated at designated bases ; evacuation of 
Italian coasts, occupation by Allies and United States 
of land and sea fortifications ; merchant vessels to be 
returned ; no destruction of ships or material ; naval 
and marine prisoners to be returned wnthout reci- 
procity. 

—People in Vienna reported to be delirious with joy 
at peace news. 

^Armistice with Austria goes into eflfect at 3 P. M. 

Before that Italy had 300,000 prisoners, 5,000 guns. 
— President Wilson cables felicitations to King of Italy. 
Secretary Lansing sends message to Baron Sonnino, 
Italian Minister of Foreign AfTairs, now in Versailles. 
— Allies settle on and sign truce terms for Germany. 

— Chilian Government seizes all German interned trade 

ships. 
— New (Omsk) Russian Government rescues from 
"Reds" $400,000,000 in gold taken from Petrograd to 
Kazan by Bolsheviki. 



XXV 



Nov. 5 — Marshal Foch has the Allies' armistice terms 
ready for the Germans. 

■ — Southward from Ghent the Americans went further 
over tlie Scheldt, above Audenarde, while south of 
there British forces occupied a wide stretch of the 
eastern river bank. 

• — Pershing's 1st Army continued its advance on 
botli banks of the Meuse. Crossings were made north 
and south of Dun and large forces made good their 
hold on the hills of the eastern bank and pressed on 
toward Stenay, from which they were distant 6 miles, 
and Montmedy. By an advance of more than 4 miles 
on the center (where the Metropolitan Division from 
New York has been operating) they passed beyond 
Raucourt Wood to within 5 miles of the point where 
the great trunk line to Metz crosses the river and 
within 8 miles of Sedan. 

— The Allies began the siege of Ghent, the stronghold 
on the Scheldt River, with American, Belgian, British 
and French units participating and with the Queen of 
the Belgians watching, in the van of the attack, the 
smashing of the city's defenses. Germans already re- 
ported to have withdrawn their main forces from the 
city. 

— The American forces later captured Liny-devant-Dun 
and Milly-devant-Dun, 6 miles south of Stenay, east 
of the Meuse. They were also occupying the hills on 
the east bank of the river, despite a stiff machine gun 
resistance by the Germans. 

— Between the Sambre Canal and the Argonne the 
French advanced more than 6 miles at points. They 
captured more than 4,000 prisoners and at least 60 
cannon. 

Nov. 6 — Reports from the center of the American line 
are to the efifect that the town of Mouzon is on fire 
and that part of Sedan is burning. Its footing estab- 
lished east of the Meuse, the American Army has 
forced its way along both banks of the river, within 
6 miles of Sedan. 

— American and French troops continue their advance. 
Murvaux, north of the Freya line and east of Dun, 
was reached this afternoon, and operations about the 
heights to the east of Sedan are under way. 

— The British, further west, are 4 miles within the 
trunk line connecting Northern France and Lorraine, 
threatening to divide the enemy's forces into 3 armies, 
with precarious roads of retreat. 

— As a result of the menace on the flanks, the Germans 
are retreating fast in the center, leaving guns and sup- 
plies. Following fast on them the French forged 
ahead from 5 to 7 miles from Guise to the point of 
their junction with the American forces west of the 
Meuse. 

Nov. 7 — The Americans have not only captured Sedan 
in their advance on both sides of the Meuse, but have 
made a jump toward the Briey iron mines, which the 
Longuyon line protects. Longuyon for several days 
has been under the fire of American guns. With that 
part of Sedan resting on the western bank of the 
river occupied, the American Army is coi.solidating 
its positions and preparing for a further advance. It 
was contingents of the noted Rainbow Division and 
of the 1st Division that made the final whirlwind dash 
into Sedan. 

— The French advanced 10 miles at points, directly men- 
acing the German center communications. More than 
100 villages were taken. 

— British forces are continuing their progress along the 
Franco-Belgian battle line. Northeast of Valen- 
ciennes they have reached the outskirts of Quievrain 
and Crespi'n, close to the Belgian border. Further 
south the town of Angre has been taken. Southeast 
of the Mormal Forest the British have captured Mon- 
ceau-St. Vaast and Dompierre, 3 miles northwest of 
the railway junction of Avesnes. 

— Advices from neutral sources indicate that the out- 
breaks at Kiel and Hamburg and the suburbs of the 
latter citv are assuming serious proportions, the cor- 
respondent of the Copenhagen Politik at Vamdrup 
reporting violent artillery firing in the streets of Ham- 
burg. 

Ill 



Nov. 7 — A premature publication in afternoon newspap- 
ers that peace terms had been agreed to by Germany 
made New York City delirious with joy; whistles and 
sirens blew, bells rang, business was practically aban- 
doned and the streets filled up with merrymakers very 
similar to an old night before New Year celebration. 
The excitement continued to a late hour in spite of 
publication of denials of authenticity of report. 

- — Admiral Henry B. Wilson, commander of the Amer- 
ican naval forces in French waters, later said he au- 
thorized the giving out of the announcement of the 
alleged signing, believing it to be authentic. 

— Twenty thousand deserters from the German Army 
are marching through the streets of Berlin. 

— A large part of the German Navy and a great part 
of Schleswig are in the hands of the revolutionists, 
according to reports received in Copenhagen from 
Kiel and forwarded by the Exchange Telegraph Com- 
pany. All of the workshops have been occupied by 
the Red troops and Kiel is governed by a Marines' 
Soldiers' and Workers' Council. All the street car 
lines and railways are under control of this council. 

^Virtually all the German fleet has revolted, according 
to a despatch received from The Hague. The men are 
masters at Kiel, Wilhelmshaven, Heligoland, Borkum 
and Cuxhaven. 

- — In taking over the battleship Kaiser at Kiel the officers 
attempting to defend the German flag were over- 
powered, and 2 of them, including the commander, 
were killed and a number of others were wounded, 
says the Cologne Gazette. Three companies of infan- 
try sent to Kiel to restore order joined the revolu- 
tion and a fourth company was disarmed. During 
the night, hussars sent from Wandsbeck were forced 
to turn back by sailors armed with machine guns. 

Nov. 8 — Germany's armistice delegates were received 
by Marshal Foch at 9 A. M. in a railroad car in which 
the Commander-in-Chief has his headquarters. Mat- 
thias Erzberger, leader of the enemy delegation, speak- 
ing in French, announced that the German Govern- 
ment had appointed them plenipotentiaries to take 
cognizance of the terms, and eventually to sign an 
armistice. Marshal Foch then read the terms to them, 
dwelling upon each word. They made a few observa- 
tions, pointing out difficulties in the way of carrying 
out some secondary clauses. Then Erzberger asked 
for a suspension of hostilities. This request Marshal 
Foch refused. The delegates having obtained per- 
mission to send a courier to Spa, German great head- 
quarters, and communicate with that place by wire- 
less, withdrew. The armistice terms called for an 
answer within 72 hours, expiring at 11 A. M. Monday. 

— The French have reached Mezieres, the railroad junc- 
tion on the left of the American front on the Meuse. 
Gen. Gouraud holds the west bank of the Meuse from 
Sedan to the outskirts of Mezieres. His troops ad- 
vanced from 5 to 8 miles in a day. Scores of vil- 
lages were liberated. Artillery and supplies were 
rushed up over roads deep with mud and the German 
resistance became stiffer. 

— The Americans have imnroved their positions beyond 
Sedan on both sides of the river, consolidating their 
tremendous gains of the last 4 days. 

^The British not only have taken the stronghold of 
Avesnes and vital junction of the enemy's connec- 
tions between the north and south armies, but have 
pushed their line to within 2 miles of Maubeuge, a 
total gain of 5 miles on a front of more than 30 miles. 

— Emperor William has refused a demand of the Social- 
ists that he and the Crown Prince abdicate. Chancel- 
lor Maximilian, unable to control the Socialists, who 
are the most powerful bloc in the Reichstag major- 
ity, has resigned. 

— A popular uprising in Munich has resulted in the 
proclamation of a republic in Bavaria. 

— The rebels who raised the red flag at Kiel now con- 
trol all the North Sea Coast of Germany and part 
of the Baltic shore. Prince Henry of Prussia, the 
Kaiser's brother, fled under a red flag from Kiel, 
fired on by revolutionists. 

XXI 



— Rebellious movements are reported in the great in- 
dustrial district about Essen. 

Nov. 9 — "The Kaiser and King has decided to renounce 
the throne," officially announces the retiring Chan- 
cellor, Prince Maximilian of Baden. Prince Max 
acted a few hours as Regent. 

— Revolt of the soldiers, sailors and workmen, which 
began at Kiel, has spread over Germany until the 
movement has embraced practically all northeastern 
and northwestern sections of the empire. Rebellions 
have occurred in Hanover, Cologne, Brunswick and 
Magdeburg, the latter city 80 miles southwest of 
Berlin. 

— The population of the Polish Province of Plock has 
risen against the Germans and there have been con- 
flicts in which a number of persons of both sides have 
been killed. 

Nov. 9 — At Berlin the Socialists have taken over the 
new Government. 

— The commander at Kiel and Naval Capt. Heine were 
shot and killed while resisting arrest. 

— A general railway strike has been started in Germany. 
Owing to the run on the banks in Berlin these in- 
stitutions have stopped payment. 

— Six German battleships anchored outside of Flens- 
burg in Schleswig have directed their guns against 
the revolutionists. The battleship Konig. which re- 
fused to surrender, was captured after a fight. 

— The retired Prussian General, Gustav Ahlborn, 82 
years old. a veteran of the Franco-Prussian War, com- 
mitted suicide at the foot of the Bismarck statue in 
Brunswick. 

— The Americans advanced everywhere along their line. 
The enemy artillery fire was from large calibre guns, 
indicating positions a great distance away. One 
American division reached Mouzay in its forward 
march, despite machine gun resistance and a fire from 
mine throwers. Five American ambulances drove by 
mistake into the German lines northeast of Lion-de- 
vant-Dun and were captured. Comrades organized a 
rescue party and returned with the ambulances, 4 
prisoners and 3 guns. The Americans are in control 
of both sides of the Meuse and occupied Remoiville 
Wood. They crossed the river at iNIouzon, thus mak- 
ing their line on both sides complete from Villers-de- 
vant-Mouzon southward. 

— The British battleship Britannia was torpedoed near 
the west entrance to the Straits of Gibraltar and sank 
3% hours later, according to an Admiralty announce- 
ment ; aO officers and 673 men were saved. The Brit- 
annia, which had a displacement of 16,3.50 tons, was 
launched at Portsmouth Dec. 10, 1004. She was 453.7 
feet in length, had a speed of approximately 19 knots 
an hour and carried a peace time complement of 777 
men. Her main armament consisted of 4 13-inch 
guns. 

— Field Marshal Haig announced the capture of the for- 
tress of Maubeuge by the Guards and 62d Divisions. 
British troops have made progress south of that town 
and are east of the Avesnes-Maubeuge road. North 
of Tournai the British are on the east bank of the 
Scheldt, about Herinnes and Herchem. South of 
Maubeuge the British are pushing eastward and are 
beyond the Avesnes-Maubeuge road. 

— French cavalry crossed the Belgian frontier, over- 
throwing the enemy rearguards, taking prisoners and 
capturing guns, material and railway trains. Glageon, 
Formies, Hirson, Anor and St. Michel were occupied. 
Our forces continued their pursuit beyond these local- 
ities on the general line of Momignies, the northern 
outskirts of the St. Michel Forest, Maquenoise and 
Philippe Forge. Further east, after having forced a 
passage on the Thon and Aube Rivers, they occupied 
the plateau to the north, took Signy-le-Petit and 
reached the Mezieres-Hirson railway at the village 
of Wagny and south of Maubert-Fontaine. On the 
right they reached and surrounded Mezieres and Mo- 
hon, and crossed the Meuse further east, opposite 
Lumes. 



Nov. 9 — Belgian troops are standing along the Ghcnt- 
Terneu^en Canal from the Dutch frontier to the Ghent 
Station. The French troops in Belgium, advancing 
beyond the Scheldt, were able to occupy Welden and 
Edelaere. East of Melden the Heights of Koppen- 
berg were captured. 

— Friedrich Ebert. upon assuming office at Berlin as 
Chancellor, issued a proclamation announcing that 
the new Governmetn at Berlin had taken charge of 
Business to prevent civil war and famine. In a man- 
ifesto addressed to the "citizens" of Germany the 
Chancellor said he was going to form a people's 
Government to bring about peace "as quickly as pos- 
sible," and to confirm the liberty which the Govern- 
ment has gained. 

Nov. 10 — The German courier from the meeting place 
of the armistice negotiations arrived at German grand 
headquarters at 10 A. M. He had been delayed by 
an explosion of an ammunition depot, which he mis- 
took for firing. 

■ — The revolution spreads throughout Germany, headed 
by Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils. 

— Lieut. Krupp von Bolilen and Halbach, the head of 
the Krupp works, and his wife have been arrested. 

— The e.x-Kaiser and suite flee to Holland, arriving at 
Eysden, on the frontier, at 7 :30 A. M. Thence he 
went to the Chateau Middachten, owned by Count 
William F. C. H. von Bentinck, at de Steeg, a town 
on the Guelders Yssel, an arm of the Rhine, 12 miles 
from the German border. 

— Count zu Reventlow flees to Denmark. Among the 
incidents of the revolution is the renunciation by the 
Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar and his family of the 
right of exemption from taxation. 

• — Wilhelm H. the reigning King of Wurttemberg abdi- 
cated on Friday night, according to Havas Agency 
despatches from Basel. 

— The 1st and 2d American armies in their attacks ex- 
tending along die Moselle and the Meuse advanced 
on a front of 71 miles. French troops operating un- 
der the American command also advanced at various 
points. The captured territory includes the German 
stronghold of Stenay, Brimoucourt, east of Verdun, 
and numerous villages and fortified positions in Lor- 
raine. The entire district in the region of Stenay was 
flooded by the Germans, who dammed the canals and 
rivers. The Americans crossed the River Aleuse 
from below, took Stenay in a great northward push. 
The Germans shelled the Verdun road in the regions 
of Cesse, Beaumont, Mouzon and Balan. The Mou- 
zon Bridge was broken in 2 places. Along the Meuse 
from the region of Sedan to Stenay the enemy ma- 
chine gunners, clinging to the Iiills overlooking the 
river, kept flares burning all during Saturday night, 
preventing the Americans from crossing. 

— The British have entered the outskirts of Mons. It 
was here the original "contemptibles" made their first 
stand against von Kluck. South of the city Haig's 
forces have crossed the Belgian border. Several rail- 
road trains were taken as British advance guards 
pressed east of Maubeuge. 

— In Vienna and Neustadt the aeroplane hangars liave 
been burned. At Salzburg there has been shooting in 
the streets. From Aussig and Pettau hunger revolts 
are reported, the military food stores being plundered. 
A Vienna despatch to the Berlin Vossische Zeitung 
says : "The former Austrian navy has ceased to ex- 
ist. The most valuable warships are lying at the bot- 
tom of the sea. Austrian naval officers who arrived 
this morning from Laibach relate that the Jugo-Slavs, 
to whom the fleet was handed, blew up all the biggest 
ships at Pola, valued at $14,000,000, to prevent their 
falling into the hands of the Italians. 

— The Czecho-Slovak press agency wires from Laibach : 
"Italian military forces liave occupied Trieste. The 
Slovene National Council has protested." The Jugo- 
slav National Council at Agram has sent a deputa- 
tion to the Serbian troops now occupying Mitrowitza, 
askin.g that the Serbians occupy the whole of Jugo- 
slavia. 



XXX 



— The first member of royalty in the Austrian entour- 
age has arrived in Switzerland with an Italian per- 
mit. He is the Duke of Braganza, former pretender 
to the throne of Portugal, who sought refuge in Aus- 
tria and joined Emperor Charles's army. He has 
reached Samadan, near St. Moritz. 

■ — More than a quarter of a million of Italian prison- 
ers of war held in Austria have been returned to 
Italy. Sick and wounded men will be returned later 
by way of Switzerland. 

— King Victor Emmanuel of Italy made a triumphal 
entry into Trieste. The entire population welcomed 
him. The King, who was accompanied by Gen. Diaz, 
other generals and Lieut. Commander Rizzo, arrived 
on the destroyer Audace. The King was showered 
with flowers as he made his way to the City Hall. 

Nov. 11 — German envoys signed the .Allied armistice 
terms at Senlis, at S A. M., Paris time, which took 
effect at 11 A. M., Paris time (6 A. M. New York 
time). Delay for evacuation prolonged by 24 hours 
for tlie left bank of the Rhine besides the 5 days; 
therefore, 31 days in all. A supplementary declara- 
tion to the armistice terms was signed to the effect 
that in the event of the 6 German battle cruisers, 10 
battleships, 8 light cruisers and 50 destroyers not be- 
ing handed over owing to a mutinous state, the Al- 
lies reserve the right to occupy Heligoland as an ad- 
vance base to enable them to enforce the terms. 

— The Grand Duke of Oldenbur.g has been detlironed 
and the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin has 
abdicated, according to despatches from Hamburg. 

— President ^Vilson reads the terms of the German ar- 
mistice to Congress in joint session and announces the 
end of the war. Similar declarations were made to 
the British Parliament, the French National Assem- 
bly, and at other Allied capitals. In New York and 
other great cities the event was hailed by celebrations. 

— Dr. Solf, German Foreign Secretary, addres.ses a mes- 
sage to Secretary of State Lansing requesting that 
President Wilson intervene to mitigate "the fearful 
conditions" existing in Germany. He says the en- 
forcement of the conditions of the armistice, especially 
the surrender of transport, means the starvation of 
millions, and requests that the President's influence 
be directed to overcoming this danger. 

— Field Marshal von Hindenburg has placed himself and 
the German army at the disposition of the new peo- 
ple's government at Berlin. He asked the Cologne 
Soldiers and Workers' Council to send delegates to 
German main headquarters at once. Von Hindenburg 
said he had taken this action "in order to avoid 
chaos." 

— King Friedrich August of Saxony has been dethroned, 
according to an official telegram from Berlin. 

• — When fighting ended the German front line opposite 
the 1st American Army, running south and north, 
was approximately as follows . From north of the 
Chateau d'Hannancelles, through the Bois de Lavale, 
the Bois de Manheulles, the Bois Masseneue, thence 
northwest, passing east to Blanzee, east of Grimau- 
court, cast and north of Nobras Woods, thence 
through the Grand Chenas, east of Bezonvaux, 
through the Herbebois Woods, east and north of Hill 
319, north of Chaumont-devant-Damvillers and Hill 
324, to the east side of the Thiente Biook and the 
Damvillers-Metz road, north of Remoiville to the 
north of the Forest of Woevre and Paalon, to east 
and north of Stenay, and thence north and slightly 
west to the end of the sector north of Mouzon, along 
the Meuse. 

— The front of the 2d .\rmy from south to nortli was : 
Nomeny to Eply, through the Bois Voirrotte, through 
the Bois Frehaut, to the Moselle River and up the 
river to a point about two-thirds of a mile south of 
Pagny and thence west to a point one-tliird of a mile 
south of Preny. Thence through Remberecoun to the 
north of the Bois Dommartin, and the Mainbois Farm 
skirting the northern end of Lake Lachaussee. tlirough 
the Bois les Hautes Epines, through the Bois de Wa- 



vrille, St. Hilaire, Marcheville, Riaville to one-third 
of a mile south of Ville-en-Woevre. 

— On the front of the 1st and 2d Armies, between the 
Meuse and the Moselle, Allied troops hold the former 
German front line villages of Ronvaux, Watronville, 
Blanzee, Moranville, Abaucourt, Dieppe and Bezon- 
vaux. 

— Thousands of American heavy guns fired the parting 
shot at the Germans at exactly 11 A. M. At many 
batteries the artillerists joined hands, forming a long 
line, as the lanyard of the final shot. There were a 
few seconds of silence as the shells shot through the 
heavy mist. Then the gunners cheered. American 
flags were raised by the soldiers over their dugouts 
and guns and at the various headquarters. Individual 
groups unfurled the Stars and Stripes, shook hands 
and cheered. Soon afterward they were preparing 
for luncheon. All the boys were hungry, as they had 
breakfasted early in anticipation of what they consid- 
ered the greatest day in .A-merican history. 

— Mons was taken by the British, and from Belgium 
to the Meuse the German line was near collapse be- 
fore the Allied forces got orders to stop punishing 
the foe. The latest British report says : "At the ces- 
sation of hostilities this morning we had reached the 
general line of the Franco-Belgian frontier, east of 
Avesnes, Jeumont, Sivry, 4 miles east of Mons, 
Chievres, Lessines and Gammont." 

— The latest French report says : "In the fifty-second 
month of a war without precedent in history the 
French Army, with the aid of the Allies, has achieved 
the defeat of the enemy." 

— Canada's casualties in the war up to 11 days before 
the capture of Mons, on the final morning of the con- 
flict, totalled 211,358 men, it was announced here to- 
day. These are classified as follows : Killed in ac- 
tion, 34,877; died of wounds or disease, li,457 ; 
wounded, 1.52,779 ; presumed dead, missing in action 
and known prisoners of war, 8,243. 

Nov. 12 — The abdication of Emperor Charles of Austria 
is officially announced at Vienna. 

■ — Latest advices from Germany show that while desul- 
tory fighting is occurring in Berlin, and that naval 
mutineers are refusing to yield to any authority, the 
Socialist Government is proceeding toward full con- 
trol. All factions of the Socialists are apparently 



working in unison, and the ultraradical, or so-called 
Bolshevist element, has gained great recognition. The 
agreement which has been reached between the Social- 
ist and Independent Socialist Parties and the new re- 
gime seems to have secured support from the press. 
In addition to the Wolff Bureau, the Socialists are 
now represented by 3 newspapers, the Vorwaerts, the 
Lokal-Anzeiger, formerly the Emperor's favorite 
newspaper and now rechristened the Red Flag, and 
the former semi-official organ, the North German Ga- 
zette, which has taken the new title of the Iriterna- 
tional. The revolutionary movement is continually 
spreading. Koenigsberg, Frankfort-on-Main and 
Strassburg are now controlled by the Soviets. 
— The Belgian Legation, in an official statement today, 
announced that Belgium will no longer submit to a 
status of "guaranteed neutrality" like that which ex- 
isted before the war. It aspires to "complete inde- 
pendence; to the rights common to all free peoples.' 
—Chairman Baruch of the United States War Indus- 
tries Board began to lift the restrictions on buildmg 
material so that the country can return to a peace 
basis gradually. He announced the reversal of prior- 
ity orders respecting commodities that had been cur- 
ta'iled for the war. The action of the War Industries 
Board is a first step to be followed as quickly as it 
is deemed advisable by others. 
—Secretary Mc.\doo announced a 75 per cent, reduc- 
tion in Government war risk insurance rates on hulls, 
cargoes and seamen's insurance. This made the 
rate on ships and cargoes through the war zone % 
of 1 per cent., instead of 2 per cent., with other rates 
cut accordingly. Treasury officials explamed that, 
although the submarine has been abandoned, risk sUU 
exists on account of floating mines and the possibility 
that some submarines may run amuck. 
June 28 — German envoys signed the Peace Terms 
Aug. 12— Final casualty reports from the Central 
Records office of the American Expeditionary Forces 
in France, made public by' the War department to- 
day, gave the total battle deaths as 49,498, total 
wounded 205,690 and prisoners 4,480. 
July 1— The army had reported 149.433 cases of 
disabled soldiers to the War Risk Insurance bureau. 
It was estimated that the final total would be close 
to 200,000. 



Where Our Soldiers Were in France 



Location of the thirty-flve combat divisions and six 
depot divisions of the American Army in France on Nov. 
7, four days before the signing- of the armistice, was 
announced by the War Department Nov. 27. as follows: 

COMBAT DIVISIONS. 
1st (Regulars) — Nouart and St. Dizier; Brig. Gen. Frank 

2d (Regulars) — Fosse and St. Dizier; Major Gen. John A. 

Lejeune. 
3d (Regulars) — Tannois and St. Dizier; Brig. Gen. Preston 

Brown. 
4th (Regulars) — Ducey and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Mark L. 

Herse.v. 
5th (Regulars) — Cunel and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Hanson 
_E. Ely. 
6th (Regulars) — Stonne and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Walter 

H. Gordon. 
7th (Regulars) — Euvezin and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Ed- 
mund Wittenmyer. 
26th (New England) — Bras. Troyon-sur-Meuse, St. Dizier; 

Brig. Gen. F. E. Lamford. 
27th I New York) — Corbie, Beauquesne, St. Dizier; Major 

Gen. John F. O'Ryan. 
2Sth (Pennsylvania) — Heudicourt and St. Dizier; Major 

Gen. William H. Hay. 
29th (New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia. Maryland, District 

of Columbia) — Robert Espagne and St. Dizier; Major 

Gen. Edward H. Lewis. 



31st (Georgia, Alabama, Florida) — Brest; Major Gen. Le- 

roy S. Lyon. 
32d (Michigan, Wisconsin) — Aincreville and St. Dizier; 

Major Gen. William C. Haan. 
33d (Illinois) — Troyon and St. Dizier; Major Gen. George 

Bell, Jr. 
34th (Nebraska. Iowa, South Dakota. Minnesota) — Cas- 

tres: Brig. (jen. John A. Johnston. 
35th (Missouri, Kansas — Sommedieue and St. Dizier; 

Major Gen. Peter E. Traub. 
36th (Texas. Oklahoma) — Conde-en-Barrois, Major Gen. 

W. R. Smith. 
37th (Ohio)— Thielt, Dunkirk; Major Gen. Charles S. 

Farnsworth. 
38th (Indiana. Kentucky, West Virginia) — Le Mans; Ma- 
jor Gen. Robert L. Howze. 
42d (Rainbow) — Maisoncelle and St. Dizier; Major Gen. 

Charles D. Rhodes. 
77th (New York City) — La Bassee, Varennes, St. Dizier; 

Major Gen. Robert Alexander. 
7Sth (Western New York. New Jersey, Delaware) — Le 

Champy Haut and St. Dizier; Major Gen. James H. Mc- 

rtae. „ , 

79th (Northeast Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Col- 
umbia) — Vacherauville and St. Dizier; Major Gen. 

Joseph E. Kuhn. 
SOth (Virginia, West Virginia. Western Pennsylvania)— 

Sommouthe and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Adelbert Cronk- 

hite. 
Slst (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Porto 

Rico) — Sommedieue, Is-sur-Tille; Major Gen. Charles J. 

Bailey. 



S2d (Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee) — Florent; Major Gen. 

George P. Duncan. 
84th (Kentucky, Indiana, Soutliern Illinois) — Neuvic; 

Major Gen. Harry C Hale. 
S6th (Chicago and Northern Illinois) — .St. Andre de Cub- 

zac; Major Gen. Charles H. Martin. 
S7th (Arkansas. Louisiana, Mississippi, Southern Alabama) 

— Pons; Major Gen. .S. D. Sturgis. 
SSth (North Dakota, Minnesota. Iowa, West Illinois) — 

Montreux Chateau, Is-sur-Tille; Major Gen. William 

Weigel. 
SSth (Kansas, Missouri. South Dakota, Nebraska, Color- 
ado, New Mexico, Arizona) — Tailly and St. Dizier; Brig. 

Gen. Frank D. Winn. 
90th (Texas and Oklahoma) — Villers-devant-Dun and St. 

Dizier; Major Gen. Henry T. Allen. 
91st (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Ne- 



vada, Montana, Wyoming, Utah) — Oostroosebeke and 
Dunkirk; Major Gen. William H. Johnston. 

92d (Negroes, National Army) — Marbache and St. Dizier; 
Major Gen. Charles C. Ballou. 

DEPOT DIVISIONS. 

41st (Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming) — 
St. Aignan and Noyers; Brig. Gen. Eli Cole. 

8.3d (Ohio and West Pennsylvania) — Le Mans and Castres; 
Major Gen. E. F. Glenn. 

76th (New England and New Tork) — St. Amand, Mon- 
tron; Major Gen. Harry F. Hodges. 

SSth (Michigan and East Wisconsin) — Pouilly; Major Gen. 
Chase W. Kennedy. 

39th (Ark.ansas. Mississippi and Louisiana) — St. Florent; 
Major Gen. Henry C. Hodges, Jr. 

40th (Colorado. Utah. Arizona. New Mexico and Califor- 
nia) — Revigny and St. Dizier; Major Gen. F. S. Strong. 



Wilson's Fourteen Points of Peace 



On January S, 1918, President Wilson, in an acidress 
to a joint session of Congress named fourteen points as 
essential in a consideration of peace. His speech, in 
full, will be found on pages 17-18 of the 1918 World 
Almanac and C\-clopedia. The fourteen points he stated 
as follows : 

I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at ; after 
which there shall be no private international under- 
standings of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed al- 
ways frankly and in the public view. 

II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, 
outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, 
except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part 
by international action for the enforcement of interna- 
tional covenants. 

III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic 
barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade 
conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace 
and associating themselves for its maintenance. 

IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that na- 
tional armaments will be reduced to the lowest point 
consistent with domestic safety. 

V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial ad- 
justment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict ob- 
servance of the principle that in determining all such 
questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations 
concerned must have equal weight with the equitable 
claims of the Government whose title is to be deter- 
mined. 

VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory, and such 
a settlement of all questions alTecting Russia as will 
secure the best and freest co-operation of the other na- 
tions of the world in obtaining for her an unliampered 
and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent 
determination of her own political development and 
national policy, and assure her of a sincere welcome into 
the society of free nations under institutions of her 
own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance 
also of every kind that she may need and may herself 
desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister 
nations in the months to come will be the acid test of 
their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as 
distinguished from their own interests and of their in- 
telligent and unselfish sympathy. 

VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be 
evacuated and restored without any attempt to limit 
the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all 
other free nations. No other single act will serve as 
this will serve to restore confidence among the nations 



in the laws which they have themselves set and deter- 
mined for the government of their relations with one 
another. Without this healing act the whole structure 
and validity of international law is forever impaired. 

VIII. All French territory should be freed and the 
invaded portions restored : and the wrong done to France 
by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, 
which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly 
fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may 
once more be made secure in the interest of all. 

IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should 
be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nation- 
ality. 

X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place 
among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and as- 
sured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of 
autonomous development. 

XI Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro should be evac- 
uated ; occupied territories restored ; Serbia accorded 
free and secure access to the sea, and the relations of 
the several Balkan states to one another determined by 
friendly counsel along historically established lines of 
allegiance and nationality ; and international guarantees 
of the political and economic independence and terri- 
torial integrity of the several Balkan states should be 
entered into. 

XII. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman 
Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the 
other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule 
should be assured an undoubted security of life and an 
absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous devel- 
opment, and the Dardanelles should be permanently 
opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of 
all nations under international guarantees. 

XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected 
which should include the territories inhabited by indis- 
putably Polish populations, which should be assured a 
free and secure access to the sea, Lnd whose political 
and economic independence and territorial integrity 
should be guaranteed by international covenant. 

XIV. A general association of nations must be 
formed, under specilic covenants, for the purpose of 
affording mutual guarantees of political independence 
and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. 

Mr. Wilson's declaration of fourteen peace points was 
made a day after the British Prime Minister, David 
Lloyd George, had stated in a public address to the 
trades unions what his country considered a basis for 
peace discussion. 



XXXII 




^^ 










^ 



k -/ 



^ 



^ -,J^ 



^r.'w-" 



•j.«KBKNr 




-^. 



k*^i 






J^^^M^ 



r% -'^ '~i 




av^^/^v 



!^ 




f'^ 



1*^>. 



